9. Essentials of Sheet Metal Work and Pattern Drafting 1918

7/21/2019 9. Essentials of Sheet Metal Work and Pattern Drafting 1918

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Essentials of

Shet Metal Work ndPattern Drfting

An Elemetary ad Advaced Course frVocatioal ad Trade Sch Studets

ad ppetices; also for SheetMea Wrkers. rorad Intructrs

.

- '

J .: .

y

JAM 8AUGHERTY-

Istrtor in Shee Me'l Wok. School of ApedInusies. Cme

e nstue ofTeoogy, Pittsbura

FUY USTT

CHICAGO

REDERICKJ.

DRAE & CO.

Publshes


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O 198BYF O


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PREAs o s nswer t n eests infrmation egarding curses in sheet met sitao gde and hg schoos coming from scoo peopho r introcing sheet mea wor int e egacho criculu Reaizing the nee o crreate

curse in prctical sheet meta wor an pattern drtng in text for i is oered therefore to idusieachers tuents prentices sheet eta wore anthers intereste in his sjec

The roems esented olo t ines the esh ethds derived from ears eerience in teachng the suec and s actica sheet eta oer

he corse is otined nd the pems e eseed inch sequence th th ocesses n mchine etionse reviewe it ec new roem

It is not expected tha the oes gven wi etrictl cpied t rather hat the i me ce thethods nd pocees that a e ie in con

trction o simia prolems Th roe seence s

ecessar for successf intrction in shee et atten drating is n imortant featr o is usen the rolems are on part sved ic preents the stent rm coying rom he ex an ces him t eveo is owers t hin as el as t w

It s desired ha the r s egarded s coectin dt esenting te essntis o se metoring the n n tem odc seies

es.ttsurgh nnsyvan

M G

308


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TER

PAGNSJNG A' ML.

CHTER IrNG AN D TL...

CTER IIFOING E AND BIG..... 23

CHT IVFlN, t Id AN G 3

TER

V8:ING TE

D T

WING SS

TER VIING AN UIN ,.

HTER D BING NING AN AING

T

N S


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SHEET METAL WORK ND PERN RAFINGCHAPTER X

GP O A FLING IS. 6

XP IN DVOMN

PT PI NION N JOIS

CH EBWa

CR XRUN N IS 6NX


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SSNA OF SET ETALWOR AND PATTERNRAFHPTER I

EIG P Mhen the student r orn is reuired t me

tices sime in form rom shee met the tern cne mde directy n he met rom given mesurementsIf he is reuied t me n rtice round in frm ithring sie or n rtice hvig n iregulr she i is highy imortt t me usized ring d toeve the tterns Th necessttes oertions ithhe drfting ord nd drwing instruments, which ie ten u ter in this course fer the ptter isdeveoped n deti per, it my e trnsferred t thesheet met d the or of cosructon egun

Mehos / /There re sever methos frnsfer in se, depending on the nure of he mteri

nd the shpe of the ttern F the more expensieeris, such s coper rss n Germ siver, theerns esigns re rsferred to e met ns cron per i the foowng mer

e ron er is i upo he fce of the mteri]ith the fe or gossy surfce ouhig te me hettern is crefuy ce ove he cron pper n

ed i siion y sm eighs then ith hr peni, styus, or inte o rm rce over the ines of therng is give rin of e ttern

9


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3'

-4

.

n

ff

-Smpe ers or empe ros ho ropDreco o u Mes w he Sher


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RASFERING PABN3 MTAL 1

t et. Aft binin d mpn hrbn is my be e on th me by tcin erthe with stel srtch

Anoter mehod of transfe is use o he chemtrs, suc s tn plate, inc, black iron nd nzed iron The process is s foos: P he drawin ppr recty on the mt, thn go ver te utinf the pttern wt shr taperin prick punc, tnit htly wit sml mmer mking sigt indentons n te met he prc ponts of te dw.This methd w be d throuhout this course, n in gene se n th best mmec shops.

The c uc used n ts wrk h be bout oiches long by inch in dmter, the end ben fogedtein shap pnt, s shown in Figure 2 () Amstke oten me by te stuen is to strke te ucoo h wth th mmer, drvng te pont through 'the met This is bad prctice n shou be oied.

Sle Ptte.Th rst ork e stuent ie to drw to u size on pape, the t of sime pttern sh neha sze in Fures 1 nd 2, theno rnse tem to met usin I brih tn, ghalvnized iron not hevie than No 8 guge Thepatterns, r temtes, re transferred t te metl inhe oowng mnner To transer ptten set the

ers 1%" equ o te raius , take sm pecf scp met an scre circe. A mistk is oftee by te begnner by ressing to heiy uon teing dver, cusin a e eession in he ente fhe crce.

Ptterns B C, an smlar forms, are transerrd byrickn trough the pa patterns o e metl. c

he ttern on te metal n poiton t h s ittt of maer s possb, lacing weight n hpe kep it ro movn; ht prick marks rad n the m t corners o th ptten hon


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12 SHT TL W P FTIG

G

-

Fure 2.-pl Patrs, Conud J a Prick unch


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RAFRRI ARS TO AL 1hvy do remove the pape nd w traghtedgend crach l, comlee he atern y decrg econnecg he prc mar on the mea

Pter D E a F, are ranferred to me rcng lhl e curved ole of he pater Ircg curved lne te prc mar old not eplaced oo far aar, hold e place a ho from to paer E fter prcg te oule ofpater, a cratch , o ea pec, ued ora e curve e rough the on o e mealIf e mr ere placed oo far aar

o fromc

o , patern E ad a o , paterH tol e ole o dra the proer crve rouge o a the reut wol e worthle er

Wh taferrg pater G ad o ecaryo prc rod he cc Prc he o ad c,po he mea, e t te dver w te rau ,d a a ece e crce o the eta

Use o Patters-I wo or more ece from aterre dered, do no rc rog e er atter toa each pece Whe oe aern cu from metal houd e ue a aer whehe o or oeece are reure Place e ea ater upo heaera g a crtch , d cre e roundhe ae f he aer arge, wegh hou be

ae o o kee t from mov, u f te ttern a e wegh no eceary, a the ate ca behed n oto wth he ger of he ef hand wng he crch w h h h


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CUTING AD EMPLES

Hand eheet tal pattes are ut etl ans of shears or snips of vous shapes an h eneral use o lt ok kow e saht hand shears o snip having eft-ht e leth o he ommol ing inches

n ustain of w show Fie 3 Thi we ken te rht and hs te lower l

ge Oigi tight Spgre 4Lyon p

n he left sid f he shas nd cu a e left si th uppr jw Th position of e w nes heheet metl worer to ollo h utn lin urey it is was in fu vie

nthr straight ear kow as Lyon pattern show in Figure 4 i wll adated fo la workThe jaw re poited and ounded peitig th etao pas freey when cutting cures scros an circs

ircular snips show i Figure 5 are wel adaptdfor cttig sa circes nd openigs of various shapen sheet meta The popular siz has a ength of cut o inchs

ench shears how gure 6 is used for ut heavy ateria This too is muh larger than h

4


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ML da ad h ch h h h pla 7 or a hol o h pop c ppo Th ar ha a hhand c wh h low

lad hh d o h har. No h drc

Jre t.-189 Oginal Crculr Sp.

ur 6-Bch hr

D

D D gure 7-Bc at o dig Sks

poo o h pp l hadhar 3 h h ad c a

6Th dol c ha, how 8, adapd o c o o and pip oomo pail ca c A hol ipchd icl o c d h poi o h lowr lad d wchh c do n h la man la hd l and moo

S S.Tnn cn mchn 9 hw a mod a ha wch i cod c c p a


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6 T MT WOK D TTRN DRTNG

and mkn lon rah c cros hees o meawhen hern maerl or he consrcon o pipe ale clndricl n orm

Fiue .Doe ig es wi m imd wi

e ied o e Od e be

G

ge oo owe g es

he rs o no rspon n cin eril oheaer s iin he rae cpciis ced e


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SH E WO N PERN DRN

manne, ut the metal t quae b folowng theotted lnes a and b afte h te ls ae ut n teusal manne ; ae bg exesed n avng eah euate and tue.

Wen uttng ves, the t houd be ntnuos.Sot ut sod neve be ma ; stong, nd statngagan at dnt onts on e ne wl esut n annven atten wt og eds ontanng sve anojtions tat w t te ands wle ong whe meta. When uttng pattns nd C Fgue

x

re rcn f u Shw y row.

nd smla fos stat o u a t on of te atn, uttn n te deton of aow ab, be.

When uttng onave and onvex uves, shown nte outne of atten Fgu ,use th tg

he, stang at and ut n the deon of ows aown n te dawng

Pattn E s sown n e Statng a ontnuos ut fom a to b hen ang te sheas aont x on te atten ut fom x to omlete thatten b uttng n te ooste deon fom x o b.

When uttng atten as hown n gue 2 thutng shod begn at , ten to b ten to c ten stat


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UTTG PTTR AD MPTES ng at x the lavs shou b ut n the eton o thows A ontnuous ut oul be mae fom x to x

/ut n nng the sha at onts d an e the meta k to e ton an e atten uned. Te ua

ha as shown n Fgue an be used to dantag uttng t all ves n atten E an F

The smal le n the ent of atten Fgue \ t out b usng hoow unh s shown n he meta ae uon a ad o ooe bo.

t

) )

' t bFgur 2-s Method o C

tng ndced y ArwsFgu -Hoow uch

un of the que sze laed uon t le ntk wth a hav mat o hae If t e oe mans n the unh t an b mov b stkn

he unh lght wth he hamme. Holow unhes ade n vaous ses.

