ABPN 75th Anniversary CelebrationCelebration

Giants of Neurology

Mark L Dyken, MDProfessor Emeritus of Neurologyf f gyIndiana University Medical School

September 26, 2009

ANA Presidents

ABPN “NEUROLOGY GIANTS” (American Neurological Association & American Academy of Neurology”

1. Lewis J. Pollock 19422. Edwin G. Zabriskie 19443. Henry W. Woltman 19504. Hans H. Reese 19535 Roland P Mackay 19545. Roland P. Mackay 19546. Percival Bailey 19557. Johannes M. Nielsen 19568. H. Houston Merritt 19579. Bernard J. Alpers 195910 R ll D J 1965

AAN Presidents1. Abe B. Baker* 1948-19512 F i M F t 1957 195910.Russell DeJong 1965

11.Adolph L. Sahs 196812.Augustus S. Rose 196913.Melvin D. Yahr 197014.Abe B. Baker 1971

2. Francis M. Forster 1957-19593. Augustus S. Rose* 1959-19614. Adolph L. Sahs* 1961-19635. Sidney Carter 1969-1971

ANA Vice Presidents1. Louis Casamajor 1939

*Also ANA

2. Frederich P. Moersch 19523. Alphonse Vonderahe 19554. Paul I. Yakovlev 19595. Charles Rupp 19606. Knox Finley 19636. Knox Finley 19637. Alexander T. Ross 1967

•M.D. 1906 College of Physicians and Surgeons •1909 -1948 New York Neurological Institute . Assistant Attending to Professor EmeritusProfessor Emeritus.•Early interest in Child Neurology followed Bernard Sachs and was followed by Sidney Carter and thenfollowed by Sidney Carter and then Darryl DeVivo•President of several psychiatric societies, but defensive about N before P in ABPN,

•“Neurologists, you know, have much more reverence for the alphabet thanfor the alphabet than psychiatrists have.”•"Personally I don't give a damn …”

One of most colorful and the most controversial of all ABPN directors.

(The Lobotomist: by Jack El-Hai , Last Resort: ( yPsychosurgery and

Limits of Medicine by Pressman JD. )

“Aside from the Nazi doctor Josef Mengele, W l F k h dWalter Freeman ranks as the most scorned physician of the twentieth century.” Jack El-

Hai

•1916 AB Yale University•1916 AB Yale University •1920 MD University of Pennsylvania •1921-1923 Pathology at U. of Pennsylvania•1923-1924 Neurology/Neuropathology in Paris, Rome, and Vienna .•PhD in 1931 Georgetown University1924 to 1933 Director of laboratories St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, in Washington, D.C. p g•1926 to 1954, Professor and Chairman of Neurology at George Washington University.•1927 Secretary of AMA’s Section on Nervous and Mental Disease, chair 1931. ,•1944-1945 President of American Assoc. of Neuropathologists •Almost first president of the AAN

ABPN•Longest serving director (15 years), secretary (13 years), president in 1947

Walter Jackson Freeman

•Only one of the original neurology directors to serve as an officer. •As secretary of the board, set up examinations first given in 1935. He visited sites ensuring facilities and testing materials ready and recruiting examiners.. “W l Y h A i S f Bi h f P hi d N l•“Walter. You are the American Son of a Bitch of Psychiatry and Neurology,

Emeritus.”

Transorbital Lobotomy (Early)•1936 Freeman and Watts performed first lobotomy in U S1936 Freeman and Watts performed first lobotomy in U.S. •Many responded to point they could function outside institution.•Most of the leaders in field were early supporters, including Adolph Meyer.•1949 Egas Moniz. Portuguese neurologist, received Nobel Prize

Transorbital Lobotomy (Late)•1954 Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) introduced.•Freeman continued flamboyantly. Two handed, stepping back for pictures•Zabriskie fainted after viewing a demonstration.•When stopped in 1967 he had performed 3,439 procedures•Stories about Frances Farmer are not true. Those about Rosemary Kennedy are.

