Film directorFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

American directorSteven Spielbergwith Sri Lankan film makerChandran Rutnamin Sri LankaAfilm directoris a person who directs the making of afilm. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision.[1]The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking.[2]UnderEuropean Unionlaw, the director is viewed as theauthorof the film.[3]The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay in the boundaries of the film's budget. There are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, film editors or actors. Other film directors have attended a film school. Directors use different approaches. Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue, while others control every aspect, and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Some directors edit or appear in their films, or compose the music score for their films.Contents[hide] 1Responsibilities 2Career pathways 3Characteristics 4Professional organizations 5Notable individuals 6See also 7References 8Bibliography 9External linksResponsibilities[edit]

The film director gives last minute direction to the cast and crew, while filming acostume dramaon location inLondon.Film directors create an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized.[4]Realizing this vision includes overseeing the artistic and technical elements of film production, as well as directing the shooting timetable and meeting deadlines.[5]This entails organizing thefilm crewin such a way as to achieve his or her vision of the film.[6][7]This requires skills of group leadership, as well as the ability to maintain a singular focus even in the stressful, fast-paced environment of a film set.[8]Moreover it is necessary to have an artistic eye to frame shots and to give precise feedback to cast and crew,[9]thus, excellent communication skills are a must.[10]Since the film director depends on the successful cooperation of many different creative individuals with possibly strongly contradicting artistic ideals and visions, he or she also needs to possess conflict resolution skills in order to mediate whenever necessary.[11]Thus the director ensures that all individuals involved in the film production are working towards an identical vision for the completed film.[6]The set of varying challenges he or she has to tackle has been described as "a multi-dimensional jigsaw puzzle with egos and weather thrown in for good measure".[12]It adds to the pressure that the success of a film can influence when and how they will work again.[13]Omnipresent are the boundaries of the films budget.[14]Additionally, the director may also have to ensure an intendedage rating.[15]Theoretically the sole superior of a director is the studio that is financing the film,[16][4]however a poor working relationship between a film director and an actor could possibly result in the director being replaced if the actor is a majorfilm star.[17]Even so, it is arguable that the director spends more time on a project than anyone else, considering that the director is one of the few positions that requires intimate involvement during every stage of film production. Thus, the position of film director is widely considered to be a highly stressful and demanding one.[1]It has been said that "20-hour days are not unusual".[4]UnderEuropean Unionlaw, the film director is considered the "author" or one of the authors of a film, largely as a result of the influence ofauteur theory.[18]Auteur theory is afilm criticismconcept that holds that a film director'sfilmreflects the director's personal creative vision, as if they were the primary "auteur" (theFrenchword for "author"). In spite ofand sometimes even because ofthe production of the film as part of an industrial process, the auteur's creative voice is distinct enough to shine through studio interference and the collective process.Career pathways[edit]

DirectorPedro Almodvarand actressPenlope CruzSome film directors started asscreenwriters,film editorsor actors.[19]Several American cinematographers have become directors, includingBarry Sonnenfeld, originally the Coen brothers' DP;Jan de Bont, cinematographer on films asDie HardandBasic Instinct, directedSpeedandTwister. RecentlyWally Pfister, cinematographer onChristopher Nolan's three Batman films made his directorial debut withTranscendence. Other film directors have attended afilm schoolto "get formal training and education in their craft".[20]Film students generally study the basic skills used in making a film.[21]This includes, for example, preparation, shot lists and storyboards, blocking, protocols of dealing with professional actors, and reading scripts.[22]Some film schools are equipped with sound stages and post-production facilities.[23]Besides basic technical and logistical skills, students also receive education on the nature of professional relationships that occur during film production.[24]A full degree course can be designed for up to five years of studying.[25]Future directors usually complete short films during their enrollment.[1]The National Film School of Denmarkhas the student's final projects presented on national TV.[26]Some film schools retain the rights for their students' works.[27]Many directors successfully prepared for making feature films by working in television.[28]TheGerman Film and Television Academy Berlinconsequently cooperates with the Berlin/Brandenburg TV stationRBB (Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting)andARTE.[29]A handful of top directors made from $13 M to $257 M in 2011, such as James Cameron and Steven Spielberg. The average movie director makes a lot less. In May 2011, the average US film director made $122,220.[30]Characteristics[edit]

Fritz Langdirecting a movie

Ingmar Bergmanapparently examines a sheet of film, during work onWild Strawberries.Different directors can vary immensely amongst themselves, under various characteristics. Several examples are:[citation needed] Those who outline a generalplotlineand let the actorsimprovisedialogue. Notable examples includeIngmar Bergman,Christopher Guest,Wong Kar-wai,Spike Lee,Wim Wenders,Mike Leigh,Barry Levinson,Jean-Luc Godard,Mikls Jancs,Gus Van Sant,Judd Apatow,Terrence Malick,Harmony Korine,JayandMark Duplass, and occasionallyRobert Altman,Joe Swanberg,Sergio LeoneandFederico Fellini.

