ABC Scrapbook of the holocaust

7/30/2019 ABC Scrapbook of the holocaust

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A

Abwehr: The German equivalent of the CIA. The Abeher served as a military intelligence and counter espionage unit. Theyre main task was t o

gain information on Allied movements.


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B

Babi Yar: A ravine two miles from the outskirts of Kiev. This was where the Nazi mobile killing units massacred more than 33,000 Jews on 29-30

September 1941. During the following months, executions of Jews, Gypsies, Soviet POWs, and handicapped hospital patients pushed the total

dead at Babi Yar close to 100,000.


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C

Chelmno: Killing center opened in late December 1941 in incorporated western where the SS, using special mobile gas vans, killed more than

320,000 Jews from Lodz and Poznan provinces as well as about 5,000 Austrian Gypsies incarcerated in the Lodz ghetto. Its main operation

period was from December 1941 to March 1943 and it resumed operation between April and August 1944 during the liquidation of the Lodz

ghetto


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D

Dachau: The first concentration camp, near Munich, Germany. The camp opened on 20 March 1933. When the camp opened, only known

political opponents were interned. Gradually, more and more groups were incarcerated there. In Dachau there was no mass extermination

program, but out of the total number of 206,206 registered prisoners, there were 31,591 registered deaths. However, the total number of

deaths in Dachau, including the victims of individual and mass executions and the final death marches, will never be known. On 29 April 1945 the

camp was liberated


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E

Einsatzgruppen: A mobile unit of the SS who followed behind the main lines. They were seen as an elite force similar to the American Navy

SEALs. Theyre Main task was to eliminate any and all Jews, handicapped and soviet commanders left behind the main army lines .


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F

Fhrer (Fuehrer): Adolf Hitler was the only man to ever use this title. After his election he officially denounced the title chancellor and demanded

to be cal the Der Fhrer. This translates roughly into guild or leader.


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G

Gestapo: The german special police. The Gestapo were in charge of supervising the Ghettos as well as executions in the forms of mass shooting.

They were established in 1933 and by 1936 their power was reconized across Germany.


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H

Hadamar: A psychiatric hospital founded in 1906 The red brick clinic was located in the town of Hadamar. From 1941 to 1945, it was rented to T4

as the site of a "euthanasia" killing center where more than 11,000 people were murdered.


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I

International Military Tribunal: The United States, Great Britain, France, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics charted this court to

prosecute Nazi war criminals. The majority of the people wjo were sentenced to this court were executed. Most commonly the charges werehomicide and genocide and rape, but there were a few less serious trials such as war time looting charges.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=International+Military+Tribunal&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=STV0zBPXsD-fEM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East&docid=HBMh6hUV7ZDEfM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/IMTFE_judges.jpg/300px-IMTFE_judges.jpg&w=300&h=194&ei=TJtqT7bKJ8aysgKBpK2GBg&zoom=1


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.J

Judenrat (Jewish Council): Council of 'elders' established on Nazi orders in ghettos in Poland and occupied Soviet and Baltic territories. While

theoretically the Judenrat administered the ghettos, they were, in reality totally under Nazi domination. They were forced to implement German

orders while attempting, usually in vain, to modify them.


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K

Katyn Forest Massacre: In 1940 more than 4,000 Polish army officers were murdered at Katyn. Both the Soviet Union and Germany denied

responsibility and blamed the other for the massacre, but it is now believed that the NKVD (the Soviet secret police) was responsible. In 1943 the

Polish government-in-exile in London charged the Soviets with responsibility for the massacre, and the Soviet Union severed relations with the

London Poles on 25 April 1943.


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L

Lidice: A Czech mining village. In revenge for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, the Nazis " liquidated" the village in 1942. They shot the

men and older boys, deported the women and children to concentration camps, razed the village to the ground and struck its name from the

map. After World War II a new village was built near the site of the old Lidice, which is now a national park and memorial.