Jack El-Hai Summary and Title “…a maverick medical genius and his tragic quest to rid the world of mental illness”

•1886 Born in Moscow Russia1886 Born in Moscow, Russia•MD University of Illinois. Age 20•Residency Montefiore Hospital NY, Chicago State Hospital andChicago State Hospital and Kankakee State Hospital in Illinois.•1916 Faculty of Northwestern Universityy•1926 Professor and Chair of Dept. of Nervous and Mental Diseases Northwestern•WW I in France obtained material for classic, "Peripheral Nerve Injuries,“ with Loyal Davis in 1933. O l ABPN di t•Only ABPN director never

certified.•1942 President of the ANA

•MD 1897 Long Island College 89 o g s a d Co egeHospital•Neurology in Paris and Berlin •1909 1959 New York Neurological•1909 -1959 New York Neurological Institute. •World War I Battles of Chateau-Thierry St Mihiel and MeuseThierry, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne. Rank of Lieutenant Colonel•Early proponent of lobotomy•Early proponent of lobotomy until Freeman demonstration.•1946-1948 Acting director of NeurologyNeurology•1944 President of ANA

•1913 MD, 1917 PhD University of Minnesota •1917- 1964 Mayo Clinic•1930 Chair Section Neurology & Psychiatry,1946 separated sections.• Many contributions included:

•Neurology of Pernicious AnemiaAnemia

•Kernohan or Kernohan-Woltman notch

•Moersch-Woltman (stiff-man) syndrome

•Woltman’s sign of myxedema

E l d t f t l l b t•Early advocate frontal lobotomy•1948 President of ARNMD•1950 President of ANA•Member Advisory Council of the NINDB

The Legacy of Tracy J. Putnam g y yand H. Houston Merritt:

Modern Neurology in the United States

By Lewis P RowlandBy Lewis P. Rowland

•1920 MD Harvard Medical School •Pathology (Johns Hopkins)•Pathology (Johns Hopkins), Neurosurgery (Harvey Cushing), Neurology/Psychiatry (Stanley Cobb).•1924-1925 Moseley Traveling Fellow in y gHolland•1934 Director Neurological Unit and Professor of Neurology Harvard Medical SchoolSchool. •1939 Director Neurological Institute of New York and Professor of Neurology & Neurosurgery Columbia Universityg y y•1947 Director of Neurological Service at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles•Best known for work with H. Houston Merritt

•Methods testing antiepileptic agents and Diphenylhydantoin, 1stg p y y ,new anticonvulsant (1938) of the 20th century

•Significant studies on

Tracy J Putnam

•Physiology of pituitary•Surgical treatment of hydrocephalus and dyskinesias•Invented several laboratory and neurosurgical instruments•Invented several laboratory and neurosurgical instruments•Further defined chronic subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus and epilepsy

L d hi R lLeadership Roles•1949 Testimony with others before Congress resulted in establishment of NINDB in 1950•Editor-in-chief of the Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry(1935-1955)•A Founder and President (1941-1942) of the Cushing Society•First president (1943) of American Society for Psychosomatic Medicine •Chair (1947) of Medical Advisory Board to the National ( ) yMultiple Sclerosis Society

•1924 MD Johns Hopkins at age 24C•1928-1931 Neurology Boston City

Hospital•1930-1931 Neuropathology at the D t h F h t lt i M i hDeutsche Forschungsanstalt in Munich•1931-1944 Faculty Harvard Medical School •1938 With Putnam introduced Phenytoin •1944-1948 Chief of Service at M t fi H it l & P f fMontefiore Hospital & Professor of Clinical Neurology Columbia University. •1948-1968 Chair Department of Neurology at the College of PhysiciansNeurology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Director, Neurological Institute•1959 1970 Dean of the Faculty of•1959-1970 Dean of the Faculty of Medicine

•At least 30 of his residents became Academic chairs

H. Houston Merritt

•At least 30 of his residents became Academic chairs•Wrote the classic Textbook of Neurology•Norms and deviations of cerebrospinal fluid•Correlation of clinical and CSF changes in neurosyphilis.•National Recognition and Honors (Selected examples)

•National Advisory Council of the NINDBNational Advisory Council of the NINDB•Boards of numerous volunteer groups•Honorary memberships in medical societies around the world•Highest awards given by at least 10 professional societies and agencies•Honorary degrees from Harvard, New York Medical College, and Columbia.•President of the ABPN (1959), ANA (1957), ARNMD•Editor-in-Chief Archives of Neurology from 1962 to 1971. gy

•Born Bordesholm, Holstein, Germany •1914 1917 Imperial German Navy WW I•1914-1917 Imperial German Navy WW I •1917 MD University of Kiel•1917-1919 Pathology & Int. Medicine U. of HamburgHamburg •1919-1923 Neurology under Max Nonne•1924 Interest in Neurosyphilis led to Asst. Prof U Wisconsin (Noguchi & Sachs)Prof U. Wisconsin (Noguchi & Sachs)•1940 Chair of Neuropsychiatry•1956 First Chair Department of Neurology M l i t t t f hili•Malaria treatment of neurosyphilis

