ABOUT THE COURSE - Kerala · VHSE Curriculum ABOUT THE COURSE A business that earns most or all of its revenues from agriculture. An ... utilization of natural resources categorically

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VHSE Curriculum

ABOUT THE COURSEA business that earns most or all of its revenues from agriculture. Anagribusiness tends to be a large-scale business operation and maydabble in farming, processing and manufacturing and/or the packagingand distribution of products.In recent times agricultural sector in Kerala confronts an array of issueswhich is indubitably a matter of contemplate especially in view of thelivelihood and sustainability of the sector in the State.The youth moving away from agriculture to other comparatively moreremunerative fields poses a serious threat on the agrarian future of theState. An assymmetric socio-economic regime with undue importanceon consumerism is detrimental to the State in long run. A paradigmshift in this regard, especially placing the agricultural sector in theupfront of the present socio-economic structure of the society requiresconcerted effort. The revised educational curriculum in its essenceholds this perception.As a matter of fact there is a need to restructure and realign the subsegments of agriculture sector like production sphere, marketing arena,value chain and educational spectrum. Keeping view of this theVocational Higher Secondary Course curriculum has assumed a newshape culminating from a series of brainstorming sessions.The revised course structure comprehensively covers the basicagricultural aspects by giving emphasis to Crop health management,agricultural science & Processing Technology and Agri-business andFarm Services.A shift from agriculture to agri-business is viewed as an essentialpathway to revitalize the agrarian sector of the State. There is atremendous untapped potential in the downstream end of theagricultural value chain which is at present languishing in darkness.The purposeful emphasis on agricultural processing and agri-businessin the revised curriculum assumes importance in this context. Therenewed curriculum touches upon all the important aspects ofagricultural technologies in a structured and phased manner whilegiving sharp focus towards the downstream end of the value chain onvalue addition and business opportunities. Such a reorientation isessential for the value chain upgradation of the candidates choosingagriculture as a vocation both in academic and practice. Moreover, thecurrent course structure places paramount importance to inculcate theentrepreneurship to the student pursuing vocational education inagriculture.The upgradation in structural value chain is the manifestation ofentrepreneurship and this is only possible through imbibing thecourage to climb up the ladder by breaking away from the conventionalpathways in agricultural sector.

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AGRI -BUSINESS AND FARM SERVICES

Farm services segment is an emerging and imperative field in theagrarian sector. The evolving importance of organic farming,certification and labeling, environmental sustainability on the effectiveutilization of natural resources categorically indicated the inevitabilityof this segment. The revised curriculum therefore provide adequateweightage on this segment.The scope and potential of the agricultural sector in this State lies beyondany quantifiable magnitude. Nevertheless, for the realisticmanifestation of the existing potential, we need to revamp theconventional thoughts and practices in accordance to advances made inagricultural sector. For the youth of this State agriculture is essentiallya sunrise sector and therefore they should be equipped to face thechallenges and hurdles on their pathway to success.The system envisage a vibrant and sustainable agrarian sector in thestate through equipping the youth with advanced technological andentrepreneurial skills.Objectives♦ To develop skills on different aspects of farm machinery

operations in tandem with the current needs in an agrarian society.♦ To encourage the concept of custom hiring centers that will play

a concrete role in uplifting agriculture from the current scenario ofabasement.

♦ To develop technical expertise in the much needed supply chainmechanism in tune with the societal priority.

♦ To promote agro-clinics in rural areas which will be pivotal indisseminating information and services as a parallel mechanismin extension activity manned by a rejuvenated cadre of technocratslinked with the latest technological knowhow.

♦ To enhance self supporting and self sustaining agri-business.♦ To inspire a spirit of enterprise by throwing open the possibilities

in Agribusiness systems which will ultimately create employmentoppurtunities in high value sectors.

♦ To pursue capacity building in association with stalwartinstitutions like SHM, VFPCK, IISR, CTCRI, CPCRI, KVK, KAU,APEDA.

♦ To package a set of skills such as in terrace farming and kitchengardening that will be highly appreciated by the community to awider extent with social commitment as the crux.

♦ To ignite a passion in healthy crop production free from harmfulpesticide and environmental degeneration.

♦ To promote high tech enterprises such as poly house and greenhouse that will cater to the aspiration of the general public forquality ensured safe farm produce.

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VHSE Curriculum

Job Roles (Career Path)

Government / SemiGovernment

Self EmploymentPrivate Sector

• Assistant AgriculturalOfficer

• Agri Extension Assistant• Supply Chain Field

Assistant• Seed processing Worker• Quality seed grower• Green house fitter• Floriculturist (open and

protected cultivation)• Laboratory Technical

Assistant in VHSE• Vocational Instructor in

VHSE• Work superintendent in

Dept. of Agriculture• All other posts where

basic qualificationrequired is plus two

• Field or Farm technician(IISR)

• Field Assistant and Farmsupervisor (Farmingcorporation)

• Farm TechnicalAssistant (Plantationcorporation Limited)

• Field Assistant (LEADS)• Field Assistant (CTCRI)• Field Assistant ( FSRS)• Field Assistant (VFPCK)• Field Assistant (KAU)• Technical Assistant

(KVK)• Gardner

• Food sample collector

• Post harvest technician

• Technician in Processingindustries

• Technician in repair &maintenance of Processing Equipments

• Field Representative(Fertiliser and Pesticidecompanies)

• Assistants in Agriculturebased mediaprogrammes

• Gardeners / Farm supervisors

• Assistants in crop healthclinics

• Agri Extension serviceprovider

• Harvesting machineoperator

• Supply chain fieldassistant

• Micro irrigationtechnician

• Agripreneur

• Bonsai cultivator

• Landscapingsupervisor/Landscapist

• Custom hiring centreoperator

• Hi-tech farm technician

Production sector• Private nursery• Mushroom cultivation

and spawn production•Vermicomposting• Coir pith composting• Azolla cultivation• Organic manure

production• Bio fertilizer

production• Seed production and

processing unit• Hiring of agricultural

implements• Repair of agricultural

implements• Apiculture• Protected cultivation

Service sector• Training on above

sectors• Agro-clinics• Agricultural

consultancy

• Irrigation services• Harvest services• Other farm services• Agro Service Centers

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SUBJECT APPROACH

The vocationalisation of education in India has been launched with thevision and concept of Mahatma Gandhiji’s dream on Basic Education.India is an agricultural country and Kerala being one of its mostpopulated states depend mainly on development of agriculture. Sincethe achievement of statehood in 1956, Kerala has been exploring all thepotential possibilities to promote agriculture and thereby achieving selfsufficiency in food and employment generation. But it is worthmentioning that, in Kerala the youth is moving away from agricultureto other comparatively more remunerative fields poses a serious threaton the agrarian future . An asymmetric socio-economic reign withundue importance on consumerism is detrimental to the state in longrun. A paradigm shift in this regard especially placing the agriculturalsector in the upfront of the present socio- economic structure of thesociety requires concerted effort. As a matter of fact there is a need torestructure and realign the sub segments of agricultural sector likeproduction sphere, marketing arena, value chain and educationalspectrum. The revised course structure of agribusiness and farm servicescomprehensively covers the basic agricultural aspects by givingemphasis to agrifield techniques and crop production technology. Thepurposeful emphasis on agricultural processing and agribusinessassumes significance in this context. It touches upon all the importantaspects of agricultural technologies in a structured and phased mannerwhile giving sharp focus toward the downstream end of the value chainon value addition and business oppurtunities. The upgradation instructural value chain is the manifestation of entrepreneurship and thisis only possible through imbibing the courage to climb up the ladder bybreaking away from the conventional pathways in agricultural sector.Farm service segment is an emerging and imperative field in theagrarian sector. The evolving importance of organic farming,certification and labeling, environmental sustainability on the effectiveutilization of natural resources, categorically indicated in theinevitability of this segment. The course envisages a vibrant,sustainable, agrarian sector across the state equipping the youth withadvanced technological and entrepreneurial skills.

OBJECTIVES♦ To generate general as well as specific awareness about the

various agricultural sectors and activities.♦ To create a pool of efficient and well self empowered personals in

agro machinery operations and service.♦ To create well trained technicians with supervisory and

management skills in handling supply chains.

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♦ To support operationalise custom hiring centers, catering to theneeds of the farming community.

♦ To supply efficient personals in establishing and maintainingagriclinics for the farming community.

♦ To create skilled technicians in the area of Green Housetechnology.

♦ To create skilled personals in the area of landscaping and gardenmanagement.

♦ To create efficient and skilled technicians in the field of specializedtechniques.

♦ To create a dedicated work force in subsidiary enterprises likenursery business, mushroom technology, Apiculture andSericulture.

♦ To train personals to implement projects for maximizingagricultural production.

The Kerala School Curriculum has been revised in the year 2013- 14 intune with the recommendations in Children’s Right to Free andCompulsory Education- Kerala Rules and Provisions-2011. Thecharacteristics of Kerala School Curriculum -2013 can be summarizedas it is child centered, process related, activity oriented and value based.It lays stress on the learning outcomes at the cognitive, process,attitudinal and value domains. The teacher has the freedom to employlogical and variegated learning strategies during the transactionprocess. It gives importance to ensuring the learning outcomes to alllearners. Based on these learning outcomes continuous andcomprehensive evaluation is recommended. The curriculum also laysemphasis on the code of professional ethics for teachers.With regard to learning process the following points are givenimportance.1. The learners relate their previous knowledge to the knowledge

they newly construct.2. Knowledge construction has to be at the individual and

community levels.3. The differential needs of the learners are to be addressed by

selecting and adapting learning activities.4. Learning and assessment are complimentary to each other.5. Learning process should aim at the all round development of the

learner.

With all the above ends in view, the learning strategies are so designedand to be implemented. The learning activities proposed are diversified

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in their nature but is ensured to engage all learners both the gifted aswell as the slow pace learners. Projects, experiments, discussions, paneldiscussions, debate, survey, assignments, seminars, interviews,exhibitions, multimedia presentations, formulations, constructions andso on are the strategies proposed for transacting the learning outcomesin a learner centered experiential manner. The teacher has the freedomto employ any suitable strategy to transact a particular content area,provided she should ensure that the prescribed learning outcome isachieved by all the learners. Each learning activity should be designedin such a way that there is provision for continuous assessment topromote better learning. There should be slots for assessment aslearning and assessment for learning. The learning evidences or learningproducts should be clearly specified while framing the activities.Teacher should have a thorough planning to explore the maximumpossibilities of variegated learning resources especially ICT materialsfor making the learning more effective. There should also be provisionfor catering the academic needs of all children (gifted as well as CWSN).The parents and society have a crucial role in promoting the level oflearning of all children. For this, the teacher should explore allpossibilities for utilizing the resources of the community for enhancingbetter learning of all children.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The revised VHSE curriculum in ABFS demands well equipped andsophisticated infrastructural facilities in order to transact it in a mosteffective manner which is detailed below Resource repositories including interactive multimedia with smart

class rooms may be made available . Sufficient number of Laptops and accessories may be made

available for teachers as well as students. Facilities for online referencing for students should be ensured. A well equipped agro clinic & agro business centre may be

provided Fenced cultivable land, Irrigational facility and drainage facilities

are needed. As mechanization is essential in modern era, a custom hiring

centre may be established with small farm machineries. Agri KIOSK centers with touch screen facilities can be established

in each school as a part of farmer service. Poly house unit, Mist chamber, Rain Shelter, Micro irrigation unit,

Hi Tech Mushroom house, Vermi compost unit, Azolla Unit,Biocontrol Lab etc. can be established.

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Softwares like E - crop doctor for diagnosis of pest and diseases,KAU Fertulator for Fertilser calculation and software for landscape designing should be made available.

Essential plant protection chemicals, fertilizers, manures, shouldbe made available

Essential materials, tools and implements for cultivation practices,plant propagation, seedling production, plant protectionequipments and all other activities for the efficient functioning ofPTC.

A well equipped library with print rich references, periodicals,leaflets, pamphlets, journals etc. should be made available.

Updated IT Resources should be ensured in schools at easy accessof students and teachers.

Store room, work sheds & a room for functioning PTC unit shouldbe provided.

ASSESSMENT

The course exclusively focus on assessment as learning, assessment forlearning, assessment of learning as envisaged in the school curriculum.Continuous Assessment is given due importance as it promoteslearning and ensures the achievement of the prescribed learningoutcomes by all the students.I. The continuous assessment areas are detailed as follows

1. Process assessment2. Portfolio assessment3. Unit assessment

II. Practical evaluation is also proposed♦ Indoor practical works in labs♦ Field visit♦ Visits in production cum training centres♦ On the job training♦ Case studies♦ Demonstration

Practical record and vocational diary are considered as the records forpractical evaluation.III. Internship Evaluation

The vocational competence as well as the socio-emotional skills of thestudents is also to be evaluated and considered for certification.

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IV. Theory examination

Theory examination is also suggested as part of TE. It can be donethrough written examination with items of testing higher order mentalprocesses as well as depth of conceptual understanding.SYLLABUS

MODULE - 1AGRI FIELD TECHNIQUES1. Introductory Agriculture

Agriculture-definition, branches, milestones in agriculturedevelopment in India, Major crops in India and Kerala, Area,production and productivity of major crops in Kerala, ImportantAgricultural Institutions- teaching and research institutions, extensioncentres, agri based governement and semi government organisations.2. Agrometeorology

Meteorology-agricultural meteorology-definition, weather and climate,microclimate, meteorological observatory and instruments to measureweather elements, automated weather stations, weather forecasting,Crop seasons in India and Kerala, Monsoons in Kerala3. Soil health management

Soil profile, physical properties-soil structure and texture, Soils ofKerala-problem soils of Kerala , Soil acidity- liming materials, soilalkalinity and its amelioration, Soil erosion-definition, types of erosion-water erosion- Wind erosion- Soil and water conservation-agronomicmeasures- mulching, contour farming, strip cropping, alley cropping,multitier cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping, crop rotation,grass/fodder cultivation, cover cropping, zero tillage, biofencing/vegetative fencing. Engineering measures- Percolation pits/ soak pits,contour bunding, making basins around trees, trenches, bench terracing,check dams, gabions, inward and outward terracing, brushwood checkdams, gabion checkdams, artificial water holding structures andrenovation of existing bunds, weirs, sidewalls, geotextiles. Soilpollution- causes, practices to maintain soil health, Soil qualitymonitoring- Soil health card, Remote Sensing and GIS.

