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9th EuropeanPalaeobotany - Palynology, -
Conference•
26~31 August -2014
/
Padova - Italy
EPPC 2014 Padua, Italy - 26-31 August 2014 Abstract Book
The impact of the 8.2 ka rapid climatechange event on the vegetation and lakeecosystem of the South Carpathian Moun-tains, RomaniaTALK IN 8E8810N 828
Pal, llona! [[email protected]}; EnikOMagyari2; Buczk6, Krisztina3; Braun, MihéJly4;Pa!fy, J6zsef; Molnar, MihéJly6; Finsinger,Walter7
IDepartment oj Physical and Applied Geology, E6tv6sLorémd University, Budapest (Hungary)2MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Groupjor Paleontology,Budapest, Hungary and Seminar oj Geography andEducation, University ojCologne, Cologne (Germany)3Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest(Hungary)4Department oj Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry,University oj Debrecen, Debrecen (Hungary)5Department oj Physical and Applied Geology, E6tv6sLorémd University, and MTA-MTM-ELTE ResearchGroup jor Paleontology, Budapest (Hungary)6Institute ojNuclear Research ojthe HungarianAcademy ojSciences, Debrecen (Hungary)'Institut de Botanique, Centre jor Bioarcheology andEcology, Montpellier (France)
The Early Holocene (11600-7000 cal yr BP) was aclimatjcally unstable period, rich in rapid climatechange events (RCCs). Out of the short coolingevents, the 8.2 ka event is ofparticular importance,partly because it is also detectable in the 1)180 rec-ord of the Greenland ice core (NGRlP). Researchresults from Europe suggest changes in pollen pro-duction and treeline both in the Alps and EastemCarpathians. In this study we present high-resolu-tion Early Holocene pollen, charcoal, plantmacrofossil, diatom, biogenic silica and loss-on-ig-nition records from a mountain lake (Taul dintreBrazi) in the South Carpathians in order to revealecosystem response to the 8.2 ka climatic oscilla-tion. We found significant changes both in terres-trial vegetation and lake diatom assemblages in thenorthem slope ofthe Retezat Mts between ca 8300and 8000 cal yr BP. Rapid changes in relative fre-quencies and pollen accumulation rates of the ma-jor deciduous pollen types (Carpinus betulus,Quercus, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus, Ulmus andCorylus avellana) associated with peaks in micro-charcoal accumulation rates suggested that vegeta-tion disturbance mainly took piace in the mixed-de-ciduous forest zone, where woodland fires partiallydestroyed the populations of F. excelsior, Quercus
and C. avellana, and facilitated the establishment ofC. betulus in the forest openings. Macrocharcoalaccumulation rates were low at these times showingno changes in vegetation composition in the subal-pine zone. These data corroborate the pollen-in-ferred positioning ofthe fires to the deciduous for-est zone and the absence of vegetation disturbancein the spruce zone where the studied lake is situ-ated. The diatom record furtherrnore showed thespread of a planktonic diatom species, Aulacoseiravalida, at 8150 cal yr BP, coincidently with a short-lived expansion of C. betulus. Since diatom bloomsmainly occur in spring in the Retezat Mts, increasedspring water-depth and increased water turbulencewas inferred from these data. The expansion of C.betulus against F. excelsior and C. avellana at thesame time suggested a modest increase in availablemoisture during the growing season. Taken to-gether, our data imply that during the 8.2 ka eventwinter and spring season available moisture in-creased, while summers were characterised by al-temating moistlcool and dry/warm conditions.
DNA analysis as tool for identification ofbacteria in archaeological waterloggedwoodTALK IN 8E8810N 832
Palla, Franco! [[email protected]}; Barresi,Giovanna!; Di Carlo, Enza!IUniversity oj Palermo, Palermo (Italy)
In this work molecular techniques were applied inorder to integrate the results obtained by Optical(OM) and Scanning Electron (SEM) Microscopy,to understanding and assessing the changes in theanatomical structure of archaeological waterloggedwood (Pinus sp.) induced by bacteria colonization.Observation of wooden thin sections by OMshowed the presence ofblack and dark-brown areas(must probably due to sulfur compound) and min-erai concretions. The SEM micrographs revealed aspecific cell wall alteration, attributable to bacterialactivity and abundant pyrite framboids (as singlestructure or clustered). The presence of sulfur com-pounds in archaeological waterlogged wood, indi-cate both long-terrn burial in anoxic environmentand colonization by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Mo-lecular biology investigation was perforrnedthrough ad hoc protocols by direct DNA extractionfrom wood samples and in vitro amplification of
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ABSTRACT BOOK Padua, Italy, 26-31 August 2014 EPPC 2014
bacteriaDNA target sequences (16S, ITS regions-rRNA).The results reveal and identify bacterial ge-nusas Pseudomonas, Cellulomonas, XanthomonasandBacillus that, as reported in the related scien-tific literature, are the most common cellulosolyticand ligninolytic bacteria. Moreover were also re-vealedthe presence of Marinobacter sp. and Desul-forudis audaxviator, respectively iron - oxidizingand sulfate - reducing bacteria. The investigationprotocol set up in this work can be applied to arange of wooden artifacts of archaeological fin d-ingsfor both identification ofbacteria colonizationshed some light on the degradation phenomena, in-dispensable for correct conservation and restorationstrategies.
