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A WORD TO TEACHER
The teachers should be a friend and guide to the students Motivate the students in studying the text book Appreciate the progress made by the students and congratulate their achievements Adopt child centered approach Use technology aided teaching. Give importance to eye more than ear. Wherever possible go beyond text book, give examples and illustrations in day to day life. Encourage group discussions and group activities in class Develop critical thinking in the child by encouraging him to develop his own questions. Give practice to draw well labeled diagrams.
Ensure that the students solve the question paper given in the study material so that they develop confidence in answering the board papers.
A WORD TO STUDENTS
The students should have planned and a systematic method of study of the text book. Practice the questions given in the study material as it covers the entire syllabus. Practice to draw the diagrams as suggested in the study material. Ensure that the
diagrams are labeled correctly. Give importance to application type of questions Read the questions well before answering. Understand what is asked and answer to the
point. Write paragraphs where necessary but avoid answer to point so that you will have
sufficient time to complete the paper. Tie the papers properly, and in order before submitting them. Read all the chapters carefully. The study material is student friendly. So make the maximum use of it. If not able to answer, skip to the next question. DON’T WASTE THE TIME on one question.
Have confidence in you, you can do it. Score high marks.
DESIGN OF QUESTION PAPER
(For CBSE Examination Year::2010-11)
Geography (Theory)
Class XII Max. Marks: 70 Time: 3 hours
The weightage or the distribution of marks over the different dimensions of the question paper shall be as follows:-
1. Weightage to form of questions:-
Form of questions
No. of questions
Marks for each question
Total marks
Estimated time (in minutes)
Long answer (LA)
5 5 25 55
Short answer (SA)
10 3 30 70
Very short answer (VSA)
10 1 10 20
Map question 1 5 5 15Total 26 - 70 160+20 minutes. for revision
Total Time: 180 minutes.
2. Weightage to content (Chapter nos. of NCERT textbooks are given against each unit within brackets)
Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography (Textbook I) 35 marks
Unit No. Title of the unit & Ch. Nos. of the textbooks Marks1. Human Geography: Nature and scope (Ch. 1) 32. People (Ch. 2 to 4) 53. Human Activities (Ch. 5 to 7) 104. Transport, Communication and Trade (Ch. 8 and 9) 105. Human Settlements (Ch. 10) 56. Map work- World map (for identification only relating to Units 1 to 5) 2
Part B: India- People and Economy (Textbook II) 35 marks
Unit No. Title of the unit & Ch. Nos. of the textbooks Marks7. People (Ch. 1 to 3) 5 8. Human Settlements (Ch. 4) 4 9. Resource and sustainable development (Ch. 5 to 9) 12 10. Transport, Communication and International Trade (Ch. 10 & 11) 7 11. Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems (Ch. 12) 412. Map work (Map of India for locating and labeling relating to Units 7 to 11 3
(Locating and Labeling)
3. Weight age to Difficulty Level
Estimated Difficulty Level Percentage
(i) Easy (E) 20 %(ii) Average (AV) 60 %(iii) Difficult (D) 20 %
4. Scheme of options
No internal choice expect for blind students.
Chapter -1
FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Human Geography -- Nature & Scope
1. Make the correct pairs of each item of list-I by selecting appropriate word from list-II
3
List-1 Fields of Human Geography
1.1 Social Geography
1.2 Political Geography
1.3 Economic Geography
List-II Disciplines of Social Science
a) Urban studies and planning
b) Agricultural Sciences
c) Demography
d) History
e) Military Science
2. Explain three features of possibilism approach in Human Geography.
1+1+1= 3
3. What is the new concept of Griffith Taylor in the field of human geography? Describe the
new concept with examples. 1 + 2 = 3
4. State any six sub fields of social Geography. 6* ½ = 3
5. Which are the six sub fields of Economic Geography. 6* ½ = 3
6.What does Human Geography Study? Name same important elements of physical
Geography. 2 + 1 = 3
7.Define the followings:
a) Determinism
b) Possibilism
c) Neo- Determinism 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
8. Which approach was followed by Lucian Febvre and Vidal-de-la Blache in the studies of
Human Geography. Mention two characteristics of this approach.
1 + 2=3
9. Name the approaches to Human Geography that emerged during 1970s. Why did they
emerge and how did they make Human Geography more relevant.
1 + 1 + 1 = 3
10. In Human Geography how is the welfare or Humanistic school of thought different from
radical school of thought. 1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
11. What is Environmental determinism? Give two example. 1+2= 3
12. State two distinguishing characteristic features of: Possibilism & Determinism
1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
13. State three main aspects of Human Environment which are studied in Human geography.
1 + 1 + 1 = 3
14. ‘The study of Human Geography is pragmatic and its stress of the study of human
society’. Explain this statement by giving three examples. 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
15. The physical environment for few societies becomes “Mother Nature “. Explain. 3
16. Explain the concept of the naturalization of humans and Humanisation of nature with
suitable examples. 3
17. How does technology loosen the shackles of environment on human beings? Explain with
Examples. 3
MIND MAP (Human Geography - Nature & Scope)
====================
Chapter -2
World population ; Distribution ,Density$Growth.
1.Which continent has the highest growth of population? 1M 2.Which continent has less number of population ? 1M
3.What are the components of population change ? 1M
4.Name the three geographical factors that influence the population distribution? 3M
5.What are the pull & push factors in geography? 3M
6.What is the difference between density &distribution of population ? 3M
7.Give reasons for the growth of population ? 3M
8.Why study of population education become a vital part of the subject of geography? 5M
9.What sort of correlation is the re in betweeneconomic development&population growth? 5M
10.What is quality of population ?In what best way one can improve the quality of population? 5M
Chapter 3
Population Composition
1. Define the terms sex ratio, ageing population, literacy rate. 1 + 1 +1 = 3
2. .Discuss the causes of unfavorable sex ratio to women. 3
3. Why is age structure an important indicator of population composition? 3
4. Study the given diagram of age-sex pyramid and answer the following questions.
1+2=3
..
1) Which type of population pyramid is represented?
2) Write two characteristics of this type of pyramid.
5. What do you understand by age-sex pyramid? 3
6. ‘The shape of the pyramid reflects the characteristics of the population’. Explain the
statement with suitable examples. 5
7 Name and locate the following in the outline map of the world: –
1)country having highest sex ratio.
2)country having lowest sex ratio.
8.What is sex ratio?Mention the sex- ratio of the world?