Akira Kurosawaon the set in 1953 Those who control every aspect, and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely. Notable examples includeDavid Lean,Akira Kurosawa,Steven Spielberg,Ridley Scott,Victor Fleming,Erich von Stroheim,James Cameron,George Lucas,Stanley Kubrick,Sidney Lumet,Andrew Bujalski,Christopher Nolan,David Fincher,Guillermo del ToroandAlfred Hitchcock. Those whowritetheir own screenplays. Notable examples includeWoody Allen,Werner Herzog,Alejandro Jodorowsky,John Cassavetes,Ingmar Bergman,Stanley Kubrick,Quentin Tarantino,James Cameron,George Lucas,J. F. Lawton,David Cronenberg,Charlie Chaplin,Billy Wilder,Ed Wood,David Lynch, theCoen brothers,Francis Ford Coppola,Sofia Coppola,Pier Paolo Pasolini,Pedro Almodvar,John Hughes,Nick Park,Edward Burns,Kevin Smith,Todd Field,Cameron Crowe,Terrence Malick,Oren Peli,Eli Roth,Harmony Korine,Paul Thomas Anderson,Guillermo del Toro,Rainer Werner Fassbinder,Oliver Stone,John Singleton,Spike Lee,Orson Welles,Akira Kurosawa,Hayao Miyazaki,M. Night Shyamalan,Daryush Shokof,Paul Haggis,Billy Bob Thornton,James Wong,Tyler Perry,Robert Rodriguez,Christopher Nolan,George A. Romero,Sergio Leone,Satyajit Ray,Joss WhedonandDavid O. Russell.Steven SpielbergandSidney J. Furiehave written screenplays for a small number of their films.

Three pairs ofsiblingdirectors - each notable for making all of their films together - at the2015 Cannes Film Festival: the ItalianTaviani brothers, the AmericanCoen brothersand the BelgianDardenne brothers(photographed here with French directorBertrand Tavernier, festival directorThierry Frmauxand festival presidentPierre Lescure). Those whocollaborateon screenplays with long-standing writing partners. Notable examples includeAlejandro Gonzlez IrrituandGuillermo Arriaga,Elia KazanandTennessee Williams,Terry GilliamandCharles McKeown/Tony Grisoni,Wes AndersonandOwen Wilson/Noah Baumbach,Edgar WrightandSimon Pegg,Martin ScorseseandNicholas Pileggi/Paul Schrader/Jay Cocks,Yasujir OzuandKgo Noda,Peter JacksonandFran Walsh,Alexander PayneandJim Taylor,Robert ZemeckisandBob Gale,Luis BuuelandJean-Claude Carrire/Luis Alcoriza,Krzysztof Kielowski/Krzysztof Piesiewicz,Frank Capra/Robert Riskin,Michelangelo Antonioni/Tonino Guerra,Billy Wilder/I.A.L. Diamond,Sergio LeoneandSergio Donati,Guillermo del ToroandMatthew Robbins, andChristopher Nolan/Jonathan Nolan/David S. Goyer. Those whoedittheir own films. Notable examples includeAkira Kurosawa,Alfonso Cuarn,Mike Cahill,Jean-Marc Valle,Steven Soderbergh,David Lean,Don Coscarelli,Charlie Chaplin,Robert Rodriguez,James Cameron,Ed Wood,Gaspar Noe,Takeshi Kitano,John Woo,Andy Warhol,Shinya Tsukamoto,Kenneth Anger,Gregg Araki,Gus Van Sant,Xavier Dolan,Ben Wheatley,Kelly Reichardt,Leni Riefenstahl,Kevin Smith,Rodrigo Cortes,Joe Swanberg,Steve James,Jafar Panahi,Ti West,Joel and Ethan Coenand manyindie,Internetandarthousefilmmakers. Those whoshoottheir own films. Notable examples includeNicolas Roeg,Mike Cahill,Peter Hyams,Steven Soderbergh,Joe Swanberg,Tony Kaye,Gaspar Noe,Gregg Araki,Robert Rodriguez,Don Coscarelli,Josef von Sternberg,Shinya TsukamotoandKenneth Anger. Those who appear in their films. Notable examples includeClint Eastwood,Orson Welles,Mel Gibson,Martin Scorsese,Peter Jackson,John Waters,John Carpenter,Spike Lee,Tyler Perry,Rainer Werner Fassbinder,Kevin Costner,Kenneth Anger,Woody Allen,Jon Favreau,Quentin Tarantino,Eli Roth,Michael Bay,Mel Brooks,Ben Stiller,Alejandro