Tillage-definition and objectives, types and effects of tillage in soil- zerotillage, minimum tillage, primary and secondary tillage implements,and small farm machinery

Plant Nutrition- Essential elements-macro and micro, Functions,Deficiency and toxicity symptoms of N, P, K. Manures and fertilizers-classification, Organic manures- bulky and concentrated- FYM,compost, different composting methods, green manuring. Chemical

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fertilizers-straight, complex, mixed fertilizers, biofertilizers- examplesand use. Integrated Nutrient Management, Methods of fertilizerapplication, Calculation of fertilizer requirement, KAU Fertulator, Soilfertility evaluation- soil testing, plant tissue analysis-DRIS methods,critical levels in plants, rapid tissue test, indicator plants, biologicalmethods of soil fertility evaluation, Soil based plant nutrientmanagement information system. Organic farming and sustainableagriculture- Component of organic farming and their role in sustainablecrop production, nutrient management in organic farming, disease andpest management in organic farming.4. Irrigation technology

Irrigation-definition, methods of irrigation- surface, subsurface, microirrigation, special methods (drip, sprinkler, mist, bubbler, pivot),fertigation, chemigation, quality of irrigation water and itsmanagement, drainage- importance in crop production, Rainwaterharvesting-techniques and structures-ferrocement tank, percolationpits(emerging innovative models)5. Plant propagation techniques

Types of propagation-sexual propagation-seed- definition, qualities ofgood seed, classes of seed, sowing methods, seed propagation- seedbed preparation, hybrid seed propagation, vegetable seedlingproduction, portray seedling production. Seed testing- methods oftesting germination percentage. Asexual propagation methods -cutting, layering, budding, grafting, tissue culture, vegetable grafting6. Crop Pest management

Pest-definition, classification with examples, plant disease-commonsymptoms and pathogens, weeds-uses and harmful effects, dryland andwetland weeds, Plant protection methods, Biopharmacy, plantprotection chemicals and different formulations (emphasis to newgeneration pesticides), plant protection equipments, weedmanagement, E- Crop Doctor, Crop diagnostic centres.MODULE – 2CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY1. Agronomic classification of crops:

Cereals - Pulses - Millets -·Oil seeds -Tuber crops - Fruits - Vegetables- Spices and Condiments - Plantation crops - Medicinal and aromaticplants -Fibre crops -Sugar crops - Fodder crops - Narcotic crops -Green Manure crops.2. Farming system

Concept and different types of farming system with examples

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Their merits and demerits - Monocropping - Crop rotation - Intercropping - Mixed cropping - Ratoon cropping - Multi-tier cropping -Relay cropping - Mixed farming - Homestead farming.

Integrated Farming System-Concepts -Goals - Components –Mushroom,Vermiconpost, Azolla, Livestock, Poultry, Aquaculture, Biogas Plant- Advantages and disadvantages - Success Stories.3. Crop production Technology of Field crops

RICE

Climatic requirements - Soil - Season - Varieties (Include Recent varietiesand Geographic indexing) - Seed rate - Seed Treatment - Nurserypreparation - Wet – Dry – Dapog - Spacing - Fertilizer Recommendation- Common weeds in Rice fields - Kole, Pokkali, Kaipad cultivation -Transplanting – IPDM- System of Rice Intensification(SRI) techinique -Scope of farm Mechanization in rice cultivation and Post HarvestHandling-Value addition-Current Trends in Rice production(Foradditional information only)TAPIOCA

Climatic requirements - Soil - Varieties - Propagation - Mini settpropagation technique - Preparation of Land - Season and Planting -Manuring - Irrigation -Intercropping - Value addition - Pests andDiseases - Biopesticide from Tapioca. Current trends in Tapiocaproduction (For additional information only).FODDER CROPS

Guinea grass - Hybrid Napier - Congo Signal Grass - Subabul - Agathi- Stylo - Mention Silo, Silage, Haylage-Planting material-Fertilizerrecommendations-Harvesting -Yield-varieties.

4. Crop production Technology of Vegetables

Solanaceous vegetables.

Brinjal – Tomato – Chilli, Varieties -Seed rate -Spacing - Manuring - Pestand Diseases

Cucurbitaceous vegetables

Bitter gourd – Snake gourd - Bottle gourd – Ash gourd – Pumpkin –gherkins, Varieties - Seed rate - Spacing - Manuring - Pest and Diseases

Cool Season vegetables

Carrot – Cabbage – Cauliflower, Varieties - Seed rate- Spacing -Manuring - Pest and Diseases.

Amaranthus, Bhindi, Cow pea

Varieties - Seed rate- Spacing - Manuring -Pest and Diseases

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Kitchen garden, Terrace Cultivation

Current Trends in Vegetable Cultivation (for additional informationonly)

5. Crop production Technology of Plantation crops

COCONUT

Scientific name -Soil -Site selection -Important Cultivars /Hybrids -Coconut Nursery Techniques (Mother palm selection, seed nut storage,Coconut nursery preparation and seedling selection) - Cultivationpractices - Land Preparation - Planting - Spacing - Planting systems -Time of Planting - Irrigation – different techniques – drip irrigation-Weeding - Intercropping - Drought management - Husk burial -Mulching - Cover crops and green manure crops - Manuring. Plantprotection - Pests – Rhinoceros beetle, Redpalm weevil, Black headedCaterpillar, Eriophid mite, Nut crinkler. Diseases-Bud rot,Stembleeding, Rootwilt, Tanjore wilt - Management with specialemphasis on Biocontrol. Value addition - Different products made outof coconut-Current trends in coconut cultivation(for additionalinformation only)

b. RUBBER

Scientific name - Soil - Site selection - Important varieties/Clones -Nursery - Cultivation practices - Land Preparation - Planting clones –Planting distance, Pitting and refilling, Type of planting - Covercropping and Mulching – Manuring - Weeding - Use of rainguard -Tapping -Plant protection - Pests, Diseases -Abnormal leaf fall, Powderymildew, Pink disease-Value addition - Different products made out ofRubber -Current trends in Rubber and allied industries (for additionalinformation only)

PEPPER

Scientific name - Soil- Site selection - Important Varieties -Selection Ofmother plants - Raising rooted cuttings -Cultivation practices - LandPreparation - Planting vines- Spacing - Planting methods - Time ofPlanting - Irrigation - Weeding-Under planting - Manuring-Bushpepper. Plant protection - Pests - Pollu beetle, Marginal gall thrips -Diseases - Quick wilt, Anthracnose, Slow decline. Value addition -Different products made out of Pepper - Current trends (for additionalinformation only)

6. Crop production Technology of Fruits

BANANA

Scientific name - Soil - Site selection - Important Varieties - Suckerselection and preparation of suckers for planting - Cultivation practices- Land Preparation - Planting suckers - Spacing - time of Planting -

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Irrigation - Weeding - Intercropping - Manuring -Tissue culturetechniques in Banana -Leaf Banana cultivation. Plant protection - Pests– Pseudostem weevil, Rhizome weevil, Aphids, mealy bugs, skipperbutterfly- Diseases Bunchy top, Banana bract mosaic (Kokkan) -Sigatoka - Rhizome rot-Panama wilt. Value addition- Different productsmade out of Banana current trends in banana cultivation (for additionalinformation only)

MANGO

Scientific name - Soil -Season - Site selection - Propagation - ImportantVarieties - Cultivation practices - Land Preparation - Planting - Spacing-Time of Planting-Irrigation-Weeding- Intercropping - Manuring - HighDensity Planting in Mango. Plant protection - Pests – Stem borer, MangoHopper, Nut weevil, Fruit fly-Diseases-Powdery mildew, Anthracnose,Die back - Physiological disorders -Value addition - Different productsmade out of Mango -Current trends in Mango cultivation (for additionalinformation only)

PINE APPLE

Scientific name - Soil - Site selection - Important Varieties - Suckerselection and preparation of suckers for planting - Cultivation practices-Land Preparation - planting suckers - Spacing - Time of Planting -Irrigation - Weeding - Flowering induction - Manuring -Plant protection- Pests –Mealy bug - Diseases – Leaf spot - Value addition-Differentproducts made out of Pineapple.

7. Crop Production Technology of FlowersANTHURIUM

Varieties - Propagation - Planting and Potting media preparation -Fertilizer recommendation - Inter cultural Operation - Plant Protection- Harvesting.

ORCHID

Varieties - Propagation- Planting and Potting media preparation-Manuring - Intercultural Operation - Plant Protection - Harvesting.

ROSE

Classification –Varities-Propagation - Planting and Potting mixturepreparation - Manuring – Pruning- Plant protection -Harvesting -Packing and Marketing - Value added product – Rose oil.

JASMINE

Soil - Climate- Important Cultivars and varities - Propagation – RootingHormone - Land preparation - Spacing - Manuring - Irrigation - Pruning- Intercultural operation - Weed control - Pest and diseases - Valueadded products - Jasmine oil.

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8. Importance of Medicinal Plants in Kerala

Introduction – Common medicinal plants cultivated in Kerala with theircommon name, parts used, scope of medicinal plant cultivation inAyurveda.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After the completion of two modules, the learner will be able to;1.1.1 define agriculture and enumerate its branches and explain

the milestones in Agriculture development in India.1.1.2 explain the major crops in India and Kerala and calculate the

production and productivity of cultivated crops of Kerala.1.1.3 enlist the important Agricultural Teaching and Research

Institutions, Extension centers, and Commercial Agri- basedgovernment and semi government organisations.

1.2.1 define Agricultural meteorology, distinguish betweenweather and climate.

1.2.2 realise the use of meteorological observatories, handle theinstruments to measure weather elements.

1.2.3 get acquainted with the Automated Weather Stations .1.2.4 establish the relationship between weather forecasting and

cultivation of crops.1.2.5 analyse the rainfall data and identifies the monsoon seasons

in Kerala, relate it with agricultural seasons and prepare thecrop calendar.

1.3.1 explain soil profiles with relevant diagrams and experiencesoil structure and texture.

1.3.2 mention soils of Kerala and suggests crops suitable for eachtype of soil.

1.3.3 explore and explain the problem soils in Kerala and theirreclamation.

1.3.4 analyse soil acidity, soil alkalinity and apply remedialmeasures such as liming and amelioration respectively.

1.3.5 observe, make and present reports on the types of soilerosion and practise agronomic and engineering measures ofsoil and water conservation.

1.3.6 explore and make reports on the causes of soil pollution,check factors affecting soil health hazards and applymeasures to maintain soil health and interpret theinformation in a Soil Health Card.

1.3.7 familiarise remote sensing, GIS and its application.

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1.3.8 define Tillage and its types and share its objectives, andeffects of tillage in soil and classify tillage implements intoprimary and secondary and operate them.

1.3.9 describe small farm machinery and practise them in needycontexts.

1.3.10 explain plant nutrition, enlist the essential macro and microelements, the functions, deficiency and toxicity symptoms ofN,P, K.

1.3.11 classify manures and fertilizers and identify the need ofIntegrated Nutrient Management.

1.3.12 calculate Fertilizer Requirement using scientific methods,using soft wares like Fertulator and practise differentmethods of fertilizer application

1.3.13 prepare soil samples for testing, interpret the results andgive recommendations based on the result.

1.3.14 apply different methods for soil fertility evaluation such assoil testing, plant tissue analysis by DRIS method, criticallevel in plants, rapid tissue test, indicator plants andbiological method.

1.3.15 explain and prepare notes on soil based Plant NutrientManagement Information System, recognize the need oforganic farming and its role in sustainable crop production,nutrient management, disease and pest management.

1.3.16 realize the need and significance of sustainable agriculture.1.4.1 define irrigation, methods of irrigation such as surface, sub

–surface, microirrigation, and detail special methods suchas drip, sprinkler, mist, bubbler and pivot.

1.4.2 explain fertigation, chemigation and recognizes quality ofirrigation water and its management, drainage and itsimportance in crop production.

1.4.3 describe rain water harvesting techniques and structures-ferrocement tank, percolation pits and other emerginginnovative models.

1.5.1 identify types of propagation define seed and enumerate thequalities of good seed, classes of seed, sowing methods.

1.5.2 practise sexual propagation in plants, seed-bed preparation,vegetable seedling production, protray seedling production.

1.5.3 practise seed testing- methods of testing germinationpercentage.

1.5.4 practise asexual propagation methods in plants- cutting,layering, budding, grafting, tissue culture and vegetablegrafting.

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1.6.1 define pests, classify pests, describes plant diseases, theircommon symptoms and pathogens, weeds- uses andharmful effects, dry land and wet land weeds.

1.6.2 explain plant protection methods, Biopharmacy, plantprotection chemicals and their formulation and enlistpesticides in use with emphasis on new generation andbanned pesticides.

1.6.3 identify plant protection equipments, weed management, E-crop doctor and visit crop diagnostic centres.

2.1.1 explain different agronomic classes of crops and list out theirexamples

2.2.1 define different farming systems, their merits and demerits,with emphasis on IFS

2.2.2 explain mono cropping, crop rotation, intercropping, mixedcropping, ratoon cropping, multi tier cropping, relaycropping, mixed farming and home stead farming.

2.2.3 define IFS and share its goals and components, advantagesand disadvantages of different IFS models.

2.3.1 describe the climatic requirements, suitable soil and seasonfor rice cultivation.

2.3.2 explain the varieties of rice, recently released varieties andgeographic indexing.

2.3.3 identify and prepare notes on seed rate, seed treatment,nursery preparation (advanced and recently developedtechniques) transplanting and spacing.

2.3.4 describe and suggest fertilizer recommendation for effectiverice cultivation.

2.3.5 list out common weeds in rice fields, insect pests, diseasesand their management.

2.3.6 identify and prepare notes on Kole, Pokkali, and Kaippadcultivation of rice.

2.3.7 describe SRI (System of Rice Intensification Technique)2.3.8 explore and explain scope of farm mechanization in rice

cultivation and post harvest handling2.3.9 list out the important rice research stations in Kerala and

make notes on current trends in rice production.2.3.10 describe the varities, climatic requirements, suitable soil and

season for tapioca cultivation.2.3.11 identify and explain propagation and mini set tapioca

propagation techniques.

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2.3.12 explain the process of preparation of land, describe theseason and planting, manuring and irrigation, inter croppingrelated to tapioca cultivation.

2.3.13 list out insect pests, diseases and their management intapioca and enlist the bio pesticides made from tapioca.

2.3.14 familiarise with the current trends in tapioca production.2.3.15 enlist fodder crops such as Guinea Grass, Hybrid Napier,

Congo Signal Grass, Subabul, Agathi and Stylo withreference to important varieties , planting material, plantingmethods, fertilizer recommendations, harvesting and yield.

2.3.16 mention techniques of fodder preservation-Silo, Silage andHaylage.

2.4.1 identify and prepare chart on Solanaceous vegetables suchas brinjal, tomato, chilli, in terms of their varieties, seed rate,spacing, manuring, pests and diseases.