When an onng s to be ut n a e of lgt meta at n attn Fgue 2 le the mtal uon o of ea tn b sng hoow un o smal thnhs, ut a ho n t ta age nogh to nst thont of the ow bae of the ua shas n th

enng ; then ut along te ln n th dtn o thow Th out le s ut sua mannewhh ots t attn


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0 H T O N TEN TING

Cttg bo Patters.- uttg elbow paerns or sar forms sown n H Fgure 2 htrgt uts b to c c to to e are made wt tetrat sns o uon te sqar sers Te uer

ur of te attrn t b usng te stragt seastartng at e an makng on ontnuous ut enng at bn usn t an sers a mstake s oten a b

ure 4Noche ers, he he th Noch stunt n ttng eond t J on ownn te atr Ts an be aode b alwas mletg te t wt te ot f te sears n uttng

fro a to b Fgure

,te e of te sers oul be

uon ont b wn mkng te nal t Tent of te srs s lso used n notn atens asown n and Fgr n uttng out tsae on of aterns e end of te sers blaesd e eten bond t ont m n te ttern

Hts on the Cae a se o Han Sheas-Te fol

lowng sustons are oerd on te use nd re o

teand sears and sold be foloed arefu b te

stent or workan


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TN PRNS AD ES hen sng the shea he bae shoud be hed n a

tl poso akng stagt p ad own utse twst he sheas sewe whe uttng as ths

uss the benng of te dge of the meta leavng abre ege whh qus adtona wok attnng t out wth a at on a stake o ve pate

Ke te sa sha b o ot gnd too e aned

T bo an nut jot sou be oed feqt a

_

_

___

-h

"j

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(

%

ige 1 n nd ein n S.

t nut dusted so te sheas w wok eas at ms

ev us te uttg edgs of sheas fo uttng weut aws us stad te utt es w ade fo ts pupos

Sq Sts tlI pa sts of tnfo oog uoss ad ostut vaous st tates w ue te sheets to be pfety sua


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exly e e 7 w h g Fi of h sho Fi15, w t h owr cu

k


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CHAPTER I

FOLDING DGS AND SEAMING

Oe of th most mpotat poesses i sht meworg is that of samig Sams of varios ks aruse, epeing o th strai to be esisted a th equp-

6 90An J, Stops h

or

L I

pe

n

orWire Lock

Fldi9 WedgScrw

W

Gradute

ufb H Wh

C

h

oe

,Bar

Hndre

c ,

Soe 5 rew

IOto120AjutableSop

Fgure 6.-Bar Foldig Machine.

mn on h for costructg them. The mahe geera se for beg th eges of shet ta foseig s kow as the ajstabe ba fo as show

i Fge 16 The foowig eges a sas ae extenvely s i lght sht ma wok:

23 t


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4 SHET META R AN ATTEN DRAFTNG

e ge- ege, as shown n gue , suse n onstutng seams an hemmng he eges oeet meta n fomng ts ege n the foe set thegauge to te eque wth, hen nset te mea n te

mahne ong t ml aanst the guge wth te eftan Gas te ane wt the ht han n bng

//

Fg Sg Edg Fod Sh Mt

Fig ob Hmd Edg

he fng ba ove nt t ests on to of te mahneTe ane of te mane s now bogt to ts fomeoson an e mea emove fom the mahne, omeng the oeton

Doble ge -The oube ok sown n gue whe se n etan wok s most ommon utze otengten seet met oms Wen use fo ths ose t s known as a obe eme ee Ts e s


23/190

FLDN EDGES ND SEMN fomed n he fode n the ame manne as the ngege. Afte te atte s fomed the heet s tuned oehen he snge edge s laed n the ahne aganst hegage nd the oeaon eeated

ire ge.-t s often neesa to ease thetength of ates me fom sheet metal b nlosng ae n etan of the eges Te ees fo ts upse mus be unded as sown n gue fo

o

Fe 19We dge Open nd ed

an open o ound o fo wn set the gauge on hfoe equal n wdth to two nd oef tmes thdamete of te we to be us Usng te wnh looseth o ew to te ght on the a of the mahnean movng ths sew to the ght o left n the othe wg s se o owee n astng the mahnewe the wng equa n wth to the damete o we toe use faste te o sews m hn tn the een te usa mne

n gue 20 s shown the oda aea as use n the onstuton of m que s one mtes t. Ths sem s ll


24/190

ST MT WR AN AERN RAFNG oldeed o eted. When thn metal ued and theam t be olded, llow fom " o " fo lang

Foe eam.- makng th eam nge edge d o h metl nd the edge ae hooked togthe

,,r,

r 2rar a eams

II

III

III

II I

(

Fr 21Fded Sea, Ci w Sne des Hee.

hown n Fgue te they ae ammeeown wth woode mallet Seam that e allted

don mooth e toge and eae to olde than when uneen. Sam of th nd ae ued n layng a eamtn and oe oog


25/190

IN EES AN SMN rooed Seam- ht matera the roove eam

the uveray ue metho o jo the ee oheet me Th ea requety ue jo twoat heet o mta ak otua eam roua quare pe a vrtc se ea heet etaartce hav a r or crca urce A u-rato o ts e shw the cotructo ee r Whe jo two a pece o mel by

, .

)

Q

c '

m

p

ige 22-oov Se, Showg Constcton

h eho set the gue o te o ace to twth o the ee requr a tur s e othe het a how at Ho te ees tetr shown at B the ea a o e hor o te roovmhe Fure 3 The ro ru over the eamethwe comet te ea ow at C Wthe roov whee ru over e ea a oet s the upper hee e at m whc revet e e roomg art e eam s c o


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SHET E W ND PN DRTNGmanre take pou t w a wooe maet cot ow an eavg te em g a moot

llwane o Grooved e mout o matero e ae to te ptter or mg a groove eam

from lg eet eta ee upo te wt o t

n

cn

ge 3-vg he Sh H

ge ege ture o te oer a ow Fre 7ree tme te wt o te ge ee mst be t

te er e se e as sow t C Fr a our tckees o me t , te ees d jo t m e seet d a ege c s a obe ee as ow t a b sows tnecesst o kg aowce eql o tree tes temeo a or wt o e ee r a rov eWe e t pte a me r No 4

gauge o aowace e or te toc k b tee n 0 a C Fure .Wre ever ter s se ccrc


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DIN DS AND S requre the actua amout o atral take up y thee ut e ae he tuet ca etere thamout y mak a tet ea the olow maer :Take trp o meta x che lo Ater cutg tto two part tur a ee o each pece Groove team a coe t ow wth a wooe maet Te ea-ure the eth o the rp accuratey a the erecetwee th meo a the eth o the pece eoream wl the amont o matera o e ae orthe em


28/190

APT VM GG EIG MP

chpter treat of te varou procee ue e onructon o couctor ppe, tove pe, uracepe, ar uc Atho wor o th cheue u corucon an eat a veaem the oow wl apl we to orm aneam het mel rtcle clrcal orm, werete otun eam mae w the uual oovee

Wen contructn pe n cler he tuenmu r n he crcumerece mult hmeer 3146, n to th meon the amoun materal ecer for m the roove eam a

own n Fure Th wll ve the exac le ocu he materalCstut Sht Mtl Pp e coruct

ppe a allowace hou e mae or the thce ometal ue Th ecear o perm the mal en ohe jo to t ul no te are en o te aonjo o pe The uual meto to cu the ml e

o the jot

e n crcumerece thn the lare ewhe u t ae a ht ro up o No 6 aue

or No 4 to No 0 aue Te et ractce to ae a erece o eve me te thce o thee ewee e lare a mall e o e

!

Wen mn pe cutomar to pace he heeo me on ech eh the quar hears Fure)

The et the rot aue ac rom he cut

lae o he ear hav he le e o te aue equao te eth o the lare e o the pe a te rt

0


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OI OOVI I A CIMI 81

n qu o th gth of th a e he he ea hen ae ewee he hr b tu hou exe h nr n pre ow uponhe o he he wh ho t ry g h

ug h cu th jt Notch o corr o tema Th tc w w ch th a ntr he ppe ore up

tr th ht hv b cut th j r ceh th n c Fur 16 t t otch

a ormingRoftThumbscnw

UrGipngRol T. ..

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Gea

Fram'

t

G

r

O

V

e

5

m

g

L F

Grip

H

i

r

e

iure 2rmi Maine wi Sid uis

t th rgt th ch th g g urne ho Fure 17

orn Cylnder- t t th ctructon he ppe o form t to h th rmmchn Fure 4 5 Th mch ay juy an o th jutg cr o ch of hemch t ro c b r formg y ere

z o cer The upper ro ro lghy ro w th ee o h h o p twn wthut cog ck h hee wth t o


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8 SHT METAL WOK AD PATTR DRFTING

dg o heuder ide s isertd he achi jus faough toallow the fro rolls to grip the dge a howni , Figur 26 The holdig the hadl o the machi

,

Fre 25.-rig Machie, SUp ll Pattrn.

qppe Rt/

Low l

Figure 26-sertig the Shet Btwee th olls of a FoigMchin, rm a Cylinde.

ry to keep the sheet i this ositio, rise te sheet tte dott posito ak a siht be t c. Thi

ed eabes te seet to pass siy over te rar roll,gvg it therequre curv as so Fre 27.The ustet is mae y raisi or oweri th ra


31/190

ORMI OOVI BIG A CIMP l l th equred damte otane ylnda a goove m ho e om a ss

g Posn o Shee Wen Cylne ely Frme.

diamr h ll allow dge oo ightlogt whl eing groove

GG MHavng forme h pp properly w o

the gooing operaon, which an b prform ry han wt te and groover (Fgu 28 an mal

igre 8Hn Gve

ov a mandre e (Figure 29 or uon groovinmachn (Fgur 0)

Opetng the Grooving ahine- t g oth pe ha bn hooe ogthe a hon n , Fgur

th ront latch he machin rad and h in-dr nrted or the grooing horn th end of cnde retng agan the loer adjutble o hc


32/190

SH ML WOK PTT FI

z

+

ge 2.Be Ske

w e Ske; Me ke b Senke, w F ed B , d Ske e Ke F ed (See Fge 3 .)

G v

djustin a

e 0.v Mh


33/190

FORM ROV BEI CRMP 3

revens h work rom sipng. h traveling carriags then rough orwar, aon he grooin ro o ove the seam lengthwise, coeting the sem as shownn Figure 31 he carrage s returne o the staring pont y mens o a hanle. has two ros, one or

groovng, and on or atenn the seam a h samoeraton

Countersunk Groove Sea seam is usd etnve onstrucon o stov e, urnce e

. igre 3 .-Pipe eam ooe Figre 32- ea roove Togeher ad roQed. ide Pip ; ve Homof Grooving Machie an other shet meta rticles. hs metho o groovnplaces he sam on he nse, leaving an unroen sur

ace on he outsie o the article, a shown n Fgur32When making his sam on th iroe grooin

machine (Figure 30 roe the grooing whe rom thraeling carriage, loosen te set sre thn turn threversile groong horn, rngng ur one o throovs which is an into t horn s shon n b

Figure 32 he cyliner is ace on the grooing horith the oce ges irectl oer te ln grooe.he tlng carriag containing the at ro s rough


34/190

:6 ST MT WOK A T AFTIG

orar hich r h am ino he grove and homl oraon

Groov Ss y he ornar ma groov-ng machne hon in Fgure 23 ud fo aming tn-are furnac an aric mae from lig emal r a ma am can moy o aanage.In ma o no ui a groovngmacn h i ruird o am arce mae frombac an gaanizd ron y had arice to boo ac on e hoo manr (Figre 2 9 ) or oi mnre a. e ege ar hood ighly

og for ir enre lngh. e hand groong toolFigure i ac agan dg of h am andruc h a oon mae (Fiure 33 In hi a

Fie .Tinne' ikr Me

he am groo a one en for rl nch. hohr n i n groovd n h ame annr afr hch r am grooved by rng he and groov

ih h mat hi movng i along h am are be an ha he groovr o no cu or ar hemea on hr i of he am. e am i comey ang i on clo ih h oon mae.

