8th Mtaths samacheer complete tamil medium PART 5

8/6/2019 8th Mtaths samacheer complete tamil medium PART 5

1/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

122

nta

nkny cs ciuahliy goJghf. a gh kW a vw brhfis mofo gagLJnwhkh? f a vDbrhiy nfL MragOfsh?

rhjhuzkhd kjf fnzhl xU a bghU vgJfyglkw bghUis Fgnj MF.vLJfhlhf, eh RthF

fhW ikawJ, njngh ehmUJ gh ikawJ. yrkaf eKila mDgt

agUbghUfis vbfhsneL. mj iy xnu xUbghUis bgwnj ajhF. ehmwhl gagLJ ffhg csJ. mnjnghW thiyto, a rfiu, rika nrhlh

nghwit a bghUfshF.

a bghUis vthW bjJbfhth?

xU bghU ml, cUFiy,xyf v, flJwkW ghajik nghw gfisitJ xUt a bghUis bjJbfhsyh. mgobawh abghUis vthW tiuaWgh?

aa Kiw f Koahj iyahd ia kW iyahdgfis bgUgnj abghUshF.

rhwhf iu vLJ bfhlhmJ xU tkly mGj100C bfhwJ kW 0C cUFwJ. gntW _yfUJbgwgl a uL iAu#kW X M# kL csd.

tiw aa Kiwf fKoahJ.

mago, xU jk (v.fh.U) myJ nrk ( v.fh. rhjuzc) a bghUshF.

9.eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

9.1. a bghUf tiff

vdgh,Wgh

vts fy

Jsh?

vd rhbrhf?

J 100rjj

a gh!

eh RthF fhW abghUmW. Mdh mJ gntWthf fyitahF.

gh vgJ k bfhG, ujkW nrj fyitahF.

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2/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

123

myF

9.2. jk vwh vd?

nkny khaikfgLs

brhfshd fhg, jf, U,fhg M# Mad e mwhlth gagLJtdthF.

itna jkf vWmiHfgLwd.

glij ghUf. vdmf? gl(1) jahf xUWt Uwh. gl(2) Wtf

Ut ghgjF uila ngh

njhwkwd. xikgLjtfis jkf vd fUjyh.

gntW mPf jkijg Ta fUJfis nghJghfyh.

vj xU a bghUis aa myJ ntaKiwdh nkY f Ko-ahnjh mbghUns jkkhF.(gh TW)

vj xU bjhlf iyYsgUbghUis a bghUshfcilf Koahnjh mJjkkhF. (yhtha)

xnu tif mQfshMditna jkkhF. (jfhymQ bfhif)

gl: 1 gl: 2

bra 9.1 a bghUf vd fUJ

VnjD Iid goa Lf.

1. ________2. ________

3. ________

4. ________

5. ________

bra 9.2mil F cs vGJfis kh rahd brhyhfmikf.

1. brY FHh ________M(U) cUthdJ.

2. f ________M(gfh)cUthdJ.

3. eh m mfyf____M (fj) cUthdit.

4. eh RthF fh _______(#M) csd.

5. yf ________ (gfh)csJ.

jk fa JffnsmQfshF.

xnu tif myJ btntW tifmQfsh Mdit _yTWMF.

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2 www.errsm.org


3/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

124

nta

iAu#, ieu#, M#,fhg, mYa, jf, btnghwit jkfSFrhWfshF. xU ifas rg,rg mQf kL csd. fhgf fhg mQf kL

csd.vdnt, xnu tif mQfsh

cUthdit jkf MF.khWgl jkf mQfxwhf UfhJ. vLJfhlhffhg kW btia xLifmt mQf khWglgUkds kW cflikbgUgij fhzyh.

bkF MirL nghw fyhdbghU ijW a bghUshd

bkF kW M#id jUwJ.bghUis nkY nta Kiwf ayhJ. vdnt, bkF kWM# jkfshF.

bkF MirL bkF + M#

(jk) (jk)

goff bkJthf rhg

wkhwd. Nax Kiyt FnshiuL ijW tkW Fnshid jUwJ vgJM _y magLwJ.

tFnshiuL

Naxt + Fnsh

(btik) ( rhg w) (gRikfyj

kr w)

(jk) (jk)

bra 9.3fzho FHh js

bkF MirL vLJ bfhs.Kj nyrhf, d fLikahf r Rl btggLj.nrhjid FHhia cWnehf.nrhjid FHh cgFnkgu t nghw fzhocUthtij fhzKo. d vRliu nrhjid FHh Kidfhl. v Rl nkY tYtilJvtij bfhL M# bttUtJ cW bragLwJ. UJ vd bjJ bfhwh?