•Other research interests included: multiple sclerosis, subacute combined degeneration of the cord and insulin shockof the cord, and insulin shock•President of ANA 1953•Testified before Congress 1949 for NINDB

Story Book Life

Hans Reese

•1912, World Champion German Soccer Team and Olympic Gold •Medical School interrupted by WW IMedical School interrupted by WW I

•Battle of Jutland (Iron & Hanseatic Cross) •During World War II, U.S. Army & Navy cited his work as Combat Scientist•In 1963, German Cross of Merit for promoting German-American relationsAmerican relations•First non-Japanese awarded an honorary degree byU. of Kyushu

D R ’ b t li it d t d thl ti• Dr. Reese’s bravery was not limited to war and athletics•Forster describes 1954 ANA past president remarks•McCarthyism as a form of NazismMcCarthyism as a form of Nazism

•Born in Aarslev, Denmark•U.S. at age 5 years. Father soon died•Worked through grade school•Not considered high school material•Apprenticed as a carpenter and at 17Apprenticed as a carpenter and at 17 was master carpenter, a construction foreman and expert in advanced mathematics•Passed high school examinations (expert in mathematics and fluent in 6 languages)P d d i i ht h l k d•Pre-med during night school worked

during day•1919 MD with honors (Junior AOA) at University of Chicago despiteUniversity of Chicago despite

•retinitis with macular involvement •Teaching mathematics and English at private school at nightat private school at night

•Residency Battle Creek Sanitarium and U of Vienna

Johannes Nielsen

•Residency Battle Creek Sanitarium and U. of Vienna with Otto Marburg.•1929 Private practice of neurology/psychiatry in Los p gy p y yAngeles•1931 Assoc. Professor of Neurology & Psychiatry at USC Chair 1945 1952 resigned opposed separation ofUSC Chair 1945-1952, resigned opposed separation of psychiatry from neurology.•Numerous publications. Agnosia„ Apraxia, Aphasia.: p g „ p , pTheir Value in Cerebral Localization (1936 & 1946) •A founder Society of Biological Psychiatry, President (1947 1948)(1947-1948) •Fellow of the ACP, the APA and the AAN •President of ANA in 1955•President of ANA in 1955.

•1919 MD & 1921 PhD at U. of MinnesotaMinnesota•1921 1st full time faculty in neurology at U. Minn.1928 N th l / l•1928 Neuropathology /neurology

Breslau and Munich•1929 Professor Nervous & M t l DiMental Diseases•1934-1943 Head Dept. Medicine

•1943-1946 Head Dept of1943 1946 Head Dept. of Neuropsychiatry•Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)Personality Inventory (MMPI) , 1st Ed.1942 with Hathaway • Disabling stroke at 55 years. Textbook of Neurology LaterTextbook of Neurology. Later completed by A.B. Baker

Up From Little Egypt b P i l B ilby Percival Bailey

•Deprived early life. Left home at 14•Southern Illinois State Teachers College•BS 1912. PhD 1918 University of Chicago •1918 MD Northwestern1918 MD Northwestern University•Applied for residencies:

•Harvey Cushing (Neurosurgery) accepted immediately•Adolf Meyer (Psychiatry) 3 months too late.

•Relationship with Cushing a life-long love-hate relationship

Percival Bailey

Relationship with Cushing a life long, love hate relationship•Cushing 1919-1920, 1922-1925, and 1926-1928.

•1921-1922 Salpêtrière in Paris.•1925-1926 St Anne’s hospital in Paris1925 1926 St. Anne s hospital in Paris•Professor of Surgery (1929-1939) & Neurology (1933-1939) at U. Chicago. 1939 1948 Di ti i h d P f N l d N l i l S•1939-1948 Distinguished Prof. Neurology and Neurological Surgery,

University of Illinois •1951-1967 Professor of Psychiatry University of Illinois•Over 260 publications in neuropathology, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurology, neurosurgery, history of medicine and psychiatry including:

•Tumors of the Glioma Group with Cushing. •Challenged scientific basis for psychoanalysis. Sigmund the Unserene: A Tragedy in Three Acts.

H F ll f th APA•Honorary Fellow of the APA.