BDING ND IING

conrucng aric cynrca n fom rom ghh meal he are uuay rnforc y ng beader g uo the baing machn hon n Figur4 Whn makng cyner o pe of large dame


35/190

ORMING ROV, EAIN AND CRIMPIG 87

Cr k

f=

wf:

ee e Rs

St or ud

_.-"; 5

Large Q.aa

igure 34.Beading Machn

ank c

w S =

Gg(e Bfol

t g

Trip

C feL

Bad lI

I B dip e a

R sFigre 35-Light Beadi ahie


36/190

HT MTL O TT FIGer, serl ba are usuall lae lose ogher nearh n of t liner hi ten o renthen tho eig t roun i form

h aing mahie s furnihed ih eeral e o

roll onising of te sinle bead oee bea rl bea,n th tril o o ba roll e sinle n oead rols re gnera used n beading th en of ieand lare liner mae from sht on. he trilead an o o bea rolls are ud n ang arile tnare boh roun and arng form. When ma

Fgr 3.-eg Cylnr. Fgre rmng ahne

n i of rou izs a nle or oe a s uullmae on he sll end of he ie hi ba ere totn th ie and ai n ing the ie rahhen riin he joins togeher

Optn th Bd hn- n e

e auge mo ba aout 1 nh or 2 ne fom beaing roll an fasn men of th rs.he all n of t e i n n n eroll ih n rsin agans he au rollse o rs toger mns of th han sr onto of ahine. he i s l n a orzonl os-ion h lf han hle te ain is bin unedh he ri he lar en of e e sou balloe to as al throu he n hi bneold n the mane an arhoul be taen tha


37/190

FOMI OOI I CIMIG he ma end of he ppe agan he age a al medrng he operao A msae ofen made hen o deres he pe ro oo mch f h done hre s grea dnger of cung hrogh he ae

a. he beg process s cear hon n Fgre 36 Cn fe he pe has been bede he e s o ra he sal end h he mal ohe mande ae or crm he edge abo nch

Fiur 38-ai L ie Join Showi rimd de.

dh on he cmpg mache hon n Fge 37 h

oeraon conracs he edge of he ppe o h ener he e jo easl a on n Fgre 38 Thusro ho a pan la jon avng a lap of bou2 hes and can e ehe vee o ldeed, o oh aeq


38/190

TER V

The procs of soldrg consis of wldn ohepice of mtal y mans of anohr al of lower mln pont of odrn may e tan o man thenitn of pic of ma wi fie aloy of tin dad

he opation of olrin which don by inoldn cop for aln h heat h soldr m fu o h pcs hc ar bn joind This on y rang the mrature of the older nd hart o be ldrd o th fusn poin Th olr sapld and sad n holg a ho olring coprn conac with th am ntil a corrc fusing tmpra

re has ben attand wth the rsul ha th mtals ogethr n to one hoono m main pr-fc jon a vr oin

Th asolte nci of hain the par o be ol-rd and rasing hm to th corc fusng mratran not b oo strongl mhaszd.

Whn olrng o ces of mta ogth pfc ond canno e ma nlss ox o oh jont, and u us be us o rnt oxdatonhl th solng oaon is gong on h ba oall good uxs s znc chlod. Man sh mal orrs prare r own x b

cutng" znc n atc ac. hs s dn uttncs o znc nto a ottl o murtc acd ntil th acos oling nd uls cas to rs. Th c aw znc lrang hog dung th rocsss con connus ntl acd s cu" or illd

0


39/190

OI othe or ut all the hydroge the ad haeen gve al he c t eat. What left n heole o loge muratc acd ut o a chlordef znc

uratc acd the commera name for ydrochlorac and oftn ued n t a tate a a fo older-ng galnzed ro a zc.

hlore of znc, o lle c," ue a a hen lerg clean galvanzed ron znc, cope anra Whe he materl t be oldered plateht oe, or le on ued a a ux an he

meltng ha a tenency to penetrae no the loc or eam.There ae eea d f olern lt nd noncoro-ve uxe on te are hat are beng ued th oodeult y e eet mea rae. oo rong ux llo harm to the or an to the olerng tool. Whaeeux loyed houl be dlue th ae to the eat conon for the or hand.

.Praccally all oer e y the heet metalorer are combaton of t an ea. he qualy ofhe oe mut not be oerlood. ode hould be urhaed from a relae dealer ho l furnh goodrtcle hang he correct proporton of lead an tnhe oler genrally ue comoed of half tn and halfead ommonly called halfanalf. It melt at aou70 eree Fahrenhe bee ong oe one

hang more retance to tre cmoed o 60 eret tn and 40 per cet ea. It mel a about 340egree F. The latte the bet poble' combaoh he objecon hee, that t very coty

S .Furnace heatn oerngoper are mae o urn aone ga l and chrcoaThe re pot ho n Fure 9 el aated o

urnng chrco. Ga furnace a hon n Fur40, 41, are mot generaly ue he greaet pont ouperorty en n the contnuou uly of fuel.


40/190

4 SHT TL WO AN PATTE AFTIG

igure 89.-Cast Iron Firepo

gure 40-S1ng}e Burner Ga Furace

Fige 1 .be ne s urae


41/190

SERING 43

SO Soldrng copper o deren e, uale or der

n nd o wor (Fure 424 houd e ncluded

n every hop equipmen, and can e oained n varouwegh mall copper hould no e ued on heavy wor,

canno contain enouh hea t llow he older o ow

iue 42.-Sque Pi Sdei ppe

ue 4- p

iue 44.Bm ppe

iue 4 Cppe

and wea ino he join a hould. When he malcopper aled o he meal it ecoes cool uc,h he resul tha the worman wastes much me ntrng to eep the coer hot or n olern wh rela

tvel cold coer hch ean oor wor Ater elecng coer o utale weht or the wor a han thenex pon to consder the reured hape


42/190

44 SHT MT WORK A TT FTIG

orgng and Tnng Coppersoldin cor rford to an dird h lcing th cor n thfnac an hating it to dark chrr color h dond cal rmovd man of a coa th cop thn orgd to th rrd h n annvil or lock

e 46 dn p e ed VaS pp

b as av c f v as t a aa T nali a c cs tt mal to a a ca o c ot in t a b a s c s in Fir 46 a orgd to a ointd h t s w aat s-ng as ta a bc aga gs bm


43/190

OI opp sow n Fg 46 ( s wgshap omd s sd o sodg boom sams o s maacs o sd

Fo sog a sas, cos sapd sown Fg a bs aa, bg sca sab osodg aa oog, ad sod wg o 6 o0 os a

n nt C.W ng odos sod b a d bg on oss o g a abo % c om pon sgvs a bg soo sac, a o g

os a aga lac ac ad dsc o sd o o cop s bb g o a sa boc o sa amoacwch cas sac A sa oo o sod sow md po sal ammoac ad b g b-bng co back d o o sod ad saammoac, wll co ad a o s.

Sog cops ca b w os sad osa ammoac s s sal do b acg a c oso a som osn o a boa o so bc o s sal ma ad s oogh o ml ol s nx ad bbd on sod ad os tl h sod ads o co-p s od o g s ga sd whn

sog a os s bg s as a xKg t o o t o bg ad cla a ms s o tal moac Nv alow oxd oscal o om o os, fo co o s almos aocodco o ha a oxdzd soldg cogvs ts a so ool as o paccal slss a scal b aod o o on o, as o acass os tobl solg A cop av ma goo coo s ovhad Wa cop s alowd o bco d ho s slss so l as b


44/190

6 EET METAL WORK AND PATERN RFTGppng Solut.When uig charcol, gsoie, or

gs for heatig, h oi f the per becs disclred sig a earthe frui jr mix souio cmosedf

2ouce of wdered sa ammoic ad oe quart of

er After he sl mc has ee isoved hesu s rey fr use The oin f he heed oer we tke from he furce is dipe icky iths soon Ths faciiaes te seig oerio bkg he ined sfce bight ad ce

TOS O SOR

Se l eas." n ure 4 is sh hmehod f derig s ag -ch t %ih

Fge -Meto o olerng Ft Sem.

a In ths cs wo peces of glzed iro aout 2Yby 8 iches are sed as shown by a a Muratc ci

is emoyed s e ux nd cr mus be ke ha theu s owed o er e sem the wh of h p d


45/190

OLDERING 47

mer sd e edg e sea wthullwin e acd enetrate Te seam s nw tacked\t solder as shown at x. The sea s ten sldered isr length b placin the copper drect un te

ea and soldern frm tack t tack, be carefuwas aow the soder t col efore soderng frmn tack anter. In placn the cer drecl une seam as sown t c, Fure 47, te slde is drawnto t sam its fu widt, sakng rugh asw a .

Fat-lcked sams a sdered same ma,

lcing te cer drectl up he seam as sn

c

d

Figue 48.-Solderi latokd Seams ; an mprope Method ofPacing the Cppe s Shown a e.

a, Fure 48 Havn apped the ux prperl, t

eted copper draws te solder t te sea fus harius meta and ag copat as as sown 'b

An rer way of lacng te cpper n te seam issow a c; te solderin cpper c, restin n e ed te seam alows but ittle soder t swet nt te jnts hown a d, resu a pory soldered seam

Wen sde a roved sea te nside see

meta articles a stae is ten made y workn andstudents i placin te cpper n te se in te onhwn a e, Fure 48. When lced n is psiti

,

.


