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A Preliminary Study on the Dimming Lighting Control
System in consideration of Location Recognition System
-Focusing on Summer Solstice-
Juil Park1.1, Heangwoo Lee1.2, Sungho Yoon1.3, Yongseong Kim1.4
1 Graduate School of Techno Design Kookmin University,
77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
Abstract. Recently, light energy usage accounts for 20% of total energy usage
in buildings, and various studies that apply IT technology to reduce energy
consumption and establish an efficient controlling system have been carried out.
Relevant preceding studies gave aimed to promote energy saving efficiency but
lighting control has only been carried out in the zone where occupants are
located, so that pleasant lighting environments have not been created. Therefore,
the purpose of this study is to establish preliminary data about lighting control
in consideration of general lighting based on the location of users In this study,
the testbed based on an actual residence was established and the performance
evaluation of the dimming lighting control, user location recognition-based
dimming lighting control and user location recognition-based general lighting
application control was conducted. The conclusion regarding the obtained
evaluation results is as follows. 1) A flow diagram was presented in this study
in order to represent the general lighting based lighting control of the user
location recognition-based lighting control system that was executed in
previous studies. 2) The power usage of the user location recognition-based
lighting control applied with general lighting show a reduction rate of 53.5% in
comparison to the dimming lighting control and an increase rate of 58.1% in
comparison to the lighting system with the user location recognition-based
dimming lighting control. 3) The uniformity ratio of illumination of the lighting
control system applied with the user location recognition-based general lighting
can be improved by 62.2% in comparison to the lighting system with the user
location recognition-based dimming lighting control.
Keywords: Lighting control, User and location awareness, General
illumination
1 Introduction
Recently, light energy usage accounts for 20% of total energy usage in buildings,
which is quite high. Therefore, various studies that apply IT technologies to reduce
energy consumption and establish an efficient controlling system have been
conducted [1]. Relevant preceding studies apply user location recognition technology,
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.112 (Architecture and Civil Engineering 2015), pp.35-40
http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.112.07
ISSN: 2287-1233 ASTL Copyright © 2015 SERSC
aiming to promote energy saving efficiency. However, lighting control has only been
implemented in the zone where occupants are located, so that pleasant lighting
environments have not been created.
2 Theoretical Considerations
2.1 Consideration of Recommended Levels of Illumination
The recommended levels of illumination in Korea are presented in KS A 3011 as
shown in Table 1. In KS A 3011, the recommended levels of illumination are set
according to the activity type and working surface lighting method, and 400lx was
selected as the recommended level of illumination for lighting control in this study
based on visual performance according to the degree of general-brightness. Also, 100
lx, which was the recommended level of illumination of workplaces where visual
work was not performed frequently, was selected as the level of illumination for
general lighting control. General lighting is the range of illumination designed using
the flux method for the purpose of lighting one whole room at uniform intensity of
illumination using lighting fixtures with diffusion.
Table 1. Standard lux of KS A 3011
Type of activity
Scope[lx]
min. – ave. –
max.
Illumination method of
work plane
Working environment within frequent visual
performance 60 – 100 – 150 General Illumination
Visual performance according to the degree of
general-brightness
300 – 400 –
600 Illumination of work plane
2.2 Uniformity Ratio of Illumination
The uniformity ratio of illumination means the uniformity of light distribution in
space, and it is a quantitative evaluation indicator for the recommended levels of
illumination and lighting environments. As the uniformity ratio of illumination
becomes lower, the brightness of light influences psychological visual recognition so
that it is recognized as being lower than the actual intensity of illumination and is
proportional to the diffusion of light, and generally the diffusion of light varies
according to the area and light distribution form of the light source [2]. In this study, a
performance evaluation was carried out by calculating the minimum intensity of
illumination for the average intensity of illumination when formulating the uniformity
ratio of illumination.
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.112 (Architecture and Civil Engineering 2015)
36 Copyright © 2015 SERSC
3 Suggestion of General Lighting Based Lighting Control
In this study, an attempt was made to effect the general lighting-based lighting control
of the user location based lighting control system on the basis of previous studies [3, 4,
5] as shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1. Flow chart of lighting control
3.1 Overview of Testbed Configuration
The testbed for a preliminary study on the dimming lighting control system in
consideration of the location recognition system-based general lighting is as shown in
Table 2, and a solar simulator was installed for establishing external light
environments during the summer solstice. The intensity of illumination from level 1
to level 8 was set for the level of illumination for dimming lighting, and the lighting
power usage of each dimming level is as shown in Table 3.