2.4.2 identify and prepare chart on Cucurbitaceous vegetablessuch as bitter gourd, snake gourd, bottle gourd, ash gourd,pumpkins and gherkins in terms of varieties, seed rate,spacing, manuring, pests and diseases.

2.4.3 identify and prepare chart on cool season vegetables such ascarrot, cabbage, cauliflower in terms of their varieties, seedrate, spacing, manuring, pests and diseases.

2.4.4 identify and prepare chart on amaranthus, bhindi, cowpea interms of their varieties, seed rate, spacing, manuring, pestsand diseases.

2.4.5 practise kitchen gardening and terrace cultivation.2.4.6 familiarize the current trends in vegetable cultivation and its

value addition.2.5.1 identify and explain the scientific name of coconut, soil

suitable for coconut crop production and site selection.2.5.2 list out important coconut cultivars, hybrids and coconut

nursery techniques.2.5.3 explain the cultivation practices of coconut in terms of land

preparation, planting seedlings, spacing, planting systems,time of planting, irrigation, weeding, manuring andintercropping.

2.5.4 explain the techniques for drought management such ashusk burial, mulching, and use of cover crops and greenmanure crops.

2.5.5 explain plant protection of coconut plants- identify pests,diseases and explain their management with specialemphasis on biocontrol.

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VHSE Curriculum

2.5.6 familiarize the current trends in coconut cultivation and itsvalue addition.

2.5.7 identify and explain the scientific name of rubber, soilsuitable for rubber crop production and site selection.

2.5.8 enlist the important varieties, clones of rubber and theirnursery.

2.5.9 explain the cultivation practices of rubber in terms of landpreparation, planting clones, cover cropping and mulching,weeding, manuring, use of rain guard and tapping.

2.5.10 explain plant protection of rubber- identify pests, diseaseswith special emphasis on abnormal leaf fall, powderymildew, pink disease.

2.5.11 familiarise the current trends in rubber and allied industries,different products and their value addition.

2.5.12 state the scientific name of pepper and explain soil suitablefor pepper crop production and site selection.

2.5.13 list out important varieties of pepper, describes the selectionof mother plants, and raising rooted cuttings.

2.5.14 explain the cultivation practices of pepper in terms of landpreparation, planting vines, spacing, planting methods, timeof planting, irrigation, weeding, manuring andunderplanting.

2.5.15 practise bush pepper propagation.2.5.16 explain plant protection of pepper, lists out its pests and

diseases.2.5.17 familiarize the current trends in pepper cultivation and list

out different products made out of pepper and its valueaddition.

2.6.1 identify the scientific name of banana, soil suitable for bananacrop production and site selection.

2.6.2 list out the important varieties of banana.2.6.3 describe sucker selection and preparation of suckers for

planting in banana.2.6.4 explain the cultivation practices of banana in terms of land

preparation, planting, spacing, time of planting, irrigation,weeding, manuring and intercropping.

2.6.5 familiarise the tissue culture techniques in banana and leafbanana cultivation.

2.6.6 explain the plant protection of banana, its pests and diseases.2.6.7 list out different products made out of banana and its value

addition.

Page - 70


2.6.8 familiarize with the scientific name of mango, soil suitablefor mango crop cultivation, season and site selection.

2.6.9 list out the important varieties of mango and theirpropagation.

2.6.10 familiarize with the cultivation practices of mango in termsof land preparation, planting, spacing, time of planting,irrigation, weeding, manuring and intercropping.

2.6.11 familiarize with the high density planting in mango.2.6.12 familiarize with plant protection in Mango and list pest and

diseases.2.6.13 familiarize with the current trends in mango cultivation and

list out different products made out of mango and its valueaddition.

2.6.14 familiarize with the scientific name of pine apple, soilsuitable for pine apple cultivation and site selection.

2.6.15 list out the important varieties of pine apple and explainsucker selection and preparation of suckers for planting.

2.6.16 familiarize with the cultivation practices of pine apple interms of land preparation, planting, spacing, time of planting,irrigation, weeding, manuring and flowering induction.

2.6.17 familiarize with the plant protection of pine apple, and listpests and diseases.

2.6.18 list out different products made out of pine apple and itsvalue addition.

2.7.1 describe the varieties of Anthurium, and its propagationmethods, planting and potting media preparation, fertilizerrecommendation, intercultural operation, plant protection,harvesting.

2.7.2 describe the varieties of orchid, and its propagation, plantingand potting media preparation manuring, interculturaloperation, plant protection, harvesting.

2.7.3 familiarize with the classification varieties of rose, itspropagation methods planting and potting mixturepreparation, manuring, pruning, plant protection, harvesting,packing and marketing, value added products and rose oil.

2.7.4 familiarize with the cultivars, varieties propagation of jasmine,rooting hormones, land preparation, spacing, manuring,irrigation, pruning, inter cultural operation, weed control, pests,diseases, yield and value added products and Jasmine oil.

2.8.1 familiarize with the importance of medicinal plants inKerala, list them out with their common name, parts usedand scope of medicinal plants in Ayurveda.

Page - 71

VHSE Curriculum

Scheme of Work

Sl. Month Unit Name Periods No.UnitNo. Weight

1 June Introductory Agriculture 16Agrometerology 18

2. July Soil Health Management 80

3. August Soil Health Management 4Irrigation Technology 42Plant Propagation Technique 26

4. September Plant Propagation Technique 54Crop Pest Management 26

5. October Crop Pest Management 74Agronomic Classification of Crops 6

6. November Agronomic Classification of Crops 1Farming System 16Crop production Technology of 63field crops

7. December Crop production Technology of 17field cropCrop production Technology of 51Vegetables

8. January Crop production Technology 9of VegetableCrop production Technology 65Plantation cropsCrop production Technology of 6fruit crops

9. February Crop production Technology of 34fruit cropsCrop production Technology of 46flowers

10 March Crop production Technology of 14flowersImportance of Medicinal Plants in 12Kerala

Page - 72


COURSE STRUCTURE

This course consists of 4 modules such as:

Sl .No Name of Module Total periods

1 Agri Field Techniques 340

2 Crop Production Technology 340

3 Farm Support Service 340

4 Agripreneurship Development 340

CLASS ROOM ACTIVITIES♦ Seminar♦ Group discussion♦ Quiz♦ Preparation of Posters and Charts♦ Project and workshops♦ Exhibitions♦ Multimedia presentation♦ Panel discussion♦ Interview with invited experts/ farmers in the classroom♦ Workshop♦ Role play♦ General discussion♦ Brainstorming♦ Debate♦ Slide show♦ Assignment♦ Animated CDs

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES♦ Indoor practical work in labs and outside field♦ Field visits♦ Production cum training centre♦ On the job training♦ Interaction with successful farmers at the farm site♦ Curriculum oriented case studies♦ Demonstration

Page - 73

VHSE Curriculum

ON THE JOB TRAINING

OJT refers to that component of vocational curricula which takes placein a real job situation under the supervision of an expert or in- plantsupervisor. It provides participation in the actual production of goodsand services. It prepares the student psychologically in developingentrepreneurship qualities.

It helps in continuous evaluation of the student's work and knowledge.The student is exposed to the latest technology and equipments. Thestudent finds the real feelings in taking instructions from the supervisor.It provides the student overall exposure and the use of material andmachinery. It leads to increased production of goods and services to theemployers at less cost.

Time : End of each module

Duration : 15 days per yearList of possible OJT Centres

GENERAL

♦ Various institutions under Kerala Agricultural University(Colleges, research stations)

♦ Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)♦ Krishi Bhavans♦ Central Government Institutions like CTCRI, CPCRI, IISR etc.♦ VFPCK centres♦ State Horticulture Mission♦ Master Farmer's Fields♦ Various Commodity Boards, Government of Kerala♦ District Seed Farms♦ Extension Training Centres♦ Various NGOs like Thanal, PASSS, Mithra Niketan, MSSRF♦ Various Private Nurseries (Atmanilayam Nursery Gardens

Cheruvarakkonam,Kuzhippallam Botanical Gardens Nellimoodu,Beena Nursery Vithura, Dreamland Garden Mukkoodu, kollam).

♦ Regional Agricultural Training and Testing Centres♦ Agro service centres♦ Soil testing labs♦ Safal markets♦ HORTICROP♦ Private Retail Malls

Page - 74


District wise OJT Centers

1. Thiruvananthapuram• Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden and Research

Institute (JNTBGRI), Palode• Biotechnology and Model Floriculture Centre (BMFC),

Kazhakkuttom• Rubber Board• Various NGOs like Thanal, PASSS, Mithra Niketan• Various Private Nurseries (Atmanilayam Nursery Gardens

Cheruvarakkonam, Kuzhippallam Botanical GardensNellimoodu, Beena Nursery Vithura)

• VFPCK - Thiruvananthapuram• RATTC - Vellayani

2. Kollam• KVK Sadanandapuram, Kottarakkara• FSRS Sadanandapuram, Kottarakkara• District Seed Farm, Kottukkal, Anchal• State Seed Farm, Kottarakkara• Cashew Farm, Kottarakkara• Extensiion Training Centre (ETC), Kottarakkara• Agro Industries, Neduvathoor, Kottarakkara• Institute of Watershed Development Management Kerala

(IWDMK), Chadayamangalam• Agro Fruits, Elambal, Punalur• Dreamland Garden, Mukkoodu, Kollam• Soil Testing Lab, Kureepuzha• Kripa Mushroom Farm, Kulakkada• Biogas Training Centre, KNNMVHSS (AC & ABC),

Pavithreswaram, Puthur.3. Pathanamthitta

• Pazhakulam Agroservice Society (PASS), Adoor• State Seed Farm, Munnalam, Adoor• Sugarcane Breeding Farm, Kadakkad, Pandalam• Bodhana Social Service Society, Thiruvalla• KVK, Thelliyoor, Pathanamthitta• Seed Farm, Pandalam

Page - 75

VHSE Curriculum

4. Alappuzha• CPCRI, Kayamkulam• Rice Research Station (RRS), Monkombu• Seed Farm, Veeyapuram• Bee keeping and Training Centre, Kottalammude• KVK, Kayamkulam• State Seed Farm, Mavelikkara• RARS, Kayamkulam

5. Kottayam• District Agriculture Farm, Kozha• KVK, Kumarakom• RARS, Kumarakom• VFPCK, Ettumanoor• JEYES Farm, Neendoor• Chaithanya (NGO), Kottayam

6. Idukki• Bapuji KVK, Santhanpara• Cardomom Research Station, Myladumpara• VFPCK, Thodupuzha, Adimali, Munnar, Kanthalloor,

Vattavada• Spice Board, Idukki

7. Ernakulam• Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station (AMPRS),

Odakkali.• Pineapple Research Station, Vazhakkulam• Coconut Development Board, Neriamangalam• Spices Board, Kochi• Nadukkara Agroprocessing Society (NAPC), Nadukkara• RATTC, Vytilla• Kinfra Park, Nellad• Parasite Breeding Station, Vytilla• Hafi orchids, Kalamassery• Sevashram (NGO), Ankamaly• Aiswarya Farm (NGO, Kalady• Grandma Pickles, Muvattupuza.

Page - 76


8. Thrissur• KVK, Mannuthy• State Biocontrol Lab, Mannuthy• Cashew Research Station, Madakkathara• Pineapple Research Station, Madakkathara• Banana Research Station, Kannara• Central Training Institute, Mannuthy• State Seed Farm, Pananchery and Nadavarambu• National Rose Garden, Vellanikkara• TEEOSE Gardens, Madakkathara• RAYIRATH Gardens, Pattikkad

9. Palakkad• IRTC, Mundur• Integrated Seed Development Farm, Eruthiampathy• Precision Farm, Perumatti• Sugarcane Breeding Research Institute (Sub center), Puthur• Seed Processing Plants, VFPCK, Alathoor• High Tech Diary Farm, Malampuzha,Dhoni

10. Malappuram• RARS, Aanakkayam

11. Kozhikode• Koothali Farm• IISR Kozhikode• KVK, Peruvannamoozhy, Kozhikode• Fruit Processing Center, Balussery

12. Kannur• KVK Kannur• Pepper Research Station, Panniyur• District Agricultural Farm, Thaliparamabu• Private Nurseries• Coconut Nursery, Polayad• Kinathy Farms, Kuthiparambu• Soil Testing Lab, Thaliparambu• Seed Farm, Vengad• Germplasm collection center, Kannur• Agromachinery Center, Chelod

Page - 77

VHSE Curriculum

• High Tech Farms, Pinarayi• RAIDCO, Kannur.

13. Kasaragod• CPCRI, Kasaragod• KVK, Kasaragod• College of Agriculture, Padannakkad• RARS, Pilicode• Agricultural Farm, Nileswar• State Seed Farm, Karanthakad, Kasaragod• Cashew Progeny Orchard, Gwalimukham• Private nurseries• Jenny flowers, Kasaragod• Mechirath Nursery, Kasaragod

14. Wayanad• MSSRF, Kalpille• RARS, Ambalavayal• KVK, Ambalavayal• Wayanad Social Service Society, Mananathavady• Private Nurseries• Hitech Farms

CERTIFICATION OF SKILLS IN EACH MODULE

Module I : Certificate in Agri Field Techniques

Module II : Certificate in Crop Production Technology

Module III : Certificate in Farm Support Service

Module IV : Certificate in Agripreneurship

OVERVIEW OF MODULE - 1

The first module “Agri field Techniques” aims to introduce the verybasic concepts needed in all agriculture and related job roles. Thismodule goes through basic Agri field techniques, weather advisoryservices, techniques in soil health management, micro irrigationtechniques and fertigation, advanced plant propagation techniquesincluding vegetable grafting and basic aspects of crop pestmanagement.

Page - 78


Expected Skills

♦ Understands the major crops in India and Kerala.♦ Identifies the use of meteorological equipments.♦ Observes and Classifies the major soils of Kerala, macro and micro

elements, their deficiency symptoms, manures and fertilizers.♦ Understands the need of organic farming and its role in

sustainable crop production.♦ Understands different methods of irrigation.♦ Understands the rain harvesting techniques.♦ Applies and practices methods of sexual and asexual

propagation.♦ Identifies major pests diseases and weeds of Kerala.♦ Applies and practices pest management measures.