Ecological insights from a long pollen rec-ordfrom a mid-altitude site in SW BalkansTALK IN 8E8810N 828
Panagiotopoulos, Konstantinosl
[[email protected]}; Papadopoulou,Marial; Panajiotidis, Sampson2; Tsakiridou,Margarita2; Schiibitz, Frane'UniversityojCologne, Cologne (Germany)'AristotleUniversity ojThessaloniki, Thessaloniki(Greece)
Lake Prespa is situated at an altitude of849 m a.s.l.in a mountainous region of SW Balkans (40°57'50"N, 20°58'41" E), which at present is characterizedby a sub-Mediterranean climate and a diverse mod-em flora. A long composite sediment core coveringthe last 92 ka was investigated using pollen analy-sis. This continuous pollen record suggests that thewider Lake Prespa catchment sustained refugialtemperate tree populations throughout this periodoOak pollen comprises the majority ofthe temperatetree percentages and the continuous oak curve sug-gests their survival at Prespa over the last glacial atlower elevations and sheltered locations. Oak for-ests are dominant within the catchment over theHolocene. Increasing anthropogenic activity in-cluding deforestation (mostly pines), pastoralismand agriculture resulted in an increase of herb per-centages during the late Holocene. In order to eval-uate the impact of grazing on understory species inoak forests, moss polsters from mid-altitude oakforests with different grazing regimes were ana-lyzed. The modem pollen spectra suggest thatgrazed oak forests are more diverse in terrns ofher-baceous pollen species. In the fossil pollen spectra,
a distinct increase of palynological richness is rec-orded after ca 2 ka cal BP. Considering that herba-ceous pollen is usuallyunderrepresented in forestedstages due to limited wind dispersal below the can-opy, the pollen suggests that this increase in paly-nological richness recorded in the Prespa catchmentis most likely triggered by forest clearing and inten-sification of agriculture that produced a mosaicvegetational structure.Thisproject is part ojthe Collaborative Research Center806"Our Way To Europe; Culture-Environment lnterac-tion and Human Mobility in the Late Quaternary"(www.sjb806.de).
Modern pollen and charcoal studies fromeastern MediterraneanTALK IN 8E8810N 830
Panajiotidis, Sampsonl [[email protected]};Christodoulou, Aretil; Fotiadis, Georgiosl;Gerasimidis, Achillesl
IFaculty oj Forestry and Natural Environment, AristotleUniversity, Thessaloniki (Greece)
The Pollen Monitoring Programme (PMP) aims atbetter interpretation of past vegetation changes bymonitoring modem pollen deposition and invento-rying vegetation around the pollen monitoring sites.Fire events constitute a major ecological disturb-ance that can cause large changes in the vegetation.Charcoal analysis is the main tool in assessing pastfire regimes of an area. Sets of pollen traps placedin the Pieria Mts. (north-central Greece), TimfristosMt (centrai Greece) and Troodos Mt (Cyprus) wereanalysed for their content in pollen and charcoalfragments several years after the fire events in 2007(Pieria Mts., Troodos Mt) and 2008 (TimfristosMt). Four size classes of charcoal fragments, 10-50µm, 50-100 µm, 100-200 µm, and >200 µm wererecorded. Deposition of charcoal fragments lastedfor 2-3 years after the large (>2000 ha), mainly sur-face, fire in the Pieria Mts. In the Timfristos Mt,where a few small-size and relatively distant firesoccurred in 2008, deposition of charcoal fragmentsceased after 2009. In the Troodos Mt the large(> 1000 ha), mainly crown fire resulted in the depo-sition of charcoal fragments in all traps until 2012.In the trap located closest to the fire, a significantrise in charcoal accumulation rates (ChAR) was ob-served in 2012, which is attributed mainly to sedi-ment washed in the pollen trap. Charcoal fragments
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