A Programme for Universalization of Elementary Education

Mission Statement• Empowering of children to be active participants in a

knowledge society. • A result-oriented approach with accountability towards

performance and output at all levels. • A people-centred mode of Implementation of educational

interventions with involvement of all stakeholders, especially teachers, parents, community and Panchayati Raj institutions and voluntary organisations.

• An equity-based approach that focuses on the needs of educationally backward areas and disadvantaged social groups including children with special needs.

• A holistic effort to ensure convergence of investments and initiatives for improving the efficiency of the elementary education system.

• Institutional reforms and capacity building to ensure a sustained effort for UEE.

SSA GOALS• All children in school, Education Guarantee

Centre, Alternate School, ‘Back-to-School’ camp by 2005

• Bridging gender and social gaps in:

Primary : 2007

Elementary : 2010

• Universal retention by 2010

• Focus on satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life

SSA NATIONAL MISSION

PRIME MINISTERGoverning Council

Minister for Human Resource DevelopmentExecutive Committee

SECRETARY SE & LProject Approval Board

Joint Secretary & DG SSADepartment of SE & L

6 Teacher Union reps.5 Educationists/Scientists6 NGO reps.3 Women’s Org. Reps3 Institutional Members working for SC & STReps of National Resource InstsEx-officio members

HRM, FM, Dy. ChairmanPlanning Commission3 Ministers of State3 MPs6 Political Parties’ Reps.6 Edu. Ministers of State Govts.

NCERTNUEPANCTEIGNOUTSG(Ed.CIL)

Monitoring InstitutionsJoint Review MissionsEducational & Prog. MIS

Goal 1: All children in School What does SSA Provide

Providing basic facilities in each school Primary schools within 1 k.m. radius and a n upper

primary school in the ratio of 2: 1 PS:UPS Education Guarantee Scheme and Alternative

Innovative Education centres as alternative schools. Additional classrooms – a room for every teacher

with minimum of 2 teachers at Primary and 3 teachers at Upper primary level

Toilets/drinking water/child friendly elements. Additional teachers to get pupil teacher ratio of

40:1.

89.83

97.82

103.77

80

85

90

95

100

105

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

pry GER at primary stage is 103.7

GER at upper primary stage is 64.

Lowest GER are in Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Goa and A&N Islands

Huge enrolment Increase in Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh.

Goal – I : All Children in School / EGS / AIE by 2005

Gross Enrolment Ratios

GER at Primary Level

Out of School Children

320

249

116135

70 75

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

The number of out of school children is 76 lakh (2007).

3.8% OoSC – “hardest to reach” category of children.

60% OoSC are in Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.

No. of districts>50,000 OOSC – 36.

Plan to cover 11 lakh through EGS and 48 lakh through AIE this year.

Goal – I contd…/-

In lakhs

Infrastructure

Item

Targets up to

2006-07 (in

lakh)New Schools

opened2.40

Teachers appointed

10.03

Drinking Water 1.7Toilets 2.35

Construction

School buildingAdditional

Classrooms

1.83

6.92

Goal – I : All Children in School / EGS / AIE by 2005

Access at Primary StageAccess less (no school within 1 km.) habitations as per 7th AIES

1,60,528

Primary schools provided till 2007-08 under SSA and DPEP

2,04,200

Number of EGS centres functional by the end of 2007-08 is 57,000

Access at Upper Primary StageAccess less (no school within 3 km.) habitations as per 7th AIES

1,69,492

Upper Primary Schools provided till 2007-08 under SSA

124300

PS to UPS at the National level is 2.6:1States Advised to map requirements of UPS as per distance and population norms

Thrust in 11th Plan

Identify and mainstream ‘hard to reach’ children

•Focus on bridge courses / programmes.

•Address residual access

•Fill infrastructure gaps –

priorities upper primary schools

6.37 lakh additional classrooms for SCR 1:40

Goal 2: Bridging Gender and Social Category GapsProgramme for participation of girls

Free Text Books National Programme on Education of Girls at Elementary

level started in 3291 educationally backward blocks. Innovative activities like pre-school centres/bridge

courses/vocational education/bicycles etc. Gender sensitization of education personnel and

teachers. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (residential schools) in

2810 educationally backward blocks . Innovative activities in several States – Life skills

education, remedial teaching, vocational training for older girls, health and hygiene camps and uniforms / incentives.

Upper Primary Primary

• Girls enrolment up from 47.18% (2003-04) to 47.79% (2005-06).