bra 9.4

fzho wf jsbtik w t FnshiuLvLJ bfhs. fzhowfiy Jneu NaxgLgo itf. d vdfhwh?

iAu# M#

v Rl tYtilj

v Rl

t fzho

bkF MirL

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3 www.errsm.org


4/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

125

myF

9.2.2.e cl fhzgLjkfisg vnghjhtJ

idjJlh?

kj cl iw VwjhH 99MW jkfshY (M#, fhg,

iAu#, ieu#, fha kWghgu) ju 1 kw jkfshYcUthdJ.

nj ngh f tnuhikL gagL brJ ghUf.

tnuhikLNax

t + nuh(bt kr) ( rhg w)

(jk) (jk)

9.2.1. aif vjidjkf csJ vdbjJbfhnthkh?

Jtiu W gbdLjkf(118) flagLsd.

tW 92 jkf aifYjKs 26 jkf Mtfbraif KiwfY jahfgLwd. Jtiu 112 jkfkLnk IUPAC(InternationalUnionofPure and Applied Chemistry)

mfhutkhf FpL btlgLsd.

gu jj iy

myJ izj iy VuhskhffhzgL gntW jkis gmnth.

mf ms cs jkM#D mjF mLjhngh

UgJ fDkhF. uLjkfS nrJ eh _WgF csd.

46.6

27.7

8.1

5

3.62.8 2.6

2.12.5

bra 9.5nkYs tiuglUJ mf

fhzgL jkij cdhfla Kowjh?

Na x

t FnshiuL

wfig tiugl - aif cs jkf

ig tiugl - ekJ cl cs jkf

M#

fh

mYa

U

fha

nrhoa

bghlha

bka

ju jkf

M#

fhg

iAu#

ieu#

fha

ghgu

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4 www.errsm.org


5/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

126

nta

midJ cUs jhtufkW yFf y jkfshcUthdit MF. mit,

M# 65, fhg 18,

iAu# 10, ieu# 3,fha 2 tWl kwjkfS mlF.

ml kW f csKakhd jkf iAu#kW akhF.

9.2.3. aa iyjkf tifghL

aa iyia mogilahfbfhL eh mj jkfisk, k kW th vdtifgLjyh.

k : miw btg iy bkFkW nuh, 30C akW fha Mait kkhf

Uwd.

th: iAu#, ieu#, M#, Fnsh, ~q, a,

ah, Mfh, lh, uhlhkW brdh Mait th iy

Uwd.

k: jKs jkfmidJ kkhF. v.fh. fhg,fhg, nfhL nghwit.

9.2.4. gf mogil

jkf tifghLjkfis mt gfis

mogilahf bfhL cnyhf,mnyhf kW cnyhfnghf vdtifgLjyh.

cnyhff : 92 jkf 72jkf cnyhffshF. itfodkhdit, gsgsghdit. jflhf

mof, fahf l aY.rhuij eF fljToa kWx vGgToait gfisbgWsd.

(v.fh) fhg, jf, bt, Unghwit.

mnyhff : VwjhH 16 myJ 17jkf kLnk mnyhffshF.

it bkikahd gsgsjikaw, jflhf mof Koahj,fahf l Koahj, rhuijfljhj kW xia vGghjgfis bgWsd.

cnyhfnghf : y jkfkL cnyhf nghfshF. itcnyhf gfis mnyhfgfis bgWsd.

v.fh. nghuh, f, brkhanghwitahF.

cs 20 GfhLM# mnkrh fhocUthwJ.

xU (m) njfuojfij 80 nyhl(50 ik)

sF fahf l Ko.

ekJ cl cs fhgmsit bfhL 9000bgYF ik ugyh.

itu Kidia bfhL

btl Koahj bghUis Tlcaa ththd brdh nyriugagL btlKo.

xU ruhr kj cl250uh c csJ.

mf cUFiyia bfhl3410C bfhl cnyhflldhF.

www.errsm.org

5 www.errsm.org


6/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

127

myF

mwhlthjkfga-Mtjdmlt

iz

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6 www.errsm.org


7/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

128

nta

9.3. V FpLf?

xbthU nta khwijva Kiw ntid rkgho _y Flyh. nta

khwid bghU bgaiu itJsFtJ fod. vdnt, jkfSF FpLf mtakhwd.