==================================================
Chapter 4 Human Development
1. Name two countries of the world having high human development index. 1
2. Name the economist who introduced the concept of human development. 1
3. What is meaningful life? 1
4. What is the score for grouping the countries under high level of human development?
1
5. What is the basic goal of human development? 1
6. How is growth different from development? 1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
7. Explain three main areas of measuring human development. 3
8. Distinguish between Income approach and Welfare approach. 1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
9. Distinguish between basic needs approach and capability approach. 1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
10. Name any four countries having high human development index. Discuss three
reasons for high human development index. 2 + 3 = 5
11. Name any four countries having low human development index. Discuss three reasons
for low human development index. 2 + 3 = 5
12. What do you understand by human development? Explain with examples the four
pillars of human development. 1 + 4 = 5
========================================
Chapter 5
Primary activities
1. Name the two oldest economic activities known. 1
2. Name the process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during
summers and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during winters. 1
3. What is the name given to Grape Cultivation in Mediterranean region? 1
4. Name the type of agriculture in which the farming areas consume all, or nearly so of
the products locally grown. 1
5. Name the region associated with pastoral nomadism. 1
6. Explain three features of underground mining method used in different countries of
the world. 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
7. Mention any six characteristics of ‘Commercial livestock rearing’ in the world.
6 * ½ = 3
8. Bring out the differences between primitive subsistence cultivation and intensive
subsistence cultivation. 1 ½ + 1 ½ =3
9. Distinguish between shifting cultivation and sedentary agriculture by stating three
points of each. 1 ½ + 1 ½ =3
10. Which are the two types of mining? Write two main features of each type.
1 + 2 = 3
11. ‘Dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals in
the world’. Analyse the statement with examples. 3
12. Mention any six characteristics of plantation agriculture. 3
13. Define the term mining. Explain the factors affecting mining activity. 1 + 2 = 3
14. Explain briefly truck farming. 3
15. Discuss the characteristics of mixed farming. 3
16. Discuss the characteristics of gathering. 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
17. Name any two major regions of nomadic herding in the world. Why is this activity
more predominant in these regions? Give two reasons. 1 + 2 = 3
13.What is subsistence agriculture? Name its two categories. State three main features
Of each category 1+1+3=5 hat
is the meaning of market gardening and horticulture? Describe any four characteristics of
this type of agriculture of the world. 1 + 4 = 5
18. Name any six crops of plantation agriculture of the world. Describe any four
characteristics of plantation agriculture. 3 + 2 = 5
19. What do you understand by transhumance? State any four characteristics of pastoral
nomadism. 1 + 4 = 5
20. Distinguish between co-operative farming and collective farming. 2 ½ + 2 ½ = 5
21. Study the map given below and answer the questions that follow. ½ + ½ +2 =3
a. Name any two major areas of nomadic herding in the world.
b. Write any two characteristics of this type of primary activity.
Chapter - 6
Secondary Activities
1. On the basis of ownership, classify industries of the world into three groups. Explain
the main features of each group. Give one example each. 1 + 1+ 1= 3
2. Which type of industries produce raw materials for other industries? 1
3. Why do large-scale industries choose different locations? 1
4. Which type of industry has the following characteristics assembly line, technique of
mass production, advanced technology, use of various raw materials, labour and
enormous energy? 1
5. Name the city known as the “rust bowl” of USA. 1
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by secondary activities? Why are the petrochemical complexes in USA
located on the coastal areas? 1 + 2 = 3
2. What do you understand by retail trading services and wholesale trading services?
1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
3. Distinguish between small scale and large-scale industries by stating three points of
each. 1 + 1 +1 = 3
4. Distinguish between cottage industry and small-scale industry by explaining three
differences of each. 1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
5. Why are traditional large-scale industries known as smoke stack industries?
6. Classify the industries on the basis of ownership. Explain one character of each type
and give one example each. 1 + 1 +1 = 3
7. What are foot loose industries? 3
8. Discuss any five characteristics of modern large-scale manufacturing. 5 * 1 = 5
9. What do you understand by ‘Agri-business’? 3
10. What do you mean by ‘Technopole’? Give two examples. 2 + 1 = 3
=====================================================
Chapter 7
Tertiary and quaternary activities
1. Explain the differences between secondary and tertiary activities. 1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
2. Explain the importance of service sector in the economic development of a country by
giving three suitable examples from different parts of the world. 3
3. Relate the nature of the work with the following colors ½ + 6 = 3
COLOUR OF THE COLLAR NATURE OF WORK
1) Red
2) Gold
3) White
4) Pink
5) Blue
6) Grey
4. ‘Foot loose industries tend to be attracted to build industrial estates or technological
parks’. Where these are generally located? Give reason for their location.
1+1+1 = 3
5. What do you understand by retail and wholesale trading services? 1 ½ + 1 ½ = 3
6. Study the pictures given below and answer the given questions. 1 + 2 = 3
6.1 Give suitable title to the picture.
6.2 State two typical features of the service shown in the picture.
7. What are tertiary activities? Classify these activities on the basis of service involved.
1 + 2 = 3
8. Explain any three characteristics of periodical markets of rural areas in the world.
1+1+1 = 3
9. Explain any three characteristics of urban marketing centers of the world.
1+1+1 = 3
10. Distinguish between informal/non-formal and formal sector of services. 3
11. What is outsourcing? 3
12. Explain Digital divide. 3
13. ‘Tourism is a highly labour intensive activity of a unique kind in the world’. Support
this statement with examples. 3
14 W hat are tertiary activities? 1
15.Jobs that involve high degree and level of innovations are known as
___________________. 1
16. D efine the term ‘Quaternary activity’. 1
17. Explain the term ‘Quinary activity’. 1
Define digital divide. 1
18. The modern economic development in the world is mainly the result of the
development of quaternary services.’ Justify the statement with five suitable
examples. 5x1=5
19. Define the term ‘Trade’. State four characteristics of Rural Marketing centre.
.
1 + 4 =5
20. Define medical tourism. Briefly explain the factors affecting tourist attractions in the
world. 1
1 + 4 =5
21 Define tourism. What are the factors that affect tourism? Describe any two types of
tourist attraction. 1 + 2 + 2 = 5
Tertiary and Quaternary activities
================================================
Rural Marketing
Periodic marketing centre
Urban Marketing centre
Trading centers
Wholesale
Retail
Trade and Commerce
Tertiary Activities
Services
Formal Informal
Factors affecting Transport
Transport and Communication
Telecommunications
Quaternary and Quinary Activities
KPO BPO Outsourcing
Digital Divide
CHAPTER - 8
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
1. What is transport? (1)
2. Name two places which are connected by ‘Orient Express’? (1)
3. Which continent has the highest road length in the world? (1)
4. Name the Railway which connects St.Petersburg in Russia with Vladivostok? (1)
5. Name the waterway which connects the interior parts of USA with Gulf of
Mexico? (1)
6. Which of the following country supplies milk from farms to factories through pipe line?
a) Australia b) India c) New Zealand d)Denmark (1)
7. Name the terminal stations of the largest railway route of in the world? (1)
8. Name the railway line proposed to be constructed between Istanbul and Bangkok?(1)
9. Which is the famous petroleum pipe line of USA? (1)
10. Name two places which are connected by “orient express”? (1)
11. Name the trade canal that links Atlantic ocean with Pacific ocean? (1)
12. Roads laid along international boundaries are called as __________. (1)
13. What term is used for a railway line that runs across a continent and links its two ends?
(1)
14.. Which is the famous pipe line of the USA ? State four advantages of pipe line
transportation? (3)
15. What are the advantages of rail transport? Write four main features of Tran Siberian
Railways ? (3)
16Ex.Plain three factors on which the development ofInlanwaterways in the world depends?
(3)
17. Define the term trans-continental railways? (3)
18What do you understand by the term Cyberspace? (3)
19. Explain the importance of the Great-Lakes-St.Lawrence seaway? (3)
20. How has satellite communication brought revolutionary changes in the field of
communication?