46/190

E METL WK AND TTERN Nthe or s he n the wrog sde f he sea awgth soder way frm, sted of nt the sem he ce shod e hd decty the sem, heatg thooghy and dwg the solder to the ont

oldering Vertial .Ught seams rofashg, coce gttes, d other work, whether ped cke, e ore dct t se han semshe ry aed vetc sem" s show a Fgr6 Whe rht seams ae to e sldeed, o attrwha mea s sed, the sodeg coper shold e forgedwedgeshae, eg abt ch wde ad nch tc

at the ot whe copee The ed d top sde oye tnned as show by the shded orto n Fge46

When the ed d uper fae oy are tned, thesolde cn be esly cooled when e to th seI he fur sdes of the coper wee ted, mch of thsoer wold t the de sde way ro thsem, d st wse of tme ad ma

Whe sdeg vec ses, the hle st bl ghr than he coppe t llow the soler to oowd ut the ree mot hs e seedto he se ad sweed to he ot Ths s oe og the coppe t he ht d eft on he semhtg t hoohly ad wg the soder to hsea as show t Fe 47

ar kWh sodg old work ad repashet met tles, the se st e ee fom o y sbsce whh wl peet te sole oadh to he e The pats to be odee s bde ercly bt b sp or lg. Scrpg the best meho a s s oe b s f a kle or te 's spe how Fue 49 R

less of wht mho s te sce t e laead mae pel bht o ood sol ot bdone Wh sode ol twe afer the e h


47/190

SOERING

een scre us chorie f i r e ci iste osin

Se ec en a sesrmes n i tt sems f nrn ther s wor a te nch, he r s fte is

e 9b S

y he ho cpe unn th ech n ei r sot o t sce o the hin vcme y s iece of la she ir ic r male slab po whh he wor o e sre ce The gs o mable sb shou e 2 i hi It a e easily leae a lso seres ee t ile soei

U

A oo equiet or soleri is show i Fig s iles a gs ae a p ar for i solto smll blo of sl amoa poite

soleg oppes a mable slb 4 ihes sqre y3h i We solg s s e slershol be appe to te oppe ist o ety tthe wo A bar of soler s p o beh oe beg raise by es t o e ee o te arblsla or y pg some sall tol it Te e ofhe br f soler is toe wth te pot o e opper

a if it hs bee popey e a sl pto of teole wl melt a ere to the oppe w is thepplie to te parts to be sole


48/190

SHEET E R AND PATTERN DRAFTING


49/190

SOR

SRPG ORNAMENT AND PAERN

en constucting etils ckts lettes guesan onamets made fom sheet metal the pts a

usualy joid y the metho of stippig. he neexeise i solig ill be to stip th piees ut fomattns a Figues 2 in ich th stuenains pactie in oleig ok of this ki Usiht galvaniz ion as th matial st the gauge on thuai shs (Fiue 9) an cut stps nch inidth an eua n lngth to the iumfene of th

s havg them pefetly suae on the e. Thtps a n fome into a cie on th fomingache Figues 24, 25) n th same ane as anypipe cyline The pat o fae of th onmens the plac on the mal slb The ccua stpsa paed ietly on top of th pattens ush ith toute ege a ae so on the nsi. A mstak

oft me by the stut s to ap the stip ou thoute eg of the patte Wn ts is one th onamet hen iee fom th ot il so th ege oth stp

Whe soeing ok of this n hol the stip position it the lft h ; u the ot ith a lttlutic aci t t a s op f oe fthe of he b to the s ih a po oppeting it bout an h apt its eti egth fthih sle e se bet tas as ese in tnstutos fo solng t seams


50/190

CAPER

UBL H G

n iure 5 re sow seerl cke cuers of vious os e o br i see Figure 1 Tup e o e boy es o e le re rer y ouble he hese sple rcles cn beme o srp el e sps o e bo re cu

i wie eul i leh o e crumeree

g k of att 1 e pes B C E ure To is engic s e or l sem were e es re oie

x Ck Cttr- ure 52 rso p e sie view pern o e egoshpe cer C Fure 1 To e leh of erl ru s e iviers u o e l o osie s 2 in e ln. Sr oe e o e mesrip e le o se y spi wih eives i lih ipessio o l ec

po. Les rw hrou hese pois cross e srs sow 123456 will k e orers where


51/190

EleYQfon

r

18

L

C

Pla

B

c

J

tN"

I f.

1t

f

-

I .8.

-'- L

-,

=- 1

J

I A I . 1 I

I 2 : 4 . 6 X

1 - .

Figue 52.-Plan, Side View nd Pattern o HexagonShapd Cak Cuter


52/190

SHET T WRK A PTTRN RAFTGe mal s bnt wn ome nto sape ; nc ad fo lap sem, as sown at x Te is notce%nch on the uper cornr Thi s oe to llow or an ouble e hih be tne on the upp

Fg ch tak

ah Sak 2 and Md Stak wh S eang Stae 5 d ae Stae 6 Sqae Stake.

e f e strp The tern or te an is 1nc wi an eu in lent to d n th elevtionNot th orns o te nl s son Tn

et the u on the on mhin i 6 ncn trn a oub on eh e o te he he ee o t bo.


53/190

DBE HMME E

e p wll e t form t hale a b ba le ca ak w Fg 3 Pace he mta rp t te beg le o he eg e

)

7gu ech ae ued).

1 ue ea ake ; 2 eag ake wh H pphs quae ake ; Hache ake ; ake ; 6 ahu ake ; ee dge quae ake ; ud ea ake. ee gue 29.)

a e f he stae he e the eta to the reuragle as show b te teate B c crer bet th same maer a shu te teple accuratel


54/190

6 SHET ET WR AND PTTERN DRFTINGwhen cmee hn s fome b makn ae ben n lns an c paten D ce et b sln he sam at h cne an s

e he to he ppe e b n he son shon at mn n an BThe cte B E a foe


55/190

DB HD D

a ann ve h vaous kes a n Thllwg kes ubl his use : Hc cnuc blwh k cnl ol bkhn k Fgu 29 3 4

Ths ks u u

s n

sn h bnc b nsing h qua nk n e hle cu bnc huo b hving a c bnc l n h bc own Figu T bnc a b bne n i an na i ls o hlng ke bnc c

Fgu w a lli a wk bnc w bnc l ins n Th bnc i 316ee ' n i wi a sel nnah hlng keswe in us Ths a g ngeen o a solo un c wk b d bnc a m


56/190

CHAE

WIIG PE

n conrctig work de of ti-t d ligh gugetl eerl ethod re sed to rfore he o ofhe rtce to kee it he d to wthtnd roguge For ver l rices h i done by rning ingle or oble he on the edge of the etl, s r

gure 6.-Shee Me C eho veg ro o ho Ee

ioly decrbed e heet el rtce re ofensened by hg bnd iron rieed to the op edge show in Fgre 56

The ethod ot coony u

d o ncree hsrengh of rg d trigh rtcle i o loe

re or ron rod of itble ze in cetn of ter edgehe wire n be id in by hd or b of the wringchne hown in Figre 57

llowane for Wrng or to kow thex ot o be dded o e egt o te ptter for

the tke- of e ire. Te o y dde f0h oertion i eql i wdth o wo nd oehlf ie


57/190

WRN PR

e eer o e wire Ante meto s o llwreeouts o e circumerenc e we

Wen usng n lte n lgh se meal s cusor o e no ownce for e hcess o metl but in irng ev lte n llwnce us bme o te thicness o e ea use Te ou ter or covering e wie will vr ccoing

p U

U p QFrg a u lm9

- R'o t

.

1

Adjust

W Fgue 57Wn hnee ticness of he etl n the size o the wre o benclose n s oun b the oowing rue

A twi th mtr of wr to for tim th thk of mt

n exle suos n cnsructng n froshee ron nch tc te op s to e reinorce inclosng nc ro ten te oun o be e tohe ne eg wing wll be ! X2 lus fX4 equls 1 inc

Te os ccure n rcc meo o eernete llownce or wring s to te nrro st ofmel n ben cosel oun the wre wth he sTs wll gve the exc oun o mterl requie

In wng rtcles e rom n le Nos. 8 2


58/190

ST R ND RN DRTING1 a r comml T amo o maa o alo o nclng abov o w w ng a, an w g b un n g macn a gv

t oowng abl 14, Alloanc \ e Ga o Fo 13, " " " o 12, "o 1, " " "

iring pern wrng ace cnrica om havng rag ses c as can, anks an

Fgue Bsu ut W n op ge

cs o na t r clos t ee o

mal wle a h bor bn orm noa ollong oblm s ven to monstrate wn oerton an t to use n la ouater or work o kn

n Fu 58 son a bsct cuter Ths al atl ma rom bgh n avg a No 14on w see t o e T seam n h bo

ae a sole T an s ou emm onh es. T meio o t cue a te atern bo an anl ar o n iure 59. Te


59/190

.

EeYQtio

D

-

I 2-'

c

(

r

/

A

\

h

.

3'1 C

1J . I

k

L

8

J

.

1

l'

=

=

L

r

---

Plan_

-

4

2

Figur 59.-Planand PatternsforBsctCute


60/190

2 SHEE E D E DFpatr A for th bod is ut 8% ies log by inchs wid. Tod th lgthofth ttr, muli th diamter 2 ihs by 31416=8 is ; o thaou inch forthelap seam The eigt of cut-ris 1% inhswhn compled ; othisdimesion ad-inch, the lowane equied for inlosig a No. 14wir ; th 1%+=1"\ inchs, is thwid of patter he ich lap inoted %-inch athe uppe ore oallow fo ui te wir g

op o o o wir s ow tu o

"

o

Fge 60Seco ew Wg Mch

o as sow at a ice o wire u g b in ater A is li r t e a t aos ov t wir fo about o fro t .is is o wi e ov or o t sta of t wiri ai

Wirin Min Fiue 60 is sow stiliew o e wiri i us to oee e oratio i t wo i a oiz oio


61/190

WRN PROCESS 6 w l wt w d ld nt C bn dw t adadjt n t cd a t ll l w wk t t t l l ml ttd cll te we

F 6 t w t lltat, a l w t cn n pp pt

re 6-Wrg Mche pero

e ns f te ls hl l wen w etl t coe b ll te wk tl s t t l

net te n e cntctn f t ctt m t b n t fmn l (Fe 2 25 ) wre e s lc n ne the ooe ct t nf te lls fo th se, te b s t dt clne w ld e b dlewee t n t

Bfe nsetn t wok n t n cce te wk n h cnct tk e 29) ndltl ce bt ens f t we b tkn t llwt let h enbe the work s el ete bck t fn c

Pttn B 59) f th nd s m te l mne ft wc th nd f e we b nd tet n t ded


62/190

SHET ET D E DRFTINvng t lap n t insd T andl is sldd tp t psti sw in C and , g 59

n ng clinds in vy sa diats adom i a tal o o attpt t c

o diat b passg t wrk nc t tlls f gdall passig tr va

n wirig vr av ma own t st ta is gt n nt ng cin aking it mo o dg

re 62ero Wr e b H

w n e der t wring peratn is perfrdb and as llw :t rkin t wi alwanc n tal b

ns t divides cratc awl la t st wtt cibd lin dictl vr t d f t bnc os ter stat d Ta a and bnd ttal t an ang f 90 as swn at r 62 T

e vr n te bnc and ans f t alletbin ed t t ps o T wr ist laid undr t e n el nt cls


63/190

I

rUocI

Z

"

n Counterbalc

We

i h

t

Fof9 l rFourth Achmn

A

} Sp

6k

. C'"mp Bar.

.

0

Bendig Le

Figure 63.-Con1ce BrakeFot Td

L


64/190

SHET MET N PTN FTNG

ve te e as so at c Te oetn s opet ng te ok t te ae (g5 te sa ae Te t ae bed Fg

(

64obo rke Foer

an aso b made c bake (Fgs 6, 65 n t g pe compete desabv


65/190

t

o

i

u

P

Z

.

.

\\

a

H

U

UPER JAW

0

BEDIG LF

RONT

Fiue 65.-hicago Stl Cornice Brake.


