ABO Blood Types & ABO Blood Types & TransfusionsTransfusions

Who can donate blood?Who can donate blood?

Who can donate blood? (don’t Who can donate blood? (don’t write)write)

►Anyone over age 17 Anyone over age 17 ►Weigh at least 110 lbsWeigh at least 110 lbs►Healthy Healthy

Who can’t donate blood?Who can’t donate blood?

Can’t give bloodCan’t give blood

►If you’ve used IV drugs (heroin)If you’ve used IV drugs (heroin)►Hemophiliacs Hemophiliacs ►If you have HIV or AIDSIf you have HIV or AIDS►If you have hepatitisIf you have hepatitis►Anyone who has/has had cancer Anyone who has/has had cancer

►Body can lose 15-30% of total Body can lose 15-30% of total blood volume (~1-2 liters) and blood volume (~1-2 liters) and person still livesperson still lives

Why do people need Why do people need transfusions? transfusions?

►1. Disease (sickle cell anemia, 1. Disease (sickle cell anemia, Leukemia)Leukemia)

►2. Cancer 2. Cancer ►3. Surgery- open heart= 10 pints3. Surgery- open heart= 10 pints►4. Accidents4. Accidents►5. Organ transplants5. Organ transplants

How much blood is given a How much blood is given a year? (don’t write)year? (don’t write)

►13.9 million units (~pint)13.9 million units (~pint)►8 million people give blood 8 million people give blood

a year for 4.5 million that a year for 4.5 million that need it,need it,

►Few than 5% of eligible Few than 5% of eligible Americans donate blood a Americans donate blood a yearyear

How long will it take to How long will it take to replenish? (don’t write)replenish? (don’t write)

►They take 1 pint of bloodThey take 1 pint of blood►Blood volume/plasma Blood volume/plasma

replenished in 24 hrsreplenished in 24 hrs►RBC’s in 4-8 weeksRBC’s in 4-8 weeks

What blood types are out What blood types are out there?there?

Blood types (write from Blood types (write from now on)now on)

O 46%O 46%

A 40%A 40%

B 10%B 10%

AB 4%AB 4%

What makes Type A different What makes Type A different from Type B?from Type B?

►Scientist: Karl Scientist: Karl LandstienerLandstienerSaw two different Saw two different antigens on surface of antigens on surface of RBC’s RBC’s

►Antigen: substance that the Antigen: substance that the body recognizes as foreignbody recognizes as foreign

►Immune system releases Immune system releases antibodies in response to itantibodies in response to it

►Self-antigen: antigens that Self-antigen: antigens that are normally found in our are normally found in our bodies (person-specific)bodies (person-specific)Our bodies ignore theseOur bodies ignore these

Karl Labeled one A and one BKarl Labeled one A and one B If RBC had neither, Type OIf RBC had neither, Type O If RBC had both, Type ABIf RBC had both, Type AB

If you get wrong If you get wrong blood type, blood blood type, blood clumps clumps “Agglutination“Agglutination””

►clogs vesselsclogs vessels►Foreign RBCs are Foreign RBCs are

lysed (broken)lysed (broken)►Free hemoglobin Free hemoglobin

molecules block molecules block kidneys (um… kidneys (um… bad)bad)

When transfusions go bad:When transfusions go bad:

►FeverFever►ChillsChills►NauseaNausea►vomitingvomiting

Blood type factsBlood type facts

►Genetic!Genetic!►Can be ethnic specific Can be ethnic specific ►Some are rare, 1/1000 people Some are rare, 1/1000 people

have ithave it►Everyone has ABOEveryone has ABO