21. Explain with suitable examples. (3)
Trans Canadian Railways
22. Identify the Railway route?
2.3 Name two terminal station of this route? guess the importance of this route?
2.4 How has this Railway route helped in economic development of the region? explain in
two points.
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:
1. Define High ways. Give a brief account of high way network of the world. 1+4= 5
2. What is the importance of roads? Explain any three reasons for the existence of good
quality roads in the developed countries. 2+3=5
3. “In a well managed transparent system various modes complement each other” Support
this statement with five points. 5*1=5
4. Name two major shipping canals of the world. Explain their economic importance.
1+4=5
5. Explain any five developments in improving the efficiency of ocean transport in the
world 5*1=5
Suez Canal
1. Study the given map and answer the questions that follow
(a) Name the canal shown in the map
(b) Which two water bodies are connected by this canal?
(c) In which country this canal is located?
(d) What is the importance of this route?
Trans Siberian Railways/ Trans Canadian/ Trans Australian
1. Name the railway line in this map
2. In which country does this railway line lie?
3. Name the stations Mark A and B in the map.
4. Define the type of railway shown in the map.
5. What is the length of this railway line and through which country does it run?
6. Name the terminal A an B
7. Name the two water bodies connected by this railway
1. Study the map given blow and answer the questions that follow:
PANAMA CANAL
1.1 Name the canal shown in the map.
1.2 Name the country which has constructed this canal.
1.3 Why does this canal have lock system?
1.4 Which two oceans are connected by this shipping canal?
1.5 Name the terminal ports of this shipping canal.
1.6 Why is this canal mostly used by USA?
1.7 Name the ports located at the two ends of the canal.
Rhine Waterway
1. Study the map given below and answer the questions that follow
(a) Name the internal water way shown in the map
(b) How has this inland waterway been a boon in the development of the countries
through which it passes? Explain
Chapter 9
International Trade
1. ‘International trade is the result of specialization in production’. Give three reasons
why international trade exists? 1+1+1=3
2. What are regional trade blocks? Name two such regional trade blocks of which India
is a member/associate member and state one objective of each. 1+1+1=3
3. How are ports classified on the basis of specialized functions? 1+1+1=3
4. Explain the three important components of international trade which set its world
pattern. 3
5. Classify ports on the basis of location. Give suitable examples. 2+1=3
6. What is international trade? 3
7. ‘Sea ports are gateways of international trade’ Elaborate this statement. 3
8. What are Regional Trade Blocks ? Give two examples with their headquarters.
1+1+1=3
9. What do you mean by ASEAN? Where is its headquarters based? Name any two
member countries of ASEAN. 1+1+1=3
10. Discuss the important functions of WTO? 1+1+1=3
11. Explain the three important aspects of international trade. 3
1. Define the word port. Write the classification of ports on the basis of their location.
1 + 4 = 5
2. Name the two types of international trade. Describe two main features of each type.
1 +2 +2 = 5
3. ‘Globalization in along with the free trade can adversely affect the economies of the
developing countries’ support the statement with examples. 5* 1 = 5
4. Why are ports called gateways of international trade? Explain any three facilities
provided by them. 2 +3 = 5
5. Classify the ports on the basis of specialized functions and give one example each.
2 ½ + 2 ½=5
1. Write the full form of OPEC. 1
2.Service land in and around the port is known as _____________. 1
3.The trade between two countries is known as ____________. 1
4. Which of the following nation is not a member of SAFTA. 1
1) Venezuela 2)Pakistan 3) Nepal 4) India
5. Name the international organization dealing with
global rules of trade between nations. 1
6. What do you mean by balance of trade? 1
7. Define the term hinterland. 1
8. What is ‘dumping’? 1
9. Define slave trade. 1
10. How are world’s great ports classified? 1
11. Categorise international trade into two types. 1
12. Name the type of most of the great ports of the world. 1
CHAPTER- 10
Human settlements 1.“Rural settlements in developing countries are large in number and poorly equipped with
infrastructure.” Explain with examples [5]
2. Describe five types of towns on the basis of their functions. Also give an example of each
type of town from different parts of the world. [5]
3. How have the processes of urban growth in developed countries been different? Explain.
Also explain three major problems in mega cities of developing countries. [5]
4. Classify human settlements of the world into two categories. mention four characteristics
of each category. [5]
5. “Rural settlements in the world are affected by several factors.’’ Support this statement
with five suitable examples. [5]
6. Describe five main problems associated with urban settlements in developing countries of
the world. [5]
7. “Rural settlements grow in a variety of situations”. elaborate the statement giving reasons.
[5]
8. What type of people inhabitant by slums? Mention some
problems of slum dwellers. [5]
9. “Human settlements in developing countries suffer from various problems.” explain them
with examples. [5]
10. What are squatter settlements? Give its four characteristics. [5]
11. Classify the urban settlements on the basis of population, occupational structure and
administrative setup and explain with examples [5]
12.Name five types of settlements in the word and write main features of each type.[5]
13 Explain the meaning of rural settlements. Describe any four problems related to rural
settlements of the world. 1 + 4 = 5
14 Discuss various criteria on which rural settlements may be classified. [5]
15 Describe the classification of rural settlements on the basis of forms or shapes of the
settlements. [5]
16 “Depending upon size, services available and functions rendered urban centers are
classified into various types” explain. [5]
17 Explain the priorities outlined by the UNDP as a part of its ‘urban strategy’. [5]
18 Describe the importance of urban-rural linkages. [5]
19 Map work location of mega cities of the world in outline map of the world. [5]
1 Tokyo 2 Mexico city
3 New York 4 Cairo
5 London 6 Moscow
7 Rio-de-Janeiro 8 Tehran
9 Beijing
Phase I1901 – 1921
Stagnant Growth
1981Decline
Population
Phases of Population
Growth
Phase – II1921 – 1951
Steady Growth
Phase – III1951 – 1981
Population Explosion
CHAPTER – 1POPULATION – DISTRIBUTION – DENSITY
– GROWTH AND COMPOSITION.
1. Define Density of population 1M
2. What do you mean by growth rate. Which decade had negative growth rate.1M
3. Name the states having the highest and lowest density of population.1M
4. Name the state with the highest and lowest population1M
5. What is the present growth rate of India.1M
6. Name the states which has lowest growth rate.1M
7. Name the most and least urbanized states of India as per 2001 census.1M
8. Define participation rate. Which state has the highest percentage of working population.
9. Name two states which have higher percentage of Hindu population.1M
10. Define two components of the population growth.1M
11. Which states have very high percentage of rural population in India. Name the state with highest percentage of rural population.
1M
12. When was first population census conducted in India 1M 13. Explain any five causes of dense population in the Satluj-Ganga plain
5M
14. Explain the four phases of demographic growth rate of India.5M
15. What do you understand by participation rate. Explain any four factors responsible for low female participation in economic activities. 5M
16. When
was national youth policy launched by the govt of India? Write down the major thrust areas of this policy 5M
17. What is meant by demographic transition. Explain 5M18Which state has the highest proportion of urban population in India? Give four reasons. 5M
19.How many language families are there in India. Describe them. 5M 20.Explain any five factors responsible for the spatial distribution of population in India.? 5M
21 .Describe the distribution pattern of five major religious group of India. 5M
22. Observe the following map carefully and answer the following questions. 3M
A Name the state and union territory which have a high growth rate. B Write down the name of the state which have a very low growth rate?