Unit Name of the Unit Hours

1 Introductory agriculture 16

2 Agro meteorology 18

3 Soil health management 84

4 Irrigation technology 42

5 Plant propagation techniques 80

6 Crop pest management 100

Total 340

Page - 79

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

AG

RI F

IELD

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Agr

icul

ture

-def

init

ion,

br

anch

es,

mile

stone

s in a

gric

ultu

re de

velo

pmen

t in

Indi

aSK

ILL

S:•

Obs

erva

tion

•Ta

bula

tion

•I T

skill

sM

ajor

cro

ps in

Indi

a an

d K

eral

a, A

rea,

prod

uctio

n an

d pr

oduc

tivity

of

maj

orcr

ops

in K

eral

aSK

ILL

S:•

Obs

erva

tion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

Prac

tical

skill

Impo

rtan

t A

gric

ultu

ral

Inst

itutio

ns-

teac

hing

and

res

earc

h in

stitu

tions

,ex

tens

ion

cent

res

and

agri

base

d go

vt/

sem

i gov

t org

anisa

tions

.SK

ILLS

•Id

entif

icat

ion

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Infe

renc

e

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•de

fine a

gric

ultu

re an

d en

umer

ate i

tsbr

anch

es an

d ex

plai

n th

e mile

stone

sin

Agr

icul

ture

dev

elop

men

t in

Indi

a

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ca

lcul

ate

the

prod

ucti

on

and

prod

uctiv

ity o

f m

ajor

cro

ps

inK

eral

a

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•en

list

the

impo

rtant

Agr

icul

tura

lTe

achi

ng an

d R

esea

rch

Insti

tutio

ns,

Exte

nsio

n ce

nter

s, an

d Co

mm

erci

alA

gri-

base

d go

vern

men

t and

sem

igo

vern

men

t org

anisa

tions

.

•G

ener

al d

iscus

sion

(W),

•Br

ains

torm

ing

(W)

•Po

wer

poin

t pr

esen

tatio

n (G

)•

Tim

e lin

e (W

)

•Sl

ide

show

with

pho

togr

aphs

(W)

•Li

ve s

peci

men

s (I)

•Es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f cro

p m

useu

m (G

)•

Bar

dia

gram

sho

win

g co

mpa

rison

(G),

•M

ap o

f In

dia

and

Ker

ala

show

ing

area

of m

ajor

crop

s und

er cu

ltiva

tion

(G)

•Pr

oduc

tivity

calc

ulat

ion

(I)

•M

ap o

f K

eral

a an

d In

dia(

maj

orce

ntre

s)•

Tabl

e

•N

otes

•D

iscu

ssio

n po

ints

w

ith

cons

olid

atio

n•

Tree

dia

gram

•Q

uiz

•Li

st of

cro

ps in

tabu

lar f

orm

•Co

llect

ion

•Fi

eld

Dia

ry•

Prep

ared

bar

dia

gram

•A

ssig

nmen

t rep

ort-

calc

ulat

ion

of p

rodu

ctiv

ity

•M

atch

Boa

rd

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 80


Mod

ule

1 :

AG

RI F

IELD

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Met

eoro

logy

-agr

icul

tura

l met

eoro

logy

-de

finiti

on,

wea

ther

and

clim

ate

SKIL

LS•

Obs

erva

tion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

diffe

rent

iatio

n

mic

rocl

imat

e, m

eteo

rolo

gica

l obs

erva

-to

ry an

d in

strum

ents

to m

easu

re w

eath

erel

emen

ts, A

utom

ated

wea

ther

sta

tions

SKIL

LS•

Obs

erva

tion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•In

strum

enta

l ski

lls

wea

ther

fore

casti

ng, C

rop

seas

ons i

n In

-di

a an

d K

eral

a, M

onso

ons

in K

eral

aSK

ILLS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Clas

sific

atio

n•

Ana

lysis

•Ta

bula

tion

ThTh

e le

arne

r w

ill b

e ab

le to

:•

defin

e A

gric

ultu

ral

met

eoro

logy

,di

stin

guis

h be

twee

n w

eath

er a

ndcl

imat

e.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•re

alis

e th

e us

e of

met

eoro

logi

cal

obse

rvat

orie

s,

hand

le

the

inst

rum

ents

to

mea

sure

wea

ther

elem

ents

.•

get a

cqua

inte

d w

ith th

e Aut

omat

edW

eath

er S

tatio

ns.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•es

tabl

ish

the

rela

tions

hip

betw

een

wea

ther

fore

casti

ng a

nd c

ultiv

atio

nof

cro

ps.

•an

alys

e the

rain

fall

data

and

iden

tify

the

mon

soon

sea

sons

in

Ker

ala,

rela

te it

with

agr

icul

tura

l sea

sons

and

prep

are

the

crop

cal

enda

r.

•G

ener

al d

iscus

sion

(W)

•A

nim

ated

CD

s (W

)•

Pape

r cut

tings

of d

aily

wea

ther

repo

rt(G

)•

Col

lect

ion

of w

eath

er d

ata

(I)

•A

nim

ated

CD

s (W

)•

Col

lect

ion

of w

eath

er d

ata

•Vi

sit•

Mod

el o

f obs

erva

tory

& in

strum

ents

•G

ener

al D

iscus

sion

(W)

•C

olle

ctio

n of

rai

nfal

l dat

a, a

naly

sis

and

pres

enta

tion

(G)

•N

otes

•C

alen

dar p

repa

ratio

n of

maj

or c

rops

of th

e lo

calit

y (G

)

•Q

uiz

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Pres

enta

tion

•N

otes

•Q

uiz

with

pow

er p

oint

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Rep

ort

•vi

va-v

oce

•C

lass

test

•G

raph

•Pr

esen

tatio

n re

port

•M

atch

Boa

rd

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 81

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

AG

RI F

IELD

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Soil

prof

ile, p

hysic

al pr

oper

ties-

soil

struc

-tu

re a

nd te

xtur

e , S

oils

of K

eral

a-pr

ob-

lem

soils

of K

eral

aSK

ILL

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Iden

tific

atio

n•

Inte

rpre

tato

n•

Ana

lysis

•in

fere

nce

Soil

acid

ity- l

imin

g m

ater

ials

, soi

l alk

a-lin

ity an

d its

amel

iora

tion

SKIL

LS•

Obs

erva

tion

•A

naly

sis•

Clas

sific

atio

n•

Instr

umen

tal s

kills

Soil

eros

ion-

defin

ition

, typ

es o

f ero

sion-

wat

er e

rosio

n- W

ind

eros

ion-

Soi

l and

wat

er c

onse

rvat

ion-

agro

nom

ic m

ea-

sure

s- m

ulch

ing,

con

tour

farm

ing,

stri

pcr

oppi

ng, a

lley

crop

ping

, mul

titie

r cro

p-pi

ng, m

ixed

crop

ping

, inte

rcro

ppin

g, cr

opro

tatio

n, g

rass

/fodd

er c

ultiv

atio

n, c

over

crop

ping

, zer

o til

lage

, bio

fenc

ing/

veg

-et

ativ

e fe

ncin

g. E

ngin

eerin

g m

easu

res-

Perc

olat

ion

pits

/ so

ak p

its,

cont

our

bund

ing,

mak

ing

basi

ns a

roun

d tre

es,

trenc

hes,

benc

h te

rraci

ng, c

heck

dam

s,

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ex

plai

n so

il pr

ofile

s w

ith r

elev

ant

diag

ram

s an

d ex

peri

ence

soi

lstr

uctu

re a

nd te

xtur

e.•

men

tion s

oils

of K

eral

a and

sugg

ests

crop

s su

itabl

e to

eac

h ty

pe o

f soi

l.•

expl

ore

and

expl

ain

the

prob

lem

soils

in K

eral

a and

thei

r rec

lam

atio

n.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•an

alyse

soil -

acid

ity, s

oil -

alkali

nity

and

appl

ies

rem

edia

l mea

sure

s su

ch a

slim

ing a

nd am

elio

ratio

n res

pect

ivel

y.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ob

serv

e, m

ake

and

pres

ent

repo

rtson

the

typ

e of

soi

l er

osio

n an

dpr

actic

e agr

onom

ic an

d en

gine

erin

gm

easu

re

of

soil

an

d w

ater

cons

erva

tion.

•D

iagr

ams

(G)

•Po

wer

poi

nt p

rese

ntat

ion

(W)

•M

ap o

f Ker

ala

(G)

•C

hart

prep

arat

ion

(I)•

Col

lect

ion

of sa

mpl

es (I

)

•A

nim

ated

CD

s (W

)•

Dem

onst

ratio

n of

Spe

cim

ens

oflim

ing

mat

eria

ls an

d am

elio

rant

s (G

)•

Col

lect

ion

of so

il sa

mpl

e (G

)•

pH a

naly

sis a

nd c

orre

ctio

n (G

)

•A

nim

ated

CD

s (W

),•

Pow

er p

oint

pre

sent

atio

n (W

)

•Pr

epar

atio

n of

Mod

el•

Cla

ss T

est

•N

otes

•vi

va -v

oce

•Pr

esen

tatio

n

•C

lass

test

•Pr

esen

tatio

n

•Po

ster

pre

para

tion

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Exer

cise

pla

ntin

g

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 82


Mod

ule

1 :

AG

RI F

IELD

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

gabi

ons,

inw

ard

and

outw

ard

terra

cing

,br

ushw

ood

chec

k da

ms,

ga

bion

chec

kdam

s, a

rtif

icia

l w

ater

hol

ding

stru

ctur

es a

nd r

enov

atio

n of

exi

stin

gfu

nds,

wei

rs, s

idew

alls,

geo

text

iles

SKIL

LS•

Obs

erva

tion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

I T sk

ills

Soil

pollu

tion-

caus

es, p

ract

ices

to m

ain-

tain

soil

heal

th, S

oil q

ualit

y m

onito

ring-

Soil

heal

th c

ard,

Rem

ote

Sens

ing

and

GIS

.•

Obs

erva

tion

•A

naly

sis•

colle

ctio

n

Tilla

ge-d

efin

ition

and

obj

ectiv

es, t

ypes

and

effe

cts o

f till

age i

n so

il- ze

ro ti

llage

,m

inim

um ti

llage

, prim

ary

and

seco

ndar

ytil

lage

impl

emen

ts, s

mal

l far

m m

achi

n-er

ySK

ILLS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Clas

sific

atio

n•

Ana

lysis

"

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ex

plor

e an

d m

ake

repo

rts o

n th

eca

uses

of

soil

pollu

tion

, ch

eck

fact

ors a

ffect

ing

soil

heal

th h

azar

dsan

d ap

ply

mea

sure

s to

mai

ntai

n so

ilhe

alth

and

inte

rpre

t the

info

rmat

ion

in a

Soi

l Hea

lth C

ard,

fam

iliar

ise

rem

ote

sens

ing

and

GIS

.

The l

earn

er w

ill b

e abl

e to

:•

defin

e Till

age a

nd it

s typ

es an

d sh

are

its o

bjec

tives

, and

effe

cts o

f till

age i

nso

il and

clas

sify t

illag

e im

plem

ents

into

prim

ary

and

seco

ndar

y an

d op

erat

esth

em.

•de

scrib

e sm

all f

arm

mac

hine

ry a

ndpr

actis

e th

em in

nee

dy c

onte

xts.

•C

D s

how

(W),

•vi

deos

show

ing

cala

miti

es (W

)•

Col

lect

ion

of so

il he

alth

car

d (I)

•G

eote

xtili

ng (G

)•

strip

crop

ping

(G)

•C

ultiv

atio

n of

vet

iver

(G)

•C

D s

how

s (W

)•

CD

(K

AU

)(W

)•

slide

sho

w(W

)•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion

(W)

•Fi

eld

prep

arat

ion

•V

isit

to

RA

IDC

O,

KA

MC

O,

Agr

oind

ustr

ies,

K

arm

asen

a,A

gros

ervi

ce C

entre

s

•Po

ster

Pr

epar

atio

n•

Pres

enta

tion

•N

otes

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Ope

ratio

n of

Till

age

impl

emen

ts•

Rep

ort

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 83

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

AG

RI F

IELD

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

tPl

ant N

utrit

ion-

Ess

entia

l ele

men

ts-m

acro

-m

icro

, Fu

nctio

ns, D

efic

ienc

y an

d to

xici

tysy

mpt

oms o

f N, P

, K, M

anur

es an

d fer

tiliz

-er

s-cl

assif

icat

ion,

Org

anic

man

ures

- bul

kyan

d co

ncen

trate

d- F

YM

, com

post,

diff

er-

ent c

ompo

sting

met

hods

, gre

en m

anur

ing.

Che

mic

al f

ertil

izer

s-st

raig

ht, c

ompl

ex,

mix

ed fe

rtiliz

ers,

biof

ertil

izers-

exam

ples

and

use.

Int

egra

ted

Nut

rient

Man

agem

ent,

Met

hods

of f

ertil

izer

app

licat

ion,

Cal

cula

-tio

n of

fer

tiliz

er r

equi

rem

ent,

KA

UFe

rtula

tor

SKIL

L•

Obs

erva

tion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•A

naly

sisSo

il fe

rtilit

y eva

luat

ion-

soil

testi

ng, p

lant

tissu

e an

alys

is-D

RIS

met

hods

, crit

ical

leve

ls in

pla

nts,

rapi

d tis

sue t

ests,

indi

ca-

tor p

lant

s, bi

olog

ical

met

hods

of s

oil f

er-

tility

eval

uatio

n, S

oil b

ased

pla

nt n

utrie

ntm

anag

emen

t inf

orm

atio

n sys

tem

, org

anic

farm

ing

and

susta

inab

le a

gric

ultu

reSK

ILLS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Ana

lysis

•In

strum

enta

l ski

lls•

Prac

tical

skill

s

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ex

plain

plan

t nut

ritio

n, en

list t

he es

sent

ialm

acro

and

micr

o ele

men

ts, th

e fu

nctio

nsde

ficien

cy an

d tox

icity

sym

ptom

s of N

,P,K

.•

clas

sify

man

ures

and

fer

tiliz

ers

and

iden

tifie

s the

nee

d of

Inte

grat

ed N

utrie

ntM

anag

emen

t.•

calc

ulat

e Fe

rtiliz

er R

equi

rem

ent u

sing

scie

ntifi

c met

hods

, usin

g so

ft- w

ares

like

Fertu

lato

r and

pra

ctise

diff

eren

t met

hods

of fe

rtiliz

er ap

plic

atio

n

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•pr

epar

e soi

l sam

ples

for t

estin

g, in

terp

ret

the

resu

lts a

nd g

ive

reco

mm

enda

tions

base

d on

the

resu

lt.•

appl

y di

ffere

nt m

etho

ds fo

r soi

l fer

tility

eval

uatio

n suc

h as s

oil te

sting

, pla

nt tis

sue

anal

ysis

by D

RIS

met

hod.

