(A Govt. of India Undertaking - Ministry of Water Resources)Established in June, 1969

International Consultants in Water Resources, Power and Infrastructure Development

PARTNERSHIP WITH AFRICA THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN IRRIGATION AND

AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT

WAPCOS Ltd.

Contents

Development Scenario

Technological Innovations for Irrigation & Agriculture

Development

Strategy for Social Upliftment

Role of Consultants

WAPCOS Profile

WAPCOS Proposal for Project Identification &

Development

Development Scenario Continent of Abundant Resources

Land Water Minerals Oil, Coal & Gas

Minerals World’s top producer

(Diamond 78%, Platinum 54%, Chromium 40%) Energy

Significant fossil fuels (Oil, Gas and Coal) Large biomass and bio-fuels potential Huge Hydro-electric potential (45 GW)

Tourism World’s greatest diversity (Culture, Flora, Fauna) Important source of livelihood

Development Objectives Food Security

Irrigation Development Introduction of high yielding varieties of seeds Provision of fertilizers and pesticides Crop husbandry techniques

Health Security Provision of safe drinking water for all Promotion of Sanitation and hygiene

Livelihood Security Direct and indirect employment in Irrigation and Agriculture Development of agro-based industries Cascading effect on other development activities

Ecological security Prevention of water pollution Maintaining Minimum flows in Rivers Measures against over exploitation of ground water resources

WATER is the main Catalyst to help meet “Development Needs”Growing FoodGenerating Energy for

Industrial Development Pumping of Ground Water for

Irrigation and Drinking Water Supply

Encouraging industrial and service sector growth

Generating Rural livelihoodsEnsuring the Integrity of

ecosystems for Environmental Protection Water Quality Plants Animals Prevention of Degradation of

Forest Cover and Soils etc.

Main issues in Irrigation and Agriculture Development

Investment in Irrigation Development• Storage reservoirs• Major and Medium irrigation projects

Lift Irrigation Projects• Development of ground water resources for minor irrigation

Energy Availability of pumps and other equipments Credit facility for small farmers

Around 60% of African workers employed by Agriculture Sector About 60% of African farmers are at Subsistence level Production just adequate for domestic consumption

Relatively small income for family Reinvestment in agriculture not possible No exportable surplus

Small land holdings Upgradation of skills required in irrigation practices and Crop

husbandry More emphasis on agricultural extension services

Main Issues in Agriculture Development in Africa....to be Contd.

Main Issues in Agriculture Development in Africa....to be Contd.

Institutional arrangements and their linkages Limited access to markets

High import tariffs in developed countries High subsidies to rich farmers in developed countries

African farm products need to compete in developed markets Few large farms operated by large enterprises for export

Coffee Cocoa Rubber

Manufacturing / assembly of tractors, harvesters, irrigation pumps etc. limited,

Due to little industrial development Few - Viable fertilizer and pesticide manufacturing units in most countries

Agricultural Indicators by Region

Future ScenariosGrowth in agricultural production – 3% per yearGrowth in cereal production – 3.4 % per yearPopulation Growth – 3.2% per year

Reflects need for enhanced developmental efforts

Africa South Asia

East Asia and Pacific

Latin America

and Caribbean

World

Proportion of arable land

irrigated (% age)

7.0 39.3 31.9 11.6 20.0

Added value per worker ($/year)

416 412 461 3028 645

Per capita cereal production (kg/year)

147 224 336 259 349

Cereal yield (kg/ha)

1225 2308 4278 2795 2067

Livestock productivity

(kg/ha)

164 121 150 198 193

Fertilizer Use (kg/ha)

22 109 241 85 100

Country/Region Maize Soybean

Oil palm

Sugarcane

Asia (Except West Asia)

0.62 0.47 0.74 0.68

Europe 0.81 0.84 N.A N.A

North America 0.89 0.77 N.A 0.72

Oceana 1.02 1.05 0.6 0.91

South America 0.65 0.67 0.87 0.93

North Africa & West Asia

0.62 0.91 N.A 0.95

Sub-Saharan Africa 0.20 0.32 0.32 0.54

Current yield relative to estimated potential yield

Source: World Bank 2010

Irrigation Efficiencies Method of Irrigation

Surface Sprinkler Drip

Conveyance Efficiency 40-50 (canal)60-70 (well)