C State any one reason for the low growth of population.
23. Study the map given above and answer the question that follows :
AName the state which has the highest density of population. Give one reason for the
highest density of population .2M
B Name the eastern states having the lowest density of population. Give one reason for the above. 2M
C Name the state has less than 800 density of population. 1M
CHAPTER – 2
MIGRATION
1. What is Migration? Which are the four streams of migration in India. Write main features of each. 1+1+2=5m
2. Distinguish between intra-state migration and inter-state migration. 5m
3. Why the Mumbai urban agglomeration received highest migration. Give five reasons. 5m
4. Distinguish between. 5m
a. Intra-state migration and inter-state migration.
b. Push and pull factors of migration.
5. Give five main causes of migration. 5m
6. Enumerate any five major cause of male migration. 5m
7. What does remittance mean ? 1m
8. Which state has benefited the most by foreign remittance? 1m
7. Differentiate between lifetime migrant and migrant by last residence. 1m
9. What are the impact of rural-urban migration on the age structure and sex- ratio of the place of origin and destination? 5m
10.Discuss any five consequences of international migration in India. 5m
11.What are the five negative environmental consequences of migration in India? 5m
12.What are the five major causes of migration among women? 5m
13.What are the socio-demographic consequences of migration? 5m
14.Explain any five economic consequences of migration.
5m
15.Study the below diagram and answer the following questions. 3m
a. In fig2.2. a Male Migration is more, give suitable reason for the migration and state the percentage also.
b. In Fig.2.2.b give suitable reasons for the female migration.
Chapter – 3
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1. What is Human Development? 3M
2. Discuss the Factors determining the nature of Human Development in India 3M
3. Explain various indicators of Human Development. 3M
4. Define the term poverty. Name the state having highest proportion of population below poverty line. Name the state having lowest proportion of population below poverty line. 3M
5. Discuss the approach put forward by sir Robert malthus to express the relationship between scarcity of resources and human population. 3M
6. Elaborate view of Mahatma Gandhi on population resources and development. 3M
7. “India has been placed among the countries showing medium Human Development” Explain. 3M
8. Explain the reasons for low human development index in few states of India.
9. Name the three indicators of human Development? 3M
10. Distinguish between growth and development? 3M
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
1. Define Settlement? 1M 2. Name the two types of settlement. 1M
3. Name the four types of rural settlement found in India. 1M
4. What do you mean by metropolitan city? 1M
5. What do you mean by rural settlement? 1M
6. Write down any two local name of hamleted settlements. 1M
7. What type of rural settlement are found in hilly areas. 1M
8. Write down the name of two pre-historic towns. 1M
9. Give two examples of ancient towns? 1M
10. Name few names of satellite towns of India.
1M
11.What do you mean by mega cities? How many mega cities are there in India. 1M
12.How many metropolitan cities are there as per the 2001
census in India? 1M 13.Name the towns and cities which are specialized in trade and commerce. 1M
14.“Digboi” is the example of which town. 1M
Match the following towns :
3M
A B
1. Jaipur a. Mining Town
2. Ambala b. Educational Town
3. Jheria c. Administrative Town
4. Shimla d. Garrisson Town
5. Aligarh e. Tourist Town
15.Mathura and Madurai comes under which functional towns 1M
16.What do you mean by term urban Agglomeration? 1M
1. What are garrison towns ? 3M 2. What do you mean by specialized cities?
3M
3. What type of rural settlements are generally found in the fertile plains of India. Mention its two features. 3M
4. Differentiate between rural settlement with urban settlements. 3M 5. Classify the towns on the basis of their specialized functions explain any
three. 3M
6. State two differences between industrial towns and mining towns. Give one example of each. 3M
7. Define administrative town. 3M
8. Classify the Indian towns on the basis of the population size.
3M
9. Why do cities become multifunctional? 3M
10.Distinguish between ancient towns and modern towns. 3M
11.Study table given below and answer the following questions.
3M
a. Which class of cities has maximum percentage of growth?
b. Which class of cities has maximum number of cities?
c. What is the number of cities belonging to the population size – 50,000-99,999?
12.Study the map and answer the following questions. 3M a. How many metropolitan cities are there in Andhra Pradesh
b. How many cities have 10 million population?
c. Name the Metropolitan city of Kerala state.On the outline map of India mark the following with suitable symbols. 3m
1. Ankaleshwar Mining Town2. Kolkata Commercial Town3. Ambala Garrisson Town4. Gandhi Nagar Administrative Town5. Mount Abu
6. Chennai
Tourist Town
Administrative Town
CHAPTER – 5
UNIT – III
LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE
1. What is a reporting area ? 1m
2. Name some items which indicate non-agricultural use of India. 1m
3. What are the three categories of landuse in India according to land revenue? 3m
4. How is reporting area different from geographical area? 3m
5. What is cropping intensity?How is cropping intensity calculated? 3m
6. What does rain fed farming means? 3m
7. Which major crops are raised under wetland farming? 1m
8. Define green revolution? 3m
9. Why is agricultural productivity is still low in India? Write three main reasons. 3m
10.Which are the three major plantation crops in India? Name the leading producer states of each crop. 3m
11.Explain three reasons for the uneven distribution of intensity of cropping in India. 3m
12.What do you understand by Culturable Waste Land? 3m
13.Which state is the leading producer of rice? State two geographical factors for its growth. 3m
14.What are the major problems of Indian agriculture? 3m
15.Name two fibre crops grown in India. Which states are the leading producer of these two crops. 3m
16.Yield of sugarcane is very high in southern states – give three reasons. 3m
17.India mostly grown superior quality of coffee which is in great demand in international market.Give three geographical factors for the growth of coffee in India 3m
18.Mention three wheat producing states of India. 3m
19.Write an account of rice cultivation in India with reference to the area, production and yield. 3m
20.Distinguish between wet farming and dry farming. 3m
21.Study the following table of ‘composition of total cultivable land’ and answer the questions that follow : 3m
a. What is fallow land ?
b. How much percentage of net sown area decline in the year 2002-03.
Agricultural Land-use As percentage of Reporting Area
As a percentage to Total Cultivated land
Categories 1960-61 2002-03 1960-61 2002-03
Culturable Wasteland 6.23 4.41 10.61 7.52
Fallow other than Current Fallow 3.5 3.82 5.96 6.51
Current Fallow 3.73 7.03 6.35 11.98
Net Area Sown 45.26 43.41 77.08 73.99
Total Cultivable Land 58.72 58.67 100.00 100.0022. On the outline map of India mark the following with suitable symbols. 3m
c. Coffee producing state
d. Tea Producing State
e. Wheat Producing State.
22.(A)Name the states through which the river yamuna flows?
(B)Give the geographical importances of mathura?
(c)What is kaiga famous for?
24.Study the diagram given below and answer the question that follows 3m
a. Which category of land use has the largest share in India? Give the value of its percentage variation during the period of 1960-61 to 2002-03.
b. Which land use category occupies the lowest percentage area ?
c. Why there is a slight decrease in the net area sown between 1960-61 to 2002-03.
