APPLICATION BULLETIN | High Functioning Solvents (Elevance HFS®) | Flowback aid

HIGH FUNCTIONING SOLVENTS (ELEVANCE HFS®) | FLOWBACK AID

aASTM D2887 | Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

bASTM D93 | Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

Elevance HFS® 10, 12 and 1012 are unsaturated C10 and C12 methyl ester solvents produced from plant oil feedstocks that improve solvency and boost performance in various oil field applications.

Typical Elevance HFS® Application Areas

• Flowback aid for fracturing fluids

• Cement spacer and wellbore cleanout spacer

• On and off-shore rig cleaning

• Pipeline cleaning

• Oil field applications targeting replacement of terpenes, BTEX and other solvents

Why Choose Elevance HFS®?

• High solvency compared to d-Limonene, dipentene, and other solvents

• Improved Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) profile over d-Limonene and dipentene

• Non-flammable

• VOC exempt in the US

• Free of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene (BTEX)

• Readily biodegradable and derived from plant oils

• Stable pricing and reliable sourcing compared to d-Limonene

Table 1. Typical properties for Elevance HFS® 10, Elevance HFS® 12 and Elevance HFS® 1012 solvents.

Physical PropertyElevance HFS® 10

Elevance HFS® 12

Elevance HFS® 1012

Bio-Based Carbon (>70%) Yes Yes Yes

Melting Point, oC -28 -35 -50

Boiling Pointa, oC 233 267 233-267

Vapor Pressureb, Pa @ 25oC 13.4 0.99 6.6

Flash Pointb, oC 102 127 102

Density, g/ml 0.89 0.88 0.89

Surface Tension, dynes/cm 28.8 29.7 28.8

Kauri-butanol Value 97-100 83-87 87-95

Biodegradable Yes Yes Yes

Static Sheen Test Pass Pass Pass

ELEVANCE HFS® | FLOWBACK AID

Application – Flowback aid

Flowback aids can be used during hydraulic fracturing to increase production. A type of flowback aid can be a microemulsion which is a thermodynamically clear solution containing solvents, surfactants and water. In this application bulletin, Elevance compared performance of several HFS solvents to d-Limonene and a commercially available microemulsion. The microemulsions were made exactly the same except the solvent was changed and contains Elevance HFS® 10, Elevance HFS® 12, Elevance HFS® 1012 or d-Limonene. A commercially available competitive product, which contains d-Limonene as the solvent, is used as a reference point.

A packed column was used to compare the various microemulsion formulations. Elevance HFS® microemulsions exhibited faster recovery of oil as compared to those of d-Limonene as a flowback aid. See Figure 1 and 2.

Packed Column Testing Procedure

In order to determine which microemulsion with varying solvents works best, a packed column test was used. A 100 gram mixture of -70/+140 mesh sand was pre-blended to ensure size uniformity prior to carefully packing a 1” diameter column. A 2 wt% KCl solution was added and flowed through the column to achieve a steady state. Then a 1.0 gpt of the flowback aid, in this case a microemulsion, was flowed through the column; several pore volumes were used to displace the 2% KCl fluid, stopping when the “treatment” fluid eluted down to the top of the packing. L-Par oil was carefully added to the column and the gravity elution continued.

The amount of oil produced as a function of time was recorded and compared to the other microemulsions. This procedure was repeated for each microemulsion formula. The baseline flowed only 2% KCl and L-Par oil. This is shown in Figure 1 and 2. From this study it was concluded that Elevance HFS® showed better oil production.

Weighing Scale

Collector

P2 = 14.7 psi

Proppant

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P1

Figure 2. Elevance HFS® products deliver increased oil production

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75Elevance HFS® 12

Elevance HFS® 10

Elevance HFS® 1012

d-Limonene Commercial Product with d-Limonene

NoAdditive

PACKED -70/+140 SAND COLUMN NORMALIZED TEST RESULTS

ADDITIVE IN 1.0 GPT MICROEMULSION

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Oil Production

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2% (wt) KCI

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-70/+140 PACKED SAND COLUMN USING 1.0 GPT MICROEMULSION IN 2% KCI AND ISOPAR L OIL

Figure 1. Elevance HFS® demonstrates better oil production Magnified “Oil Production” of Figure 1.

