A broader outlook on Recycle vis-a-vis Circular Economy in the tire … · AshokeKarmokar Innovation Division Bridgestone Corp., Japan ATRC 2107Chennai June 16-17, 2017 A broader

Ashoke KarmokarInnovation Division

Bridgestone Corp., Japan

ATRC 2107 ChennaiJune 16-17, 2017

A broader outlook on Recycle vis-a-visCircular Economy in the tire industry

2/26Copyright © 2017 Bridgestone Corporation | June 16-17, 2017

Circular Economy: The concept

A step change in business strategy which includes;

- opting for reusable materials in design

- ending of wasteful manufacturing process

- embracing renewable material in the products

- developing markets for repurposed products

Circular Economy is a new element for future industrial models toward replacing take-make-dispose approach with more restoration by taking back valuable resource in the regenerating loop;

- circular approach instead of linear one

Ref.:1. Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2015), ‘Growth Within: A Circular Economy Vision for a Competitive Europe.’ 2. Accenture (2014), ‘Circular Advantage: Innovative Business Models and Technologies to Create Value in a Worlds

without Limits to Growth.’


Ref.: http://www.etrma.org/uploads/Modules/Newsroom/2015-09-29_etrma-position-paper-on-circular-economy_vf.pdf

… and is now taking the next step towards improved performance essential in line with the Circular Economy.

Circular Economy: Tire Industry

ETRMA Vision:… tire industry has already

brushed up many of the stated principles of Circular Economy,

End-of-life stage: collection and the subsequent recover/ recycle rate of scraped tires show commendable result as compared to other wastes.


Scrap Tire Managements: USA & EU

Total Scrap(2015):

USA: 4.04 mil. tons(treatment: 87.9%)

Europe:3.87 mil. tons(treatment: 92.2%)

1. RMA, 2015 U.S. Scrap Tire ManagementSummary (updated May 2017)2. ETRMA, End-of-Life Tyre REPORT 2015

Europe2

USA1Recovering/recycling rates of scraped tires in the USA and Europe show the higher levels of around 90%


Last 5 years Trends

Scrap Tire Management: Japan

Graph based on JATMA Statisticshttp://www.jatma.or.jp/environment/report01.html

(accessed on May31, 2017

No. of scrap tires in 2016: 94 million (treatment : 90.5%)

new market for scraped tire derived materials

6/26Copyright © 2017 Bridgestone Corporation | June 17, 2017

Bulk Properties of TDR Materials Lightweight (1/3 ～1/2 of soil)

Durable (> 50years)

Resilient (low hysteresis loss)

High repose angle (stiff slope)

Thermal insulation (1/8-1/5 of soil)

Permeable (about 10 times of sand)

Commonly recognized as beneficial for use as geomaterials in civil/geotechnical engineering application

Scrap Tire Derived Aggregates


Drainage layer Thermal insulation Clay rubber

Applications:


DrainageLayers

Conventionally used Gravel

Drainage Under High Embankment: Outlines

Tire Shreds

Permeability of tire shreds under compressed conditions

Embankment in Mountainous area


Results of Consolidation Tests

0

10

20

30

40

0 90 180 270 360 450Vertical Pressure(kPa)

Com

pres

sive

Stra

in (%

)

Initial Density(5.7kN/m³)


0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.20.1 1 10 100 1000

Vertical Pressure (kPa)

Void

Rat

io



Very high levels of compressive strain of tire shreds

High level of void ratio exists even after imparting quite heavy compaction

26 ‒ 33% compression of tire shreds for a load equivalent to 20m high embankment


1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

1.E+01

0 5 10 15 20 25

圧縮率 (%)

透水係数(cm/s)

SG(Com)

SG(Ret)

Grvl(H)

SCJV(BS)

SCJV(JH1)

SCJV(JH2)

1.801.80ＳＣＪＶ（Ｊ２）ＳＣＪＶ（Ｊ２）

1.711.71ＳＣＪＶ（Ｊ１）ＳＣＪＶ（Ｊ１）

1.721.72ＳＣＪＶ（Ｂ１）ＳＣＪＶ（Ｂ１）

1.771.77GGｒｖｌｒｖｌ

0.650.65～～0.850.85

ＳＧＳＧ

密度密度

ｇｇ//ｃｃｃｃ

テストテスト

1.801.80ＳＣＪＶ（Ｊ２）ＳＣＪＶ（Ｊ２）

1.711.71ＳＣＪＶ（Ｊ１）ＳＣＪＶ（Ｊ１）

1.721.72ＳＣＪＶ（Ｂ１）ＳＣＪＶ（Ｂ１）

1.771.77GGｒｖｌｒｖｌ

0.650.65～～0.850.85

ＳＧＳＧ

密度Density

ｇｇ//ｃｃｃｃ

テストMaterials

Compression (%)