66/190

HPT IHIG A G

er exerene see el woke esas heorne of ntn ern roer for wn

en eal attenton sol be en b te sten o s he wok n ea cae ho beaken a he cornes are notce n sc mane ta

Fur h t Cup othd n Burd

wen e wok s oe n see e noche coers wll snl oethe wtho oerln o lea n oenn exosn e wire e en of e se

In onn se el rles n e o of clner hin we in in te o ee n oer en nose w boo o e tera e se e s oo e of ern sbe noe for wrn n en n nne awn ne e rte w s n erane

W w e for a n o e non an

brrn oses e n of et el shown re . e n robe ien in 8


67/190

OTHN N BRG

ae seres a e ae ollwn Ts cs are mad n deren szes an o arios poses

Te mod o consrcon and pans or e cp

ae sown n Fre

7n wc e scional iew a sos conscon A No 12 we s nclosed

e o e a kk e boom sinl d a mis sed over bod and soered on nse Tparn 0 or bod s a recanla c o bn, eqal n len e ccmerence e osown a A To s enson is ae an aownce oa inc rooved seam Te o aern is a oe e us e nc aloanc or a No 1 we

Notng Patteravn c e maera e requird se n sp s o noc aen or wr-in and san as sown b e saded coners in arn T e cornrs ar ce or wrin ssn b abd Te wi o e oces da and e seqa o one an onal imes wd o inc

e red or seam Wen a inc de is nd

inc s loe or seam a neal o saon or - nc s oce rom ac corne Tsll alo oced corners a an e o snl oeer Te rooved sam xends o e assn a o T disanc ab sold b sll raran alowance or coverin wi A coninos

c is md rom a b o , cn b on n an o 5 Te lowr corners ar noced o al o bo 5 wi bn on and neal imes wid o ee o b rned Te cornes g ad wl en o-er lain n on icnss o ma on owed ae rooved sam s cmleed

Ar e aern as bn ror oce s

ga on oer iu

1 nc en plac ond o e an ains a r co

rs a av bn noced or ire acn oar ei nd o e macin B ac ork


68/190

L, .

k

1

U

d

.L

1Y

D

7Cnin nd es o She M U

J

]1 [ l_

Z>=Z=Z- Q


69/190

HN D BUN

d mann te gs seam a une pp ps wig an ean Tbd en we up n the lls an samgved Ts pa av ben ll scbe n

pv aptesT paen te an a u b wng ane ne mak d ea n g bcd eva T pns an d a t angs cen daw st an uv, eua t w tp nbm f anle N aw lnes su n tv Theutv will b paen e anle w alw-

ce ad snle eme ge T cnes atce wn e awng an a nc slge tu n e e T anle is ten e ba e tpg nd blw ak (Fe

T e win te pl f e ane iswn n e elevan t pesue ca p we e we n t anle s te cup Tee n f e anl s clsel une we ain Usng 5 iane daw lne pins an esecng a b Biec ln b a e j w eb aaus and e as cne scb a al cicl cnnctg and b T amt cd s ade a lap a e wend T bd be pl an c an

e ges av been anle aswn in Fgu 7 se aug n mal bing

acine ( Fgu ual te w f e ee e u t wk u acn avin ppe ll tn e inne n aans e ane aswn a G Tis peain wl ae e anl giving i a s appeaanc afe beng

t sap


70/190

72 HT MTL WORK AN TTRN RATIGURR A

e ung macne swn n Fgue 68 s use foaus pposes and is well adapted fo ung smallege n ccula peces of meta egng ops and msof ces

;an es of seet metal tcles fo seaming

ese acnes ae made n tw ses fo geneal woke all mace s us fo ung eges on malle n ll u edges p to - nc n dt o

igur 8Burring Mchin

age cues e lage mane s pefeale an ege ange up to % nc wide can e tne on tis macine.

Wen ung eges fo seaming ligt seet metal teexpeenced on ll tn e ege as sma posible as e fully undestans tat t s almost mpssible

o tn ie ege eenly on tn metal witout cimpng te u. A aow ege f seaming s prctyas strong as a wie ege. It cn be turned esy te


71/190

THN N B e w he oe nishe nce we omee

Burng Tunn ees on e bun mine s iul opeo fo e bene eques cefu wo nd ce o becoe ocen bun n ee ee on cicu pece of plewiou cin e bu o wpn e me

Te en fo e cu boom wi llownce fo ine ee is shown i B, iue 7 Te boom s sml ccul ie of mel vin n ee nc wiee i nle T of m

igu 69.Burrng n dg on Cup Botto

mese e ee of e bo n o s dmens wice e w of e bu o be ued b mensf he sl buin cine

Afe e boom is cu fo el, en oceed o urr e ee in e follown mnne Hvn e n

lownce fo /ich bu on e oom se e uen e mcine scn nc fo e ee of e ueoll. This wll low fo e eu of e eril fehe ee i une Ten lin he boom i oion-l osion e e ee of e mel on e owe oucin e ue Ne bn own e ue ol unilhe el is he beeen he olls Then wi e

pl f e lef n esin ins e fme of emine s e boom beween e hub n nes he bl of he hub esi on e uppe sie e


72/190

7 SHT TL WRK AN PATTRN RFTNG e cente wit te nge exten n e wr dit e an in is poitin oing te eg o ttom y againt te gauge aow te meta pasetwen te tumb an ngs wi voving in e ma

ine Ate te evouon an wi te macin tuning te bottom s gua ae unti te eg une to te quire ange

Te ce itn f te an wie bung egen a cua pices of mta is swn Figu is meto f oing te sc wi p e meta rowpng ut o ape wie rning te eg T bottom s ten ippe e e y an e cup oee si ate wic te an ee n posinompeting te pobem.

BRKIG

Wn consuctng artice mae fm tin pate apaae kinks wrines wi oten appa on te metal

t big om on t os. is can b avoie t seets ae taken beoe wiig an passe g tfoming os tee or fou times Wit c pass re vese en gtene ou y being pue ovee ea o wil makig t ast pss troug e macie We forme up again t met wi ot wrinkeTis pocs s kown to e ee mt woke a ang tn an is use consanty by caru workmanor te paa knk ae alway evien if te mta ny oe once

ULMRY POL

eor cotining wt e nxt o te gra poen ts seies evea supplementay pobems ae gen

e constuction ig imia to te cu rob ecb n ts car robms cot o smlnkg cups a surig cs or ouso us an


73/190

NOTCHING A} BRING 75

e sall made rom 10 o I bgt tn, avng a No14 e nlosed n te to s ese ensls old a geantt, nsal are ms be obsere by te oa

wen maing t alloanes o wrng and seamngCup .-Te follong te gves te damete nd eg fo derent csfrom I pnt oon ua.

i Se :

Size

2 p2 n

1 pn1 qaDrnng cDng c

Diameter (Inches)

2/2%

331\33%

Hight (Inches

2f2/

3085%2Y2%

PARS R A MASURE

Anothe adaton of the c pobem is te one q

ipped mease son n Fgue 70 Te ontcos e same except a a circla ang p s attce

Figure 7.-0neQurt easure wih Flaring Lip.

to te top. Te anle s doble emmed, and e od gadaed nto fo arts an mked on te meta by

ea of te bedng mane ( Fge 35)e dmensons of te mease and meod o btang te aern fo te li e shon n Fge 71 Fsaw e eeto A o te eued ze Ten da


74/190

HT ML WOK N TTRN TN

te se vew of te B as sown by ab, extenng teines tl ey iersect at e Wit f as center escrbte af section f te t f te measure as swn by

b5; ivie tis semcice into equa pts as sown. ei s an intersecte frustum of a igt one wic abe eveoe by te aa meto

f te tme s mted an ony a few peces are equre tere are severa sort meto wc can be appe t te same urpose An aroxiate attern eveoe y one of te sor metos n cmmon use iown n C Figure 71, an ay be puce as foows aw a cente in as B an on it convenent one Wt te masses set o a as equa t ed in teevation , scribe te a ; startng from te point space a stance on eac se equa to oneaf tcircufeence of te top f te measue as sown by tgurs 1 to n te afsecton n te eeton aa ine fro extene troug d, an pace te wt o te bc of te as sown from to ow tae tsance of te font of te lip ab an ce as sonfrm b t a raw a ne from o a an bsect to otan te cente pnt m Frm m at gt anges to araw a lne ntersecting e cente line B a n et n as ente an nc aius escrbe te a aic w cete e net pattern for te A an

awance fo a lap seam n te en an n egfo a snge em on te t Ater ts ege as beentune n te urng macine (Fgure 6 te p pace o a a stae an te ege cose own by meanof te maet en te p s fome on e bwnstae ace n postion n e to of te easue ansoere on te nse Ls for measures of age ame

ter are usuay we at te top ege an te aanfo wire is mae n te sua manneAnoer stye of p s swn y bgh n eevat an

ncoses aou treefourts f te circumference f t


75/190

:OTCHN AN RN 7aure Te op c o own b oe lne Te meo o lang out t patrn fo a p of

gu 1la of as t lag p a Pas f p

form s sown in D an is obn as oow : raentr in B St t comasss to a rs qu oreqarrs of mr o e op o meu


76/190

T MTL WORK AN PATTRN RTNh enter ecrbe he rc Next set o h e make he tane equa o ne eameter o the measure as ener n e us escrbe an r ntersetng e arc u he e o the pattern as shown, mang fg equ n t

o g n e levato. A allowans or rng or hem-mng he op hs completg he apprmae patern


77/190

HAPTE X

S, P She next pb of ths se is the oveed pa

n n Fue 72, the nstution of whh nvvehe poesses of uttng nthng wiing eaming n

igur 2nQur Covrd i with Botto oub S

ung the sa a the ee mta up desb he at hapte

The onstution f the body s pataly th mhe ny dene beng h he bt of the pa isuble seaed to the body insead f beng spped oer sd as was done in nstrutng th up hen thotm of any shee eta atie is to be joned to hod h d whi i nh or arer it ienery oube e ethe by hnd or mahne h

peations are fully desie d n in ontinge pobem as fw 79


78/190

T MTL ORK ND TRN DRFTG

-4

4igue 73lea on ad P ern OneQur overed Pi


79/190

DOL MIG I R In Fgure 3 are how the elevaton, pattern, an

dmeon of oequart ovee pal a egulato ze and wl allo two bode to be ut from xhee of t tout wate he body a a No 2 r

oed te top, wth h grooved m on tde he ove raed nto hape fom the at metalvng a arng hoop attahed tat t o te nde othe pa e w ba hande fatened to the earw are made f malleable ron rveted to the bodyhe pttern A for the body ut on the quarg hea(Fgure 9 ) o the equred ze. e one ae ot

ad te edge tured fo rg and eamng he bod ten wred, fomed and te de ea grooved on tane