Jodorowsky,Charlie Chaplin,Terry Jones,Edward Burns,Pier Paolo Pasolini,Sam Raimi,Roman Polanski,Erich von Stroheim,Billy Bob Thornton,Sylvester Stallone,M. Night Shyamalan,Harold Ramis,Robert De Niro,John Woo,Kevin Smith,Warren Beatty,Robert Redford,Takeshi Kitano,Kenneth BranaghandEd Wood.Alfred Hitchcock,Abel Ferrara,Shawn Levy,Edgar WrightandSpike Jonzemadecameo appearancesin their films. Those who compose the music score for their films. Notable examples includeCharlie Chaplin,Clint Eastwood,David Lynch,Alejandro Jodorowsky,John Carpenter,Mike Figgis,Alejandro Amenbar,Satyajit Ray,Robert RodriguezandTom Tykwer. Another way to categorize directors is by their membership in a "school" of filmmaking, such as theFrench New Wave, theBritish New Waveor theNew Hollywoodschool of filmmakers.Professional organizations[edit]In the United States, directors usually belong to theDirectors Guild of America. The Canadian equivalent is theDirectors Guild of Canada. In the UK, directors usually belong toDirectors UKor theDirectors Guild of Great Britain.In Europe, FERA, theFederation of European Film Directors, represents 37 national directors' guilds in 30 countries.Notable individuals[edit]For each director, one notable film that they directed is given as an example of their work. The chosen film may be their film which won the highest awards or it may be one of their best-known movies. J.J. Abrams(Star Trek- 2009) Ben Affleck(Argo- 2012) Robert Aldrich(Vera Cruz- 1954) Lewis Allen(The Uninvited- 1944) Woody Allen(Annie Hall- 1977) Pedro Almodvar(All About My Mother- 1999) Robert Altman(MASH- 1970) Lindsay Anderson(if....- 1968) Michael Anderson(The Dam Busters- 1955) Paul Thomas Anderson(Boogie Nights- 1997) Paul W. S. Anderson(Resident Evil- 2002) Wes Anderson(The Royal Tenenbaums- 2001) Theodoros Angelopoulos(Eternity and a Day- 1998) Jean-Jacques Annaud(The Name of the Rose- 1986) Sathyan Anthikad(Rasathanthram- 2006) Michelangelo Antonioni(L'Avventura- 1960) Judd Apatow(The 40-Year-Old Virgin- 2005) Andrea Arnold(Fish Tank- 2009) Dario Argento(Suspiria- 1977) Darren Aronofsky(Black Swan- 2010) Dorothy Arzner(The Bride Wore Red- 1937) Richard Attenborough(Gandhi- 1982) Sooraj Barjatya(Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!- 1994) Mario Bava(Lisa and the Devil- 1972) Michael Bay(Transformers- 2007) Ingmar Bergman(Wild Strawberries- 1957) Busby Berkeley(Take Me Out to the Ball Game-- 1949) Bernardo Bertolucci(The Last Emperor- 1987) Luc Besson(The Fifth Element- 1997) Sanjay Leela Bhansali(Devdas- 2002) Kathryn Bigelow(The Hurt Locker- 2008) Brad Bird(Ratatouille- 2007) Neill Blomkamp(District 9- 2009) Don Bluth(The Land Before Time- 1988) Budd Boetticher(Seven Men from Now- 1956) John Boorman(Deliverance- 1972) Frank Borzage(A Farewell to Arms- 1932) Danny Boyle(Slumdog Millionaire- 2008) Catherine Breillat(Fat Girl- 2001) Robert Bresson(Au Hasard Balthazar- 1966) Mel Brooks(Spaceballs- 1987) Tod Browning(Dracula- 1931) Luis Buuel(Un Chien Andalou- 1929) Tim Burton(Big Fish- 2003) James Cameron(Titanic- 1997) Jane Campion(The Piano- 1993) Frank Capra(It Happened One Night- 1934) Marcel Carn(Children of Paradise- 1945) John Carpenter(Halloween- 1978) John Cassavetes(A Woman Under the Influence- 1974) Liliana Cavani(The Night Porter- 1974) Nuri Bilge Ceylan(Once Upon a Time in Anatolia- 2011) Claude Chabrol(Madame Bovary- 1991) Charlie Chaplin(Modern Times- 1936) Michael Cimino(The Deer Hunter- 1978) George