•id

entif

y crit

ical

leve

l of n

utrie

nts i

n pla

nts

and

colle

cts

data

reg

ardi

ng b

iolo

gica

lm

etho

ds to

eva

luat

e so

il fe

rtilit

y su

ch a

sra

pid

tissu

e tes

ts, in

dica

tor p

lant

s.•

expl

ain

and

prep

are

note

s on

soi

l bas

edPl

ant N

utrie

nt M

anag

emen

t Inf

orm

atio

nSy

stem

, rec

ogni

ze th

e ne

ed o

f or

gani

cfa

rmin

g an

d its

role

in s

usta

inab

le c

rop

prod

uctio

n, nu

trien

t man

agem

ent, d

iseas

ean

d pe

st m

anag

emen

t.•

real

ize

the

need

and

sig

nific

ance

of

susta

inab

le a

gric

ultu

re.

•A

nim

ated

CD

(W

)•

Cha

rts (

G)

•CD

sho

w (W

)•

Gro

up D

iscus

sion

(G)

•Fa

mili

arisi

ng w

ith K

AU

fertu

lato

r(G

)•

Col

lect

ion

and

iden

tific

atio

n (I)

•vi

sit to

ferti

lizer

Dep

ot (W

)•

Visit

to fa

rmer

s fie

ld (W

)•

Ferti

lizer

calc

ulat

ion u

sing f

orm

ula

(I)

•Fi

eld

appl

icat

ion

(G)

•Vi

deos

(W

)•

Phot

ogra

phs

(W)

•Po

wer

poi

nt p

rese

ntat

ion

(W)

•Vi

deos

on

orga

nic

farm

ing

(W)

•C

olle

ctio

n of

soi

l sa

mpl

e an

dse

ndin

g to

soil

testi

ng la

b (G

)•

Visit

to so

il te

sting

lab

(W)

•Fi

eld

visit

(W)

•N

otes

•R

espo

nse

to i

nter

activ

em

edia

•En

list t

he c

omm

only

use

dm

anur

es&

ferti

lizer

s•

Cla

ss T

est

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Colle

ctio

n•

field

dia

ry•

Rep

ort

•C

alcu

latio

n of

ferti

lizer

s

•So

il sa

mpl

ing

•Vi

sit to

rese

arch

sta

tions

•O

n fie

ld e

xper

ienc

e

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 84


Mod

ule

1 :

AG

RI F

IELD

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Irrig

atio

n-de

finiti

on, m

etho

ds o

f irri

gatio

n-su

rface

, sub

surfa

ce (d

efin

ition

and e

xam

ples

only

), m

icro

irrig

atio

n, s

peci

al m

etho

ds-in

deta

il (d

rip, s

prin

kler

, mist

, bub

bler

, piv

ot)

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

com

mun

icat

ion

Ferti

gatio

n, c

hem

igat

ion,

qua

lity

of ir

riga-

tion

wat

er a

nd it

s m

anag

emen

t, dr

aina

ge-

impo

rtanc

e in

cro

p pr

oduc

tion

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Com

mun

icat

ion

Rai

nwat

er h

arve

stin

g-te

chni

ques

and

stru

ctur

es-f

erro

cem

ent

tank

, per

cola

tion

pits(

emer

ging

inno

vativ

e mod

els)

SKIL

LS

•R

efer

ence

•Co

mm

unic

atio

nTy

pes

of p

ropa

gatio

n-se

xual

pro

poga

tion-

seed

- de

finiti

on, q

ualit

ies

of g

ood

seed

,cl

asse

s of s

eed,

sow

ing

met

hods

, se

ed b

edpr

epar

atio

n, v

eget

able

seed

ling

prod

uctio

n,po

rtray

see

dlin

g pr

oduc

tion,

see

d te

sting

-m

etho

ds o

f tes

ting

germ

inat

ion

perc

enta

geSK

ILL

S•

Obs

erva

tion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

clas

sific

atio

n

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•de

fine i

rriga

tion,

meth

ods o

f irri

gatio

n suc

has

surfa

ce, s

ub -s

urfa

ce, m

icro

- irri

gatio

n,an

d de

tail

spec

ial m

etho

ds s

uch

as d

rip,

sprin

kler

, mist

, bub

bler

and p

ivot

.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ex

plai

n fe

rtiga

tion,

che

mig

atio

n an

dre

cogn

ize

qual

ity o

f irri

gatio

n w

ater

and

its m

anag

emen

t, dr

aina

ge a

nd i

tsim

porta

nce i

n cr

op p

rodu

ctio

n

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•de

scrib

e rai

n wat

er ha

rves

ting t

echn

ique

san

d st

ruct

ures

-fer

roce

men

t ta

nk,

perc

olat

ion

pits

and

oth

er e

mer

ging

inno

vativ

e mod

els.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•id

entif

y ty

pes

of p

ropa

gatio

n de

fine

seed

and

enu

mer

ate

the

qual

ities

of

good

see

d, c

lass

es o

f se

ed,

sow

ing

met

hods

.•

prac

tise

sexu

al p

ropa

gatio

n in

pla

nts,

seed

-bed

pr

epar

atio

n,

vege

tabl

ese

edlin

g pr

oduc

tion,

pro

tray

seed

ling

prod

uctio

n.•

prac

tise s

eed

testi

ng- m

etho

ds o

f tes

ting

germ

inat

ion

perc

enta

ge.

•A

nim

ated

CD

(W

)•

Mod

el (G

)•

Insta

llatio

n of

irrig

atio

n un

its (G

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit to

esta

blish

ed ir

rigat

ion

units

(W)

•D

iscus

sion

(G)

•Vi

deos

and

ani

mat

ed C

D (W

)•

Wor

king

mod

els (

G)

•V

isit

to n

earb

y RW

har

vest

ing

stru

ctur

es (

W)

•A

nim

ated

CD

(W

)•

Col

lect

ion

of l

abel

s of

diff

eren

tse

ed c

lass

es (

G)

•Fl

ow c

hart.

(I)

•Se

lect

ion

of s

eeds

hav

ing

good

qual

ity

from

a

lot

thro

ugh

obse

rvat

ion

(G)

•Fi

eld

expe

rienc

e (G

)•

Seed

bed

pre

para

tion

(G)

•M

etho

ds o

f te

stin

g ge

rmin

atio

npe

rcen

tage

(I)

•In

stal

latio

n of

irrig

atio

nun

its•

Not

es

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Exer

cise

•R

epor

t

•N

otes

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Exer

cise

•R

epor

t

•N

otes

•R

espo

nse

to i

nter

activ

em

edia

•En

list t

he co

mm

only

used

seed

s•

Cla

ss T

est

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Colle

ctio

n•

field

dia

ry•

Rep

ort

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 85

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

1 :

AG

RI F

IELD

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Ase

xual

pro

paga

tion

met

hods

- cut

ting,

lay-

erin

g, b

uddi

ng, g

rafti

ng, t

issue

cultu

re, v

eg-

etab

le g

rafti

ng•

Obs

erva

tion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•Pr

actic

al sk

ills

•In

strum

enta

l ski

llsPe

st-d

efin

ition

, cl

assi

fica

tion

with

ex-

ampl

es, p

lant

dise

ase-

com

mon

sym

ptom

san

d pa

thog

ens,

wee

ds-u

ses a

nd h

arm

ful e

f-fe

cts,

dryl

and

and

wet

land

wee

dsSK

ILLS

•Id

entif

icat

ion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n

Plan

t pr

otec

tion

met

hods

, Bio

phar

mac

y,pl

ant p

rote

ctio

n che

mic

als a

nd di

ffere

nt fo

r-m

ulat

ions

(em

phas

is t

o ne

w g

ener

atio

npe

stic

ides

), pl

ant p

rote

ctio

n eq

uipm

ents

,w

eed

man

agem

ent,

E- C

rop

Doc

tor,

Crop

diag

nosti

c ce

ntre

s.•

Obs

erva

tion

•Id

entif

icat

ion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•R

efer

ence

ski

ll•

Prac

tical

skill

s

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•pr

actis

e as

exua

l pro

paga

tion

met

hods

in p

lant

s- c

uttin

g, l

ayer

ing,

bud

ding

,gr

aftin

g, ti

ssue

cul

ture

and

veg

etab

legr

aftin

g.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•de

fine

pest

s, c

lass

ify p

ests

, des

crib

epl

ant d

iseas

es, t

heir

com

mon

sym

ptom

san

d pa

thog

ens,

wee

ds-

uses

and

harm

ful e

ffect

s, dr

y la

nd a

nd w

et la

ndw

eeds

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ex

plai

n pl

ant

prot

ectio

n m

etho

ds,

Bio

phar

mac

y,

plan

t pr

otec

tion

chem

ical

s an

d th

eir

form

ulat

ion

and

enlis

t pes

ticid

es in

use

with

em

phas

ison

ne

w

gene

rati

on

and

bann

edpe

stic

ides

.•

iden

tify

plan

t pro

tect

ion

equi

pmen

ts,

wee

d m

anag

emen

t, E-

cro

p do

ctor

and

visit

cro

p di

agno

stic

cent

res.

•A

nim

ated

CD

(W

)•

Dem

onstr

atio

n (I)

•D

iscus

sion

(W)

•Po

wer

Poi

nt P

rese

ntat

ion

(W)

•Fi

eld

visit

(W)

•Pr

epar

atio

n of

her

bariu

m (I

)•

Col

lect

ion

of li

ve sp

ecim

ens (

I)

•D

iscus

sion

(W)

•A

nim

ated

CD

s (W

)•

Fam

ilia

risa

tion

w

ith

diff

eren

tfo

rmul

atio

ns (W

)•

Pow

er p

oint

pre

sent

atio

n (W

)•

Fam

iliar

isatio

n of

E-c

rop

doct

or fr

omw

ebsit

es (

G)

•Vi

sit to

pes

ticid

e sh

op (W

)•

Prep

arat

ion

of b

otan

ical

pes

ticid

es an

dfu

ngic

ides

(G)

•Fa

mili

aris

atio

n of

pla

nt p

rote

ctio

neq

uipm

ents-

wor

king

and

mai

nten

ance

(G)

•Se

tting

up

of c

rop

diag

nosti

c ce

ntre

sin

scho

ol (W

)

•N

otes

•Ex

erci

se

•N

otes

•H

erba

rium

•In

sect

box

•C

harts

•C

lass

test

•Ex

erci

se

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 86


PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES- MODULE I

• Live specimens

• establishment of crop museum

• Bar diagram showing comparison

• Map of India and Kerala showing maximum and minimumtemperature

• Area of major crops under cultivation

• Productivity calculation

• Map of Kerala and India(major institutions)

• Table of important institutions related to agriculture

• Collection of weather data

• Visit to observatory

• Model of observatory & instruments

• Notes based on visit

• Calendar preparation of major crops of the locality

• Chart preparation soil profile and soils of Kerala

• Soil sample collection

• pH analysis and amelioration of problem soil

• Geotextiling

• Strip cropping

• Cultivation of vetiver

• Collection of soil sample and sending to soil testing lab.

• Visit to soil testing lab

• Field preparation with small farm machinary

• Visit to RAIDCO, KAMCO, Agroindustries, Karmasena,Agroservice Centres

• Collection of Live specimens

• Collection and identification of fertilizers

• Visit to fertilizer Depot

• Visit to farmers field

Page - 87

VHSE Curriculum

• Fertilizer calculation using formula

• Field application

• Field visit

• Installation of irrigation units

• Field visit to established irrigation units

• Working models

• Visit to nearby rain water harvesting structures

• Selection of seeds having good quality from a lot throughobservation

• Field experience

• Seed bed preparation

• Methods of testing germination percentage

• Preparation of herbariums

• Visit to Pesticide shop

• Familiarisation with various formulations

• Preparation of Botanical pesticides and Bio pesticides

• Familiarisation with Plant Protection equipments using livemodels

• Setting up of crop diagnostic centers at School

OVERVIEW OF MODULE - 2

Crop Production Technology

The second module Crop Production Technology gives importance oncultivation aspects of major crops of Kerala. This module impartscapacity of crop production techniques including their latest trends.Familiarization of different cropping systems including the “ IntegratedFarming System” is also aimed at.

Expected Skills

♦ Identifies different classes of crops

♦ Observes and understands different farming systems

♦ Understands the different crop production technologies of fieldcrops like rice, tapioca and fodder crops.

Page - 88


♦ Applies and practices different crop production technologies ofvegetables

♦ Understands the different crop production technologies ofcoconut, rubber and pepper

♦ Understands the different crop production technologies of fruitplants like mango and applies in plants like banana and pineapple

♦ Familiarise with the different crop production technologies ofornamental flowers like orchid, anthurium, jasmine and rose.

♦ Familiarise with different medicinal plants of economicimportance

Unit No Name of the Units Hours

1 Classification of crops 7

2 Farming system 16

3 Crop production technology of field crops 80and fodder crops

4 Crop production technology of vegetables 60

5 Crop production technology of Plantation Crops 65

6 Crop production technology of fruits 40

7 Crop production technology of Flowers 60

8 Importance of medicinal plants in Kerala 12

Total 340

Page - 89

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Agr

onom

ic c

lass

ifica

tion

of c

rops

SKIL

LS•

Obs

erva

tion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n

Con

cept

- di

ffere

nt ty

pes o

f far

m-

ing

syste

mSK

ILL

S•

Obs

erva

tion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•A

naly

sis

Diff

eren

t typ

es of

crop

ping

syste

ms

SKIL

LS

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•A

naly

sis•

Obs

erva

tion

Inte

grat

ed f

arm

ing

syste

ms

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Clas

sific

atio

n•

Com

mun

icat

ion

•A

naly

sis

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ex

plai

n di

ffere

nt a

gron

omic

cla

sses

of c

rops

and

list o

ut th

eir e

xam

ples

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•de

fine d

iffer

ent f

arm

ing

syste

ms,

thei

r mer

its an

dde

mer

its, w

ith e

mph

asis

on IF

S

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•ex

plai

n m

ono

crop

ping

, cr

op

rota

tion

,in

terc

ropp

ing,

mix

ed c

ropp

ing,

rato

on c

ropp

ing,

mul

ti tie

r cro

ppin

g, re

lay c

ropp

ing,

mix

ed fa

rmin

g,ho

me

stead

farm

ing.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•de

fine

IFS

and

shar

es it

s go

als

and

com

pone

nts,

adva

ntag

es a

nd d

isad

vant

ages

of

diff

eren

t IFS

mod

els

•In

tera

ctiv

e se

ssio

n (G

)•

Bra

in st

orm

ing

(W)

•Se

tting

up

Cro

p C

afet

eria

(G)

•Sp

ecim

en C

olle

ctio

n (I)

•H

erba

rium

(I)

•Se

ed C

olle

ctio

n (I)

•Ex

hibi

tion (

G)

•V

ideo

sho

win

g di

ffer

ent

farm

ing

syst

ems

(W)

•D

iscus

sion

(G)

•L

ayou

t pr

epar

atio

n an

d re

port

pres

enta

tion

(G)

•Fi

eld

visit

(W)

•D

ebat

e (G

)•

Ani

mat

ed C

D s

how

(W

)•

Disc

ussio

n (G

)•

Iden

tific

atio

n of

the

give

n la

yout

(G)

•Pp

t (W

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit (W

)•

Farm

visi

t (W

)•

Colle

ction

of ph

otos

and p

aper

cutti

ngs (

I)•

Vide

o sh

ow o

n IF

S (W

)•

Gen

eral

disc

ussio

n (W

)•

Rol

e pl

ay (G

)

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal D

iary

•Pr

actic

al R

ecor

d•

Tabl

e pr

epar

atio

n

•U

nit t

est

•Vo

catio

nal D

iary

•Pr

actic

al R

ecor

d•

Mod

el p

repa

ratio

n

•U

nit t

est

•Vo

catio

nal D

iary

•Pr

actic

al R

ecor

d•

Pres

enta

tion

•U

nit t

est

•Vo

catio

nal D

iary

,•

Mod

el p

repa

ratio

n•

Prac

tical

Rec

ord

•Q

uiz

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 90


The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•de

scrib

e th

e cl

imat

ic r

equi

rem

ents,

sui

tabl

e so

ilan

d se

ason

for r

ice

culti

vatio

n.•

expl

ain

the

varie

ties

of r

ice,

rec

ently

rel

ease

dva

rietie

s and

geo

grap

hic

inde

xing

.•

iden

tify

and

prep

are

note

s on

see

d ra

te, s

eed

treatm

ent, n

urse

ry pr

epar

ation

(adv

ance

d and

rece

ntly

deve

lope

d tec

hniq

ues)

trans

plan

ting

and

spac

ing

•de

scrib

e an

d su

gges

t fer

tiliz

er r

ecom

men

datio

nfo

r effe

ctiv

e ric

e cu

ltiva

tion.