HE O AMING PROCE

Ate the ody ha been mpleted, e ae ready fohe bottom w joed t te ody by t proe of

Figur 74Burri o oo of howi Corrct oitin s

doble em. he opeato ae early o aB Fgure 3. e etoal detal at B ow anedge tued at rgt angle to the boy h bottom hooke oer te edge o t boy a ow at C e lat

operaton ad ed eam own at Brrng Edge on Bod rt opean bungte edge n the body, hon n Fgure 4. h edge


80/190

SHEET TA WOR AND ATTERN DRAFTING

is ture by meas te small burri mahie (Fiure6 ollows Se the au o the mahie te reui re width for turi a i ede Te ol teork i the let a ad plae te ee aist te

aue Now brig dow the upper roll utl te metais eld rl bewe t roll The ege the burrey allowg te wok o reole bewee the tumb a

UprS tjng

rJl

nk

J L

!n

w Fe 5SetingDwn chin

ers e di it agais e throuh the mahie. he ede is brout t riagle the od b slihtly rasi the let hiet is ei urre The rret positi o th a ui this opeatio is sow i Figure 4.

lloae or otto. pattern r e oo ad e aowae or eges re sown t , Fiure

e iaete o te oy s sow n oae or i ee o te boy a mare e n t ttom s s


81/190

BE EAN PNN D ASN en making a ouble seam experene orn

il alay turn the edge on the botom smaller than thdge urne out on the bod Ths ill allo te ege tbe duble over ithout binng gainst te se duringe oeration Never turn ie eges for oue seamingA small ege is more ily seame an ll have a nateppearane hen nshe

er the eg h been turn on the boy o the ale the iameter o the otom s usualy oun bmeasuring from ege to ege hroug the enter ; to thimension a te the ith of the ege o be turne

n te bottom. The bottom is no ut rom metal an thge burre on te small burring ahine ( Figure 6ile oling te bottom n te position son in Figur69 . The bottom is ten ooke over the ege on te bos shon at Fgure 7 The edge s next lose ontightly by mea of the settng ammer or the settinon mane (gure 75)

H PNING PROC

The term eening means o te seet meal rker hproess o losing or settng on " eges y means he setting hammer son in igre 76. Thee ammer

igur 6tt ammr gur 77Rg am

r mae n dierent sizes, avng a narro bevle egon oe en te fae of te amer being sare n form.Figure 77 shos a rveting hammer use b sheet meta


82/190

:4 E M WRK ND PRN RFN

wokes hs ool has a ouded edg on he tapren ad s o sutal for peng puposes.

Te otom of the pal n our poblem eg eay fopng th opeao s spe a s learly motra gu 7. Th lusaon sows te bottomsg o a op of he square sake aso h poson o h has a hamer we osg ow g Wh pg h edge ae us b ake no tork h shar edg o e ammr agas the body f

igue 8.-Peg dg of otom hoig Positio of an n

tt mmr

Fgue 9-etig the Setti ow achi

he al, as a ll make a sgung mak on tmtal, shog aeless wok Ths meho o stngown the ege s uvesal use wh smg heamatera o lage als made o lgt mea

Setting Don Mhne W oue seamg atesa ro t pae or gt ma f he dgs ha

ue rue a ee te peg opao a b pom on the setng down mah Fgu 5 ) Tserato s shown n Fgure 7. The a s l


83/190

OBE SENG PEENN N N 8

boom uprd ad the ege run between te two rollwh w tur ow an ompss th gs makg tt moo o o o

improv ttin dow mahne i how Fgu

8 main i we aape or seng dow

,

w

k

Gau F 0SegDw cn w cbe R

Fge 81-le emn n

d o sragh an arng rt Th iinoto o os ows t wor wit the ottom p ow peratr can art tseam nwar wil settin i own o alae dubsemg


84/190

:6 SHT WK PTT DRTG obe Se f ora

ou samn procss s sow Fgur T dyof arce s sped ovr nd of t dou samng st and t g n ovr y mans t wooden

ma n oowng mannr o t dy rmn top f t stke wt t and t postonhown n t uston ten urnng t rc sowlyr a nward ow wt t maet, nn t ga an ang f 45 w man rvuo o t otom omp t oprato y hmmrng t sm

own tg and mot w oding t ma in rta poso Wen doub am sma arts, t doub seam stk wn i Fgur 4 s w adapt r tok F smn rg work r ars me fromea mtr doub smng stak wt fou asw Fgur 29 w prov vry a or a vay work

oe Sein Mchine

oul samng manes ar ma varous stys, nd work s o n

ructe n ag qunttes mcn or ts puose sndspesa he macn swn in Fgur 82 ape to ma kns f work, and ma shet mtaloes prer ths tp smer for gnra us

'Contrtn Cover constucn a ovr madrom lg mtal us rememd tat th rs rurme s t sal rg and strong ug told ts sap wou warpng ater e oop s ataced to rm The op s md arng n shapeo t t cn t snug o nsd f e atclovers rg damete ar gr construed n orm o a t o, whe th smr ses ar er macn samped r rasd nt shp rom h mal ans o th sng mmr sown gur 8 asing mmrs n otned n rent szes and weguta for wor ad


85/190

OUBLE AMG, PI G ND RAI SIG 8"

fn PartUp r l

oe Dub Siq RQ I

.Cap

Fm

Ro " erTckg W

igur 82.Doubl Saming Mchin, Moore' Pten

Figur 83-Ri Hmmrs


86/190

8 S M WOK A A F

empate HThe meho of ang ou he patr ad t ontruto of th one-qart al ovr sow Fgre 8 A deaed eo howng t onrton gven at . Te tpte or paern for

E

:

B

zo_ Dbh

I:

=I

o "

re 84Patterns nd ntructin OnQut o

rn he ar o t arn oo own t B ad mae n th folown mannr :

ng a pee of heav n 20 nhe log, trn a douem on one de ocae pon d ad e nhe frommmed ge as hon b ej the wh the trammeon, n n radu, rb a a rom d to e meta o ut o h lne ad nh oeed e one ed for agg th tempate o th for fure e T empat a sed for marg out oop o a damter or arge ovr te ooa e ma wo or mor pee

T oo for the onequrt pal over me fom o


87/190

OB SMING, PNING, AN SN 89

ie o mea, equal in lengt t t irumren o heoy, an la out rely on the meal as hown a Weer one or a oen pee are requre se he poinso he wng ver qul o he w of the oop Thenar a he lowr g o t hee an mark e wi oah hoop by makng a lgh mpresson on meal witte pont of he ver, sown a mm on oh end othe et Th templa B s now pla on te lowerge e hee w he roun ie touhing t orners Ten usng he rah awl, ri a ln on hmeal sown rom g o g The templa i mod upwar o th heet to the prk mark mm and the ar ire aro h heet, omptng the patrn o onoop Ths proe an e repeaed for any numer ured

Afer the hoop ha en ut rom metal and ormeupon he rols, e o h pl y inertng it nhe top, havng it proe ot l/ inh aove he wrge Whle n hs poson mark he n hen u o

e urplu lengh, allowng aou % nh or lap anno h orner a own a n paern Aer hlap i solere a nh ege s urre on he upper ege,a own in h rawng a n A patern for hver, hown E smply a rular pee o meal hmee o whh s oun n he ame maner a he patern or he pal oom hwn E gure 73. Afe

he mensn ha een aserane by hs meh uhe meal

l/nh larger n ameer o allow fr h

takup urng he rasng proes

T IING P

The Rng Bk onrung shee meta l,rnamen or orne work, urve molns n eror varous arle, he hee meal worker i oten reure o rase or ump, te work nto orm rom a


88/190

90 HET TL WOK N TTERN RFTING

mea, y meas o te rasg ammer an rasn locTe rasn lock s mad rom soe susance vressanc to the los, an a aroo or lea ock iserly e or s urose c Te runk of a aroo

tree, aout 6 nces g a

ces n amerav several salo crcular ressons vary

iue e aing lo ( ad Metod of aii a cla r

e an aeer cu n one en s l aae os ok

en rasng sal os, lea locks are generallyse, cs n a se sma t tat son a ur8 Tese lead bocks re about

9nces n se a

aou nces g Te eesson e o s mae yammern te roun en of e rasg amer


89/190

U NN, D ASN 8en asin cu o ove aways stt a

he oute ege wrin inwar curses towr thcenter gaually turning the isc as each blow s struc A miae ofen mae by the stuent an woan is re too har wile raising te cener whch en he curve being of greae epth than require.

n bumping cuve mlings an raisin the ecos sheet metal ball the raie e ofen shos mars aent mae by e hamme. To obtan a smoth rounuace the wor s pace n the roun hea sae shown Figure , an resse evenly by means o the wooe

aet.R .Having the pai cover E Figure8, cu rom metal we are now rey for the aisnproces. Fis hammer a crca epresson nhesn iameter an % nh eep n he top of a ea bloc.Next place the at isc meta ver the epresson ne blo in the poiin shown a Figure 8 anwih he raiing hammer stie blow all aoun the ege he cirle hmmerng ou any wrinles hat my fouring he operation Ts wil raise the metal o theshape sown at Then ith the oer n te poitionhow n srie anothe use o blows aroun ief te rs coure Coninue ths poces unil the coves brought to he shape hown at 4 The cener i hen

aise by stiing ight blows with he hammer whilehoing he cover n he poition shown at

Thi complees he operaton as shown at 6 When raisin coverme rom light maeria wo or more of them cn belace together an ase at he sae ime.