Clooney(Good Night, and Good Luck- 2005) Henri-Georges Clouzot(The Wages of Fear- 1953) Joel and Ethan Coen(Fargo- 1996) Chris Columbus(Home Alone- 1990) Francis Ford Coppola(The Godfather- 1972) Sofia Coppola(Lost in Translation- 2003) Roger Corman(The Little Shop of Horrors- 1960) Wes Craven(A Nightmare on Elm Street- 1984) David Cronenberg(The Fly- 1986) Cameron Crowe(Jerry McGuire- 1996) Alfonso Cuarn(Gravity- 2013) Michael Curtiz(Casablanca- 1942) Stephen Daldry(Billy Elliot- 2000) Joe Dante(Gremlins- 1984) Frank Darabont(The Shawshank Redemption- 1994) Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne(The Kid with a Bike- 2011) Julie Dash(Daughters of the Dust- 1992) Delmer Daves(The Hanging Tree- 1959) Andrew Davis(The Fugitive- 1993) Cecil B. DeMille(The Ten Commandments- 1956) Jonathan Demme(The Silence of the Lambs- 1991) Andrew Dominik(The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford- 2007) Stanley Donen(Singin' in the Rain- 1952) Carl Theodor Dreyer(The Passion of Joan of Arc- 1928) Guru Dutt(Pyaasa- 1957) Clint Eastwood(Unforgiven- 1992) Atom Egoyan(The Sweet Hereafter- 1997) Sergei Eisenstein(Battleship Potemkin- 1925) Roland Emmerich(Independence Day- 1996) Ray Enright(Coroner Creek- 1948) Nora Ephron(Sleepless in Seattle- 1993) Vctor Erice(Dream of Light- 1992) William Eubank(The Signal- 2014) Asghar Farhadi(A Separation- 2011) Rainer Werner Fassbinder(The Marriage of Maria Braun- 1979) Federico Fellini(8- 1963) Todd Field(Little Children- 2006) David Fincher(Fight Club- 1999) Victor Fleming(Gone With the Wind- 1939) John Ford(The Grapes of Wrath- 1940) Milo Forman(One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest- 1975) John Frankenheimer(The Manchurian Candidate- 1962) Hugo Fregonese(Blowing Wild-- 1953) William Friedkin(The Exorcist- 1973) Kinji Fukasaku(Battle Royale- 2000) Lucio Fulci(Zombi 2- 1979) Samuel Fuller(The Naked Kiss- 1964) Ritwik Ghatak(Jukti Takko Aar Gappo- 1974) Mel Gibson(Braveheart- 1995) Lewis Gilbert(Educating Rita- 1983) Terry Gilliam(Brazil- 1985) Jean-Luc Godard(Breathless- 1960) Michel Gondry(Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind- 2004) Adoor Gopalakrishnan(Swayamvaram- 1972) Ashutosh Gowariker(Lagaan- 2001) Paul Greengrass(The Bourne Ultimatum- 2007) D. W. Griffith(The Birth of a Nation- 1915) James Gunn(Guardians of the Galaxy- 2014) Paul Haggis(Crash- 2004) Michael Haneke(The White Ribbon- 2009) Catherine Hardwicke(Twilight- 2008) Renny Harlin(Die Hard 2- 1990) Hal Hartley(Henry Fool- 1997) Henry Hathaway(Lives of a Bengal Lancer- 1935) Howard Hawks(Gentlemen Prefer Blondes- 1953) Amy Heckerling(Fast Times at Ridgemont High- 1982) Stuart Heisler(Along Came Jones- 1945) Werner Herzog(Rescue Dawn- 2006) George Roy Hill(Slaughterhouse-Five- 1972) Walter Hill(48 Hrs.- 1982) Rajkumar Hirani(3 Idiots- 2009) Oliver Hirschbiegel(Downfall- 2004) Alfred Hitchcock(Psycho- 1960) Tobe Hooper(The Texas Chain Saw Massacre- 1974) Tom Hooper(The King's Speech- 2010) Ron Howard(A Beautiful Mind- 2001) John Hughes(Ferris Bueller's Day Off- 1986) John Huston(The Maltese Falcon- 1941) Kon Ichikawa(Fires on the Plain- 1959) Alejandro Gonzlez Irritu(Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)- 2014) Mikls Jancs(The Red and the White- 1967) Peter Jackson(The Lord of the Rings- 2001-2003) Jim Jarmusch(Broken Flowers- 2005) Jean-Pierre Jeunet(Amlie- 2001) Norman Jewison(In the Heat of the Night- 1967) Karan Johar(Kuch Kuch Hota Hai- 1998) Rian Johnson(Looper- 2012) Joe Johnston(Honey, I Shrunk the Kids- 1989) Chuck Jones(What's Opera, Doc?