- -

Application Efficiency 60-70 70-80 90

Surface water moisture evaporation

30-40 30-40 20-25

Overall efficiency 30-35 50-60 80-90

1. Judicious Use of Irrigation water

Lining of Water courses30-40% reduction in losses Appropriate Cropping patternOptimal utilization of available water

Efficiencies

Technological Innovations for Irrigation & Agriculture Development

2. Farm Mechanization

Increase in productivity 12-34% Seed-cum-fertilizer drill facilitates

Saving in seeds 20% Saving in fertilizer 15-20%

Enhancement in cropping intensity 5-22% Increase in gross income 29-49%

Farm Mechanization

Advantages

Sub soiler Disc plough

Mould Board Plough Reversible Mould Board Plough

PRIMARY TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS

Farm Mechanization (Cont.)

ROTAVATOR

POWER HARROW

SECONDARY TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS

Farm Mechanization (Cont.)

Multicrop Tractor drawnRidger Seeder

Farm Mechanization (Cont.)

Automatic Potato Planter in Operation

Tractor drawn AutomaticPotato Planter

Farm Mechanization (Cont.)

Mat type nursery raising in paddy

Farm Mechanization (Cont.)

Self Propelled Power Weeder

Farm Mechanization (Cont.)

Plant Protection Equipments

Foot sprayer Rocking sprayerKnap-sack sprayer

Power mist blower (Sprayer-cum- duster) TD Boom sprayer

Farm Mechanization (Cont.)

Forage Harvesters/Chopper

Reaper Binder

Farm Mechanization (Cont.)

Year Yield (kg/ha)

Rice Maize Wheat Oilseeds

1965-66 862 1005 827 419

1967-68 * 1032* 1123* 1103* 530 *

1975-76 1235 1203 1410 627

1985-86 1552 1146 2046 570

1995-96 1793 1570 2483 851

Green Revolution period – high yielding varieties

introduced-Productivity increased consistently immediately after introduction HYV\ in 1967-68 as compared to traditional varieties in use during 1965-66

3. Use of Seeds of High Yielding Varieties

Use of Seeds of HYV

4. Effective measures for insects, pests and disease control in plants

Weed Control : Weeds compete with crop and may result in 30-40% reduction in crop yield Insect, pest and disease control : Insects, pests & diseases may

result in yield loss upto 50% or more

Insect, Pest & Disease Control – Agro based Industry

5. Encouragement to Agro-based Industryo Production of small irrigation pumps and agricultural equipmento Agro-based industries

- fruit processing and packaging - jams , sauce , vinegar etc.- rice and lentil mills - flour mills- beverages and liquor

6. Green House for Cash Crops

Greenhouses can be used to turn inarable lands into arable lands Key features:

Light and temperature controlled to suit different crops Protect crops from too much heat/cold Keep out pests Used for growing

FlowersVegetablesFruitsTobacco plants

Advantages Yields can be 10-12 times higher than that of out-door cultivation Year round production of certain crops especially flowers Disease free and genetically superior transplants can be produced continuously

Green Houses

7. Watershed Management

Augmenting agricultural productivity throughLocal water harvesting and judicious use of waterSoil moisture conservationImproved crop husbandry

Preventing soil erosion (Soil Conservation) Generating alternative means of livelihood Management by local community

Objectives

Watershed Management

Type of Works Ridge Area Treatment

Contour bunding Bench terracing

Drainage Line Treatment Gully plugs Loose boulder checks Gabion structures

Development of Water harvesting structures

Low cost farm ponds Bunds across local streams Check dams Percolation tanks Groundwater recharge through

wells and bore wells Sub-surface dykes

Bench terracing

Contour bunding

Gully plugs

Check dams

Earthen bunds

Watershed Management (Cont.)

Nursery raising for fodder, fuel, timber and horticulture species Land Development including soil and moisture conservation

Field bunds Contour and graded bunds fortified with plantations Bench terracing in hilly terrain

Bench TerracingGraded bunds Pasture Development

8. Proper Marketing of Agricultural Produce Collection, storage and distribution facilities Road/Rail transport system Linkages with major sea ports Local, regional and material level marketing Policy Reforms in favour of producers, wholesalers and exporters

Proper Marketing, Capacity Building strategy

9. Capacity Building Strategyo Dedicated and decentralized institutional support and

delivery mechanism o Annual Action Plan for Capacity Buildingo Pool of Resource personso Well prepared training modules and reading materialso Mechanism for effective monitoring and follow up.