FpL vwh vd?

xUtUila bga, eho bganghwtiw RUa togagLJj ekF gHfglbrayhF. eh idbl lvgij U.K. vW, idbl

nl M~ mbkfhit U.S.AvW RU miHgJ tHf.

l bgaiu vGJtij fhoYRUa totij gagLJtnj

ekF f trahdJ. mnjnghFpL xU jk bgaiuFl gagLwJ.

FpL vgJ xU jkijFF va totkhF.

jkf FpLf gatuyhiw eh mJ bfhsyh.

nuf FpLf

gHfhy nuff y, ,fhW kW beU Ma ehFjkfSF bjhlf fhyk toa totfisFpLfshf gagLd.

urth FpLfMbfo fhy gntW

bghUf tiugl FpLfFlgoUjd.

bra 9.6Mtjd mltizia ga

gL thf gafis mj

1. HhfhyfnghJgf (Balloons) uggLth______.

2. xU sF (ash light)cUthf gagL th______.

3. sguf gagL xUFH sFf (advertisingsign) gagL th______.

4. ll (tungsten) sFfuggL th______.

5. ml cs th______.

6. mf xuToa sFf(high intensity lamp) cs th

______.

7. cfSila gfis tikahfitUf ggir (toothpaste) gagLjgL th____.

8. r Fsij (swimmingpool)Rjkhf itUf gagLth______.

9. faf jiks (radioactive) th______.

10. t kly 21%cs th______.

f Mr Mok

www.errsm.org

7 www.errsm.org


8/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

129

myF

gHfhy nta mPfUig jfkhf khw Ko vW edhf. thW khW fiymbf vW miHfgLwJ. j

fiyPf mbfLf myJurthf vW miHfgLwd.

lhl FpLf1808 #h lhl vw

mP jkf bgafis tiugl FpL _y Fl Kawh.

nkFl FpLf tiutjFfodkhf, gagLJtjF tryhkY Ujd. vdnt, lhlFpLf tuyhW KaJtthj nghY gagLj ayhk

nghd.bga FpLf

#h n#f bga 1813My vGJfis gagLJKiwia ttFjh. nkY kwtiugl FpLfis fhoYvGJfis gagL vGJtJvJ vW thjh. jkfSila Fpil khF Kiw

vw jiy U mikfgl bga Kiw nH bfhLfgLsJ.

jkfSila FpilkhF Kiw

1. bghJthd jkf (Kakhd mnyhff) My bgaKj vGJ Fplhf gagLjgLwJ.

jkf bga FpL

nghuh (Boron)fhg (Carbon)~q (Fluorine)iAu# (Hydrogen)mnaho (Iodine)

ieu# (Nitrogen)M# (Oxygen)ghgu (Phosphorus)rg (Sulphur)btndoa (Vanadium)nua (Uranium)

B

C

F

H

I

N

O

P

S

V

U

2. xU jk cs KjvGij ngh kbwhU jkY

Ujh mjk MybgaYs Kj vGJl ulhvGij nrJ FplhfgagLjgLwJ.

jkf bga FpL

mYa (Aluminium)

nga (Barium)bga (Beryllium)k (Bismuth)nuh (Bromine)nfhgh (Cobalt)fha (Gallium)a (Helium)a (Li thium)

ah (Neon)

fh (Silicon)

Al

BaBe

Bi

Br

Co

Ga

He

Li

Ne

Si

3. xU jkYs Kj uLvGJfS kbwhU jk Kj

uL vGJfS xwhf Ujh, mjk My bga

Ys Kj vGJl ulhtJvGnjh myJ _whtJ vGnjhnrJ Fplhf gagLjgLwJ.

M# iAu# ieu#

bkF fhg U

www.errsm.org

8 www.errsm.org


9/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

130

nta

jkf bgaf Kakhd ehL / fbgw ma mPf /w/uhzfjhghu/nfhf nghw Kiwfis bfhL bgalgLsd.

jkfbga

y /nuf

bgaFpL

nrhoa

bghlha

U

fhg

t

nfhL

bkF

by

oMok

ll

nea

nfa

~bgu

Fu

mb#l

Mu

iAuhu

sg

nldoa

c~gu

Na

K

Fe

Cu

Ag

Au

Hg

Pb

Sn

Sb

W

jkf bga FpL

Mfh (Argon)

Mr (Arsenic)