- 1957) Spike Jonze(Her- 2013) Neil Jordan(The Crying Game- 1992) Raj Kapoor(Awaara- 1951) Wong Kar-wai(Chungking Express- 1994) Elia Kazan(A Streetcar Named Desire- 1951) Buster Keaton(Sherlock, Jr.- 1928) Burt Kennedy(The Rounders- 1965) Mehboob Khan(Mother India- 1957) Abbas Kiarostami(Taste of Cherry- 1997) Krzysztof Kielowski(TheThree Colorstrilogy- 1993-1994) Masaki Kobayashi(The Human Condition- 1959-1961) Barbara Kopple(Harlan County, USA- 1976) Harmony Korine(Spring Breakers- 2012) Stanley Kramer(Judgment at Nuremberg- 1961) Stanley Kubrick(2001: A Space Odyssey- 1968) Akira Kurosawa(Seven Samurai- 1954) Emir Kusturica(Underground- 1995) Fritz Lang(Metropolis- 1927) John Lasseter(Toy Story- 1995) David Lean(Lawrence of Arabia- 1962) Ang Lee(Brokeback Mountain- 2005) Spike Lee(Do the Right Thing- 1989) Mike Leigh(Naked- 1993) Sergio Leone(The Good, the Bad and the Ugly- 1966) Barry Levinson(Rain Man- 1988) Joseph H. Lewis(The Big Combo- 1955) Richard Linklater(Boyhood- 2014) Ken Loach(The Wind That Shakes the Barley- 2006) Joseph Losey(Monsieur Klein- 1976) George Lucas(Star Wars- 1977) Sidney Lumet(Dog Day Afternoon- 1975) Ernst Lubitsch(Heaven Can Wait- 1943) Baz Luhrmann(Moulin Rouge!- 2001) David Lynch(Mulholland Dr.- 2001) Adrian Lyne(Fatal Attraction- 1987) Kevin Macdonald(The Last King of Scotland- 2006) Maria Maggenti(Puccini for Beginners- 2006) Samira Makhmalbaf(At Five in the Afternoon- 2003) Terrence Malick(The Tree of Life- 2011) Louis Malle(Au revoir les enfants- 1987) Joseph L. Mankiewicz(Guys and Dolls- 1955) Anthony Mann(Man of the West- 1958) Michael Mann(Heat- 1995) Rob Marshall(Chicago- 2002) Steve McQueen(12 Years a Slave- 2013) John McTiernan(Die Hard- 1988) Deepa Mehta(Water- 2005) Georges Mlis(A Trip to the Moon- 1902) Sam Mendes(American Beauty- 1999) Mrta Mszros(Diary for My Children- 1984) Takashi Miike(13 Assassins- 2010) Lewis Milestone(All Quiet on the Western Front- 1930) Anthony Minghella(The English Patient- 1996) Hayao Miyazaki(Spirited Away- 2001) Kenji Mizoguchi(Ugetsu- 1953) Mario Monicelli(Rossini! Rossini!- 1991) Michael Moore(Fahrenheit 9/11- 2004) Hrishikesh Mukherjee(Anand- 1971) John Mulholland(Cooper & Hemingway: The True Gen- 2013) F. W. Murnau(4 Devils- 1928) Mira Nair(Salaam Bombay!- 1988) Christopher Nolan(The Dark Knight- 2008) Frank Oz(The Score- 2001) Yasujir Ozu(Tokyo Story- 1953) Padmarajan(Aparan- 1988) Brian De Palma(Scarface- 1983) Park Chan-Wook(Oldboy- 2003) Sergei Parajanov(The Color of Pomegranates- 1969) Alan Parker(Midnight Express- 1978) Pier Paolo Pasolini(Sal, or the 120 Days of Sodom- 1975) Sam Peckinpah(The Wild Bunch- 1969) Arthur Penn(Bonnie and Clyde- 1967) Sean Penn(Into the Wild- 2007) Dadasaheb Phalke(Gangavataran- 1937) Roman Polanski(Chinatown- 1974) Sally Potter(The Man Who Cried- 2000) Otto Preminger(Anatomy of a Murder- 1959) Powell and Pressburger(The Red Shoes- 1948) Bob Rafelson(Five Easy Pieces- 1970) Sam Raimi(Spider-Man- 2002) Harold Ramis(Groundhog Day- 1993) Mani Ratnam(Nayakan- 1987) Nicholas Ray(Rebel Without a Cause- 1955) Satyajit Ray(The Apu Trilogy- 1955-1959) Robert Redford(Quiz Show- 1994) Nicolas Winding Refn(Drive- 2011) Rob Reiner(The Princess Bride- 1987) Ivan Reitman(Ghostbusters- 1984) Jason Reitman(Up in the Air- 2009) Jean Renoir(Grand Illusion- 1937) Alain Resnais(Last Year at Marienbad- 