CHAPTER – 6
UNIT – III
WATER RESOURCES
1. What is the percentage of fresh water in the world?
1M
2. How much of the total usable water resources are found in our country? 1m
3. How much percentage of world water resources are found in India?
1M
4. What are the major sources of surface water? 1M
5. What is the total replenishable ground water resources in the country?
1M
6. Which are the three major sources of water in India.
3M
7. Which river has the highest total replenishable ground water resources.
1M
8. What does water quality refer to?
1M
9. Name the major pollutants of water.
1M
10.How does ground water get polluted? 3M
11.How does river get polluted?
3m
12.What is meant by watershed?
3m
13.How is watershed development necessary? 3m
14.What do you mean by Rain Water Harvesting? 3m
15.Write the different techniques of rain water harvesting? 3m
16.State the objectives of rain water harvesting 3m
17.Distinguish between rain water and ground water.
3m18.Why is demand of water for irrigation increasing fast?
3m
19.How can water be conserved? 3m
20.Explain any three methods of conservation of water resources in India.
3m 21.Explain any three problems of water resources in India.
3m
22.What are the factors responsible for the highest ground water development in the states of Punjab, Haryana and Tamil Nadu? 3m
23.Study the table given below and answer the following questions that follows: 1x3=3M
a. Name two perennial rivers given in the table
b. Which river basin has the highest total replenishable ground water resources?
c. Which river basin has the lowest replenishable ground water resources?
24.Study the diagram and answer the following questions. 1x3=3M
d. Which sector utilizes maximum surface water? Give one reason.
e. Name the sector which utilizes the minimum amount of ground water.
f. The share of domestic sector is higher in surface water utilization as compared to ground water.
25.Study the map and answer the following questions : 1x3=3M
g. Identify the river, which has poor quality of water.
h. Which are the main sources of pollution in this river?
i. Which city is responsible for polluting this river?
CHAPTER – 7
UNIT – III
MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES
1. Define Mineral. 1M
2. What are the two categories of mineral? 1M
3. Give two examples of non-ferrous metallic minerals. 1M
4. Distinguish between thermal electricity and hydro-electricity 3M
5. Why conservation of mineral resources is necessary ?
3M
6. Give an account of the distribution of mica in India. 3M
7. “Mineral distribution in India is mainly confined in three major belts of peninsular plateaus”. Support this statement with suitable examples of minerals from each belt.
3M
8. Which ferrous mineral provide strong base for the development of metallurgical industries. 3M What are the two types of iron ore found in India. Name the important iron ore mines of Orissa, Jharkand and Chattisgarh.3M
9. State three uses of manganese. 3M
10.In which part of India is tidal energy more potential?
3M
11.What is nuclear power? Name the important Nuclear Plants of India.
3M
12.Distinguish between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy in India?
3M
13.Describe the production and distribution of coal in India. Name the major coal field of Tamil Nadu.
3M
14.Solar thermal technology has some relative advantages over all the other non-renewable energy sources. Give three reasons. 3m
15.Distinguish between metallic and non-metallic minerals.
3M
16.Name the field based refineries and market based refineries. 3M
17.Why are coal, petroleum and natural gas termed as fossil fuels?
3M
18.Distinguish between rock and mineral.
3M
19.How does recycling help in conservation of metallic minerals? 3M
20.Write a short note on Mumbai high.
3M
21.Study the map given showing oil refineries of India and answer the question that follows.
3M
a. Name the four states each of which has two oil refineries.
b. Name the two oil refineries which are under construction.
Study the given map answer the question given below: 3M
a. Name two iron ore mines of Chattisgarh.
b. Which state has more iron ore mines?
c. Name the sea port on the east coast, which handle the export of iron.
Study the outline map of India and mark the following:
3M
a. Singarauli coal mine
b. Digboi – oil field.
c. Alwar – Copper mine.
d. Koraput – Bauxite mine.
CHAPTER – 8
UNIT – III
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1. Classify the industries on the basis of ownership. 3M
2. Define manufacturing.
3M
3. Name the basic raw material used in iron and steel industry.
3M
4. What is a software technology park?
3M
5. What are the most serious problems found in jute industry?
3m
6. Why is the sugar industry a seasonal industry?
3M
7. Name the largest centers of cotton textile industry in Maharastra and Gujarat. 3M
8. What do you understand by privatization?
3M
9. Why has the textile industry moved from Mumbai region towards Ahmedabad? 3M
10.What is the major impact of information technology revolution in India? 3M
11.What are the problems faced by cotton textile industry? 3M
12.Why iron & Steel industry is stated as heavy and basic industry?
3M
13.Why maximum iron and steel industries are mainly under public sector undertaking? 3M
14.Name the factors that influence the location of industries.
3m
15.Describe the reasons for the growth of Gurgaon – Delhi – Meerut industrial regions. 3M
16.Why iron & steel industry are mainly developed in Damodar valley? Give three reasons. 3M
17.Most of Iron & Steel industries are concentrated near the areas of raw material. Give three reasons. 3M
18.What is globalization? Write down its main implication. 3M
19.Name the two sectors of cottage textile industries. How are they different from each other? 3M
20. “New industrial policy of India 1991 has three dimension”. Mention any six measures initiated in this policy. 3M
21.Mention the major characteristics of Mumbai – Pune industrial region 3M. Describe the impact of liberalization on industrial development in India.
3M
22.What do you understand by liberalization,privatization and globalization?
3M
23.Name the three industries which were set up in India in during the second five year plan. 3M
24.What type of industry is related with the software park? Name one software park of each in Assam and Gujarat.
3M
25.Explain the factors responsible for the development of Hugli industrial region. 3M
26.Which city is known as the hub of the petrochemical industries? 3M
27.Synthetic fibres are widely used in the manufacturing of fabrics. State its uses. 3M
28.What are petro-chemical industries? What are its four sale groups and which is the centre of each industry?
3M
29.Name the three organization working in the petrochemical sector under the administrative control of Dept. of chemical and petro-chemical.
3M
30.Why synthetic fibres widely get importance than other fibres? Give three reasons. 3M
31.Name the Nylon and Polyester manufacturing centers in India.
3M
32.Which iron and steel plant was set up in collaboration with Germany? 34.Name the three integrated steel plants.
3M
35.Study the picture carefully answer the following question
3M
a. Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’ looms of cotton textile industries.
b. Give three reasons for the concentration of cotton textile industries in Gujarat and Maharashtra.
c. Name the textile centers of Gujarat.
36.Study the above diagram showing the location of a major steel plant of India and answer the following questions.
3M
A.Name the state where this plant is located.
B.What is the sources of iron ore for this plant.
C.Name the sources providing manganese and coal to this plant.
37.Study the outline map of India mark the following 3M
d. Software park in AP
e. Industrial region of south
f. Steel plant in orissa
g. Petro Chemical Industry in Gujarat
CHAPTER – 9
UNIT – III
PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN CONTEXT
1. What are the social benefits of ITDP in the Bharmaur tribal region?
3M
2. Define the concept of sustainable development
3M
3. What are the positive impacts of irrigation on Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area?
3M
4. Define sectoral and regional planning 3M
5. When hill area development programme was initiated? Write down the major areas undertaken for the programme. 3M
6. What are the two basic objectives for the drought prone areas programme? 3M
7. Suggest the measures of promotion of sustainability in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Areas?
3M
8. How many districts are identified as prone to drought as per the planning commission of India in 1967?
3M
9. Name two approaches of planning?
3M
10.What are the three stages of planning? 3M
11.What type of planning does India have? 1M
12.What is means by target area? 1M
13.Give examples of target area programme. 1M
14.In which five year plan was drought prone area programme started? 1M
15.What is the longitudinal and latitudinal extent of Bharmaur region?
