9amEng 102 Ramage Chapter5and6 Smarted

7/29/2019 9amEng 102 Ramage Chapter5and6 Smarted

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ENG 102 9AM

Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence EffectivelyRamage Chapter 6: Moving your Audience


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ENG 102Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively


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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY Sufficiency Typicality Accuracy Relevance


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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELYSufficiency The more contested a claim or the more an

audience is skeptical, the more evidence isneeded

Dont make argument overly long and tediouswith too much evidence

Word your claim so that audience supports it


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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELYTypicality Evidence should be typical and representative

rather than an extreme instance


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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELYAccuracy Evidence cant be used ethically unless it is

accurate and up-to-date Evidence cant be persuasive unless the

audience believes in the writers credibility(ethos)


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STAR CRITERIA:GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELYRelevance Argument: I deserve an A because I worked

exceptionally hard. Provides evidence of how hard he worked, but

not why he deserves an A.


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KINDS OF EVIDENCEData from Personal experience

Insufficient (hasty generalization), not typical, notadequately scientific or verifiable Observation/field research

Flaws in how observations were conducted, showinghow data are insufficient, inaccurate, or nontypical Interviews, questionnaires, surveys

Raise doubts about research methodology,questionnaire design, or typicality of interview subjects Library or internet research

Raise doubts about sufficiency, typicality, or relevance


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KINDS OF EVIDENCE Testimony

Question credentials of source, show sources bias, orquotes a countersource Statistical data

Question methods, research design, interpretation ofdata Hypothetical examples, cases, & scenarios

Show implausibility of scenario or offer an alternativescenario

Reasoned sequence of ideas Point to different values or outline differentconsequences


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CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMINGSOURCES OF EVIDENCE What personal experiences have you had with thisissue? What details from your life or the lives of yourfriends, acquaintances, or relatives might serve asexamples or other kinds of evidence? What observational studies would be relevant to thisissue? What people could you interview to provide insights orexpert knowledge on this issue? What questions about your issue could be addressed ina survey or questionnaire? What useful information on this issue mightencyclopedias, specialized reference books, or theregular book collection in your university library provide?


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CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMINGSOURCES OF EVIDENCE What evidence might you seek on this issueusing licensed database indexing sources for

magazines, newspapers, and scholarlyjournals?

How might an Internet search engine help youresearch this issue?

What evidence might you find on this issuefrom reliable statistical resources such as USCensus Bureau data, the Centers for DiseaseControl, or Statistical Abstract of the US?


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ENG 102 1PM

Ramage Chapter 6: Moving your Audience


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REVIEW LOGOS, ETHOS, & PATHOSLogos Focuses on the quality of the message Focuses on the internal consistency and clarity of theargument and on the logic of its reasons and supportEthos Focuses attention on the credibility of the writer Conveyed through the writers investment in claim;through fairness when considering alternative views;through tone, style, grammar, mechanics, & citationsPathos Focuses on values and beliefs of intended audience Emotional appeal


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HOW CAN ONE CREATE EFFECTIVE ETHOS? Be knowledgeable about issue Be fair Build a bridge to the audience Demonstrate professionalism


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HOW CAN EFFECTIVE PATHOS BE CREATED? Use concrete language Use specific examples & illustrations Use narratives Use words, metaphors, and analogies with

appropriate connotations


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IN-CLASS ACTIVITYListen to Seusss Butter Battle Book1. As you analyze the argument from the perspective of kairos, answerthe following questions:a. What is the motivating occasion for this argument? That is, whatcauses this writer to put pen to paper or fingers to keyboard?b. What conversations is the writer joining? Who are the other voices inthis conversation? What are these voices saying that compels thewriter to add his or her own voice? How was the stage set to create

the kairotic moment for this argument?c. Who is the writers intended audience and why?d. What is the writers purpose? Toward what view or action is the writertrying to persuade his or her audience?e. To what extent can various features of the argument be explained by

your understanding of its kairotic moment?2. Now analyze the same argument for its appeals to logos, ethos, andpathos. How successful is this argument in achieving its writerspurpose?


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FOR FRIDAY Definition Essay Rough Draft Read Hacker Chapters 8 & 36

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9amEng 102 Ramage Chapter5and6 Smarted