1961) Leni Riefenstahl(Triumph of the Will- 1935) Guy Ritchie(Snatch- 2000) Robert Rodriguez(From Dusk till Dawn- 1996) ric Rohmer(Pauline at the Beach- 1983) George A. Romero(Night of the Living Dead- 1968) Roberto Rossellini(Rome, Open City- 1945) Eli Roth(Hostel- 2005) Bimal Roy(Do Bigha Zamin- 1953) Gus Van Sant(Good Will Hunting- 1997) John Sayles(The Secret of Roan Inish- 1994) Franklin J. Schaffner(Patton- 1970) Volker Schlndorff(The Tin Drum- 1979) Ettore Scola(Le Bal- 1983) Martin Scorsese(Goodfellas- 1990) Ridley Scott(Blade Runner- 1982) Tony Scott(Top Gun- 1986) Lesley Selander(Tall Man Riding- 1955) Shankar(Enthiran- 2010) V. Shantaram(Do Aankhen Barah Haath- 1958) M. Night Shyamalan(The Sixth Sense- 1999) Daryush Shokof(Hitler's Grave- 2011) Vittorio De Sica(Bicycle Thieves- 1948) Don Siegel(Dirty Harry- 1971) Bryan Singer(The Usual Suspects- 1995) Tarsem Singh(The Fall- 2006) John Singleton(Boyz n the Hood- 1991) Robert Siodmak(The Killers- 1946) Kevin Smith(Clerks- 1994) Zack Snyder(300- 2006) Steven Soderbergh(Ocean's Eleven- 2001) Paolo Sorrentino(The Great Beauty- 2013) Steven Spielberg(Schindler's List- 1993) Morgan Spurlock(Super Size Me- 2004) Sylvester Stallone(Rocky Balboa- 2006) George Stevens(Giant- 1956) Oliver Stone(Platoon- 1986) Robert Stromberg(Maleficent- 2014) John Sturges(The Great Escape- 1963) Preston Sturges(The Great McGinty- 1940) Istvn Szab(Mephisto- 1981) Quentin Tarantino(Pulp Fiction- 1994) Andrei Tarkovsky(Solaris- 1972) Bla Tarr(Stntang- 1994) Giuseppe Tornatore(Cinema Paradiso- 1988) Guillermo del Toro(Pan's Labyrinth- 2006) Andre De Toth(House of Wax- 1953) Jacques Tourneur(Cat People- 1942) Lars von Trier(Melancholia- 2011) Ji Trnka(The Emperor's Nightingale- 1949) Franois Truffaut(The 400 Blows- 1959) Jon Turteltaub(National Treasure- 2004) Tom Tykwer(Run Lola Run- 1998) Jean-Marc Valle(Dallas Buyers Club- 2013) Agns Varda(Clo from 5 to 7- 1962) Gore Verbinski(Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl- 2003) Paul Verhoeven(RoboCop- 1987) King Vidor(The Champ- 1931) Denis Villeneuve(Incendies- 2010) Thomas Vinterberg(The Hunt- 2012) Luchino Visconti(The Leopard- 1963) The Wachowskis(The Matrix- 1999) James Wan(The Conjuring- 2013) John Waters(Cry-Baby- 1990) Marc Webb(500 Days of Summer- 2009) Peter Weir(The Truman Show- 1998) Orson Welles(Citizen Kane- 1941) Wim Wenders(Paris, Texas- 1984) James Whale(Frankenstein- 1931) Joss Whedon(The Avengers- 2012) Robert Wiene(The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari- 1920) Cornel Wilde(Beach Red- 1967) Billy Wilder(The Apartment- 1960) Robert Wise(West Side Story- 1961) John Woo(Face/Off- 1997) Ed Wood(Plan 9 from Outer Space- 1959) Sam Wood(For Whom the Bell Tolls- 1943) Edgar Wright(Shaun of the Dead- 2004) Joe Wright(Atonement- 2007) William Wyler(Ben-Hur- 1959) Edward Yang(Yi Yi: A One and a Two- 2000) David Yates(Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix- 2007) Peter Yates(Bullitt- 1968) Zhang Yimou(Hero- 2002) Karel Zeman(The Fabulous Baron Munchausen- 1961) Robert Zemeckis(Forrest Gump- 1994) Mai Zetterling(Loving Couples- 1964) Fred Zinnemann(From Here to Eternity- 1953) Rob Zombie(The Devil's Rejects- 2005)See also[edit]Film portal