1M
16.Which tribe is mainly habited to this region?
1M
17.Study the Bharmour tribal region, answer the following.
3M
a. Name the river drained this tribal region
b. Write down the physiographic division of their region.
c. Which tribal group concentrated in this region.
18.Study the given map and answer the following questions that follows
3m
a.Name beneficiary districts sown in the map.
b.What is the total length of the main canal?
c.Mention two bad effect of this canal.
CHAPTER – 10
UNIT – IV
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
1. Differentiate between national highways and state highways. 3M
2. Why is the railway network uneven in India? Explain three reasons. 3M
3. State two factors which mainly influence the development of railway in India. 3M
4. Classify the Indian railways into three gauges on the basis of their width. 3M
5. The density and quality of road are better in plains as compared to other regions in India. Give reasons.
3M
6. Describe three characteristics of inland waterways in India.
3M
7. Which are the three National Waterways in India? State its length.
3M
8. What is the length of the Konkan railway? Which are the states connected by this railway?
3M
9. What are border roads?
3M
10.Distinguish between personal and mass communication?
3M
11.Why is road transport in India more important than rail transport?
3M
12.Which is the largest pipeline of India? State two advantages of pipelines.
3M
13.Why are inland waterways in India not well developed? Give three reasons. 3M
14.Name three air services operating in India.
3M
15.What do you mean by communication? Give few examples of different modes of communication.
3M
16.How many bridges and tunnels are in Konkan railway routes?
3M
17. What is the total length of Indian railway route? 1m
18.Give two examples of mass communication. 1m
19.Name the National Water way No. 1. 1m
20.What do you mean by road density? 1m
21.Name four modes of transport. 1m
22.What is the length of the golden quadrilateral express way? 1
23.Study the given map and answer the following questions. 3M
a. Identify the super highway shown in the map.
b. How many mega cities are linked by this highway
c. Name the four corridors of South-North-East-West.
24. On the outline map of India mark the following: 3m
1.NH No. 7
2.East – West Corridor
3.State has highest density of road.
4.HBJ Pipeline.
5.Head quarter of Northern railway.
CHAPTER - IIUNIT – IV
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
1.What do you mean by International Trade? 1M
2.Explain the meaning of Hinterland 1M
3.Name India’s largest trading partner 1m
4.What do you mean by imports? 1m
5.What is India’s contribution in the world trade? 1M
6.How many major and minor ports are there in India? 1M
7.Name the ports on the west coast of India which handle the export of Iron ore. 1M
8.What is meant by balance of trade? 1M
9.Which major Port handle about 75% of the country’s oceanic traffic? 1M
10.Name the countries which are important trading partners of India? 1M
11.Which is the seaport of Andman and Nicobar?
1M
12.Name the satellite port of Kolkata 1M
13.Which sea port in popularly known as the “Queen of Arabian Sea”? 1M
14.Which is the oldest artificial port of India ? 1M
15.Name the land locked port of India in which state it is located 1M
1. a) What do you understand by international trade? 1m
b) Explain any three major changes in the export composition of India’s foreign trade since 1960-61. 3m
2. State three main features of each of Mumbai and Kolkata port 3m
3. Describe the composition of import in India what changes have under gone in it over the time in context of commodities? 3m
4. Describe the composition of export in India what changes has it undergone over the time in context of commodities 3m
5. What is the role of sea ports in the foreign trade of India? 3m
6. Why has Kolkata sea port lost its significance considerably? Give three reasons. 3M
7. Describe in brief the changing nature of export items in the international trade of India. 3M
8. India’s international trade has changed in recent years in terms of volume, composition and direction. Support the statement with examples. 3m
9. Study the given map and answer the following. 3ma. Name the Natural Harbour of the country.
b. Which state has two sea ports
c. Name the sea ports which handle the export of iron ore.
1. Why is the export of agricultural and allied products declining continuously after 1997 – 98?
2. Why has the export of manufacturing goods started decreasing? 3m
Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follows: 3m
1. In which year the gap between export and import is least ?
2. Which year shows the highest deficit in our foreign trade? Give its value.
CHAPTER 12UNIT - V
GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS.
1. Name three cities which are responsible for polluting the water of Yamuna River.
3M
2. What are the three natural sources of water pollutants?
3M
3. Name the Asia’s largest slum located in Mumbai? State any two problems of slums in India.
3M
4. What is land degradation? Suggest two measures for reduction of land degradation.
3M
5. Describe any three main sources of noise pollution. 3M
6. Which type of pollution causes various diseases related to the respiratory system? 1M
7. Name three cities that are mainly responsible for polluting the River Ganga. 3M
8. Explain any three sources of air pollution
3M
9. Describe three environmental problems in urban settlement in developing countries. 3M
10.Explain the main differences between the pollution and pollutant 3M
11.Write down the name of three water borne diseases.
3M
12.Describe any three problems of urban waste disposal with reference to the urban centers.
3M
13.Explain any three criteria which are used for identification of pollution. 3M
14.Which metropolitan cities are having the serious problem of urban waste disposal? 3M
15.What is slum? Write its three features. 4m
16.How do human (cultural) activities pollute water resources?
3M
17.Name two polluting industries located on the bank of Ganga River.
3M
18.Classify the pollution on the basis of medium through which pollutants are transported and diffused.
3M
19.What are the effects of air pollution on human health?
3M
20.Over Industrialisation are increasing the pollution rates in Metro Cities. Discuss.
3M
21.Write two processes which induce land degradation 3M
22.Write down six measures to reduce land degradation.
3M
23.Why do slums develop in India? Explain any four measurable conditions of the residents of slum areas.
3M
24.Study the pictures and answer the following 3M
a. Name Asia’s largest slum located in Mumbai
b. Write down any two features of the below given slum
26.2.Locate and label the following on the given political map of India with appropriate symbols 3m
1.Oil refinery of U.P2.A nuclear plant in Karnataka3.Most polluted river in India.
SOLVED PAPER
1. Name the two oldest economic activities of the world. 1m
2. See carefully the figures of marketing centers and name ‘A’ and ‘B’ marketing centers. 1m
3. What do you mean by dumped goods. 1m
4. Which are the two major regions of the world having a dense network of air routes 1m
5. Give two examples of cantonment towns 1m 6. Name the biggest sea port of India. 1m
7. Write down the India’s first inland waterways route along its total length. 1m
8. Name the headquarter of south central railway. 1m
9. Which sea port is situated at the entrance of the zuari 1mestuary in Goa.
10.Name the only city of India, which is in green list of top. 10 polluted sites. 1m
11. Enumerate how technological development indicates the cultural development of the society. 3m
11.Name any three groups of industries of the world which are classified on the basis of the raw material used by them. Give one example of
each. 3m 12.Study the given map and answer the following questions.