Strategy for Social Upliftment Expansion of irrigation coverage Augmenting Power generation and distribution

Development of the untapped hydro-power potential Development of power from other sources Rural electrification

Command Area development Control of soil degradation Prevention of drought and desertification

Strengthening Agricultural extension services Creating / strengthening urban and rural

infrastructure Strengthening community based organizations Capacity building through Information, Education and

Communication tools

Need for Integrated Projects from development of water source to marketing of Agriculture Produce

Present Requirement

Growing Recognition of “ PROJECT DEVELOPMENT GAP”

Financing is available, but bankable projects are not

EXPECTATIONS FROM PROJECTS

Balancing private and public sector interests

Transparency and investor confidence

Pursuit of sustainable economic and social benefits

Global financing options

CONSULTANTS QUALIFICATIONS

Experience in emerging markets

Willingness to go “THE EXTRA MILE”

Strategy for Social Upliftment (Cont.)

Project Conceptualizatio

n

Feasibility Study

Detailed Project Report

Construction

Commissioning & O&M

Modernization &

Rehabilitation

STAGES IN PROJECT CYCLE

Reconnaissance Survey &

Preliminary data collection

NEED ANALYSIS

Techno-economic Analysis

Detailed Surveys &

Investigations

Policy Framework &

Support Measures

Socio-cultural & Gender aspects

Institutional & Policy Aspects

Environmental Studies

EIA; EMP & R&R

Baseline SurveysPreparation of

Engineering design and Drawings

Economic and Financial Analysis

Cost Estimates

Construction Drawings

Project Management

Contract ManagementConstruction Supervision

Quality Control

Via

ble

P

roje

ct

Role of Consultant

Policy Studies/Development of Master Plans Pre-investment Studies/Financial Engineering Evaluate Viability and Risks Technology Promotion Catalyst for timely and quality delivery of the Project Confidence of borrower in Project Sustainability Transfer of Technology and Technical Expertise

Can be appointed by

Recommended by Funding Agency to, develop the Project from Concept to Commissioning and appointed by borrowing Govt.

Funding Agency Lender’s Engineer

Borrowing Govt.

Project Developer

Owner’s Engineer

31

WAPCOS- A Profile• Established in June 1969 under the

aegis of Ministry of Water Resources, GOI under Companies Act, 1956 To share India’s experience and expertise in Water

Resources, Power and Infrastructure Development

Provide opportunities for use of Indian Expertise in diverse geographical and climatic conditions with other countries

Facilitate Diplomatic Initiatives to forge long term relations with other developing Countries and contribute in their economic development

To augment endeavours of State and Central agencies by providing total engineering solutions

World Bank

Asian Development Bank

African Development Bank

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa

Food and Agriculture Organisation

International Fund for Agriculture Development

United Nations Development Programme

World Health Organisation

Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Programme

Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)

United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)

Registration with International Organisations

Supporting Organisations

Central Water Commission

Survey of India (SOI)

Geological Survey of India (GSI)

Central Ground Water Board

(CGWB)

Indian Council of Agricultural

Research (ICAR)

Indian Meteorological

Department (IMD)

Central Electricity

Authority (CEA)

Central Water and Power Research

Station (CWPRS)

Central Soil and Materials Research

Station (CSMRS)

AFGHANISTAN ALGERIA ARMENIA BANGLADESH BURKINA FASO BHUTAN BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN

REPUBLIC CHAD DR CONGO ERITERIA ETHIOPIA FIJI ISLANDS GEORGIA GHANA INDONESIA IRAN

RWANDA SENEGAL SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SRI LANKA SOLOMON

ISLANDS SOUTH AFRICA SUDAN SWAZILAND SYRIA • TAIWAN TANZANIA TOGO UGANDA VIETNAM YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE

ONGOING PROJECTS MORE BUSINESS

EXPECTED SHORTLY PROJECTS COMPLETED

IN THE PAST

IRAQ KENYA KOREA LAOS LESOTHO MALAYSIA MALI MAURITIUS MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR• NAMIBIA NEPAL NIGER NIGERIA OMAN PHILIPPINES