Contributions Recognized During his Lifetime

Percival Bailey

Contributions Recognized During his Lifetime•Honorary member of societies in at least 17 countriescountries. •45 international distinguished scholastic and professional honors•President

•American Neurological Association (1955), C t l N hi t i A i ti (1940)•Central Neuropsychiatric Association (1940),

•Soc.Neurological Surgeons (1948), •Society of Biological Psychiatry (1948),Society of Biological Psychiatry (1948), •Illinois Psychiatric Society (1954), and •Chicago Literary Club ((1954)

•MD Cincinnati College of Medicine (1921)•Residencies at Cincinnati General Hospital & Pennsylvania Hospital. •1924-1969 Private practice and D t t f A t U Ci i tiDepartment of Anatomy U. Cincinnati•1926-1948 Neuropathologist Cincinnati General N t l t i fl d•Neuroanatomy lectures influenced

Forster’s interest in neurology•Described changes in hypothalamus in various disease and comparativevarious disease and comparative electrophysiology of the vertebrate nervous system•Chair Section on Nervous and Mental Diseases of AMA•First research grants committee NINDB•Vice president of ANA (1955)•Member all major societies•Member all major societies representing neurology, psychiatry, neuropathology, anatomy and EEG

•1925 MD U.Toronto, 2nd to Charles Best, the co-discoverer of insulin•Neurology residency Mayo Clinic •Neuropathology at Eppendorfer Krankenhaus in Hamburg•1929-1934 Assistant Professor at Rush Medical College. •1934-1962 University of Illinois•1962-1968 Professor Neurology Northwestern University•President : ABPN (1953), ANA (1954), Amer. Epilepsy Soc. (1958), Society Biological Psychiatry (1950-1951), National Multiple Sclerosis Society (1960-1962)Society (1960-1962)•Member of the Advisory Council of NINDB 1953-1957•1958 AMA established Archives1958 AMA established Archives of Neurology official organ of the ANA

•1923 MD Harvard University •1930 Doctor of Science U. Pennsylvania1923 t 1925 Phil d l hi O th di h it l•1923 to 1925 Philadelphia Orthopedic hospital

and Infirmary for Nervous Disease•1925 to 1928 Fellow in Neuropsychiatry at the U. of Pennsylvania and at the Philadelphia y pGeneral Hospital•1928-1929 Studied at Queens Square, Madrid with del Rio Hortega and Hamburg- Friedrichsberg with Alfons JakobFriedrichsberg with Alfons Jakob

“Alpers Disease” in Jakob’s laboratory• 1929-1939 Director Neuropathology U. Penn• 1939-1966 Chairman Dept. of Nervous and1939 1966 Chairman Dept. of Nervous and Mental Disease at Jefferson Medical College•. Over 160 scientific articles

•First 4 on CSF as a medical student•Clinical Neurology six editions 1943 to 1971•Clinical Neurology, six editions 1943 to 1971. Single author on all but the sixth edition (with Elliott Mancall)•President: ABPN (1955), ANA (1959), and American Association of Neuropathologists

•1913 MD University of Minnesota•1917 U.S. Army training Neuropsychiatry at U. Michigan.p y y g•Following WW I Assistant in Neuropsychiatry U. of Michigan.1920 1956 M Cli i•1920-1956 Mayo Clinic

•1956 Moersch-Woltman Stiff-Man Syndrome•1951 Chairman Section Nervous and Mental Diseases of the AMA.•1952 Vice President ANA•1952 Vice President ANA•1956 President ABPN

•BA (1928), BS (1929), MB (1930), and his MD (1931) by age 23. Then MS (1932)

d PhD (1934) i th l t U fand PhD (1934) in neuropathology at U. of Minnesota.•1931-1934 Pathology and 1934-1937 Neurology residency under Dr McKinleyNeurology residency under Dr. McKinley•1937-1977 Instructor in neurology and pathology to Professor and Director of Neurology in 1946.gy•1977-1983 Chief of Neurology at Mt Sinai Hospital in Minneapolis.•President

•ABPN 1963 AAN 1948 1951 ANA•ABPN 1963, AAN 1948-1951, ANA1979-1971, Epilepsy Foundation of America 1971-1973

•Fulbright Teaching Professorship at the University of Oslo (1959)•Election to Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (youngest foreign member ever)member ever)•Honorary member of neurological societies of Chile and Argentina

Accomplishments

Abe Baker

Brilliant, tenacious bull dog without false modesty. Accomplished what he set out to do•Most important?