List of film and television directors Outline of film Alan Smithee(pseudonym for anonymous directors) Filmmaking Auteur theory List of Austrian film directors List of Belgian film directors List of Brazilian directors List of British film directors List of Burmese film directors List of Canadian directors List of Chinese film directors List of Danish film directors List of directorial debuts List of female directors List of female film directors List of film director and actor collaborations List of film director and cinematographer collaborations List of film director and composer collaborations List of film director and editor collaborations List of film directors from Italy List of French film directors List of Hungarian film directors List of Indian film directors List of Iranian film directors List of Irish film directors List of Japanese film directors List of Khmer film directors List of Korean film directors List of Mexican film directors List of New Zealand film directors List of Pakistani film directors List of Portuguese film directors List of prolific film directors List of Quebec film directors List of Romanian film directors List of Slovenian film directors List of Sri Lankan film directors List of Swedish film directors List of Thai film directors List of Egyptian film directors List of Turkish film directors List of Welsh film directorsReferences[edit]1. ^Jump up to:abc"Princeton review". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.2. Jump up^http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/average-film-director-salary-per-movie-7732.html. Accessed on March 22, 2014.3. Jump up^Google Books4. ^Jump up to:abc"Career Profile Film Director". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.5. Jump up^"Employment Film Director". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.6. ^Jump up to:ab"Career snapshot". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.7. Jump up^"They must work with producers, writers, cast members, crew members, designers and other professionals in order to implement that vision". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.8. Jump up^"A film director needs...". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.9. Jump up^"Film Director Career". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.10. Jump up^"Job Profile". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.11. Jump up^McRae, Alex (June 1, 2006)."You have to be a diplomat. You have to marshal a whole load of creative people, who often don't get on with each other, and your job is to stop things turning into a bun-fight.".The Independent(London). RetrievedMarch 3,2013.12. Jump up^"What is a Director?". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.13. Jump up^"directors work under a lot of pressure, and most are under constant stress to find their next job.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.14. Jump up^"The director is bound by financial conditions, which however should not hinder him from developing his own artistic signature.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.15. Jump up^Hornaday, Ann (May 16, 1993)."Realizing that an NC-17 rating could hurt business (some theaters and newspapers won't show or advertise NC-17 movies), Mr. Verhoeven cut 47 seconds of the most graphic sex and violence".The New York Times. RetrievedMay 16,1993.Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)16. Jump up^"Career as a film director". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.17. Jump up^Brennan, Judy (March 13, 1997)."The Fight Over 'Broadway Brawler'".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedMarch 13,1997.Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)18. Jump up^Google Books19. Jump up^"Many are experienced actors, editors or writers". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.20. Jump up^"Many directors get formal training and education in their craft at a film school.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.21. Jump up^"In the Fiction Film bachelor studio students learn the basic principles, techniques and procedures of film direction and production". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.22. Jump up^"Classes supporting this area discuss and rehearse: preparation, shot lists and storyboards, blocking, protocols of dealing with professional actors, reading scripts, the construction of film sequence". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.23. Jump up^"We operate from a purpose-built studio facility in Harrow, with two sound stages, a set construction workshop, and extensive post-production facilities.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.24. Jump up^"An intrinsic element of the education, alongside the transfer of organizational and technical skills, is to provide the students with insights into social contexts and relationships". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.25. Jump up^"The directing studies 5 years of study: a first cycle of 3 years and a second cycle of 2 years.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.26. Jump up^"The students' final project is a film produced on a professional level and presented to the public on national TV.". RetrievedMarch 15,2013.27. Jump up^"If you're a student and making your film within a film school then you should be aware that some film schools will retain the copyright in the films that you make during your enrollment". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.28. Jump up^"Many successful film directors, including Oscar Winning Best Director of 'The Kings Speech', Tom Hooper, began their careers in television, which provided the platform to progress through the industry.". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.29. Jump up^"The DFFB cooperates with the Berlin/Brandenburg TV station RBB and ARTE and produces 3 short films of 30minutes lengths for RBB and 10 short films of 5 minutes lengths for ARTE". RetrievedMarch 3,2013.30. Jump up^http://work.chron.com/typical-salary-film-director-2669.html. Accessed on March 22, 2014Bibliography[edit] Spencer Moon:Reel Black Talk: A Sourcebook of 50 American Filmmakers, Greenwoood Press 1997 The St. James Women Filmmakers Encyclopedia: Women on the Other Side of the Camera, Visible Ink Press, 1999 International dictionary of films and filmmakers, ed. by Tom Pendergast, 4 volumes, Detroit [etc.]: St. James Press, 4th edition 2000, vol. 2: Directors Contemporary North American Film Directors: A Wallflower Critical Guide(Wallflower Critical Guides to Contemporary Directors), ed. by Yoram Allon Del Cullen and Hannah Patterson, Second Edition, Columbia Univ Press 2002 Alexander Jacoby, Donald Richie:A Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors: From the Silent Era to the Present Day, Stone Bridge Press, 2008,ISBN 1-933330-53-8 Rebecca Hillauer:Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers, American University in Cairo Press, 2005,ISBN 977-424-943-7 Roy Armes:Dictionary of African Filmmakers, Indiana University Press, 2008,ISBN 0-253-35116-2 Philippe Rege:Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Scarecrow Press, 2009