Water Resources• Irrigation, Drainage and Water Management• Ground Water Exploration and Minor Irrigation• Flood Control and River Morphology• Water Bodies and Lakes Conservation• Agriculture Including Dry Lands Farming

Power• Hydro Electric Projects• Thermal Power Projects• Transmission & Distribution• Rural Electrification

Infrastructure• Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage• Environmental Engineering• Ports & Harbours and Inland Waterways• Urban and Rural Areas Development• System Studies and Information Technology

Major Fields of Specialisation

Range of Consultancy Services

Route Survey, Uttarakhand

Sewerage Scheme, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

Preliminary Investigations/ Reconnaissance

Feasibility Studies/Planning/Project Formulation

Baseline and Socio-Economic Surveys

Field Investigations and Testing

Engineering Designs, Drawings and Tendering Process

Contract Management and Construction Supervision

Operation and Maintenance

Institutional/Human Resources Development

ExperienceSurvey & Investigation/ Pre-feasibility/Detailed Project Reports for over 300 Projects in Irrigation, Water Resources, Flood Control, Ground Water, Agricultural etc. Contributed in Development of Irrigation Potential of Over 12 Million Ha.

Surveys & Investigation/Detailed Project Reports & Project Management Consultancy for over 200 Projects in Water Supply & Sanitation, IEC, Rural & Urban Development, Roads and Highways Engineering etc.

Surveys & Investigations/

Modelling/Detailed Engineering for over 180 Ports and Inland Navigation Projects

Environmental Impact Assessment Studies for over 200 Projects in India & Abroad in the fields of Irrigation, Hydro Power, Thermal Power, Ports & Harbour, Hospitals etc.

Experience (Contd.)

47 Hydro Power Projects in 17 Countries with an installed capacity of more than 20,000 MW

8 Thermal Power Projects with an installed capacity of more than 2900 MW

17 Transmission Projects

Over 43 Hydro Power Projects with an installed capacity of more than 8000 MW

7 Thermal Power Projects with an installed capacity of more than 11000 MW

Overseas India

POWER SECTORExperience (Contd.)

RECOGNITION

Dr. Manmohan Singh, Hon’ble Prime Minister presenting the Top Performing CPSEs’ “MoU Excellence Award” to Shri R.K. Gupta, CMD, WAPCOS, in the presence of Shri Praful Patel, Hon’ble Minister of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Government of India. The Award has been instituted by Department of Public Enterprises, Government of India to honour those who performed for India’s growth. The Award was presented in a glittering ceremony held on 31st January, 2012 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi

WAPCOS Conferred with Water Awards 2011-2012 Best Consultancy Company Supported by

UNESCO PHD Chamber of Commerce ET Now Water Digest

WAPCOS selected for Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC) award under category of Star Performer - Project Export for the year 2010-11

WAPCOS Proposal for Project Identification &

DevelopmentPhase – I (Short Term) Expansion of Minor Irrigation through

• Local Rainwater Harvesting

• Small Storage Reservoirs

Survey and Investigations for

Integrated Water Resources Development with Focus on

Large Irrigation Schemes

Hydropower Development

WAPCOS Proposal for Project Identification &

DevelopmentPhase – I (Short Term) Expansion of Minor Irrigation through

• Local Rainwater Harvesting

• Small Storage Reservoirs

Survey and Investigations for

Integrated Water Resources Development with Focus on

Large Irrigation Schemes

Hydropower Development

Preparation of a Comprehensive Master Plan for

• Irrigation and Agriculture Development

Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building with Focus on

Introduction of High Yielding Variety of Crops

Judicious use of Irrigation Water

Farm Mechanization

Policy and Legislative Reforms to Boost Domestic Market for Agricultural Produce

WAPCOS ProposalPhase I (Short Term) (Contd.)

Phase – II (Medium Term) Construction of Medium

Irrigation Schemes Setting up Small Agricultural

Demonstration Farms Institutional Arrangements for

Agricultural Credit Facilities Construction of Small and

Medium Infrastructure Works

WAPCOS Proposal(Contd.)

Phase – III (Long Term) Construction of Major Multipurpose Schemes Setting up Land and Water Management Institutes and

Agricultural Sciences Centers Construction of Major Infrastructure Development Works