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M

Maly Trostinets: Concentration camp in eastern Byelorussia, near Minsk, Jews from the final operations in Minsk were murdered and buried at

Maly Trostinets in July 1942 and in October 1943. Also during 1942 Jews from the Protectorate, Austria, Germany, Holland and Poland were

transported to Maly Trostinets to be killed. It is believed that there are 65,000 bodies at Maly Trostinets, including those of about 39,000 Jews

from the final operations in Minsk.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Maly+Trostinets&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=tAflMnupYktJ1M:&imgrefurl=http://www.deathcamps.org/occupation/maly%20trostinec.html&docid=qzMb2uFmt3Xn-M&imgurl=http://www.deathcamps.org/occupation/pic/map%2520maly.jpg&w=361&h=227&ei=NaBqT4LNF6f5sQLi5KH3BQ&zoom=1


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N

Nuremberg Laws: Two laws issued in 1935 to further exclusion from German life of persons considered different, drawing distinctions between

Aryans and non-Aryans. The first law removed the citizenship of non-Aryans, and the second law defined them and prohibited them from

engaging in sexual relations with Germans. The laws were proclaimed at the annual Nazi party rally in Nuremberg on September 15, 1935.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Nuremberg+Laws&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=WRIM8ILm5uMw5M:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws&docid=VzxJzjOnpKCI9M&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuremberg_laws.jpg/250px-Nuremberg_laws.jpg&w=250&h=175&ei=OqFqT9zJK6LLsQKKq4mMBg&zoom=1


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O

Operation Harvest Festival (in German, Aktion Emtefest): On November 3, 1943, the liquidation of 6,000 Jewish workers transferred from the

Warsaw ghetto earlier that year to factories in Trawniki and Poniatowa, and also the killing of 42,000 Jews in labor camps in the Lublin district


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P

Pan-German League (Alldeutscher Verband): Influencial group of prominent German super-Nationalists founded in September 1890 by Alfred

Hugenberger and others. Its total membership during the Second Reich never reached more than 40,000, but the names of its members read

like a "who's who" of German academic, industrial and political life. Its primary focus was unification of all German-speaking peoples into one

empire.


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Q

Quisling: A pejorative or insult directed at a citizen of one of the conquered nations who collaborated with the Germans. The term was taken

from the name of Vidkun Quisling, the pro-Nazi Norwegian leader.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Quisling.&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=Lut5WvGytiURJM:&imgrefurl=http://m.eb.com/assembly/31118&docid=JIx13S1fX08iQM&imgurl=http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/47/38547-004-0D8744F7.jpg&w=360&h=450&ei=IqVqT6LsDdPhsQLMuKj-BQ&zoom=1


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R

Ravensbruck: Concentration camp for women opened near Furstenberg in May 1939 Designed to hold 15,000 prisoners, it eventually housed

more than 120,000 women from 23 nations. The prisoners included political prisoners, Jews, Gypsies and Jehovah's Witnesses. It was liberated

by the Soviet Army in late April 1945.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Ravensbruck&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=v-sG0doijXjvYM:&imgrefurl=http://www.jewishgen.org/forgottenCamps/Camps/RavensbruckEng.html&docid=2JVAzGy0H0bqqM&imgurl=http://www.jewishgen.org/forgottenCamps/Images/Ravensbruck5.gif&w=340&h=237&ei=gaVqT_3uO4rlsQKU09XwBQ&zoom=1


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S

SA (Sturm-Abteilung): The so-called "Storm Troopers" also known as the "Brownshirts." Until Hitler came to power, the SA was the most

important paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party, and his strongest supporters. In early 1934, Heinrich Himmler, ambitious head of the SS,

successfully conspired against SA Chief of Staff Ernst Roehm (Rhm), resulting in his summary execution along with most of his top lieutenants

during the "Night of the Long Knives" on June 30, 1934
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=sa+sturmabteilung&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=1Gp3AbmUx3vchM:&imgrefurl=http://germanmilitariacollectibles.com/blog/2007/10/early-ss-uniform.html&docid=dgPIEtJ49DeZXM&imgurl=http://germanmilitariacollectibles.com/blog/uploaded_images/ss_early__4_-758558.jpg&w=560&h=400&ei=K6ZqT5zPHenIsQLG6p31BQ&zoom=1


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T

Thule Society: Mysterious secret society that began shortly before the end of WWI. Many leading members of the Nazi party were later said to

be among its members. Is was the center of the counter-revolutionary movement, a hot-bed of ultra-nationalism and Pan-Germanic mysticism.