Coefficient of

Permeability

(cm/s)

Applied Permeability Tests


Construction Details Construction area：

40m x 10m / layer Tire shreds：

200m3 (120ton) / layer Layer thickness：

400mm (500mm laying)

Cross Section of Embankment

Hobetsu Tunnel EastHighway Construction Area

Hokkaido, Japan


Laying Dressing

Finishing

Major Steps of Construction

Completed Embankment (after 1 year)



Applications:


ConstructionSite

Frost-Heave Mitigation: Outlines

Investigate the in-situ performance of Tire Shreds

Site: Hokkaido, Japan (Highway water drainage system)

Problem: Frost-heaving causes severe damage to the civil engineering structures

Measures: Replace frost-susceptible soil by material that does not contain water, and pores be large enough for free draining of water

SiphoningEffect

Thermal ConductionEffect

Frost-susceptible

soil

CrackingEffect

FrostedArea

Pre-castConcreteTrench

LateralPressure

Up

SiphoningEffect

Thermal ConductionEffect

Frost-susceptible

soil

CrackingEffect

FrostedArea

Pre-castConcreteTrench

LateralPressure

Up

Image of frost-penetration phenomenon

Tilt/Crack effects


Laboratory Study: Thermal Conductivity

0

20

40

60

80

100

0.01 0.1 1Grain Size (mm)

Cumulative Percentage (%)

Rubber Grains

Toyoura SandSohma Sand (#6)

Materials: Rubber powder ･ Toyoura sand ・ Soma sand

Apparatus: Thermal Conductivity Meter (for sheet/blanket form materials with thickness <10mm)

Results:

Thermal conductivity of sand is 3-4 times higher than tire rubber powder

Thermal Conductivity Meter

Specimens

Scrap tire shreds may be beneficial for mitigating frost-penetration phenomenon

Grain size distribution of materials


Field Constructions

Conventionally used material : Gravel

ScrapTire Shreds

Field construction using scrap tire shreds

Laying Compaction Soil Capping

Site in Winter Spell (Snow deposition 130cm)

Site view

ShredsGravel

New material Cross-sectional Image


Temperature Distributions

Elapsed Time(Months)

Elapsed Time(Months)

Effective insulation behavior of tire shreds over gravel backfill

12C higher Temp. of ground soil behind tire shreds than gravel side



Applications:


Cement Treated Clay Rubber: Concept

Concept of CTCR

Addition of rubber grain is thought to offer an effective means of improving ductility, and thus enabling the use in geotechnical structures where deformation is anticipated


Cement Treated Clay Rubber Preparation

Preparation of CTCR

Common lab. set-up was used for preparing CTCR sample


せん断応力 (kN/m2)

水平変位 (mm)

ゴム混入（0g/L）ゴム混入（200g/L）ゴム混入（400g/L）ゴム混入（600g/L）

0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Shear

Stress

Horizontal Displacement (mm)

Rubber (0g/L)Rubber (200g/L)Rubber (400g/L)Rubber (600g/L)

High Toughness

Shear Behavior of CTCR

Toughness improves with the inclusion of rubber grains, and such improvement varies with the amount of rubber grains


Permeability Behavior of CTCR

Fine cracks in CTCR allow only less water bleeding channels to be formed and thus maintains lower coefficient of permeability


Field Application: Offshore Waste Disposal Site

Disposal Sites at Tokyo Bay Area

CTCR

Sea

Use of CTCR near the foundation for basement sealing was adopted as the potential method of wall construction

Cross Sectional Image(Double Layered Steel Pipe Wall)


ShipPosition

Preparatory ShipＳ

ＮＧ-Block

Field Construction

Construction continued for 3 days with on-site collection of dredged clay and mixing/laying of CTCR on-board of a ship


Field Construction: Packs of Rubber Grains

About 80 tons of scrap tires derived rubber grains were used in this advanced and highly sensitive field application

Sack:550kg144 sacks


Summary

Scrap tire derived materials in the forms of shreds/grains have shown essential properties, e.g., permeable, insulating, resilient, etc., and those properties may be recognized as beneficial to many other engineering field applications.

Case studies on the use of scrap tire derived materials in diversified civil/geotechnical engineering applications are highlighted as potential technology portfolio for tire recycling.

Such initiatives in a greater way would increase the recycling of scrap tires which in turn is believed to be helpful in realizing the interests of Circular Economy.

Documents

A broader outlook on Recycle vis-a-vis Circular Economy in the tire … · AshokeKarmokar Innovation Division Bridgestone Corp., Japan ATRC 2107Chennai June 16-17, 2017 A broader