•Li

st ou

t com

mon

wee

ds in

rice

fiel

ds, i

nsec

t pes

ts,di

seas

es a

nd th

eir

man

agem

ent.

•Id

entif

iy a

nd p

repa

re n

otes

on

Kole

, Pok

kali,

and

Kaip

pad

culti

vatio

n of

ric

e.•

desc

ribe

SRI

(Sys

tem

of

Ric

e In

tens

ifica

tion

Tech

niqu

e)•

expl

ores

and

expl

ain

scop

e of f

arm

mec

hani

zatio

nin

rice

culti

vatio

n an

d po

st ha

rves

t han

dlin

g•

list o

ut th

e im

porta

nt ri

ce re

sear

ch st

atio

ns in

Ker

ala

and m

ake n

otes

on cu

rrent

tren

ds in

rice

prod

uctio

n.Th

e le

arne

r wi

ll be

abl

e to

:•

desc

ribe

the

var

ietie

s cl

imat

ic r

equi

rem

ents

,su

itabl

e so

il an

d se

ason

for t

apio

ca c

ultiv

atio

n.•

iden

tify

and

expl

ain

prop

agat

ion

and

min

i set

tta

pioc

a pr

opag

atio

n te

chni

ques

.•

expl

ain

the p

roce

ss o

f pre

para

tion

of la

nd, d

escr

ibe

the

seas

on a

nd p

lant

ing,

man

urin

g an

d irr

igat

ion,

inte

r cro

ppin

g re

late

d to

tapi

oca c

ultiv

atio

n.•

Lis

t ou

t in

sect

pes

ts,

dise

ases

and

the

irm

anag

emen

t in

tap

ioca

and

enl

ist

the

bio

pesti

cide

s m

ade

from

tapi

oca.

•Fa

mili

arise

the c

urre

nt tr

ends

in ta

pioc

a pro

duct

ion.

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

tCr

op p

rodu

ctio

n te

chno

logy

of r

ice

SKIL

LS

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Ana

lysis

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fTa

pioc

aSK

ILL

S•

Com

mun

icat

ion

•A

naly

sis•

Infe

renc

e•

Clas

sific

atio

n•

obse

rvat

ion

•M

appi

ng (G

)•

Gen

eral

Disc

ussio

n (W

)•

CDs

(W

)•

PPT

(W

)•

Gro

up D

iscus

sion

(G)

•D

ebat

e (G

)•

Map

of K

eral

a sh

owin

g ric

e re

sear

chsta

tions

(W

)•

Inte

ract

ion

with

Ric

e G

row

ers

(G)

•Fi

eld

visit

(W

)•

Dem

onstr

atio

n (G

)•

Spe

cim

en C

olle

ctio

n A

lbum

(I)

• F

ield

visi

t (W

)

•C

Ds(

CTC

RI)

(W

)•

Gen

eral

Disc

ussio

n (W

)•

Gro

up d

iscus

sion

(G)

•Fi

eld

visit

(W)

•Se

min

ar (I

)•

Plan

ting

in tr

ays a

t sch

ool (

G)

•In

tera

ctio

n w

ith c

assa

va c

ultiv

ator

s(G

)

•U

nit t

est

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Pr

actic

al R

ecor

d•

Colle

ctio

n•

Her

bariu

m•

Alb

um•

Viva

voc

e

•Q

uiz

•U

nit t

est

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Se

min

ar r

epor

t•

Exer

cise

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 91

VHSE Curriculum

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fFo

dder

cro

psSK

ILL

S•

Obs

erva

tion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

Tabu

latio

n

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fve

geta

bles

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Clas

sific

atio

n•

Ana

lysis

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

Crea

tivity

skill

s

Kitc

hen

gard

enin

g an

d te

rrac

ega

rden

ing

SKIL

LS

•Pr

actic

al sk

ills

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Com

mun

icat

ion

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•En

list f

odde

r cro

ps su

ch as

Gui

nea G

rass

, Hyb

ridN

apie

r, C

ongo

Sig

nal G

rass

, Sub

abul

, Aga

thi a

ndSt

ylo

with

ref

eren

ce t

o im

porta

nt v

arie

ties

,pl

antin

g m

ater

ial,

ferti

lizer

rec

omm

enda

tions

,ha

rves

ting

and

yiel

d.•

Men

tion

tech

niqu

es o

f fod

der p

rese

rvat

ion-

Silo

,Si

lage

and

Hay

lage

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•Id

enti

fy a

nd p

repa

re c

hart

s So

lana

ceou

sve

geta

bles

such

as b

rinja

l, to

mat

o, ch

illi,

in te

rms

of th

eir

varie

ties,

seed

rat

e, s

paci

ng, m

anur

ing,

inse

cts,

pests

and

dise

ases

.•

Iden

tify

culti

vatio

n pr

actic

es o

f C

ucur

bita

ceou

sve

geta

bles

suc

h as

bitt

er g

ourd

, sna

ke g

ourd

,bo

ttle g

ourd

, ash

gou

rd, p

umpk

ins a

nd g

herk

ins i

nte

rms

of v

arie

ties,

seed

rate

, spa

cing

, man

urin

g,in

sect

s pe

sts a

nd d

iseas

es.

•Id

enti

fy a

nd p

repa

re c

hart

s co

ol s

easo

nve

geta

bles

suc

h as

car

rot,

cabb

age,

cau

li flo

wer

in t

erm

s of

the

ir va

rietie

s, se

ed r

ate,

spa

cing

,m

anur

ing,

inse

cts,

pests

and

dise

ases

.•

iden

tify

and

prep

are c

hart

on am

aran

thus

, bhi

ndi,

cow

pea

in t

erm

s of

the

ir va

rietie

s, s

eed

rate

,sp

acin

g, m

anur

ing,

pes

ts an

d di

seas

es.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•Pr

actic

e kitc

hen

gard

enin

g an

d te

rrace

culti

vatio

n.•

Fam

iliar

ize c

urre

nt tr

ends

in v

eget

able

culti

vatio

nan

d its

val

ue ad

ditio

n.

•Po

wer

Poi

nt P

rese

ntat

ion

(I)•

Fie

ld v

isit (

W)

•C

olle

ctio

n of

pap

er c

uttin

gs (I

)

•G

ener

al d

iscus

sion

usin

g ch

art (

W)

•Vi

deo

show

(W)

•PP

T (W

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit (W

)•

Prep

arin

g ch

art (

I)•

Vege

tabl

e ca

rvin

g (G

)•

Fiel

d w

ork

(G)

•Vi

deo

show

(W)

•G

ener

al D

iscus

sion

(W)

•C

ase

study

(G

)

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•H

erba

rium

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Q

uiz

•U

nit t

est

•Ta

ble

prep

arat

ion

•R

ecor

d•

Voca

tiona

l dia

ry•

Pres

enta

tion

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 92


Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

•Q

uiz

•U

nit t

est

•Se

min

ar,

•pa

per c

uttin

gs•

Ass

ignm

ent

•Pr

actic

al r

ecor

ds•

Viva

voc

e•

Exer

cise

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Ass

ignm

ent

•Vi

va v

oce

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•Id

entif

y and

expl

ain t

he sc

ient

ific n

ame o

f coc

onut

,so

il su

itabl

e fo

r coc

onut

cro

p pr

oduc

tion

and

site

sele

ctio

n•

List

out i

mpo

rtant

coc

onut

cul

tivar

s hy

brid

s an

dco

conu

t nur

sery

tech

niqu

es.

•Ex

plai

n th

e cu

ltiva

tion

prac

tices

of

coco

nut i

nte

rms

of l

and

prep

arat

ion,

pla

ntin

g se

edlin

gs,

spac

ing,

pla

ntin

g sy

stem

s, t

ime

of p

lant

ing,

irrig

atio

n, w

eedi

ng, m

anur

ing

and

inte

rcro

ppin

g..

•Ex

plai

n th

e te

chni

ques

for d

roug

ht m

anag

emen

tsu

ch a

s hu

sk b

uria

l, m

ulch

ing,

and

use

of c

over

crop

s an

d gr

een

man

ure

crop

s•

expl

ain

plan

t pr

otec

tion

of c

ocon

ut p

lant

s-id

entif

ies

pest

s, d

isea

ses

and

expl

ain

thei

rm

anag

emen

t with

spec

ial e

mph

asis

on b

ioco

ntro

l.•

Fam

iliar

ize t

he cu

rrent

tren

ds in

coco

nut c

ultiv

atio

nan

d its

val

ue ad

ditio

n

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•Id

entif

y an

d ex

plai

n th

e sci

entif

ic n

ame o

f rub

ber,

soil

suita

ble

for r

ubbe

r cro

p pr

oduc

tion

and

site

sele

ctio

n•

Enlis

t the

impo

rtant

var

ietie

s, cl

ones

of r

ubbe

r and

thei

r nur

sery

Mod

ule

2 :

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fC

ocon

utSK

ILL

S•

Obs

erva

tion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fru

bber

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Ana

lysis

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•G

ener

al d

iscus

sion

usin

g ch

art (

W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Vide

o sh

ows

(W)

•A

rticl

es a

nd P

ublic

atio

ns (I

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit (W

)

•G

ener

al d

iscus

sion

usin

g ch

art (

W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Vide

o sh

ows

(W)

•Fi

eld

visit

(W)

•A

rticl

es a

nd P

ublic

atio

ns (I

)

Page - 93

VHSE Curriculum

•Ex

plai

n th

e cu

ltiva

tion

prac

tices

of r

ubbe

r in

term

s of

land

pre

para

tion,

pla

ntin

g cl

ones

, cov

er c

ropp

ing

and

mul

chin

g, w

eedi

ng, m

anur

ing,

use

of r

ain

guar

d an

dta

ppin

g.•

fam

iliar

ize p

lant

pro

tect

ion

of ru

bber

- ide

ntifi

es p

ests,

dise

ases

with

spe

cial

em

phas

is on

abn

orm

al le

af fa

ll,po

wde

ry m

ildew

, pin

k di

seas

e.•

Fam

iliar

ize

the

curr

ent

trend

s in

rub

ber

and

allie

din

dustr

ies,

diffe

rent

pro

duct

s and

thei

r val

ue a

dditi

on.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•st

ate

the

scie

ntifi

c na

me

of p

eppe

r an

d ex

plai

n so

ilsu

itabl

e fo

r pep

per c

rop

prod

uctio

n an

d sit

e se

lect

ion

•lis

t out

impo

rtant

var

ietie

s of

pep

per,

desc

ribes

the

sele

ctio

n of

mot

her p

lant

s, an

d ra

ising

root

ed cu

tting

s.•

expl

ain

the

culti

vatio

n pr

actic

es o

f pep

per i

n te

rms o

fla

nd p

repa

ratio

n, p

lant

ing

vine

s, sp

acin

g, p

lant

ing

met

hods

, tim

e of p

lant

ing,

irrig

atio

n, w

eedi

ng, m

anur

ing

and

unde

rpla

ntin

g.•

prac

tise

bush

pep

per p

ropa

gatio

n•

expl

ain

plan

t pro

tect

ion

of p

eppe

r, lis

ts ou

t its

pests

and

dise

ases

.•

fam

iliar

ize t

he cu

rrent

tren

ds in

pep

per c

ultiv

atio

n an

dlis

ts ou

t diff

eren

t pro

duct

mad

e ou

t of p

eppe

r and

its

valu

e add

ition

.

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

t

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fpe

pper

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Ana

lysis

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

Prac

tical

wor

k

•G

ener

al di

scus

sion u

sing c

hart

(W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Vide

o sh

ows

(W)

•A

rticl

es a

nd P

ublic

atio

ns (I

)•

Fiel

d w

ork

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Pape

r cu

tting

s

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 94


The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•id

entif

y an

d ex

plai

n th

e sc

ient

ific

nam

e of

ban

ana,

soil

suita

ble

for b

anan

a cr

op p

rodu

ctio

n an

d sit

e se

lect

ion.

•Li

st ou

t the

impo

rtant

var

ietie

s of

ban

ana.

•D

escr

ibe

suck

er se

lect

ion

and

prep

arat

ion

of su

cker

sfo

r pla

ntin

g in

ban

ana.

•ex

plai

n th

e cu

ltiva

tion

prac

tices

of b

anan

a in

term

s of

land

pre

para

tion,

pla

ntin

g, s

paci

ng, t

ime

of p

lant

ing,

irrig

atio

n, w

eedi

ng, m

anur

ing

and

inte

rcro

ppin

g.•

fam

iliar

ize t

he ti

ssue

cultu

re te

chni

ques

in b

anan

a and

leaf

ban

ana

culti

vatio

n.•

Expl

ain th

e plan

t pro

tectio

n of b

anan

a, its

pests

and d

iseas

es.

