A Kinetic Model of theLong Term Dose Relevant

Carbon Bound Tritium

Franz Baumgaertner

Institut fuer RadiochemieTechnische Universitaet Munich

By Re-Evaluation of Known Kinetic Data

1. Hydroponic HTO growth of maize & barley (Bgt & MA. Kim 1995 )

2. HTO exposure of tomatoes (F.S. Spencer 1984)

3. HTO exposure of mussels (S.B. Kim & T.Yankovich & 2004)

4. H2O exposure of HTO grown mussels (S.B.Kim & T. Yankovich 2005)

Kinetic OBT- and TFWT-measurements answer the question.

Organically Bound Tritium

Tissue Free Water Tritium

OBT

Growth of maize (Zea mays “velox“)

Franz Baumgärtner, Maria-Anna Kim, Fusion Technology Vol. 28 (1995) 814-820.

Franz Baumgärtner, Maria-Anna Kim, Appl.Radiat.Isot. Vol. 48 (1997) 721-725.

Dry weight

OBH

20% larger growth rate and5 times larger yield of OBT than the carrier OBH cast doubt on the bio-synthesis of the carbon bound tritium, as a tracer, CBT= OBT?

20%

5x

Accidental case?

OBH

8 hrapid OBT!

F. Baumgärtner, W. Donhaerl, Anal Bioanal Chem (2004) 379: 204-209

Franz Baumgärtner, Fusion Science & Technology Vol 48 (2005) 787-790

21 days

The accidental case by abrupt HTO exposure after 21 and 26 days tritium free growth:

Conclusion: there exists an unknown rapid OBT formation.

24 hrapid OBT!

26 days

“Rapid OBT“ found by other authors?

Within 8h an OBT rise of 15 days growth with HTO

F.S.Spencer, Report No 84-69-K, Ontario Hydro 1984

“Tritiated Water Uptake Kinetics in Tissue-Free Water and Organically Bound Fractions of Tomato

Plants.”

OBT

TFWT

14 to 16-weeks old plants, atmospheric HTO exposure.Figure constructed with TFWT, OBT Data in Appendix 1.

7d 35d 63d

rapid OBT

“rapid OBT“ concurrently occurs with TFWT and“rapid OBT“ halts with TFWT!

OBT = X-atomsBoundTritium =“buried* tritium in OBT“

also OBT endpoint

* buried: means non-accessible by the rinsing solvent.

XBT

OBT =

CBT+XBT

The OBT Categories of Tomatoe Foliage

OBT = XBT

336h=14d

420

Perch Lake

kilometers

Clam Sampling Location

Chalk RiverLaboratories

Ottawa River

<10Bq/LOttawa River→~4.500Bq/LPerch Lake

Mussel Transplantation Scenario: T.Yankovich & S.B.Kim, Chalk River Laboratories 2004..

Barnes mussels were transplanted from Ontario River to Perch Lake.

OBT

TFWT

2 rapid OBTformationsA

B

Barnes Mussel Transplantation:

By Tamara Yankovich, Sang Bog Kim. Chalk River Laboratories, 2004,

OBT(A)=X1BT

OBT(B)= X2BT

The OBT Categories of Mussel Transplantation Scenario.

OBT(A) = X1BT

OBT(B) = X2BT

OBT=CBT + X3BT

OBT(night) = XBT

X1BT = (instantaneous) OBT (outside cells) X2BT = (inside cells) OBT

BiologicalGrowth-productsemission

Biological growth

Hofmeister Seriesdismantles biological structures without destroying the constituting chemical compounds.(Hofmeister 1850-1922

The analytical OBT value is a variable

Applied“Hofmeister Series“:6m Urea, 10% Tri-Chlor-Acetic Acid, 1m LiCl.

OBT = CBT + XBT(buried)

Long term dose relevant CBT = OBT XBTXBT(buried)(buried)

DryBiologicalMatter

OBT [Bq/mL] + [mL/g]

HofmeisterTreatmentProteins:Guanidinium-CL,(plants KOH? non elaborated!)Vhofmeister[mL/g]

Monitoring endpoint !

Water Fraction

combustion

XBT yield shows: long term dose relevant CBT << OBT

If OBT = CBT + XBT(buried)

420

Perch Lake

kilometers

Clam Sampling Location

Barnes mussels born and lifelong (>10 years) in Perch Lake (4.500Bq/L) were transplanted to Upper Bass Lake (50Bq/L).

Ottawa River

Chalk River Laboratories

4.500 Bq/LH2O → 50 Bq/LH2O

The yield of exchangeable XBTburied by the “Depuration Scenario“

Sang Bog Kim & T. Yankovich, 2005: published during EMRAS 1

XBH

OBTXBH

CBT

XBH

HTO take off

abrupt HTO increase

XBH + TOH XBT + HOH

rapid return, X1BH

Transplantation Scenario

Depuration Scenario

Measurements inLogarithmic Time Scale

Measurements inLinear Time Scale

Evaluation of XBT yieldneeds comparisionXBH/XBT

CBT << OBT

Table 1: Summary of OBT concentrations measured in mussel soft tissues following transplantation from Perch Lake (a lake that has received chronic, low-level tritium inputs over time) to Upper Bass Lake (a lake with significantly lower tritium concentrations). Duplicate measurements are provided where available. n.a. – not available* - please note that the final time point should be 117 days, as opposed to 115 days (which you included in your earlier email).

OBT DEPURATION DATA

Time (days) ExtrapolatedMeasured OBT ±1 Sigma (Bq/L)

0 n.a. 2,782 ± 25(from Perch Lake)

0.04 2,843 2,847 ± 18

0.08 2,786 2,625 ± 42

0.17 2,683 2,684 ± 62,645 ± 40

0.29 2,662 2,815 ± 22

1 2,619 2,605 ± 242,593 ± 31

2 2,608 2,627 ± 15

5 2,606 2,616 ± 10

12 2,396 2,419 ± 92,371 ± 29

26 2,209 2,254 ± 9

40 1,847 1,826 ± 15

55 1,826 1,897 ± 111,728 ± 33

85 1,844 1,845 ± 8

* 117 1,567 1,621 ± 111,530 ± 17

Mean Sigma of 14 measurements <1% of measured values!

±10%

CBT±10% CBT

OBT

4%

CBT << OBT: special case of mussels? Plants?

Thanksfor Your Attention!

solid

The anomaly of water explains the inter-molecular forces in bio-molecules

…HOH…

… H

OH

…

…HOH…

… H

OH

…

H-bond in water H-bond in organics

ROH…

RO

H …

… HOR

… H

OR

…H

liquid

Thanksfor Your Attention!

ETB-07-147 (Revision 0)2007 July 25TO: Franz BaumgartnerFROM: T.L. Yankovich and S.B. KimCC: P. DavisHi Franz.Hope all is well with you and your family. As requested, please find appended the table containing the measured data for the Dynamic Perch Lake Tritium Mussel Depuration Scenario to fill in the column of the table you sent by email earlier today. Both myself and Sang Bog Kim are very interested in collaborating with you on a publication and look forward to working with you on this! Also, as we plan to publish these data, it would be great if you could let us know prior to using the data for any other documents than the publication we produce together.Thanks for your interest and please feel free to drop me a note if you require any additional information.All the Best!Tamara.Tamara YankovichAtomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL)Environmental Technologies Branch, Stn. 51AChalk River LaboratoriesChalk Rver, Ontario K0J 1J0CANADATel.: +1 (613) 584-8811, ext. 4732FAX: +1 (613) 584-1221