15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)

96loO9Q4 Characterlatlcs of reactlons In processes using 96100913 Cllmate change: The New Zealand response coal energy and the productlon and abatement of envlronment pollutants

New Zealand Minisrry for rhe Environment, PO Box 10362, WellingrOn, New Zealand, 69 pp.

Naruse, I. Kagaku Kogaku, 1995, 59, (a), 386-387. (In Japanese) Discusses the relation between coal particle internal structures and coal reaction properties, formation of N,O m coal combustion, and the study of high-efficiency in-situ CaCO,-containing desuiphurization agents.

This is the first national communication of New Zealand under the Frame- work Convention on Climate Change and presents an inventory of poiiu- tant emissions from energy, industrial and agricultural sectors as well as from wastes, and the pohcies to reduce emissions.

96100905 Chernobyl health effects: Radlatlon or stress? Greenhaigh, G. Nuclear Engng. Int., Nov. 1995,40, (496), 38-39. While very high numbers of deaths and other illnesses have been attributed to the Chernobyl accident, sometimes deliberately to raise fears about nuclear energy, there is growing medical evidence that fear itself plays a part in causing the health problems. The author discusses health problems iiom the Che&obyi accident.

96100906 Clean fossll fuel power generation Hunter. J. Enerpv World, Oct. 1995. (232). 15-16. The w&id is de&&ding cleaner and’iore’efficient power generation to satisfy rising demand for electricity at lower cost. The article puts the case for ndw clean coal, or oil, combined cycle power generation systems cur- rently bein developed worldwide, but not fast enough to benefit UK con- sumers an d .’ Brltlsh manufacturing industry.

96100907 Cleaner lndustrlal productlon In deveioplng coun- trles: Market opportunltles for developed countries Luken, R. A. and Freij, A. C. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 71-78. The paper explores the potential size of the export market for cleaner industrial technology from developed to developing countries.

96lOO906 Cleaner productlon In Portugal - A general approach Peneda, M. and Frazao, R. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 25-28. In order to understand the framework for the first Portuguese Demonstra- tion Programme on Cleaner Production, the situation of the Portuguese industry and industrial politics is presented. In this context the activities of the Portuguese Ministry of Industry and Energy are referred to as well as its strategic lines for industry technological support, including the stimuia- tion of cleaner production to companies. The main pollution problems in Portugal are also presented, related to industrial solid waste, water poiiu- tion, air pollution and natural and man-induced risks, as well as the needs for investments in the 1990s for their control. The Portuguese Cleaner Production, organized by INETI-ITA is presented, stating its main objec- tives and activities.

96100909 Cleaner productlon: Beyond projects Baas. L. W. J. Cleaner Prod.. 1995. 3. 111. 55-59. Discisses how empirical reseaich hai re;eaied that, despite the positive results of many cleaner production case studies, in practice relatively little spontaneous spreading of the application of cleaner production approaches occurs. The paper reflects on the developments in cleaner production and products research within the past few years.

96100910 Cleaner products in the Nordic countries based on the life c ogy Pro ect and The jy

cle assessment a preach. The Swedish Product Ecol- Nor 8 ic Project for Sustainable Product

Development Rydberg, T. J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 101-105. Experiences from the implementation of the approach of ‘cleaner produc- tion’ or ‘environmentally sound product development’ in general, and from the use of this process of computer tools for life cycle assessments in particular, are covered in this paper. The work has been done within The Swedish Product Ecology Project, and its joint Nordic continuation Sus- tainable Product Development. The projects aim at integrating environ- mental optimization in product design and product development by developing user-friendly computer tools for calculating the total environ- mental impact of products from cradle to grave.

96lOO911 Cleaner technologies in Europe Christiansen, K. et al., J. Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 67-70. At the start of 1993 the Commission of the European Union (EU), DG XI, initiated a study on cleaner technology in the EU Member States. The study has been carried out by the following organizations: RENDAN A/S, Danish Resource Management Centre, Denmark (project manager); Kru- ger, AS, Denmark; TME, Institute for Applied Environmental Economics, The Netherlands. The aim of the study was to give an update on the status and development of the implementanon of cleaner technology in the EU Member States, identify future trends and formulate recommendations for future action by the European Commission.

