18 Energy conversion and recycling

95106761 Drlnum: ‘Wasting energy Is often easy to remedy’ Raaiien, W. Gas (Nerherlan&J, Sep. 1995, 115, (9), 16-18. (In Flemish) The hei ‘Energy Performance Standard’ that is about to be ititroduced in the Netherlands can also be attained without much trouble in existing buildings. It would be possible to bring down energy consum tion in homes and public buildings by 50%. This is claimed by Henk fs. emum, technical supervisor with AKZO Nobel, who counts energy savings among his leisure activities. With a mere screwdriver he can save a lot of energy in buildings. ‘A proper tuning of central heating installations easily saves more energy than high-tech solutions’.

95106762 Does the UK Govemment’a target to recycle 26% of houaehold waate by the year 2000 represent an economic appr- oach to recycling? A case study of plastic Singer, J. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Aug. 1995, 14, (2), 133-15s. The UK Government has set a target for the recycling of domestic waste. There are already some regulations in effect that aim to improve the condi- tion of the market, but the market for recycled materials still remains fragmented and inefficient. When private and social costs and benefits are taken into account, the benefits of recycling in certain sectors may not stack in its favour. The paper examines how current policies place incen- tives on the various players in the market for recycled plastics and it queries the effectiveness of the target for recycling of domestic waste. It also discusses the roles of incineration and landfill in this context, and suggests an alternative policy initiative.

95106763 Evaluatlon of scale-formlng tendency and Its appll- catlon to scale system In coal- R

rrvrntlon for ash-water recovering and reuse red power plant

LI, X. Shuichuli Jishy 1995, 21, (l), 52-57. (In Chinese) In this naner the index of CaCO, urecinitation is introduced and its criteria are prdpdsed for evaluation -o<eaCd, scale in ash water lrecovery and reused system. The index can indicate the tendency and the extent of scale formation in unhandled ash water system, and the effect of scale prevent- ing in handled ash water system with scale inhibitors.

95/06764 Implementation of cleaner praductlon In small and medium-sired enterprlsea Gardstrom, T. and Norrthon, P. J. Cleaner Prod., 1994, 2, (3) 201-205. The aim of this article is to analyse whether it is possible for a h external group to act as a catalyst when trying to make small and medium-sized enterprises adopt a cleaner production concept. At Linkoping University, Sweden, nine small and medium-sized enterprises cooperated in a cleaner production project that uses the University and the County Administration as catalysts. The article is based on a survey that evaluated the project.

95106765 Influence of hot tool parameter8 on heat recovery In a apace-heatlng and ventllatlon~ayatem Boiic. M. and Trnobranskv. K. Enerm Oct. 1995. 20. 1101. 1075-1079. A &by has been carried dit on heat &&very from air &it ventilates a hot tool in a tool shop. The recovered heat is used to preheat air for space heating of this tool. Software has been used to analyze the heat-recovery efficiency and thermal comfort (TC) when the size and temperature of the hot tool are varied. An increase in hot tool size of 10% yields n energy loss of up to 2% and temperatures of the tool-shop space t J t are 6% higher than the TC temperature. This energy loss can be avoided if we tune the heat-recovery system (HRS) to reach TC as before. A 10% decrease of hot tool size yields at most 5% in energy saving and a tool-shop-space temperature 6% lower than the TC temperature. Further HRS tuning to provide TC will reduce energy saving. Higher or lower tool temperatures do not appreciably change the energy expenditure.

95106766 Modellng of waste heat recovery by looped water- ln+teel heat plper Akyurt, M. et al., Inr. J. Hear & Fluid Flow, Aug. 1995,16, (4). 263-271. Modelling and simulation of a water-in-steel heat pipe heat recovery sys- tem is undertaken in this paper. The heat recovery system consists of a looped two-phase thermosyphon that received heat from the stack of a gas turbine engine and delivers it to the generator of an NH,-H,O absorption chiller. Variations in the o etry are investigated, an B

erating temperature as well as evaporator geom- the consequences on system effectiveness are

studied. It is concluded that the model for the water-in-steel looped thermosyphon overcomes drawbacks of the water-in-copper thermosyphon, and that the steel system is simpler in design, lower in cost, and more competent in performance.

95106767 Reuse of coal mlnlng wastes In clvll englneerlng - Part 2: Utlllzatlon of mlneatone Skarzynska, K. M. Waste Management, 1995, 15, (2), 83-126. The oldest method of minestone utilization is reclamation of spoil heaps by adapting them to the landscape by afforestation or agricultural manage- ment. The best method is, however, complete removal of the wastes. Hence, for many years research has been carried out to find new ways of minestone utilization to minimize disposal cost and harmful environmental effects. Earth structures offer the best possibilities of minestone utilization. Investigations conducted in recent years in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and also in Poland have led to the use of many tonnes of wastes in the construction of road and railroad banks, river embankments, dykes and dams, tilling of land depressions and open pits, as well as for sea wharfs and land reclamation. Presents descriptions of minestone applications to hydraulic, harbour and road engineering and mine backfilling.

95106766 Thermal The Saaol perspective

proceaalng of unused waste products:

Slaghuis, J. H. et al., Preps. Pap.-Am. Chim. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (l), 87-91. Describes h&w thermal coprocessing wastes with coal can be used to II;;;~: the waste to liquid and gaseous products with no additional toxic

95106769 Vltrlflcatlon. A process for treatment of realdues from the Incineration of donieatlc wastes Finet, C. Tech. Sci. Methodes; Genie V&in-Genie Rural, 1994, (4). 196-198. (In French)

. ,.

The oaoer describes how flv ash from a municioal waste incinerator in Fran&,‘was mixed with ironbxide and coal and he’ated with a plasma torch at 1370C to produce a vitrified material lower in heavy metals and resistant to leaching, B secondary fly ash rich in heavy rdetali, and a small amount of byproducts of incomplete combustion. Scale-up to 60,000 ton/yr capac- ity was discussed, using a 10 MW plasma torch and reactor, a cyclone for separating vitrified material and gas, a pneumatic injection system for fly ash, a fuel injector for coal or gas, and a dry treatment system for the flue gas produced.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts November 1996 477