Fnsh (Chlorine)

Fnuha (Chromium)

fha (Calcium)

fha (Cadmium)

bka (Magnesium)

khfR (Manganese)

Ar

As

Cl

Cr

Ca

Cd

Mg

Mn

4. y jkfYs FpLfnuf bga mogilmikfgLsd.

bga FpL bga cUthd j

mbka

nuha

neha

mnaho

bkF

qnlha

beoa

nua

Am

Eu

No

I

Hg

Pu

Np

U

mbkfh ehL

Inuhgh ehL

m~u nehg (ma mP)

Cjh w

fl bga

qnlh (nfhf)

beo (nfhf)

nud (nfhf)

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9 www.errsm.org


10/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

131

myF

FpL vthW vGjgLwJ?

tU VnjD xU Kiw, xUjk FpL vGjgLwJ.

1. jk Fpo xnu xUMy vGJ kL Ujh,mJ bga vG (capitalletter)vGjgl ntL.

2. uL vGJFpLfisvGJnghJ, Kj vGJ bgavGY, ulhtJ vGJa vGY (small letter)

Uf ntL.

jk Fpo KaJt

xU jk FpL czJtJ

jk bgaiu

xU jk mQit

vLJfhlhf,

FpL N czJtJ

ieu# vw jkbgaiu

xU ieu# mQit

FGbraghL 9.7 J xU Rthuakhd isahL. j _y jkf kW jFpLfis id Twyh. FLs Kiwgo Lf jahf,xj khztfis bfhL FGfis cUthf.

bra ntoad

jkf bgaf vGjgl 15 Lfis, mjkfFpLf vGjgl 15 Lfis jahf. F jkf bga

goalgLsJ. (cfSF jkfis bj bra RjucsJ)

iAu# fha Mr nrhoa bkF

M# Mfh Fnsh nfhL bka

fhg a Fnuha ma khfR

vthW isahl ntL?

1. 30 Lfis fyf. Lfis jiyHhf fJ gu

jjahf nkir nk itf.2. isahil bjhlf. isahLgt xbthUtUF 2 Lf

vLf th mfgL. isahL uUF rahd n#ho LfisvLj isahL u mij jgf itJ bfhL nkYisahil bjhluyh. vyh LfS vLfgL tiu isahLbjhlU. mfgr n#ho Lfis itUgtnu btuuhffUjgLth. KaW ghUfns!

www.errsm.org

10 www.errsm.org


11/34


12/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

133

myF

nkFLs glfUJcfsh nrkid tiuaWfKokh?

uL myJ mjF nkgl

jkf xU Fl iwj izJ nrkcUthwJ.

vLJfhlhf xU nrk.m xU M# mQ kW

uL iAu# mQf 1:2 vwgUkds myJ 8:1 vw iwj izJsd.

uL myJ mjF nkgl

jkf xU Fl iwj nta Kiw izJ cUthF abghUnrk vdgL.jk + jk nrk

ieu#+ iAu#mnkhah

fhg + M# fhg ilMi[L

iAu# + M#

rg, M#Dl izJrg ilMi[L vw wkw thcUthwJ.

rg + M# rg ilMi[L

(jk) (jk) (nrk)

mj rhg fyj fUik w

nrk mYa mnahilL MF.

mYa + mnaho mYa

mnahilL

(jk) (jk) (nrk)

bra 9.10 eF bragl

mnaho kW mYaijxU fzho gho _ovLJbfhs. m 2-3

Jf tiu nrf nghJrhg fyj fUik w nrk

cUthtij ghfyh. mJvd?(miwF btna bra)

bra 9.9

xU njfuo jsrgiu vLJbfhs. mijbtggLj. y w vJbfhoUj Rl d bkJthfFiwwJ. nghJ beoilathit cfsh czu Ko.

go ftJ vjdh?

rg

njfuo

mYa

kWmnaho

mYamnahilL

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12 www.errsm.org


13/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

134

nta

mj rhg w nrk UrigL MF.

U + rgU rigL

(jk) (jk) (nrk)

eh nghJ U rigilvLJ bfhL a nrhjidfbrtj _y nrk

wafis mJ bfhsyh.1. U rigo, U kW

rg 7 : 4 vw j csd. UJ eh mtJuLmyJ mjF nkgl jkfxU Fl iw jnta Kiw izJnrkij cUthFwJ.