Trnng M.Figure 86 show a turning mahine bee nown o the shee meta worer a he hic ege " These macines are furnshed wi rolls ieren hiness sutabe o arge vaiey of won are we apte fo turnn edges on heavy mailreparn the eges of aring artcles fo wiring edgin


90/190

2 T ME ORK N PTTRN RTece ebo, and makng a deesso o be mel e makng e wh of a ange be une ona clne cove

lnn Cfe e ove a bee a

mee e ino e, be ee u awe ege nge on m, o g ehoo and cove b men o a nge sem a igue 8 The s se n ngng s e e gug

Tlj n . Cracw.

m

:

U -

s Q

k BoxAustr

RocKingBoxScrew

Fgure 6-Tug Mch

n e unng acne (gue 86 ) bou fme dge of e u ol Ne, ce e ege ecove agns e gauge, bng n e ue evve e k in e macne, makg a eesoo ed as shon a nube 1 gue 87 Then nvee cove and ace he ange on o he squae ke,

i he oon son ae hc e ege s hmmeed dwn evenly mea o he wooen e smlees e oeaon, leavng a uae


91/190

OUBL SEMING PENI, ND RSN 93

d aoun h g of h cov as shon at numbr 3 y mns o h mall bung macn (Fgu 8)

nc d tund on cov, own t mr 4Th cov s now hookd ov th g bud on t oo

an em cos w b men o th sng amr Th rng or covr s mad o c o l ncs long an nch wd as sown t G

-

Figur 87Mh Flngng Pl C

4 ngl nd on oh ss, nde ma omd nto sha ov th oun ndo h ncas sk Fgu 5 ) Th rng s old n oson whch coms th consucn ofhe cov

Forig ire BTh smll mlab as at v to th , and ogesv ss n fo

ng w bal a swn n Fgu Whn mkngs fo acs avng agh sds cu he w ng qu o two an onhlf tms ee o


92/190

ST" A WRK D AR DRAFGt op, a or to ape o te omn rolls (Fr24, 2 ) Ten place e r one o te roov o reas stak (e 5 ) , wi t n enbot c over t g o sak be t bymeas o e e to a a o 5, as sn atmber 1 Fgre 88 et move t oard ote take abot nc n b o al o , a

igur ps n rn Wre Bl ; Mb E c

on at numbe o ens o al are now erte nto te openng n he eas n bent no sp onte creasng sake, as shon t mber 3

llustraton sog h mto o ormn thook o e en o a re bal s seen n Fgur 89

n Fgue 54 s lsrate anoe type o ceasng stak,avng a taperng orn on o n wc s very se or g smal ang rcle


93/190

UE AMI P, D RAN 8ng he EWh rt tt ar o a

mta artcl crcu om o o th cctly ovr th am whr th wo o th wr jo togth h oth c o h oo

n th oto ocat y masug from th am tac to o th mrc o

ire 89.endin Hook on l l, howi U Cte

e .-Metod of Findin oition o E wih the teel qa

oy h ot uly mk o th mt o ii o h o

oto o th a o m o h mt

fo o o i o y thmtho ho Fur 9. th il M rh to o th arc Pac h t quar o h cr


94/190

6 SH M ORK ND RN DRTIN

le n he pn swn by e lnes Wh h uer ege la sem a a h eeling he rl a c, mark he mel where h oerege o he lae inere e rle Th g

vee requre pn r rveg he ea N meuremenar neea y h meh. Te quare u be ple

i e p how y e oe ne ang ham


95/190

AP X AA E EEPME

h prom n h haper w teah a plprogress mann th onsruon and mehod of eopng he paen fo apeng or hat ha oa base the re, or any o th regar poygon n wh

ns awn fom h orner ernae n an ape oehe ener o h aaen or taperng oms r eope by h rada

meho, by ean o raa ne onegng o a ooene hen eeopng u paerns, rs daw eeaon howng th re ng o the as, and he uengh of he radu wh wh o erbe he h

ou r o he paern The reh-out us be esrbedwh a raus ua to h lengh o he rue ge o heod, a hon by C gure 9 Then a pan eus be rawn rom wh h ngh of he eh-outan be obaned a hown by DEG in gure 9

h spes o o apeg ar a h one andpyra, and hese ae apped in h onsuon ohney ap, venao ead, phed oers, e

The sheet ea worker is frequeny equred to onru an are n he or o a rsum o pane etion o a one and h mehod used in Qeeopng h patern s spy o eeop a paern or he ere onan n u o h upp orion aing th edruum

he odie o welknow apering ares u as hurna hood, unnel ipper oe po srane buket,an t ar ti harae ad when eeopng hei

97


96/190

.

p ,

\

/#

(

: 1.Rad Mthd Dvlpng Pa a Rih Cn,


97/190

RDL E DEVEOMET 9pens e re ee as e frsms f cnes aefered abve

tten for Coe FrtI Fgr 9 in he med evepng e paen f rg

c hch cnas e pncpes appcabe afrsms pyms and ces

raw eeva BC Ten descbe a crce orepesen a pan ve e bse s sn by DEFGv oneaf he ne f he base he pn no a nmber eq pas n by he es 7 fm he ape cne cen w a a eqa he e eng he san eg f he cne as s C escbe e eh ac CH n any cnnen pn he sec- e pn 1 n aw n frm 1

Ten e ddes eq he eng f hspaces in pa and sarng a po 1 mrk spcesqal ce he nmbe f se n pan s sn

b 1-1 c mke e sec eql n eng h ccmfeence f e base f e cne m ee pn s lcaed w a ne e ape ndhn d a lnc fr seamng Ts cmpees hpaen f e g cne Wen g nces frsg ng k ce sl be ken a aenes ae awn paael e ege nes e ne pae

We e fsm f a cne s ese s shn by

B Fge 9 en h ameer f smll f e frsm wl be eqal n nd e ds dcrbe e pper edge f pae b equl o nW as cene an n as s escrbe e arc o swn y ed n Ten op 1-- b pe fr rsm f e cn

tern or Sqre

yrmTs vepme i

n Fg 92 and same pncp* se velpng e paer fr a cncaspe bj e ap-4 * v


98/190

0 ST MT O AD TT ATIG

zr :L

I

C

3

ire 2-er or qre yri

I . -


99/190

DIAL LINE DEVLOMENTS 0ll o th eveomnt of ramd avn awth an numbe of n th ca w hav a quaramd.

aw h lvato a hown BC and th an

vw a hown b 1-2-34, accodng o th dmnongvn n h gu Nxt daw h two dagona ne3 24, nectn n h cener at m hen han vw lac h poon a hown, th n n th elevaon epeen the u engh of one of hcone of th pamd h A a cen an C aadu te echout ac cbd n he ame mnne

a n he cae of the con n the pcng oblm. fettng th d o th wh of on de of the baa 12 n he pan, ang at 1 mak o on the tchou ln pce equa o 134 n ln connc thepnt b aght ln a hown, and da ne omech o to ax compng th eveomen

attern or a Hexaona rami- ve

pmn

of h pobm, a hown n Fgu 9, de no fom hat of th cng poe, ecp ha he nD n h evaon no the coect au whcho trke h tch-out ac an oe neceo daw n ha wl peen th tu ngh n heevaton. T foun a olow

Ft aw th plan an eevaon accong to h

denon gven the wng Fom the cene daw t n mn a ght ange o 61 n the pnFm m a cnr wth th au m6 dece an antecng ne mn a a Fom a eec he pepencuar ne neecng the a ne BD o he eevn etn Fm g aw a n o he pe hcwl h u ngh o m n h an an

rau wh wch o dec he techu acth rau and e pex a center, ece hut n


100/190

02 EE O D A DIGAfe eg h dvde o he wh f ne f he

de f e bae whih i hn he an ma o i

gr 93-attr r a xaga ad

pe n he ehu a and ee e aen he ame mane hn in he reeg pbem


101/190

RADIAL LNE DEVELOMENT 03

rn for h probm hod b dvop, nm mad from h m h gvng pra nonron Th mo w a on ho an rror h parn whh mgh ohr b ovrookd

Rectaular itche Coer.Sh ml workr rrqn rqur o onr ornamn n ornwork a hoo anop or a ovr for n ar qur orngar form Th ar ar ay ma h form of qr or ranr pramd han hor hgh or r o h x Prn for work of h knd r y l o

dr on h ma b a hor mhod n whh no vaon rqr, h ru gh of h rau fodrbng h rhou r fond n h pan gr 9 ho h dvopmn of prn for a rangur phd ovr by h mhod

Th haf von and on n b omd Thwr rawn n h a o how h onruon anmhod of onnng h hop B o h ovr hon aA Th hoop a rp of ma of h rqu hhavng ng hm on h owr dg nd an dg urndo rgh ang on h uppr for mng, a honn h on

Th ngh, wdh an hgh of ovr bng nownr draw a pan o h rqrd z, hon 34.N dra h dagona n nrng in h nr

m whh n rprn h h of h ph vrn pan h n d o h pon hndraw n from x o h nr m hong h pnof h am. for rbg h rhou r forh parn n h ru h of on of h h n nh pan a u h mnon h radu for drbng h rhou

To nd h rau drw h n mo rgh ang oh hip ln m in h pan Th hgh of ovr ahown by a n h von mr on h n mo a


102/190

c

- -

x

-

.

E

-

7

-

.

u 9- gur hd C


103/190

ADIA INE DEPENTS ow raw a ie rom n to 3 te he tueeg o the ie 3 i te pa a i the rai foresbig he steth-ot

After setig the ivier eqa to - i , wi

eer erie a ire o the meta Satig at ayoveiet poit o the e a pit 3 a o he eth of the e ad ie o the oer how y234 i the atter Frm 12 ee with a raiq to oehaf e wih of he over a hw by xi he pa esribe ot ar e ate a howhe tre egh of the eam ie hw the te

ie f the patte. he wh gf a rai a g eer esibe ar at x one a pot y traigie a aw e from hem tothe eer g hi omete the et patter o whi aowae or eamie ae a ow

Ater the ater as ee ut fom meta oth theer ad tr edge o the foer The ate iforme by aig the meta o the hahe sake abei o he hip ie to the requed age he aeam i rivee or ere a he hoop i atahe tothe over a ho at b i te eeatio he ege theoe w by mea o the ettig mmer ompetighe otro

structi of Flari aI Figre 9 iow a esee vew o a arig te form of

whih i see be th art or frstum f a oe iso be me of I brgh t, aog to the owigmso

ameer of op, iheamee of bm, 4 iheeigh 2 ihes.

A o 2 wre is iose te p ege a the oom obe seame o he boy The boy s mae i woee fom a 0x4 sheet of ti. he mber o


104/190

SHT MEL WOK AD PATE DAFTINGpieces in whch he body of an rcle i hs fo is madl deend pon s sze and he meial from which is o be consced

In Figue 96 is sho a al elevao lso alfsecional e and he ehod of

baing he en

or;

ang an de in wo pieces In eveloping hearn s daw he cenr ne GH on whch lcehe heigh o he pan as shown by D hog hsepoins daw nes gh ngls o e cener lne n

Fi 5-Fng Pn pctv

er sde of he cene lne GH fo he ons place he haf daees B o e o nd D of hboom Then BCD sos he half eleao whlFDE sows e hlf seconal v a lnes connecng BC and E and exend hem n hey ee hecener lin a K, hch is he cenr oi i ch descibe e paen Wh CD s raus nd D as cene descbe he quarer cce CM and de i ino anube o eqal saces s shon by e gues o Ths quaer ccle eesens a onqae plan o heboo of e an

The paen s deeloed s follows : Wih K as cene and e d equal o B ad w e cNO ad R as so Fo N da a e o e aeK and san fo e o R sace o o he ac R


105/190

ADIAL LIN VLOPNTS th stetout f tce th number f spacs cotaid inh quart plan s y th gres n thr RS Fm K dr n thrug extndng ttil t itrscts the arc N t Add laps for smi nd rg as sho b th doted nes cmpets the af pattern fr th p

alf elevaton and a uarte l f t p ottom is al that is eqrd to d the sttc

\

\ / /

Z

O

-lopmn o Pan o la Pan

dius for crbg te pttern fr t fsum of ane. h lowaces fo seamig and rn re mad t ae man f te stagt k scibed inrevious haptes