• Gender gap reduced at Pry (DISE)

• 48 distt. Gender Gap > 10% pts.• High gender gap

Bihar(11.3)Rajasthan (7.07)Gujarat(6.1)Jharkhand (5.0)

Goal – II : Bridging Gender & Social Category Gap at primary by 2007 & elementary by 2010

2003-04 2004-05 2005-065.1 5.1 4.6

• Girls enrolment up from 45.02% (2003-04) to 45.80% (2005-06).

• Gender gap reduced at upper primary

• 81 distt. Gender gap > 20% pts. • High gender gap in:

Rajasthan(23.6)Bihar (22.3)Jharkhand(11.8)MP(11.7)Uttar Pradesh (9.4)

2003-04 2004-05 2005-069.4 8.9 8.0

Promoting Education of SC and ST Children

• Free Text Books.• 242 KGBV in SC and 457 in ST Blocks with 25% of SC &

29% ST girls covered in all KGBVs. • Rs. 15 lakh per district for SC/ST innovation. • EGS & AIE centres being opened in tribal areas with

relaxed norms (10-15 children). • Recruitment of local tribal teachers.• Development of specific modules for training of teachers

in tribal areas (AP, Gujarat, Orissa).• Use of primers in tribal languages to help in better

transition to State language.• Targeted Provisioning in 61 SC & 106 ST concentration

districts

Goal – II contd…/-

Share of SC and ST StudentsPrimary Upper Primary

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06SC 21.3% 20.75% 20.40% 19.33% 20.10% 19.09%ST 10.20% 10.71% 11.55% 8.08% 8.84% 8.76%

*Source DISE data.

• Highest SC share in Punjab (47%), Haryana (31%), UP (28%).

• Highest ST share in North Eastern States, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Jharkhand.

• Gender Parity an issue at upper primary level among SC.

• Gender parity an issue at primary & upper primary level among ST.

Goal – II contd…/-

What Does SSA Provide for Children With Special need

• Support to CWSN, specific provision of Rs 1200 per child

• Coverage through enrolment in schools(19.97 lakh), EGS/AIE centres(1.12 lakh) and home based education (77140).

• Provided assistive devices to 7.12 lakh CWSN• Teachers training to 50000 teachers• 6678 resource teachers appointed in 21 States. • Barrier free access ramps in the 5.02 lakh school• 620 NGOs involved in planning for IE, identification on

CWSN, provision of aids and appliances, training on teachers etc.

• Focus now on in-class attention and appropriate materials/ teaching methods for enrolling CWSN

CWSN – Inclusive Education

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

Identified 683554 1459692 1592722 2017404 3038038Covered 566921 1171993 1424310 1560539 2049367

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

• SSA has zero rejection policy

Thrust in 11th PlanLower Gender Gap in literacy by 10% pts. • Revamp NPEGEL for specific block projects @ Rs. 25

lakh per block per year.• Enlarge eligibility criteria of EBB’s for NPEGEL &

KGBVBring SC, ST at par. • Small school norms for ST areas.• Hostels for boys @ KGBV norms. (ST & Minorities Focus on minority dominated areas. • Priority targeting for completing infrastructure gaps in

districts / blocks with socially disadvantaged categories.

Enhance CWSN norms and Focus on Girl Child with Disability

• Dropout rates (pry.) have declined by 4.5 percent points.

• Reduction in girls drop out by 5 percent points.

• Transition rates Pry. to U. Pry. improve from 74.15 (2003-04) to 83.36 (2005-06).

Goal III : Universal Retention by 2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Pry Girls 15.26 13.06 10.21Primary 14.9 12.79 10.39

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Dropout Rates*DISE

Upto 5%

5 to 10%10 to 15%

> 20%16 to 20%

Goal III : Universal Retention by 2010Drop out at Pry Level 9.96% < 10 AP, HP, Chattisgarh, Gujarat, J&K Karnataka, Kerala, MP, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamilnadu, Tripura10 – 15 Assam, ,

Haryana, UP, WB Uttarakhand,

> 15 Jharkhand, Bihar Meghalaya ,

Rajasthan Arunachal Pradesh

Dropout to reduce from 52.2% (2003-04) to 20% (2011-12) at elementary level.

Incentivise Upper Primary Level

• Library infrastructure

• More staff at BRC for upper primary requirements.

• Special teacher training for upper primary schools.

• Free text books and uniforms to all

• Furniture for every child

• Special focus on science and maths learning.

• Enhanced ICT input.