Some researchers believe its inner circle was a coven of occultists led by Dietrich Eckart and that Adolf Hitler was a "visiting" member.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=thule+society&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=HTTYUTFCGePsxM:&imgrefurl=http://www.bilderberg.org/skulbone.htm&docid=6BWB4s1FnIE5MM&imgurl=http://www.bilderberg.org/gwsbones.jpg&w=600&h=346&ei=AahqT6PEFeWxsgLas_zyBQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=10377&sig=115456457377330599360&page=1&tbnh=91&tbnw=158&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&tx=-199&ty=46


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U

U-Boats (Unterseeboot): German designation for submarines. Their function was to shoot at allied ships from a safe location underwater. They

are an example of Nazi Germanys huge innovations in technology.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=U-Boats&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=CU5ylRMGChFjzM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-boat&docid=5iscIqFLvzLlcM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/U534.jpg/250px-U534.jpg&w=250&h=167&ei=2qhqT57oJ6rHsQKZh53_BQ&zoom=1


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V

Volksgenossen: Members of the Volk (race or people). Racial comrades. This included anyone in the axis powers who was Aryan.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Volksgenossen&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=MpC0PsShys2JwM:&imgrefurl=http://popartmachine.com/item/pop_art/LOC+1086566&docid=mS2HSTOq6V7FkM&imgurl=http://popartmachine.com/artwork/LOC%2B1086566/0/NSDAP-Volksgemeinschaft---Volksgenossen-braucht-Ihr-Rat-und-Hilfe--...-painting-artwork-print.jpg&w=438&h=640&ei=XKpqT9CeNKLisQLUh4n0BQ&zoom=1


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W

Wannsee Conference: A meeting of Nazi upperclassmen called by Reinhard Heydrich to coordinate and implement the logistics of the "Final

Solution." It was held at a lakeside villa in Wannsee, a suburb of Berlin, on January 20, 1942.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Wannsee+Conference&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=d8fo4JRhi9KBlM:&imgrefurl=http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=110644&docid=Ic6G1_o5M4RvpM&imgurl=http://img296.imageshack.us/img296/7973/wannseekonferenz01et4.jpg&w=440&h=314&ei=v6tqT8HNI8L4sQKG_oSOBg&zoom=1


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X

X ray machines were on of the various instruments tested on Jewish specimen in concentration camps. The X ray machine was m ost commonly

used to sterilize patients both male and female the patients usually suffered a slow agonizing death s hortly after due to the effects of being

exposed to large sums of radiations for large sums of time.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=x+ray+machine&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=GkDqU1IdeM_bwM:&imgrefurl=http://www.noah.org/science/x-ray/stong/&docid=sUeGxb_pJfiskM&imgurl=http://www.noah.org/science/x-ray/stong/fig233.png&w=1031&h=797&ei=LKxqT5e_I4musgKw14HwBQ&zoom=1


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Y

Young Plan: A plan for reorganizing Germany's WWI reparation payments. The plan named for Owen D. Young, an Amnerican businessman. It

also established a Bank for International Settlements to handle the payments. Many Germans complained the Young Plan would enslave their

unborn children and grandchildren to this bank for generations. These fears and resentments, combined with the stock market crash later in the

year, did much to enforce Hitler and his movement. In 1934, after Hitler came to power, the war-debt agreements totally collapsed and no

further payments were made by any nation.


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Z

Zyklon B: A brand-name of pesticide. Its active ingredient was Hydrogen cyanide (Prussic Acid) in crystalline form. Zyklon B was used to murder

millions of people, mostly Jews, in the gas chambers of Auschwitz-Birkenau and several other killing centers.
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=zyklon+b&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1366&bih=614&tbm=isch&tbnid=apE7PxB1XXAdqM:&imgrefurl=http://www.whale.to/b/widmann1.html&docid=PLA1UvqYBtn0oM&imgurl=http://www.whale.to/b/zyklon.jpg&w=270&h=379&ei=hrBqT8_EF6v5sQLE_bDkBQ&zoom=1


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Table of contentsPg 1 A Abwehr

Pg 2 B Babi Yar

Pg 3 C Chelmno

Pg 4 D Dachau

Pg 5 E Einsatzgruppen

Pg 6 F Fhrer

Pg 7 G Gestapo

Pg 8 H Hadamar

Pg 9 I International Military Tribunal

Pg 10 J Judenrat

Pg 11 K Katyn Forest Massacre

Pg 12 L Lidice

Pg 13 M Maly Trostinets

Pg 14 N Nuremberg Laws

Pg 15 O Operation Harvest Festival


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Pg 16 P Pan-German League

Pg 17 Q Quisling

Pg 18 R Ravensbruck

Pg 19 S SA (Sturm-Abteilung)

Pg 20 T Thule Society

Pg 21 U U Boat

Pg 22 V Volksgenossen

Pg 23 W Wannsee Conference

Pg 24 X X-rays

Pg 25 Y Young Plan

Pg 26 Z Zyklon B


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Work citedInformation: "EXPANDED GLOSSARY." THE HOLOCAUST. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. .

Pictures: www.google.com/image/holoucaust

Documents

ABC Scrapbook of the holocaust