3m
a. Name the railway line shown in this map
b. Name the stations marked as ‘A’ and ‘B’.
c. Name the two terminal points this railway line.
Distinguish between administrative towns and educational towns? 3m
13.Describe the importance of natural gas as a sources of energy. 3m
14.See carefully the layout of one of the iron and steel plant and 3m
answer the following questions.
a. Name the iron and steel plant shown in this layout.
b. Name the river which provide water to this industrial unit
c. Name the rail route that passes from this industry.
15.What are the major strategies for the drought prone areas programme. 3m
(DPAP)
16.Describe three main achievements of the green revolution in India. 3m
17.Explain the main reasons for the establishment of the ports of 3m
Kandla Nava-Sheva and Haldia.
18.What are urban sources of water pollution? 3m
19.Name the four language families in India and describe in brief any two. 3m
20.What is tourism? Describe the four major areas of tourist attraction 5m
in the world.
21.What is international trade? Which are the two types of international 5m
trade? Give one characteristics of each
22.Describe five types of towns of the world which are classified on the5m
basis of their functions given one example of each
23.What do you mean by rural settlement? Explain the factors that 5m
determine the type of rural settlement.
24.In the given political outline map of the world, four features are shown 2m
as A, B, C, and D identify them with the help of map legend and write their correct names on the line marked on the map.
a. Sea Port
b. Member country of NAFTA
c. Tea Producing Country
d. Country has the highest growth rate.
25.Locate and label the following on the given political map of India with 3m
appropriate symbols.
a. An Oil refinery of U.P.
b. A. Nuclear plant in Karnataka.
c. Most polluted river.
MARKING SCHEME
1. Gathering and hunting½ x2=1M
2. ‘A’ – Rural Marketing Centres‘B’ – Urban Marketing Centres
½ x2=1M
3. The practice of selling a commodity in two countries at a price that differ for reasons not related to costs is called dumping goods.
1M
4. Dense network of airways exists in 1) North West Europe.2) Eastern U.S.A. ½ x2=1M
5. Ambala, Jalandhar, Udhampur½ x2=1M
6. Mumbai1M
7. National waterways No. 1.
- Allahabad - Haldia
- Total length 1620Km½ x2=1M
8. Secunderabad – Head quarters of South Central Railway1M
9. Marmagao port is situated at the entrance of Zuari Estuary.1M
10.Ranipet in Tamil Nadu 1M
11.The Technological development determines the level of cultural development of society in the following way.
3M
a. Human being were able to develop technology, as they develop better understanding o the natural law
b. The knowledge about nature is extremely important to interact with their physical environment.
c. Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society e.g. understanding of the secrets of DNA and Genetics enable us to conquer many diseases.
d. In the early stages, the level of technology was very low and stage of human social development was also primitive.
12.The three groups of industries of the world which are classified on the basis of raw-material used by them.
a. Agro-based industries.
b. Mineral – based industries.
c. Forest – based industries. 3m
Agro based Industries : These industries access raw- material from the agricultural sector e.g.: sugar industries.
Mineral-based industries : The industries that use raw-material based on minerals e.g. iron and steel industries.
Forest based industries : Industries use forest product as raw-materials like fur industries, paper, furniture.
13.
13.1. Trans – Siberian Railway
13.2. Station ‘A’ – Moscow
Station ‘B’ - Chita
13.3. St. Petersburg – Vladivostok. 3m
14.Administrative towns – These towns are famous as capital of state. These towns are the centre of administration e.g. New Delhi, Bhopal, Shillong, etc.,
Educational Towns – These towns grow as a main education centers e.g., Aligarh, Pilani, Varanasi, etc. 3m
15. 3m
a. Natural gas is used as a domestic fuel
b. To produce chemical fertilizer used in petro-chemical industries.
c. To generate electricity.
16. 3m
a. Jamshedpur
b. River Subarnarekha
c. Mumbai to Kolkata rail route.Passes from the industry.
17.The major strategies of (DPAP) are 3m
a. Development and scientific management of resources.
b. Land improvement and soil conservation.
c. Deselitation of tanks, reservoirs.
d. Reconstructing of cropping pattern.
18.The three main achievement of Green revolution in India. 3m
a. Increase in the productivity of food grains.
b. Green revolution enhances the economic status of the Indian farmer.
c. Cereals and millets recorded the highest growth.
19.Following reasons are responsible for the setup of these major ports. 3m
a. Kandla: Kandla port has been developed to cater to the heads of western and north western part of the country. And also to reduce the pressure at Mumbai port.
b. Jawaharlal Nehru Port: at Nhava Sheva was developed as a satellite port to relieve the pressure at the Mumbai port it is the largest container port in India.
c. Haldia Port is located 105 km down stream from Kolkata. It has been constructed to reduce the congestion at Kolkata it handle bulk cargo like iron ore.
20.The urban sources of water pollution are sewerage, municipal, domestic garbage’s, industrial effluents, automobiles exhausts etc., 3m
21.The four language families are 5m
a. Indo-European family
b. Dravidian family.
c. Austric family.
d. Sino – Tibetan family.
Indo-European family : It has three branches – Iranian – Dardic – Indo-Aryan 73% of the total population speak indo-European languages. It includes Hindi, Urdu, Kashmir, Sindhi, Dardic Marathi, Punjabi, Gujarathi, Bengali etc.,
Dravidian Family : It has three branches south Dravidian, Central Dravidian and North Dravidian, these languages originated from Sanskrit. It is spoken by 20% of the people. Major language includes – Tamil, Malayalam, Kanada, Telugu.
22.Tourism is undertakes for the purposes of recreation rather to business. Tourism has been developed as the world’s largest territory activity.
a. Tourist places – Mediterranean region are the major tourist points due to suitable climate – like warm and sunny weather.
b. Landscape – e.g., Beaches, Lakes, Lagoans are the major tourist point.
c. History & Art – Taj Mahal, in Agra, Pyramid in Egypt, Great wall of change have great potential to influence tourists from all over the world.
d. Culture and Economy – Mysore, Laddakh Istanbul attract tourist because of ethnic culture. 5m
23.International Trade: The movement of goods and services from area of surplus to deficit areas between two countries.
Two types of International trade.
1. Bilateral Trade – The exchange of Goods and service between two countries. It happens when the economies of these two countries are complementary. Primary products are exchanged with manufactured goods.
2. Multilateral Trade – The exchange of goods and service among many countries. 5m
24.Five types of towns . 5m
a. Administrative town – It includes capital city, it is a centre of administration e.g., Mexico city.
b. Defensive towns : These towns have barracks, cantonments etc. towns have developed on the defensive sites e.g. Peshawar.
c. Cultural town – These towns perform cultural function e.g. Mecca.
d. Industrial towns – Mining and manufacturing of the goods take place in these towns e.g. Khetri and Kalgoorlie.
e. Trade and Transport towns : Many old towns are famous as trade centre e.g. Winnipeg in Canada.
25.Settlement are found in villages are called rural settlement and totally depend on primary activities.
a. Factors: 1. Physical factors – relief altitude, climate, drainage, soil are the important factors which determined the rural settle. These settlements are cluster types of settlements.
b. Cultural factors: Ethnic and cultural factors such as tribal, caste or commercial identity also determine the rural settlement.
c. Historical factors: Most of the settlements are compact as remain protective due to frequent invasion in order to defend them selves. E.g. Jaisalmer. 5m
26.A – Sydney. 2m
B – Mexico City.