•Role in founding the AAN in 1948•Leader of the 4 horsemen •Organizational meeting in Chicago, chaired by Baker,

W lt F l t d id t l t B kWalter Freeman elected president, later Baker wasfirst president (1948-1951)

•1st scientific meeting French Lick, IN 1948 •National activity for establishment of NINDB 1950

•Lobbying congressmen and leading active committees.•Served on all the early supervisory committees

• Over 200 publications in many areas, most prominent•Neuro-pathology of poliomyelitis (early)•Organized the International Study of Cerebral Ath l iAtherosclerosis

•1955, 1st edition of Clinical Neurology

•1932 MD University of Michigan. •1932-1936 Intern and residency U1932 1936 Intern and residency U. Michigan.•1936 Master’s degree in neurology•1936-1976 Instructor to Professor &1936 1976 Instructor to Professor & Chairman of Neurology in 1950•1976-1990 Professor Emeritus•Trained over 100 residentsTrained over 100 residents•1954-1955 Fulbright Research Fellow at the National Hospital, Queen Square in London•Over 200 publications Broad clinical interestOver 200 publications. Broad clinical interest•1971-1972 ABPN Interim Exec. Secretary•AAN

• 1st of 4 horsemen on ABPN• 1st of 4 horsemen on ABPN..• 1st Vice President 1961-1963•1950-1976 1st Editor-in-Chief Neurology

Russell DeJong

• 1950, 1st of 4 editions of, The Neurologic Examination

•President of ANA (1965)

•President of Am. Epilepsy Society (1955-1956)

•Member training grant committee for neurology

•National Institute of Mental Health (1950-1952) ( )

•Then NINDB (1952-1956)

•1956-1963, NINDB research grant committee1956 1963, NINDB research grant committee

•Honorary membership in neurological societies of several countries

•Gutmann “In Memoriam” Neurology •1937 MD University of Cincinnati College of Medicine•Neurology residency Boston City Hospital Putnam and Merritt•Psychiatry residency Pennsylvania Hospital•1940-1941 Rockefeller Research Fellow Ph i l i F lt ’ L b t Y lPhysiology in Fulton’s Lab at Yale•1941 Instructor in Neurology Boston University School of Medicine1943 F lt t J ff M di l•1943 Faculty at Jefferson Medical

College in Philadelphia•1950-1958 1st Prof. & Chair Department Neurology Georgetown UniversityNeurology, Georgetown University1953-1958 Dean, Georgetown School of Medicine 1958-1978 Prof. & Chair Dept pNeurology U Wisconsin 1978-1982 Emeritus Professor

•More than 200 publications•Most on with primary interest in reflex epilepsy

Francis Forster

p y p p y•Trained over 100 residents and 16 academic chairs •President

•AAN 1957-1959, ABPN 1960, Pavlovian Society, American Epilepsy SocietyAAN 1957 1959, ABPN 1960, Pavlovian Society, American Epilepsy Society•Consultant to the Surgeons General of USPHS, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force•Member of many professional organizations including NIH and AMA•HonorsHonors

•1955 Honorary LLD degree Xavier University•1982 Honorary DSc degree Georgetown University.•Distinguished Service Award AAN•Distinguished Service Award AAN•William G. Lennox Award from the American Epilepsy Society

•Consulting physician to President Dwight Eisenhower, President Quirino &Archbishop Reyes of the Philippines President L’onardi of Argentina &Archbishop Reyes of the Philippines, President L onardi of Argentina, &Cardinal Albert Meyer of Chicago

•1964, Dr. Forster’s testimony Jack Ruby’s acts inconsistent with epileptic seizurePlaque at my birthplace•Plaque at my birthplace

•Univ. Iowa Varsity first baseman. Chose medicine over a professional baseball. •M.D. degree in 1931•1932-1935 Neurology Univ. of Iowa•1936-1986 Faculty University of Iowa•1936-1986 Faculty University of Iowa •1947-1974 Professor and Head of

Department in 1947 until 1974•1974 1986 Continued practice until•1974-1986 Continued practice until death•1938-1939, Rockefeller Foundation FellowFellow

to study with Tracy Putnam and Leo Alexander at Boston City Hospital and John Fulton at New Haven

• One of four horsemen•All phases of the NINDB•With Paul Bucy revised and rewrote 5th &With Paul Bucy revised and rewrote 5 & 6th editions of Grinker’s Neurology.

•General Chair, Joint Committee Stroke Facilities (1969-1978)

Adolph Sahs

, ( )•ANA & Regional Medical Programs •Defined risk factors, epidemiology, diagnosis, diagnostic workup, management, and specific treatment for the time.p, g , p

•International Cooperative Study of Aneurysms & Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

•Over 3000 patients•Over 3000 patients•First multiple-institution, prospective and later randomized study of neurological disease•Defined the natural history of intracranial aneurysms and•Defined the natural history of intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations•Later a random controlled study of treatment Res lts important b t as important as earl championing•Results important, but as important was early championing

of trial methodology for evidence based medicine•Many honors and appointments, include

P id t ABPN (1967) AAN (1961 1963) d ANA (1967•President ABPN (1967), AAN (1961-1963), and ANA (1967-1968)