Thrust in XIth Plan – Universal Retention

What SSA Provides for Quality improvement Provide additional teachers for PTR 1: 40 with

minimum of two teachers Grants – Teachers Development of improved textbooks Free textbooks for girls, SC, ST’s Remedial teaching (for students needing greater

attention ) Annual 20 day training of teachers Decentralized academic support to

schools/teachers through block & cluster level resource centers

Improved pupil assessment systems School monitoring indicators

Goal IV: Improving Quality of Education

Goal IV: Improving Quality of Education

PTR at primary – 41:1 and at upper primary is 29:1

State have recruited 7.98 lakhs teachers against the target of 10.12 lakhs teachers.

States with high PTR

PTR more than 41:1 at elementary level

Target (2006-07) % AchievementTeacher Training 34.05 lakh teachers 87%TLE Grant 1.08 lakh schools 62%School Grant 10.1 lakh schools 95%TLM Grant 39.34 lakh teachers 90%Free Textbooks 6.68 crore students 96%Remedial training 43.60 lakh students 78%Functional BRCs 6746 centres 99%Functional CRCs 70388 centres 94%

Progress against Quality Inputs

Goal – IV contd../-

Assessment based learning improvement effortsQuality Tracking in KeralaKSQAO – KarnatakaABL – Tamil NaduCLAPS – Andhra PradeshLATS – OrissaGAP – GujaratBuniyad – JharkhandRead C. – ChhattisgarhRead M. – Madhya PradeshLAP, LGP – RajasthanSchool Grading, Nayee Disha –

UPPLEP – PunjabSSUU – West BengalBidya Jyoti, LAP – AssamSchool Monitoring - Uttarakhand

Learning Improvement Initiatives Recent initiatives

Thrust in 11th Plan Working Group: On Quality

• Develop minimum standards of educational attainment • Regular testing to monitor effectiveness of education.• ICT for enhancing learning levels.• Define ‘improved quality’ in operational terms.• Distinguish assessment for performance of individual

students, grading school effectiveness & teachers & learner achievement trends, national Surveys for quick comparable results / analysis on direction of learning outcomes.

• Acquisition of basic skills of literacy & numeracy in early primary grades.

• Creation of capacity within the school for dealing with ‘diversity’ in students.

• Enhance SSA’s framework to support more quality related activities.

Contd.

What Does SSA Provide for

Community InvolvementCommunity involvement - must in SSA

Village Education Committees and School Management Committees given key role in SSA implementation.

50% funds go to VEC/ SMC VECs/Women’s groups monitor primary schools Roles in implementation/monitoring assigned to

Panchayati Raj Institutions. More than 6000 NGOs involved in support to, and

implementation of SSA interventions.

Road map for decentralisation of school governance with defined milestones.

Community control over recruitment & placement of teachers.

Block based / school based cadres.\ Substitute teachers. Development of annual school plans with community

involvements, with clear focus on quality parameters. 1% of districts outlay for community mobilisation

activities. Promoting participation of NGOs and private sectors in

providing facilities for deprived urban children.

Thrust in 11th Plan : Community Participation

Educational Development Index (EDI)

1st quartile

2nd quartile3rd quartile

4th quartile

District EDI Distribution

State/UTPer cent districts in different Quartiles

Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4Himachal Pradesh 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%Sikkim 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%Tamil Nadu 96.60% 3.40% 0.00% 0.00%Delhi 88.90% 11.10% 0.00% 0.00%Mizoram 75.00% 12.50% 12.50% 0.00%Karnataka 66.70% 25.90% 7.40% 0.00%Andhra Pradesh 56.50% 30.40% 8.70% 4.30%Uttarakhand 53.80% 38.50% 7.70% 0.00%Punjab 52.90% 47.10% 0.00% 0.00%Maharashtra 45.70% 51.40% 2.90% 0.00%J & K 35.70% 21.40% 42.90% 0.00%Gujarat 32.00% 60.00% 8.00% 0.00%Nagaland 12.50% 12.50% 25.00% 50.00%Manipur 11.10% 33.30% 44.40% 11.10%

Monitoring/ FeedbackMonitoring/ Feedback

EMIS for 2006-07 under compilation (received from 25 States / UTs).

School Report Cards 2006-07 on website.

56 MI Reports received for 28 States / UTs (on website)

IPAI Reports received for 21 States.

CAG Performance Audit responded to & evidence on 13th Feb’07. PAC Report received.

9 Independent Assessment Studies initiated.

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