96100912 Climate change: Australia’s national report under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Australian Dept. of the Environment, Sport & Territories, GPO Box 787, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, 101 pp. The report presents the national context: geography, climate, population, natural-resources, agriculture, industry, transport, and energy, climate fore- casting methodologies, and Australia’s vulnerability to climate change and sectoral policy responses.

96100914 Cllmats protectlon In Denmark Denmark Ministry of the Environment, Danish Environmental Protection

Apencv. Strandpade 20. DK-1401. Cooenhanen Denmark 116 DD. A”rep& of theYDanish government ii accoydance with ,&ticie’i2 of the UN Framework ConventIon on Climate Change provide information on the following: reference data on Denmark such iis geography, population, coasts, climate and the consumption of primary energy sources for energy and transport purposes, greenhouse gas emissions (1990-2005), the impact of expected &mate change on Denmark, especially the impact of sea level rise in the coastal area, and policies and measure to reduce emissions in the energy, transport and waste sectors.

96100915 Coal fly ash as a compostlng materlal for sewage sludge: Effect on mlcroblal actlvltles Wong, J. W. er al., Environ. Technol., 1995, 16, (6), 527-537. Coal fly ash has a strong alkaline buffering capacity which may render heavy metals in sewage sludge unavailable and the aim of this project is to study the potential of coal fly ash as a co-composting material for sewage sludge by evaluating its effeot on the microbial decomposition of sewage sludge.

96100916 Combustlon research In Czech ‘Clean Coal Tech- nology’ program Noskievic, P. and Koiat, P. Zest. Nauk. Polirech. Slask, Energ., 1994, 121, 187-194. (In Polish) Discusses the turbulent transfer phenomena in boilers to ensure the reduc- tion of solid and gaseous emission. The research is based on the results of ~20 years of a suitability of t g

plied combustion research, and it is possible to evaluate the e designed output of the power plant unit with a minimum

of harmful emissions when burning low-grade Czech coal.

96100917 Commercial ventilation Hampson, M. Heat. Vent. Rev., Sep. 1995, 35, (II), 34-43. A special feature on new commercial ventilation equipment on the UK market.

96100916 A complex study of alr pollution wlth cadmium, lead, polycyciic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur dloxlde, and black smoke In the Zasavje Industrialized urban region In Slovenla Milacic, R. et al., Ann. Chim. (Rome), 1995, 85, (3), 131-148. Discusses an investigation into air pollution from 1991 to 1994 in Trbovije, Zagorje, and Hrastnik, three towns in the Zasavje industraiiized urban region of Siovenia.

96100919 Cooperation between regional authorities and industrial comoanies on manaaement of the environment Neergaard-Henrichsen, J. et al., J.-Cleaner Prod., 1995, 3, (l), 29-31. In the CHARTA project operational oossibiiities are applied in order that companies and eivir&metitai authority in practice employ the latest prin- ciples on environmental management and cleaner technology. Thus a pre- ventive effort is secured as the leading principle, rather than the ascertaining remedy principle. One of the major elements in the CHARTA project is the development of a new strategy, the main objective of which is to stimulate the industries in the county to implement environmental management systems and cleaner technology initiatives. The new strategy is based on the companies’ individual responsibility and corresponds to the companies’ environmental efforts and abilities to document their environ- mental performance. Those companies in Denmark that continually reduce their waste are given more flexibility and liberty of action.

96100920 Cost versus emission minimization In thermal elec- tricity generation: A case of SO, emissions reduction from the Indian power system Chattopadhyay, D. Int. J. Energy Res., Nov. 1995, 19, (S), 721-727. There is a trade-off between costs and emission minimizing obiectives for electricity generation because of the measures needed to re&c;emissions. For SO, emission reduction there are adjustments within the system which involve-deviation from the least-cost generation schedule, changing power mix for future capacity and installation of abatement equipments, e.g. flue gas desuiphurization unit. The linear programming modeiiing framework (INGRID) presented brings out the nature of this trade-off for SO, emis- sions reduction from the Indian power system for existing capacity and future capacity addition. The adjustment within the existing system can take place through integrated optimal operations of various electricity utiii- ties by substituting generation of more polluting plants by less emitting efficient plants.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1996 55