•Born Honolulu, Hawaii•1928 AB in bacteriology Stanfordgy•1932 MD University of Oregon •1937 MS University of Michigan •1932-1935 Residency Neuropsychiatry Hans Reese U. of Wisconsin•1935-1937 Instructor U. Michigan •1940-1941 Asst. Professor Dept Neurology and Psychiatry Indiana UNeurology and Psychiatry, Indiana U. •September of 1941, Active duty WW II

•Only EEG lab. in European theater •1945, Chief of Neurology for U.S. army 9 5, C e o eu o ogy o U S a y

Discharged as Lt. Colonel•1948-1952, Prof. & Chair, Dept. Neurology

& Psychiatry Indiana U.C f•1952-1971 Chaired Dept. of Neurology

•Publications include progressive selective sudomotor denervation, Ross’s syndromey

•Vice President: ANA, AAN, ABPN•Advisor to NIH and VA

WHY INCLUDED?Ross Low key completely altruist and not self aggrandizing He did not

Alexander Ross

Ross Low key completely altruist and not self aggrandizing. He did not seek praise usually chuckle and change the subject.

UNDERCOVER 5TH HORSEMAN?•In 1972 among hundreds of letters to Indiana University at Ross’s retirement, 4 were from each of the “Four Horsemen”. Each commented on his role in the formation of the AAN. Three excerpts:•Baker (the leader): “…Dr. Ross had the vision to realize the importance of this phase of medicine and joined us in the formation of the American Academy of Neurology and in the gradual expansion and activation of this specialty ”activation of this specialty. •Forster “…American Academy of Neurology…His valiant efforts and its inception had much to do with bringing this Society into being…” S h “ t t ith hi d i th f di d th l•Sahs “…numerous contacts with him during the founding and the early

days of the American Academy of Neurology. …carry out effectively a number of administrative assignments in the fledging Academy.”Direct contribution probably will never be known if not a horseman he mustDirect contribution probably will never be known, if not a horseman, he must have played a large role as a groom.

•Born in Touretz, Russia 1894 Military family•Orphaned age 9 years•1919 MD with high honors, Military Medical

Academy St. Petersburg; Bekhterev, Flechsig, Maximow, Pavlov

•Escape Finland, England to Paris.•1925 MD, U. of Paris, Pierre and Babinski•Research Fellow with Stanley Cobb•1931 Research fellow Minkowski in

Switzerland 1st schizencephaly brain•1928-1947 Many positions at Harvard and

affiliated hospitals•1947-1951 Associate Professor at Yale•1951-1961 Returned to Harvard, Assoc.

Prof. Neurology (1955), Prof. Neuropathology (1957

•Developed giant microtome to serially section

Paul Yakovlev

•Developed giant microtome to serially section whole human brain•Major studies of epilepsy, mental retardation,

neurocutaneous syndromes frontalneurocutaneous syndromes, frontal lobotomies, the limbic cortex, schizencephaly, atlases of the human brain, development of th h b i d ththe human brain, and many others

• >900 brains and 250,000 slides housed at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology as a national resource

•ABPN Director 1951-1958, Vice President 1957-1958. •President American Assoc Neuropathologists (1951)•President American Assoc. Neuropathologists (1951) •Vice President ANA (1959)•1955 Max Weinstein Award, United Cerebral Palsy yAssociation

•1930 MD Yale • 1930-1931 Pathology, New Haven1930 1931 Pathology, New Haven Hospital (1930-1931) •1931-1932 Fellow neurophysiology

Harvard Medical School•1934-1935 Neuropathology under Dr. W.

Spielmeyer at Kaiser Wilhelm Institute Munich and University of Amsterdam

•1936-1940 Resident at MGH and Boston Psychopathic Hospital

•1942-1944 Assoc. Prof. Neuropsychiatry U i it f OUniversity of Oregon

•1946 California Pacific Medical Center •1959 1st Chair of Dept. Neurology•Founded Research InstituteFounded Research Institute

•Vice President ANA (1963)•President San Francisco Neurological

Soc (1954-1955)Soc. (1954 1955)*Major research encephalitis & open

heart surgery

Jack Whisnant•Jack Whisnant•1932 MD Rush Medical College•Fellow Medicine & Neurology Mayo Clin.•1938 MS Mayo Graduate School•1936-1958 Mayo Clinic

•1950 Prof., 1954 Chair Neurology1958 Died 2nd year on the ABPN•1958. Died 2nd year on the ABPN.

•1958 President ARNMD. Died few weeks before annual meeting50 papers•50 papers

•Popularized the term “polymyositis” •Eaton-Lambert syndrome

•Impressive clinician and teacher•Jack Whisnant, switched to neurology in 2nd year of medicine residency.