Wn lain res i th form o arusm of a c, suc s coee pt o lqud measu


106/190

108 ET MEL WOK N PERN RING

c ve wre nsered n e edge of he mll enor op f e body, re wred wle n e befoe beng fomed no spe ; wle rng rcles sc s ps,pns, ec vng wre nlosed n he lrge end, r

wred fer he ody s been fored p d semed o-ee A rng cle s be wred lws beforesemng e boom o e body. a vng compeed e perfo e ne qr pn, re 96, nsfer mend c wo peces from see of 1 brgh n.Noc e pper corners fo wrng nd e lower corner

fo semng descrbed n Chper VI Plce eo pece ogeer nd form em no semccl

ir .g W g th dg Mhi

e frmng rolls ( 24, 2) . Nex rn e edgef e sde sems on e folng mcne (ge 6 ) n en grove e sems nd close em dn by me

f e mlle on e mnrl se ne sep wll be o rn e edge for e res s done n e sml nng mcne gue 8 6 ) ,n e followng mnner

Hvng mde llownce of inc e ege oe pern for No 2 wre se he gge on e mcn nc from e cener o e depreson n e lower ollTen plcng e pper edge o e pn gs e gge,rg down e pper roll nd revove e wor n cne mng deep deresson or bed on he me


107/190

IAL LNE EVELQMENS 09

Rn he work hrogh the mahe severl times gral-ly rai th work nl he ege trne to h -qire ngle whh wll brng the s of h pa to tial poo almos tohng the ppe oll

Whn rnng wire g on the trng mahin iti oftn a mater to keep te wok rla inform ; h ly an b ovrom by pllg he wora rog into shape a it paes throgh h m-h

he gg operao a th poton of he worhile operang he mie how n Fig 97

i 8.-Wn lang c Shwin Cet s ofth n

e irin MhieAfer trning h g wr w are ray for he wrng proe whih is th

sam a ha esrb in Chaper V ept that thwre s forme in the roll bfore g inloe in theege f the ale Fr t pie of wire abot nh longr th th rmferene of th top of he paa form lar i hp on the formg oll g-re 24 25) hen plag one en of th wire at these o vral eam a ner the wre eg oe

the mea over he wre for shor itan from the by mean of te ammr an he hon on h stanaof e mahne or some sta sake


108/190

SHE ME WORK AND PAERN DRAINGAer sng he gauge on e wiing mae

7 to he rqurd dh, run e wok roug he rols,rig he op abo heeourhs ' o is rumeeneB stoppng he opeaion hs poin, h nd o h

r n b hel aa rom he edge o e meal dasi u o to h equed le

h b mns o h

ire uters he ds o wre sud ose oeher e or is hen un hrough he os, ompeng opraion n Fgue 98 is show a wirg man and h oe posion o hands wen rn ag ale

Te boom is now double seamed o he bod in hsae manner s e boom o the oered p, nd hproess is ul desbed i Chper X Using ross a ux, soer h boom nd the s seams on he side o e pan, omplees he onsruon o hproblem

MEO OF LRG P

is imporan ha te sudn shuld know somehin he standrd szs an dimesions o arng pans hatan e onsrud wi he es possble wse o maria o is purpos he olowg sheue o szesnd dmensons s presened :

De D ghSze f (Inh)

1Pint

%1 Qar

6%

Pn 8 6% /2 Quar 8 6 36 uar 2% 9 10 uar 1% 9%

Makn a unnel- usul arie in the orm o rusum o a oe is e ommo une sown in Fgur99 I is o b mad rom brgh tin o o 28 gavaniedion, aving o 2 wi inos in te uper edge


109/190

RADIAL LINE DEVLOPMNTS

rtia it 3 in. T diamtr tt in n t owr nin i oy mr n in in ditr. out in lnavin a V-in ult t am in la n

olr T boy i ma in on i avi a inroo am o t i.

T oy an out ar mry tw utum o onan t attn ar vlo in a imilar mann t rail mto own in Fiu 100 I ti r t u vaon rawn but i atu rai

Fre 99omm Fne in hih Bo oy d Su Fm of n

mu xtra wor an b avoi by win onl -a t vation own on on i o t nt linAB i i on to imlify wr an t aoi tdrain of unnary lin o t attrnxtn t i lin o t ody a out ntil ty intt t ntr lin at M an G For t atrn ort boy ro olow :

Wit g ntr an raii qal to G G drib t r ee an o t attrn. n t ar et four tim t numr o a ontain in

uartr la

tn raw in to t ntr d o amin n wirin attrn or t o i vlod in imia


110/190

\2 H ME WORK AN PRN DRFING

manne, it ap ae t t ppe g n sid lden.

Ar t patt as bn ct rm mtl, nt thcres, and tn te edge the sde sea n te d

n i pttrn is sm

y

R

" ure ttes or ue Bod d oped hRd Meod.

crl lr, pe te ork he oe an bthe ege t a gh nge the sh he eatn byeans o t m n the hthet sta e ater

r n med o he lowhor stak tsde seam o te body is groed and th ppe ede sired n te same manner s derbe n e predin


111/190

DAL INE DEVELOPES 113

bem Te st is se ve te e e tefne d dered n st sn at h

Flarng ui MAnter ppcatn trcee f g ad eamg f arng artces t

costrct f arg meares Tese meases sa mde rm brgt t ag a e cse nte per edge ad te bttm dbe seme t

e cstrctng eases sma ze te ppeedge f te p ad se edge te ade e saemed, te same mner te eqat pe

measre ecrbed n Cater VIII F te gemeasre geate stregt s btaned rg tesedges A e mst gven qantt e cmpee te reatest ccrac is eqred n eepte atters a n a te ances fr rg adseain

II F FLIG U

he tere are vars prpori sed b eretwkmen ad f deret ppses, te cede s ne tat cmm se b seet metaers n cmmerca sops Te tabe eete geste egt, bttm ad t dametes r ag qeses r % nt t 5 gas

ze e D gt

Pt 2- n 2 . 2

2Pt 2 " 2Y " %

"

1 Pnt 2 " " 4 "1 Qart 3 " 4 " 5 % Gan 5 " "1 6Y " 8s

2 " ' 9

8

0

"10

8

11 12h

2 12-


112/190

SHT MT OK P TIGHalf Gallon Measure ne

lln ur b md frm X br n t p f e dy develd by t dl d

e 1Pae neHa ao Meaue wi

scd n precen prbls isinsn in rn s d i n pn s sn y in 10 N


113/190

D DPTS 1h pattn fo th bd n th sa ann nd add ns fo w and san shon by th partan D h pattrn E fo th lp lad ot by ht td sn n F 1 loan for o

14 bn addd to th pr d h pan foth hanl on t Th lnt f ths pattrn ifod b pn th otln of th and a shown bc n th lvatn to th dmnsn dd ps at hnd fo odrn

Th and s tthnd b inlosn a No 1 th sd ds Aftr h pattns hav bn t fr

t noth th rns, nd tn s on h fldnah F 16 f in th hadl and sh body h d fo w is no td o h ppd of th bod nd lp by mans of th sma rnnahn ir ), and rd in th al mannr oth rinahn Fr 7 )

xt fo h body, lp and hadl n th formn olls

s 24, 25 , bt do nt a th ird ds n thrvs o d of h olls hn passn h wrkthh th mahn. h botto is blsad oth bdy th p and hand soldrd n poson, mtin h robl.

Fain arts th for of a fst of a o,h as masrs pas tprin pps t an b aspd n h foin ol


114/190

HTER XH VS F

T problem ca re m o e arcl md by e mal worker n wc paer re dvloped by radal mod dcrbd nCapr X

I Fgre 102 i ow a e mal ca, cylidrcal

m wth a piced cover clg op T c

Fe ee Mea Wae Can Ped Coer

r de rom ad gavd iro, vary oze ad or der prpoe Te pc o covca be ved a e plae o e workma

Te rm o covr ca o be ade arg i apad d o e d o e ac i e me maa oar pl covr ow i Fgre 84 A

ee el workr oe rered o coc c aak a wll old a gve ay, ollowg abl


115/190

IC CVRS ND N TI is peeted givig the sie daee height fcs fm 1 t 200 gs i pcty

II

K

Gall

3

. 015

20025

035

40

45

055

065

70

8085

9095

00 125

150175 -

200

Diar

6%89101

1171618181818319202122223

22252262

2900

Hi

68

1V13%1

1V16V19

1232320

;35

35

740

4

40

45

4545

0

2z64


116/190

8 ST MTAL OR AN PATTN ANTh wa an Figr 102, show h pihd ov

vig a right rim 1 nhs wid d ovr th otid of h bod. Thi sl of ov i grall dwh oring o ns and rpal fo wast

mrial of varios d. Th bod of h an s 1h i diar Th high i

1nhs. Th

!

c

H

(S)

re 03-Deepent f attern fr tched Cer : 8 Sectn fSe Sqae and ed e n Layn O aer

rial sd is No. 26 glvanid ion nd a No. 8 wir lod i i ppr dg. dg ih i widh isd for h groovd id am, d h boom is ahdto h bo b dobl am i th al wa. Th bods srghd b vral og ba. Tid mallablo hadls ar pld i poiio o h d a hown

th ilraio.attrn a itc Fig 103 shows thd of obaiig h pan fo th pihd v


117/190

PTCH COVS I RS 19hich is n th r cplt cn nd is d t ps Fst, r th l ltn s shn bBC a B qua t th altitud nd BC qual tnehl t dater th c Wth BC adiund s cnt, scrb th rc FG; thn FG lepresent nquate pan ve th cv itm s center nd adus qu t C escibe th ac n the hal ptern K On tis c, tep tic tnube spaes cntained in t nequatr plan tndra lns t m and add laps r saming, hn

Ate t edges hv ben tuned n t bar ld,

t t piecs a med by hnd nd jind tgt' h grved sea Th cv is n nged ndseaed t th r, s sn t E. Th peratins arul descibed in Capt IX Th i t cvr i sply a cicula band ta, aving th l dged nd th upp g bur, hn t D n Figu 13

Use f Stee lthug th dngs thpre t b me n t ding bard, in ctupactce many en a ut th pattn by t stl squar n iidrs dctly upn t stmeta, itut t us an dn. This st mthan b use r devlping t pattrns cns npitch cvers aete r ight

Assuing that a ptce cver 4 inchs n dtand 3 inches high s t b n t pieces t btainth pattern by hs td prcd lls : t in 3 is sn te sectin teel squr an pint t ivirs n th tca ar tqur t 3 hich is th eght t ce, n tht pnt at 7 ch nal th aetr th stanc shn b t n m ll b th tru adius thc t scrib t stetcu ac h pttrnit u qual t 37 n it any pnt


118/190

20 MT O AND E D

th haf patern s cn dcib th arc no To the gth of th srtchou of th fu ptn mutipyh dameter 14 by 3.146, whch wil qu iche. the point of h dr 1

Documents

9. Essentials of Sheet Metal Work and Pattern Drafting 1918