•Li

st ou

t diff

eren

t pro

duct

s mad

e ou

t of b

anan

a an

d its

valu

e add

ition

.Th

e le

arne

r wi

ll be

abl

e to

:•

Fam

iliar

ize

with

the

scie

ntifi

c na

me

of m

ango

, soi

lsu

itabl

e fo

r m

ango

cro

p cu

ltiva

tion,

sea

son

and

site

sele

ctio

n.•

List

out

the

impo

rtant

var

ietie

s of

Man

go a

nd th

eir

prop

agat

ion.

•Fa

mili

ariz

e the

culti

vatio

n pr

actic

es o

f man

go in

term

sof

land

pre

para

tion,

pla

ntin

g, sp

acin

g, ti

me o

f pla

ntin

g,irr

igat

ion,

wee

ding

, man

urin

g an

d in

terc

ropp

ing.

•D

escr

ibe

the

high

den

sity

plan

ting

in m

ango

.•

Fam

iliar

ize w

ith p

lant

pro

tect

ion

in M

ango

and

list p

est

and

dise

ases

.•

expl

ain

the c

urre

nt tr

ends

in m

ango

culti

vatio

n an

d lis

tsou

t diff

eren

t pro

duct

s mad

e out

of m

ango

and

its v

alue

addi

tion.

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

tC

rop

prod

uctio

n te

chno

logy

of

Ban

ana

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Ana

lysis

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•Pr

actic

al sk

ills

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fM

ango

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Com

mun

icat

ion

•Pr

actic

al sk

ills

•G

ener

al di

scus

sion u

sing c

hart

(W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Vide

o sh

ows

(W)

•A

rticl

es a

nd P

ublic

atio

ns (I

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit (W

)•

Fiel

d w

ork

(G)

•G

ener

al di

scus

sion u

sing c

hart

(W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Vide

o sh

ows

(W)

•A

rticl

es a

nd P

ublic

atio

ns (I

)•

Fiel

d w

ork

(G)

•Fi

eld

Visit

(W)

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•U

nit t

est

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Prac

tical

Rec

ord

•Vi

va v

oce

•Ex

erci

se

•Q

uiz

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Uni

t tes

t•

Prac

tical

Rec

ord

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 95

VHSE Curriculum

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•Fa

mili

ariz

es w

ith th

e sci

entif

ic n

ame o

f pin

e app

le, s

oil

suita

ble

for p

ine

appl

e cu

ltiva

tion,

and

site

sele

ctio

n.•

List

out t

he im

porta

nt va

rietie

s of p

ine a

pple

and e

xpla

inpi

ne ap

ple s

ucke

r sel

ectio

n an

d pr

epar

atio

n of

suck

ers

for p

lant

ing.

•Fa

mili

ariz

e th

e cu

ltiva

tion

prac

tices

of p

ine

appl

e in

term

s of

land

pre

para

tion,

pla

ntin

g, s

paci

ng, t

ime

ofpl

antin

g, ir

rigat

ion,

wee

ding

, man

urin

g an

d flo

wer

ing

indu

ctio

n.•

Fam

iliar

ize w

ith th

e pla

nt p

rote

ctio

n of

pin

e app

le, a

ndlis

t pes

ts an

d di

seas

es.

•Li

st ou

t diff

eren

t pro

duct

s mad

e ou

t of p

ine

appl

e an

dits

val

ue ad

ditio

n.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•D

escr

ibe

the

vari

etie

s of

Ant

huri

um,

and

its

prop

agat

ion

met

hods

, pla

ntin

g an

d po

tting

med

iapr

epar

atio

n, f

ertil

izer

rec

omm

enda

tion,

inte

rcul

tura

lop

erat

ion,

pla

nt p

rote

ctio

n, h

arve

sting

.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•D

escr

ibe

the

varie

ties

of O

rchi

d, a

nd it

s pr

opag

atio

nm

etho

ds, p

lant

ing

and

potti

ng m

edia

pre

para

tion,

ferti

lizer

reco

mm

enda

tion,

inte

rcul

tura

l ope

ratio

n, pl

ant

prot

ectio

n, h

arve

sting

.

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

tC

rop

prod

uctio

n te

chno

logy

of

Pine

app

leSK

ILL

S•

Com

mun

icat

ion

•A

naly

sis•

Obs

erva

tion

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fA

nthu

rium

SKIL

LS

•O

bser

vatio

n•

Clas

sific

atio

n•

Prac

tical

skill

s•

Com

mun

icat

ion

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fO

rchi

dSK

ILL

S•

Clas

sific

atio

n•

Obs

erva

tion

•Pr

actic

al sk

ills

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n

•G

ener

al di

scus

sion u

sing c

hart

(W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Vide

o sh

ows

(W)

•A

rticl

es a

nd P

ublic

atio

ns (I

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit (W

)

•G

ener

al di

scus

sion u

sing c

hart

(W)

•Vi

deo

show

(W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Fie

ld v

isit (

W)

• F

ield

wor

k (G

)

•G

ener

al di

scus

sion u

sing c

hart

(W)

•Vi

deo

show

(W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit (W

)•

Fie

ld w

ork

(G)

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•A

ssig

nmen

t•

Prac

tical

rec

ord

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Po

ster

pre

para

tion

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Pr

actic

al r

ecor

d•

Post

er p

repa

ratio

n

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 96


The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•Fa

mili

ariz

e with

the c

lass

ifica

tion a

nd va

rietie

s of R

ose,

prop

agat

ion

plan

ting

and

potti

ng m

ixtu

re p

repa

ratio

n,m

anur

ing,

pru

ning

, pla

nt pr

otec

tion,

harv

estin

g, pa

ckin

gan

d m

arke

ting,

val

ue a

dded

pro

duct

s and

rose

oil.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•Fa

mili

ariz

e w

ith t

he c

ultiv

atio

n, v

arie

ties

and

prop

agat

ion

of j

asm

ine,

roo

ting

horm

ones

, la

ndpr

epar

atio

n, sp

acin

g, m

anur

ing,

irrig

atio

n, pr

unin

g, in

ter

cultu

ral o

pera

tion,

wee

d co

ntro

l, pe

sts, d

iseas

es ,y

ield

and

valu

e ad

ded

prod

uct-

Jasm

ine

oil.

The

lear

ner

will

be a

ble

to :

•Fa

mili

ariz

e with

the i

mpo

rtanc

e of m

edic

inal

pla

nts i

nK

eral

a, li

sts th

em o

ut w

ith th

eir c

omm

on n

ame,

par

tsus

ed a

nd s

cope

of m

edic

inal

pla

nts

in A

yurv

eda.

Mod

ule

2 :

Idea

s/C

once

pts/

Skill

Lear

ning

Out

com

esSu

gges

ted

Act

iviti

esA

sses

smen

tC

rop

prod

uctio

n te

chno

logy

of

Ros

eSK

ILL

S•

Obs

erva

tion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•Pr

actic

al sk

ills

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

IT sk

ills

Cro

p pr

oduc

tion

tech

nolo

gy o

fJa

smin

eSK

ILL

S•

Obs

erva

tion

•A

naly

sis•

Com

mun

icat

ion

•Pr

actic

al sk

ill

Impo

rtanc

e of m

edic

inal

pla

nts i

nK

eral

aSK

ILL

S•

Obs

erva

tion

•Cl

assif

icat

ion

•Co

mm

unic

atio

n•

Ref

eren

ce s

kills

•G

ener

al di

scus

sion u

sing c

hart

(W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit (W

)

•G

ener

al di

scus

sion u

sing c

hart

(W)

•PP

T (G

)•

Fiel

d vi

sit (W

)

•G

roup

Disc

ussio

n (G

)•

PPT

(G)

•Fi

eld

visit

(W)

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Prac

tical

rec

ord

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Pr

esen

tatio

n•

Prac

tical

rec

ord

•Q

uiz

•Vo

catio

nal d

iary

•Po

ster

pre

sent

atio

n

Uni

t :

( pe

riod

s)

Page - 97

VHSE Curriculum

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES- MODULE II• Setting up of Crop Cafeteria• Specimen Collection• Seed Collection• Exposure visit to successful farms(IFS preferred)• Interview• Setting up of different components(Azolla, Vermicompost,

Mushroom, Biogas etc.) of IFS• Field visit• Preparation of herbariums• Interaction with farmer• Wet land/ Upland paddy cultivation – prefer SRI-Land

preparation, Seed treatment, Nursery preparation - Dapog,Types of Sowing, Cultivation, Fertilser Calculation andapplication, Plant Protection Major pest and diseases - IPM,Harvesting, Value addition, Marketing.

• Collection of Specimens of Pest, Diseases of various crops• Identification of Varieties of various crops• Identification and management of major pest and diseases

of various crops• Cultivation using mini setts in tapioca• Familiarisation with Botanical pesticides from tapioca leaves

– NANMA/MENMA• Familiarisation with Value added products of various crops• Identification of fodder crops• School Vegetable Garden• Portray seedling production• Familiarisation with safer chemical pesticides, botanical

pesticides, Biopesticides.• Identification and collection of vegetable seeds• Visit to VFPCK market• Drought management practices in coconut• Familiarisation with Palm Climber• Fertiliser application in coconut• Bush pepper growing

Page - 98


• Rapid propagation in Pepper• Rubber tapping• Fertiliser application in Banana• Tissue culture Banana – work experience• Flowering induction in Pineapple• Identification of Physiological disorders in mango• Harvesting Index of Banana, Mango, Pineapple• Preparation of Potting media for anthurium and orchid

cultivation• Potting and repotting• Propagation of anthurium and orchid• Identification of medicinal plants• Setting up of medicinal garden• Field visit to nearby Ayurveda centre

OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE

Module III : FARM SUPPORT SERVICES (Draft)

UnitNo Name of the Unit Hours

1 Machinary Operation and Management 180

2 Supply chain Management 16

3 Custom hiring centres 37

4 Agro clinic 50

5 ICT enabled extension services in Agriculture 57

TOTAL 340

Module IV: AGRIPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT (Draft)

Unit No Name of the Units Hours

1 Poly house and Green House Management 120

2 Landscaping and Garden Management 80

3 Advanced Techniques in Plant Propagation 62

4 Subsidiary Enterprises 78

TOTAL 340

Page - 99

VHSE Curriculum

DETAILED UNIT ANALYSIS

Name of Module : AGRI-FIELD TECHNIQUES

Name of Unit : Agrometeorology

Overview of the Unit

As plant growth is governed by the climatic factors, its study hasdeveloped into a science called Agricultural Meteorology. Here, thelearners will study the various weather elements like temperature, wind,relative humidity, rainfall and sunlight in relation to plant growth andtheir interaction in creating a suitable condition for cultivation. Theseweather elements are continuously monitored, recorded and weatherforecasting is done based on the interpretation made. In India, we areusing satellite systems and super computers for the collection andanalysis of weather data and weather forecasting. Besides, the weatherdata can also be used for the forecasting of pest and disease outbreaks.

In Kerala, we have two monsoons. The SW monsoon popularly knownas” Edavapathy” which commences from the last week of May to firstweek of June which contributes to 60 % of the water received throughrainfall. The NE monsoon is known as “Thula Varsham” whichcommences by September. The first and second crop season are knownas Virippu and Mundakan which coincides with SW and NE monsoonsrespectively.

Agriculture depends upon vagaries of nature and the variations areclosely monitored now a days using automated weather stations.Concept 1

• Meteorology• Agrometeorology

Suggested ActivitiesGeneral Discussion-led by the teacher based on the followingdiscussion pointsPoints to be discussed• What are the climatic factors affecting plant growth?• What is meant by Meteorology and Agrometeorology?Multimedia presentation-displays the ppt related to meteorology-factors influencing and the difference between weather and climate andtheir importance in plant growth.Consolidation• The factors influencing plant growth like temperature, rainfall,

wind, sunlight.

Page - 100


• Branch of science dealing with that of atmosphere is known asmeteorology.

• A science concerned with the application of meteorology to themeasurement and analysis of the physical environment inagricultural systems

Assessment• Quiz- questions related to factors influencing plant growth

(temperature, rainfall, wind and sunlight).• Notes on difference between meteorology and agrometeorology.

Concept 2• Weather and climate.Activity suggestedGroup discussion based on weather &climate.Points to be discussed• What is the difference between weather and climate?• What are the specialities of climate in India?• What are the different crops cultivated in these climatic condition?Presentation of animated CDs.Collection of weather data from news paper (PE)

Consolidation• Weather is the condition of the atmosphere from few hours to

about weeks of a particular region. Climate is the totality ofweather elements for a few years.

• Tropical- temperature, humidity high through out India• Maritime-• Monsoonal - Rain abundant in S. India.• Wheat, rice, sugarcane, mustard, soybean, jute, coffee, tea, pepper,

rubber, banana, tapioca, coconut.

Assessment• Assignment - Collection of weather data from different dailies for

1 week.• Note book - Weather, climate, difference between weather and

climate, specialities of climate in India, different crops cultivatedin these climatic conditions.

• Chart preparation - Chart of Weather data for 1 week, chartshowing difference between Weather and climate, charts showingdifferent crops cultivated in different climatic condition.

Page - 101

VHSE Curriculum

Concept 3

Microclimate

Activity suggested

Group discussion - Teacher divides students into groups, displays thepoints to be discussed.

Points to be discussed• Why are the water bodies making the atmosphere cool?• What are the reasons for the increase of room temperature in

sunny days?• What is the difference between two nearby location regarding

plant density?

Presentation of Animated CDs on micro climate.

Consolidation

Groups present their views.• In normal condition water bodies use the internal energy to get

vaporized which help to cool the water body. A cooler watersurface results in cooler air temperature.

• Evaporation of water bodies due to sun rays will again make theatmosphere cool due to condensation of water vapour.

• When infrared rays from the sun reach the earth and reflect back.It gets trapped by the gases (CO2, SO2 etc.) present in theatmosphere. Hence the atmospheric temperature andsubsequently the room temperature rises up.

• Micro climate is the climatic condition around a plant or thecondition existing over a small area of the plant.

• Micro climatic factors like humidity, air flow, temperature, lightintensity.

Assessment• Notebook - Entries related to microclimate and allied factors

Concept 4• Meteorological observatory and instruments to measure weather

elements

Activity suggested

Presentation of animated CDs, Presentation of video shows, Groupdiscussion.

Points to be discussed• What are important points to be considered for the site selection

of Meteorological Observatory?

Page - 102


• What are the various instruments used to measure weatherelements?

• What are the features of a Meteorological Observatory?

Visit, Model of instruments, chart of instruments and its uses (PE)

Consolidation• A standard observatory is required to familiarize with the weather

of a given place.• Various instruments are required to measure and understand

weather components like instruments measuring soil andatmospheric temperature, direction and velocity of wind, durationand intensity of sun light, rain fall, humidity, evapo transpiration.