Pioneers fof

Child Neurology

•1938 M.D. from Boston University•1939-1940 Psychiatry resident Westboro State HospitalState Hospital•1940-1943 Neurology residency at Boston City Hospital. Merritt’s last chief resident and Denny-Brown’s firsty•December of 1943, WW II European theater.•1945 Responsible neurological care of p gwar criminals.•1946 Merritt at the Montefiore Hospital•1948 With Merritt to Neurol. Institute•1951 Merritt asked him to follow Casamajor as chief of the Pediatric Neurology Service.•1962-1978 Dwight David Eisenhower United Cerebral Palsy Professor •1978 Professor Emeritus of Neurology and Pediatrics. 1978-1989 Chief of neurology Blythedale Children’s Hospital, Valhalla, New York

•CHILD NEUROLOGY•Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center a prototype for child neurology.Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center a prototype for child neurology.•Establishing Training Programs in Child Neurology

•1957 leadership role in negotiations with the NINDB to obtain support for child neurology training programs.

•Establishing Child Neurology as Recognized Subspecialty•With Francis Forster and considerable dialogue, the American Board of

Pediatrics agreed to accept Neurology as the parent.A th fi t id tifi d hild l i t di t (1959 1966 f th ABPN• As the first identified child neurologist director (1959-1966 of the ABPN,

guided the development of “Special Competence in Child Neurology” certification by the ABPN (1967)

•Recognition•Recognition•President of 3 major organizations representing neurology

•ABPN (1965), AAN (1969-1971), ANA (1978-1979)•Sidney Carter Award in Child Neurology awarded biannually by AANy gy y y•Hower Award, Child Neurology Society 1976.•Sidney Carter Professorship in Pediatric Neurology at the College of

Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia Universityy g y

•1939 PhD in Anatomy U. Chicago•1946 MD University of Chicagoy g•1947-1950 Neurology residency Johns Hopkins Hospital. •1950-1951 Fulbright National Hospital at Q ’ SQueen’s Square•1951-1965 Instructor to Assoc. Prof Johns Hopkins•1965-1979 1st Professor & Chair Dept. of1965 1979 1 Professor & Chair Dept. of Neurology U. of Kentucky

•Participant in negotiations with American Board of Pediatrics on Child Neurology•1959 Carter’s asst. first child examinations

t•1969 ABPN director 1st year of “Special Qualification in Child Neurol.”•Many international honorary lectureships•Many international honorary lectureships•1979 Child Neurol.Soc Hower Award.

•1932 MD Harvard•1932-1934 Resident MGH•1934 Assoc. Prof. of Anat. U. No. Carolina •1937-1951 MGH & Boston P h thi H it lPsychopathic Hospital. •1951-1970 Professor & Chair Division of Neurology at UCLA•1970 1974 Chairman of Neurology•1970-1974 Chairman of Neurology Department•1974- VA Distinguished Physician. .• Directed the collaborative studyDirected the collaborative study evaluating the effects of ACTH in multiple sclerosis•President of AAN (1959-1961) and ANA(1969)•Council of NINDS•Boards of many volunteer organizations•Honorary Member Association of British Neurologists (1972)

•1933 MD Harvard•1933- Training in Neurology and1933 Training in Neurology and Psychiatry at Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Disease, New York Hospital, Pennsylvania H it l Rh d I l d St t H it lHospital, Rhode Island State Hospital•Entire career private practice with voluntary academic appointments1963 67 Ch i D t N l•1963-67 Chairman Dept. Neurology

Philadelphia General Hospital •1964-1970 Chair of Dept. Neurology and Psychiatry at Lankenau Hospitaland Psychiatry at Lankenau Hospital•ANA Assistant Secretary (1948-1955), Secretary-treasurer (1955-1959), Vice President (1960) ), ( )•ABPN As Chair of Examinations Committee, major contributor to introduction (1967) of the written examination

•BA (1932) MA (1934) USC•1939 MD University of Oregon•1940-1942 Neurology resident Los Angeles County Hospital•1942-1943 Boston Psychopathic HospitalHospital. •1943-1944 Fellow in neurology at Harvard •1944-1973 Instructor to Professor1944 1973 Instructor to Professor (1967) College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University•1947-1973 Established and directed H d h Cli i t M t fi H it lHeadache Clinic at Montefiore Hospital•1973-1986 Prof. Neurology U. of Arizona•International Authority on Headache

•Chaired many committees including•Chaired many committees including NINDB Ad Hoc Committee on Classification and World Commission for the Study of H d h (1958Headache (1958.