C – India.
D – Somalia.
26.1.
Unsolved Question Paper II
Class:- XII Time: 3 Hrs Subject:- Geography Marks:- 70General Instructions
(i) There are 26 questions in all.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) Marks of each question are indicated against it.
(iv) Question number 1 to 10 are very short answer questions carrying 1 mark each.
Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 20 words.
(v) Question number 11 to 20 are short answer questions carrying 3 mark each.
Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80 words.
(vi) Question number 21 to 25 are long answer questions carrying 5 mark each.
Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words.
(vii) Question number 26 is related to identification or locating and labeling
of geographical features on maps.
(viii) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book.
(ix) Use of template of stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed.
1. Define the term participation rate. [1]
2. Name the head quarters of North Eastern Railway zone of India. [1]
3. Give any two examples of major agro processing industries. [1]
4. Explain the term medical tourism. [1]
5. Which type of pollution causes various diseases related to respiratory system? [1]
6. Which highway links St. John city with Vancouver. [1]
7. Which category of towns have largest percentage of population in India. [1]
8. Mention any two ports of India located in the east coast. [1]
9. Which of the following nation is not a member of South Asian Free Trade
Agreement (SAFTA)? [1]
10. Which export commodity of India has the highest value? [1]
11. What is the new concept of Griffin Taylor in the field of Human Geography?
Describe this new concept with examples. 1+2=3
12. What is mining name two types of mining? Give one characteristic of each type. [3]
13. Discuss three major factors affecting migration of population in India. 1+1+1=3
14. Distinguish between cottage industry and small scale industries by explaining three
differences each. [3]
15. Explain different types of towns identified by the census of India 2001. 1+1+1=3
16. Which is the famous pipeline of USA? State four advantages of
pipeline transportation. 1+ 2=3
17. Study the following world map showing the major areas of nomadic herding and
commercial live stock rearing and answer the questions that follow: 1 + 2=3
a. Name three major areas of nomadic herding in the world.
b. Name any three major areas associated with commercial live stock rearing.
18.Define the term urbanization. Discuss the problems associated with the urban
settlements in developing countries. [3]
19. Distinguish between the dry land farming and wet land farming in India by explaining
three distinguishing features of each. [3]
20. Which are the three national water ways of India? Write the main characteristics of
each water way. [3]
21. Why are ports called gateways of International trade? Explain any three facilities
provided by them. 2+3=5
22. Describe any five characteristics of ‘Gujaratrat Industrial Region’ [5]
23. Explain five measures necessary for the promotion of sustainable development in
Indira Gandhi canal command area. [5]
24. What is Human development? Which are the three indicators used in computing
Human development index? Name the two countries, which rank at the top on HDI and
two countries, which rate at the bottom. 1+3 +1=5
25. What is the use of manganese? Describe the state wise distribution of manganese in
India. 1+4=5
26. On the given political outline map of world the following four features are shown as
A B C & D . Identify these features and write correct names on the lines marked against
each in the map. 4 * ½ = 2
a. The country having highest population in Africa
b. The western terminal of Trans Canadian Pacific Railway.
c. The largest city of Asia.
d. A region of mixed farming.
26.2. On the outline political map of India locate and Label the following.
a. The state having highest density of population
b. The southern most International Airport.
c. The software technology park of Andhrapradesh.
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Class:- XII Time: 3 Hrs Subject:- Geography
Marks:- 70
General Instructions
(i) There are 26 questions in all.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) Marks of each question are indicated against it.
(iv) Question number 1 to 10 are very short answer questions carrying 1 mark each.
Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 20 words.
(v) Question number 11 to 20 are short answer questions carrying 3 mark each.
Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80 words.
(vi) Question number 21 to 25 are long answer questions carrying 5 mark each.
Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words.
(vii) Question number 26 is related to identification or locating and labeling of geographical features on maps.
(viii) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book.
(ix) Use of template of stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed.Unsolved Question Paper –I
1. Name the process of migration from plain areas to pastures on mountains during
summers and again from mountain pastures to plain areas during winter. [1]
2. Which age group of population indicates the largest working population? [1]
3. What is the name given to grape cultivation in Mediterranean region? [1]
4. Which river is highly polluted in India? [1]
5. Expand OPEC. [1]
6. What is the population size of class I cities in India? [1]
7. Write the definition of quinary activities. [1]
8. Name the river valley where Gondwana coal fields of India are located? [1]
9. What do you understand by balance of trade? [1]
10.Which two places are connected by NH-7 ? [1]
11.What is referred by ‘what’ ,‘where’ and ‘how’ according to the ‘welfare approach’
in human geography? 1+1+1=3
12. What is rain water harvesting? Write its any four objectives. 1+2=3
13. Describe the importance of service sector in the economic development of the
world by giving three suitable examples. [3]
14.What is the role of sea ports in the foreign trade of India? Write any three points in
this regard.
[3]
15. Distinguish between co-operative farming and collective farming by stating three
points of each. [3]
16. Describe three main achievements of green revolution in India. [3]
17.Study the map given below and answer the questions that follows: 1+1+1=3
a. Name the industrial region II
b. Name two important industrial cities of this region.
c. Name two important industries of this region.
18. Why are pipelines used extensively in the world to transport commodities such as
mineral oil and natural gas? Explain three reasons for it. [3]
19. Why are high-tech industries in many countries attracted to the peripherial areas
of major metropolitan cities? Explain three reasons. [3]
20. Study the map given below and answer the questions that follows: 1+1+1=3
a. Name the railway line shown in the map.
b. In which country this railway line lie?
c. Name the stations marked in the map A & B.
21. There are four distinct phases of growth rate of population in India over last one
century. Discuss. [5]
22. ‘The new Industrial policy has three main dimensions’ What are they? Explain
them. 3+2=5
23. Describe five main problems of associated with the urban settlements in the
developing countries of the world. [5]
24.Study the given graph and answer the following questions. 1+1+3=5
A. Name the country with USA ‘s exports and imports are lowest.
b. Name the country with which the balance of Trade of USA is
most unfavorable? (negative)
c. Name the country with which the balance of trade of USA is
the highest. Support your answer with the data given in the graph.
25. ‘Two man made navigation canals serve as gateways of commerce for both the
eastern and western worlds’. Explain. 2 ½ + 2 ½ = 5
26. On the given political outline map of world the following four features are shown
as A B C & D . Identify these features and write correct names on the lines marked
against each in the map. 4 * ½ = 2
a. A country having highest human development in the world.
b. A mega city of Brazil.
c. A major port
d. A region of Dairy farming.
26.2. On the outline political map of India locate and Label the following.
i. An iron and steel industry in Karnataka.
ii. Largest oil refinery in India.
iii. State with highest sex ratio.
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REVIEW COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Advisor : Dr. E. T ArasuDirectorZIET Mysore
Guidance : Mrs. Ruby HuriaAsst Educational OffficerZIET Mysore
Subject Contributor : Smt. E.NirmalaKV,CRPF, AvadiChennai
Mr. Kanakasabesan PGT GeographyKV Pattom TrivandrumKerala 695004