• Meteorological observatory is a place where different instrumentswhich record meteorological data are lodged

• The observatory should be located at a site which is representativeof the area

• The area should be enclosed by a wire fence• Site should be free from obstructions like tall trees or buildings on

all sides• The size of the plot must be 55m in North South Direciton and 36m

in East West Direction• Stevenson Screen - Relative Humidity and temperature• Soil Thermometers - Soil Temperature• Sunshine Recorder - Sun shine duration• Wind vane - Wind direction• Cup anemometer - Wind Speed• Open Pan evaporimeter - Evaporation• Rain gauge - Rain• Automatic/Self Recording Rain gauge• Dew gauge - Dew• Automatic weather station

Assessment• Presentation of assignment-Features of meteorological

observatory.• Points to be considered for the site selection of meteorological

observatory.• Participation in group discussion• Active involvement in practical• Preparation of models of instruments like cup anemometer• Quiz - Question and answers regarding meteorological

observatory.

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VHSE Curriculum

• Practical record - Handling of instruments required to measureweather components.

Concept 5• Weather forecasting

Activity suggested

General discussion

Points to be discussed• What is weather forecasting?• How the forecast is given to the farmer?• Who are the beneficiaries?• Which are the types of forecasting?

Power point presentation - Teacher's powerpoint presentation on needand importance of weather forecasting.

Chart preparation.

Consolidation

• The prediction of weather for the next few days to follow is calledweather forecasting

Weather forecasting helps in -• Prediction of weather and climate.• Short, medium and long term forecasting.• Purpose or beneficiary.• Agencies - IMD, Doordarsan, Air.

Assessment• Notebook entries - weather parameters• Unit assessment - Written examination on the points discussed

above.

Concept 6• Importance of Automated weather stations

Activity suggested

Group discussion

Weather forecasting

Shipping

Fishing

Agriculture

Defence serviceGeneral public

Govt. & Postofficials

Mountaineering

↑ ↑↑

↓↓

↓

↓

Airlines

↓

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Points to be discussed

The facilitators initiates a discussion on automated weather stations.• What is an automated weather station?

Multimedia presentation - Followed by discussion.

Consolidation• Automated weather stations is an automatic type of traditional

weather station either to enable measurements from remote areasor to save human labour

Assessment

• Note book- Discussion report on automated weather station.

Concept 7• Crop seasons and Monsoons in Kerala

Activity suggestedGroup discussion - Teacher leads a general discussion on crop seasonsand monsoons in Kerala and then group discussion.Interactive multimedia presentation.Collect paper cuttings (PE).Analysis of collected rainfall data from internet for the last 10 years (PE)The students are asked to analyse the rainfall data chart and initiatedisussion based on monsoons and crop calender of rice.List out the months having higher rain fall.Compare with crop calendar and identify agricultural seasons.Crop seasons in Kerala with special reference to rice (virippu,mundakan, puncha).Monsoons of Kerala (South West, North East, Summer seasons)Face to face interaction with key informants of nearby farmingcommunity (PE).

Consolidation• Kerala receives two monsoons. The South West monsoons

popularly known as Edavapathy which commence from last weekof May. It contributes 60% rainfall. The first crop season of paddyie. Virippu coincides with this monsoon. North East monsoon isknown as Thulavarsha which commences from September. TheSecond crop season called Mundakan coincides with this period.It contributes 30% of rainfall. Puncha is the third season of paddywhich do not coincide with any monsoon.

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Assessment• Participation in Group discussion• Chart• Report on group discussion• Practical record• Oral test• Unit test

Repocitory of CE

Process Portfolio UnitAssessment Assessment Assessment

• Participation in • Presentation of • Quiz competitiongroup discusion Assignment Report • Written

of Group discussion examination• Active involvement • Preparation of model • Oral test

in practical observatory andinstruments

• Face to face • Chart of weather datainteraction with chart of differencefarmer groups betweenweather &

climate• Field visit • Report on field visit

CE Questions1. A few students of 8th standard seek clarification on the almost

similar term weather and climate, after a class on meteorology.Give good reason and justify.

2. Schools have been requested by DEO to setup model weatherobservatory to familiarize students with weather element/parameters in the era of climate change. Make a list of instrumentsthat will be required with its use and criteria to be followed forselection of site for setting up of observatory.

3. Climate change poses a major challenge to the farmingcommunity. Government agencies like Department ofMeteorology in collaboration with Doordarshan and AIR giveyeoman service to former. Suresh being a volunteer plans acampaign to make aware about those agricultural services.Prepare a script for this campaign highlighting the purpose ofthese services and the service provided.

4. Monsoon tourism has great potential in Kerala. Foreign touristsneed to be made aware about the character of monsoon in Kerala.Briefly write a note with special reference to paddy seasons to bepublished on a popular tourism website

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LIST OF TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS

Sl. Name of items Quantity required RemarksNo. (with specifications) (per 25 students)

1 Hand sprayer (2L) 102 Rocker sprayer (5L) 23 Knap sack sprayer (10 L) 24 Knap sack sprayer (5 L) 25 Hand rotary duster 26 Rat trap (cage type) 27 Rat trap (wooden type) 18 Rat trap (gullettin type) 29 Rat trap (adhesive type) 210 Bio gas plant (Modular) 111 Polythene cover (Different sizes) 5 kg12 Grow bag 2513 Hygrometer 114 Steel rack 215 Drum (250L) 116 Pressure cooker (10L) 117 Tiller (Model) 118 Seeder(Model) 119 Transplanter(Model) 120 Chain saw 121 Augur 1 22 Power sprayer 123 Coconut Climber 224 Telescope harvester 125 Pedal pump 126 Toolset and spare 127 Budding cum grafting knife 2528 Budding knife 2529 Grafting knife 2530 Secateur (falcon) 531 Pots (Small ) 25

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32 Pots (Medium ) 2033 Pots (Large ) 1534 Hand cultivator 1035 Hand fork 1036 Hand rake 537 Land mower 138 Hole digger 139 Rose can 540 Garden shear 1041 Japanese hoe 542 Trench hoe 543 Spade 1044 Kunthali 545 Axe 246 Pick axe 547 Dibbler 548 Pruning saw 549 Pruning knife 550 Insect traps 351 Hand nets 2552 Wind vane 153 Cup anemometer 154 Stevenson screen 155 Rain gauge 156 Cultivator(model) 157 Clod crusher (model) 158 Thresher (model) 159 Winnower(model) 160 Combined Harvster(model) 161 Tractor (model) 162 Seeder(model) 163 Transplanter(model) 164 Rotovator(model) 165 Good quality hose(30mts) 166 Charts 10

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67 Models 168 Sprinkler 169 Drip 5 set70 Portrays 3071 Thermometer 172 Barometer 173 Barograph 174 Sunshine recorder 175 Pan evaporimeter 176 Iron pan 1077 Rubber basket 1078 Country plough (Model) 179 Mould Board Plough(Model) 180 Leveller (Model) 181 Hand Trowel 582 Showel (3 inch, nose D type handles) 583 Hand Showel 1084 Sickle 2585 Bill hook 586 Felling knife 587 Grass cutting knife 588 Rubber tapping knife 589 Petridishes 2590 Germination tray 1091 Orchid flower pot 1092 Hammer 393 Country trap 294 Wonder trap 295 Back braking trap 296 Killing bottles 2597 Setting board 2598 Setting box 2599 Insect display board with glass cover 2100 Mammatty fork (4 prongs) 5

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STANDARD LIST OF CONSUMABLES FOR MODULES I AND II

Sl. Name of items Quantity required Remarks(with specifications) (per 25 students)

1 Vermiculite 10kg

2 Perlite 10kg

3 Vermicompost 10kg

4 Formalin 3L

5 Urea As per requirements

6 Super phosphate As per requirements

7 Ammonium Sulphate As per requirements

8 Mussoriephos As per requirements

9 MOP As per requirements

10 Factomphos As per requirements

11 17:17:17 complex As per requirements

12 10:5:20 Mixture As per requirements

13 7:10:5 Mixture As per requirements

14 Rose mixture 5kg

15 Garden mixture 3kg

16 Bone meal 5kg

17 Sterameal 5kg

18 Oil cakes 10kg

19 Propagation media As per requirements

20 Red earth 500kg

21 Sand As per requirements

22 FYM As per requirements

23 Spagnum moss 10kg

24 Charcoal 5kg

25 Coir dust 5kg

26 Liming materials As per requirements

27 Lime As per requirements

28 Dolomite As per requirements

29 Gypsum As per requirements

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30 Biofertilizers As per requirements

31 Other items As per requirements

32 Spawn 5kg

33 Straw As per requirements

34 Polytube 10kg

35 Kora cloth 30m

36 Paraffin wax 2kg

37 Cotton 1kg

38 Coir 10kg

39 Non absorbant cotton 1kg

40 GI wire 10kg

41 Tobacco 2kg

42 Bar soap 10no

43 Chemicals As per requirements

44 Copper sulphate As per requirements

45 Ammonium carbonate As per requirements

46 Neem kernel As per requirements

47 Neem oil As per requirements

48 Rootex B1, B2, B3 250gm each

49 Pottasium ferrocyanide 1kg

50 Chloroform As per requirements

51 Insecticide As per requirements

52 Fungicide As per requirements

53 Herbicide As per requirements

54 Rodenticide As per requirements

55 Acaricide As per requirements

56 Antibiotics As per requirements

57 Seeds, Flowers, fruits, vegetables As per requirements

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LIST OF BOOKS AND INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

1. Nene, Y.L. and Choudhary, S.L. 2002. Agricultural heritage ofIndia. Asian Agri – History foundation, Secundrabad.

2. Randhawa, M.S., 1980 – 86. A histroy of Agriculture in India. Vol.I, II, III and IV. Indian council of Agricultural Research, NewDelhi.s

3. Raychaudhuri, S.P. 1964. Agriculture in ancient India. Indiancouncil of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

4. Razia Akbar (Tr) 2000. Muskha Dar Fauni – Falahat (The art ofagriculture). Agri – History Bulletin No. 3. Asian Agri. Historyfoundation, Secundrabad.

5. Sadhale Nalini (Tr) 1996. Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda (The scienceof plant life). Asian. History Bulletin No. 1. Asian – Agri – Historyfoundation, Secundrabad.

6. Sadhale, Nalini Tr) 1999. Krishi – Parashara (Agriculture byParashara). Agri- Histroy Bulletin No. 2. Asian Agri – Historyfoundation, Secundrabad, India

7. Ayachit, S.M. (Tr) 2002. Kashyapiya Krishisukti (A treatise onAgriculture by Kashyapa). Agri – History Billetin No. 4. Asian –Agri History foundation, Secundrabad

8. Choudhary, S.L., Sharma, G.S. and Nene, Y.L. 2000. Ancient andmedievel history of Indian agriculture and its relevance tosustainable agriculture in the 21st century. Proceedings of thesummem school held from 28 May to 17 June 1999. RajasthanCollege of Agriculture, Udaipur, India

9. FARM GUIDE- GoK10. Krshipaddam- Dr R.Heli11. Krishiyile Nattarivukal- Sri. Muraleedharan, Thazhakkara12. Buchel, K. H. 1983 Chemistry of pesticides. John Wiley and Sons

New York.13. Collings G. H. 1955 Commercial Fertilizers. Mc Graw Hill

Publishing Co. New York.14. Geroge W. W 1986. Fundamentals of pesticides A self-instruction

Guide. Thomas publication P.O. Box 9335. Frenocalifornia.15. Sree Ramulu, U. S. 1979. Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides.

Oxford and IBH Publishing House Co. New Delhi.16. Basak, N.N. 1994 Surveying and Levelling. Tata Mc-Grew Hill

Publishing Company, New Delhi.

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17. Ghanashyam Das, 2000. Hydrology and Soil Conservationengineering, Prentice hall of India Private Limited New Delhi.

18. Gurmail singh, 1982. A Manual on Soil and Water Conservation,ICAR Publication, New Delhi.

19. Kanetkar, I.P. and S.V.Kulkarni, 1984. Surveying and Levelling,Part I Pune Vidyarthi Giiha: Prakasan, Pune.

20. Murthy, V.V.N. Land and Water Management Engineering. 1998.Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

21. Suresh.R. 1982. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering.Standard Publication, New Delhi.

22. Veeraragavathatham, D., Jawaharlal, M., Jeeva, S., Rabindran, Rand Umapathy, G. 2004 (2nd edition). Scientific fruit culture.Published by M/s. Suri associates, 1362/4, Velraj Vihar Complex,Thadagam Road, Coimbatore- 2

23. Chattopadhyay, 1998. A textbook on pomology (sub-tropicalfruits) vol.III. Published by M/s. Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana,New Delhi, Noida. UP.

24. Bose, T.K., S.K. Mitra and D. Sanyal 2001, Fruits : Tropical andSubtropical (2 volumes) Naya Udyog, Calcutta.

25. Bose, T.K., S.K.Mitra, A.A. Farooqi and M.K. Sadhu (Eds) 1999.Tropical Horticulture Vol.1. Naya Prokash, Calcutta.

26. Chadha, K.L. 2001. Handbook of Horticulture. ICAR, Delhi27. Chattopadhyay, T.K., 2001. A Text Book on Pomology (4 volumes).

Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.28. Kumar, N. 1997. Introduction to Horticulture. Rajalakshmi

Publications, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu.29. Mitra, S.K., T.K. Bose and D.S. Rathore. 1991. Temperate fruits.

Horticulture and allied Publishers, Calcutta.30. Pal, J.S. 1997. Fruit Growing. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.31. Sadhu, M.K. and P.K. Chattopadhyay.2001. Introductory Fruit

Crops. Naya Prokash, Calcutta.32. Singh, S.P. 1995. Commercial Fruits. Kalyani Publishers,

Ludhiana.

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WEBSITES:

1. KAU AGRI PORTAL2. www.keralaagriculture.gov.in/3. html/institution/insti.html4. www.youtube.com (kissan kerala, harithabharatham,

harithakeralam etc...videos)5. SIET KERALA (animated online videos) sietkerala.gov.in6. www.imd.gov.in/section/hydro/distrainfall/kerala/html

(Indian Meteorological Department -IMD)7. www.imdtvm.gov.in8. www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/monsoon_frame.html9. www.keralastat.com/meteorologicaldata/22/rainfall/238/

stat.aspx10. www.automaticweatherstation.com/index.html11. www.tnau.ac.in Agritechportal12. www.sietkerala.gov.in

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ABOUT THE COURSE - Kerala · VHSE Curriculum ABOUT THE COURSE A business that earns most or all of its revenues from agriculture. An ... utilization of natural resources categorically