HFS® 12 HFS® 10 d-Limonene HFS® 1012 Commercial Product

with d-Limonene No Additive

Elevance HFS® Yields Uniform Microemulsions

Dynamic light scattering of an Elevance HFS® microemulsion (0.5 gpt) reveals small uniform solvent droplets with an average particle diameter of 119 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.122 (Figure 3). Small particle sizes can improve reservoir capillary delivery, demulsification and solvency. The Elevance logo on the back of the bottle is clearly visible, consistent with the nanoparticle size of a microemulsion made with Elevance HFS® as the solvent.

ELEVANCE HFS® | FLOWBACK AID

Figure 3. Particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering of a 0.5 gpt Elevance HFS® microemulsion formulation and the appearance of a 0.5 gpt Elevance HFS® microemulsion formulation.

1.0 10.0DIAMETER (NM)

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Elevance HFS® Improves Gas Permeation in Sandstone

A core flow study was conducted with quarried Ohio sandstone to evaluate the effect of an Elevance HFS® 1012 microemulsion compared to a d-Limonene microemulsion on gas permeability. Figure 4 shows the percent gas permeability improvement following microemulsion treatment as compared to control treatment with 2% KCl alone at multiple increasing flowing pressures. The microemulsions were formulated exactly the same except in one microemulsion containing d-Limonene, and the other containing Elevance HFS® 1012 solvents.

Figure 4. Elevance HFS® is superior to d-Limonene in improving gas permeability in sandstone.

40 psi 60 psi 90 psi

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% PERMEABILITY (Kg) IMPROVEMENT

Elevance HFS® in 2% KCI d-Limonene in 2% KCI

ELEVANCE HFS® | FLOWBACK AID

Hazard Classification

Elevance HFS® 10

Elevance HFS® 12

Elevance HFS® 1012 d-Limonene

Flammable Liquid

Noneb Noneb Noneb

Category 3a

Skin Irritation Noned Noned Noned

Category 2c

Skin Sensitizer Noned Noned Noned

Category 1e

Aquatic Toxicity Noneg

Acute — Category 1h

Acute — Category 1h

Acute — Category 1f

a H226 Flammable liquid and vaporb Non-flammablec H315 Causes skin irritationd Not classified as a skin irritant or sensitizere H317 May cause an allergic skin reactionf H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effectsg Not classified as hazardoush H400 Very toxic to aquatic life

Industry Certifications

• Non-flammable (ASTM D-93) by OSHA standard 29 CFR

1910.106

• VOC-excempt (40 CFR 59.203 — Standards for consumer

products, U.S.)

• TSCA-listed and REACh-registered

• California Air Resource Board LVP VOC (CARB Method 310)

• Readily biodegradable by OECD Method 301

• Reviewed by EPA’s Safer Choice program and qualifies for

use in Safer Choice-labeled products

• Free of components listed in EU Dangerous Substances

Directive (Regulation No. 1272/2008)

LEVERAGE THE SUPERIOR CLEANING PERFORMANCE OF ELEVANCE HFS® TO BUILD YOUR BUSINESS.

TO LEARN MORE AND REQUEST A SAMPLE:

www.elevance.com/products 866-625-7103 CustomerService@elevance.com

Headquartered in Woodridge, Ill., Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. is a high-growth specialty chemical company that creates novel specialty chemicals that perform better from renewable feedstocks, making the products that industry and consumers use every day better. Using a proprietary technology called olefin metathesis, the company helps industry deliver products that exceed the performance of existing products while leaving a smaller environmental footprint—for use in personal care products, detergents and cleaners, engineered polymers, lubricants and additives and other specialty chemicals markets. Visit www.elevance.com.

Copyright © 2019 Elevance Renewable Sciences. All rights reserved As of 09/26/2019

Health and Worker Safety

Elevance HFS® products exhibit high flash points and low vapor pressures which contribute to improved worker safety versus other solvents, and reduced shipping, handling and storage costs. Elevance HFS® products are not classified as toxic or skin sensitizing. Elevance HFS® 10 is HazCom label free. All Elevance HFS® products are readily biodegradable

Table 2. Hazard Classification comparison between Elevance HFS® products and d-Limonene

Elevance HFS® is Non Flammable

Figure 4. ASTM D93 | Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

Elevance HFS® 10 and Elevance HFS® 12 are non-flammable in accordance with OSHA designations, imparting an added element of safe handling and transport.1

Testing Methodology: ASTM D93 | Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester1 OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.106

FLA

SH P

OIN

T (º

C)

HFS® 10 d-LimoneneAromatic 150™

HFS® 12 Methyl Soyate

Rhodiasolv®

IRIS

150

100

50

0

102

127

6243

130

9093° C1