•Honorary chief of the Kiowa Indians (1958) Explanation??.

•Morgantown High School & West Virginia University •1948 MD Harvard Medical School•1949-1951 Neurology with Alpers at Jefferson •1953-1956 Completed training and

chief resident Neurological Institute of New York

1956 1988 A t P f D t f•1956-1988 Asst. Professor Dept of Neurology and Psychiatry U. of Virginia

•1958 named Neurologist-in-Chiefg•1964 Professor of Neurology•1967 1st Chair Dept of Neurology•1972 Alumni Professor•1996 Robley Dunglison Teaching•1996 Robley Dunglison Teaching Award

•Primary interest neuromuscular disease and myastheniadisease and myasthenia

•Residency program and Indiana

1943 MD New York University1943-1944 Residency neuropsychiatry under Foster Kennedy1947 Completed residency Montefiore 1948 Moved with Merritt to the New York N l i l I tit tNeurological Institute1950-1973 Promoted to Merritt Professor of Neurology & Assoc. Dean1973 1992 Chair Dept Neurol Mount Sinai1973-1992 Chair Dept. Neurol Mount Sinai. 1992-2004 Aidekman Chair Neurol Research•Over 300 publications.: Most Parkinson’s DiseaseDisease

•Hoehn-Yahr scale •1968, Yahr et al confirmed high oral doses L-Dopa effective

•Consultant•NINDS, the National Research Council•National Academy of Sciences,

•Honors include President ABPN (1981) and ANA (1970)

•1855 MD University of Oregon •1956-1957 Neurology residency U. Iowa.1956 1957 Neurology residency U. Iowa. 1957-1960 Neurology Mayo Clinic •1963-2004 U. Texas - Galveston Asst. Prof. Department of Psychiatry.

•1970 Professor of Division of Neurol.•1973-2002 1st Chair Dept. Neurology

•Four Golden Apple awards•2004 John P. McGovern, M.D. Award in Oslerian Medicine•President of Association of University P f f N lProfessors of Neurology•Chairman of ACGME Residency Review Committee for Neurology2004 T N l i S i t ’ Lif ti•2004 Texas Neurologic Society’s Lifetime

Achievement Ward. •2004 AAN Foundation established John R Calverley Education & Research FundR. Calverley Education & Research Fund for a research training fellowship

•1943 enrolled accelerated pre-med program Washington University. •1945 Interest in neurology stimulated by neuroanatomy class by James O'Leary•1949 MD Washington University at age 21•1950-1951 Neurology residency at Barnes Hospital•1951-1953 Resident in neurology at the Neurological Institute in New York •1953-1955 One of the first postdoctoral fellows at Clinical Center of NIH•1955-1989 Private practice in St. Louis

•Declined full-time faculty position at Washington University. Feared would not be successful in researchnot be successful in research •volunteer faculty member promoted to Clinical Professor. •Special interest in Alzheimer’s disease stimulated research ideas and led to major research programs.

•1989-1998 Distinguished Academic

Leonard Berg

•Professor of Neurology•Team developed clinical staging instrument, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) to distinguish healthy aging from very mild dementia

•1979 NIH awarded four-year grant to study these groups1979 NIH awarded four year grant to study these groups•1985 NIH grant to establish Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC)

•Director until 1997•National Leadership and Honors

•1991-1995 Chairman National Alzheimer’s Association’s Medical and Scientific Advisory Council•Member of the Scientific Advisory Council of the American Federation for Aging Research•Congressional Advisory Panel on Alzheimer’s Disease (1993-1995).•Lifetime Achievement Award and the Public Service Awards from the Alzheimer's Association.

•1998 Became Emeritus Professor. Cerebral hemorrhage assoc. with amyloidi thangiopathy

•2007 Final hemorrhage and death

Photographs ABPN Files except:

Leonard Berg (Photo Courtesy of daughter Nancy Berg and Dr. William Landau)

Johannes Maargaard Nielsen and Henry William Woltman(Photo Courtesy of the American Neurological Association) Hicks, R,(Photo Courtesy of the American Neurological Association) Hicks, R, Centennial Anniversary Volume of the American Neurological Association 1875-1975, edited by D. Denny-Brown, A.S. Rose, and A.L. Sahs, Springer, New York.

Tracy Jackson Putnam and Percival Bailey (Photo Courtesy of Society of Neurological Surgeons) Patterson, Jr. RH. The Society of Neurological Surgeons 80th Anniversary y g g yVolume. Winston-Salem, NC: Wake Forest University Press –Scientific Division. 2001.