Table 2. Overview of Testbed
Category Key Attributes Test bed view
Area size W : 4.9m, D : 6.6m, H : 2.5m
Reflectivity Wall : 46%, Ceiling : 86%
Window size W : 2.2m, H : 1.8m
Direction Face the south
Transit Altitude Summer solstice : 76.5 º
Table 3. Elecricity consumption to the illumination dimming level
Dimming Lv Lv 1 Lv2 Lv3 Lv4 Lv5 Lv6 Lv7 Lv8
ElctrictityConsumption(kWh) 0.012 0.018 0.022 0.028 0.034 0.039 0.043 0.051
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.112 (Architecture and Civil Engineering 2015)
Copyright © 2015 SERSC 37
3.2 Setting of illumination sensor position for lighting control
In this study, thearea was divided into 4 zones for location recognition, and an
illumination sensor was installed at the position of 700 mm above the floor surface at
intervals of 2.2 m from the lighting and skylight for each zone where dimming control
from level 1 to level 8 was available.
Fig. 2. Location of lighting sensor on700mm of working surface for lighting control
3. 3 Dimming lighting control system in consideration of location recognition
system based general lighting during the summer solstice
Theindoor illumination distribution value of the testbed established in this study as
the analysis result of the uniformity ratio of illumination and power usage according
to the illumination measurement result is as shown in Tables 4, 5 and 6 respectively
for indoor illumination distribution, dimming lighting control, user location
recognition-based dimming lighting control and lighting control applied with user
location recognition-based general lighting, and the analysis for the result of the
performance evaluation is as follows. First, the power usage of the lighting control
based on user location recognition applied with general lighting can be reduced by
53.5% in comparison to the dimming lighting control. However, the lighting energy
usage increased by 58.1% in comparison to the lighting system with user location
recognition-based dimming lighting control. The lighting energy usage increases in
comparison to simple user location recognition-based lighting control which focuses
on energy saving. However, it demonstrates energy saving efficiency in comparison
to the dimming lighting control, so this is significant. Second, the uniformity ratio of
illumination of the lighting control system applied with user location recognition-
based general lighting can be improved by 62.6% in comparison to the lighting
system with user location recognition-based dimming lighting control. It is thought
that this could improve the imbalance in the intensity of illumination and indoor
comfort requirement-related issues that occur in the location recognition-based
lighting control.
Table 4. Indoor illumination distribution during summer solstice
Sensor A B C D
Indoorillumination(lx) 3.7 27.5 8.7 50.2
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.112 (Architecture and Civil Engineering 2015)
38 Copyright © 2015 SERSC
Table 5. Indoor illumination according to the dimming lighting control of test-bed during
summer solstice
Sensor A
(Lighting control)
Sensor B
(Lighting control)
Sensor C
(Lighting control)
Sensor D
(Lighting control) C.E (kWh)
455.5 (8Lv) 456.2 (7Lv) 432.9 (8Lv) 406.2 (6Lv) 0.736
C.E = Consumption of electric power
*The lighting control was calculated based on 4 hours of use
Table 6. Location recognition-based lightin control measurements of test-bed during summer
solstice
User L.R.Z Sensor A
(L.C)
Sensor B
(L.C)
Sensor C
(L.C)
Sensor D
(L.C)
Averge
Illumination
Uniformity ratio of
illumination
C.E
(kWh) 1 2 3 4
O X X X 452.5(8Lv) 120.2( - ) 58.5( - ) 105.7( - ) 184.2 0.317
0.143 X O X X 31.5( - ) 419.5(7Lv) 42.7( - ) 198.1( - ) 172.9 0.182
X X O X 37.1( - ) 101.8( - ) 405.7(6Lv) 181.1( - ) 181.4 0.204
X X X O 28.3( - ) 155.1( - ) 72.8( - ) 405.7(3Lv) 165.4 0.171
User L.R.Z = User location recognition zone/L.C=Lighting control /C.E=Consumption of electric power
*It is assumed that the occupant was located for 1 hour in each zone
4 Conclusion
This study is a preliminary study on the dimming lighting control system in
consideration of the location recognition system-based general lighting, and a
performance evaluation of the dimming lighting control in the testbed, user location
recognition-based dimming lighting control and lighting control applied with user
location recognition-based general lighting application control was carried out, and
the conclusion regarding the obtained evaluation results is as follows.
First, the flow diagram was presented in this study in order to represent the general
lighting based lighting control of the user location recognition based lighting control
system that was utilized in preceding studies.
Second, the power usage of the user location recognition-based lighting control
applied with general lighting can be reduced by 53.5% in comparison to the dimming
lighting control. However, the lighting energy usage increased by approximately
58.1% in comparison to the lighting system with the user location recognition-based
dimming lighting control.
Third, the uniformity ratio of illumination of the lighting control system applied
with user location recognition-based general lighting can be improved by 62.6% in
comparison to the user location recognition-based dimming lighting control system
and it would be advantageous for improving light environments.
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Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.112 (Architecture and Civil Engineering 2015)
Copyright © 2015 SERSC 39
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Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.112 (Architecture and Civil Engineering 2015)
40 Copyright © 2015 SERSC