2. U rigo cs Uig,fhjij bfhL f Kotiy. njngh U rigocs rgiu fhg ilrigL

fiughid bfhL fiufKoahJ. Vbd rg, fhg ilrigo fiutiy. vdnt, xUnrk cs gFbghUfisaa Kiwgo f ayhJvw Koid j_y ehmnwh.

3. U kW rg csfyitia btggLJ nghJ

t w Rl xU. idnghJ btg btlgLwJ UJ eh mtJ,xU nrk cUthF nghJbtgij btLjnyh myJcRjnyh fwJ

4. a U rigL xU Flbtg iy cUFwJ.vdnt, xU nrk xU Fl

cUFiy kW bfhiyiabgUwJ.

5. fhjjh U rigLftugLtiy. U rigo

j r~ my nrFnghJ wkw, mGa KilkzJl xU th bttUwJ.

j th iAu# mymJ iAu# rigL MF.

mJnt, fhg ilrigilnrFnghJ rg fiutiy.

UJ rg mjF cjhdgig fhl Koaiy. vdnt,nrk gf, mj gFbghUf gfUJkhWgLwd vgij maKowJ.

bra 9.11bghoahfgl 7 U kW

4 rgiu vLJbfhs.mtiw eF fyf. fyfgl

fyitia xU nrhjidFHhvLJbfhL r RlbtggLj. r RlUJnrhjid FHhia btna vLJftf. mij eF brNoFbtggLj. d, mijFf. UJ vdfhwh? cdh rhg w,cila Toa nrkij fhzKowjh? mJ vd?

9.5.1. nrk waf

UkW rg

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13 www.errsm.org


14/34


15/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

136

nta

bghJbga ntbga gFbghUf gaf

iAu# kWM#

Fouhf kWfiughdhfgagLwJ.

rhjhuz cnrhoaFnshiuL

nrhoa kWFnsh

e mwhl czKa gF twJ., iw nghwitbflhk ghJfhfgagLwJ

rfiu Rnuhfhg, iAu#kW M#

f, lhf,gHrhWf jahfgagLwJ

buho nrhlhnrhoa igfhgnd

nrhoa, iAu#,fhg kWM#

aizF rhjdf,ng l jahnf, buho jagagLwJ

ryit nrhlh nrhoafhgnd

nrhoa, fhgkW M#

nrh

ikahahffod iu bkuhfgagLwJ

ryit fhaMFnshiuL

fha, M#kW Fnsh

ryit bjhY,U ehahf,Fo RfYgagLwJ

Rl RzhfhaMirL

fha kWM#

bk kWfzho jah

gagLwJ

aRzh

fhaiAuhirL

fha iAu#kW M#

Rtf btismogjF gagLwJ

Rzhf

fhafhgnd

fha, fhgkW M#

Rzfo jahfgagLwJ

9.5.3 nrkf gaf

eh mwhl th gagLJ y nrkf gafis mltizgLjyh.

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16/34


17/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

138

nta

9.7. izw vwh vd?

uL iAu# mQf,X M# mQl izJxU _yTW cUthwJ. xU

iAu# mQ, xU FnshmQ izJ xU _yTWiAnuh Fnsh my cU thwJ.M# mQF iAu#Dl

iz w Fnsh mQitfhoY mf. J vgo csJvwh y, gyUl egfshf

Ughf. Mdh ntWy xnu xUegiu bgUghf.

btntW jkf mQf izJ nrkf cUthwd.nrkf _yTWf clhFnghJ mQf xU iyahdjny izwd. VbdbtntW mQf btntW

iz wid bgWsd.

xU jk iza Toawnd izw MF.

iAu#id mogilahf bfhlizw

iAu# izw xWvd ahakhf bfhL kwjkf izw fzlgLwJ. xU jk izwvgJ mjk X mQl

iza Toa iAu# mQf vif MF.

vyh jkfS iAu#Dl iz wid bgUfhJ.vdnt, mJnghw jkf

izwid kw jkfshd

Fnsh myJ M#idbfhL tiuaWfyh. VbdbgUghyhd jkf FnshkW M#Dl izwd.

Fnshid mogilahf bfhlizw

Fnsh izw xWvgjh xU jk X mQl

izaToa Fnsh mQf

vifna mjk izw vW tiuaWfgLwJ.

HCl

H H

O

NaCl

KCl

Cl Cl

Mg

Cl Cl

Zn

M#id mogilahf bfhlizw

M# izw uLvgjh xU jk X mQl

izaToa M# mQfuo vifna mjkizw vW tiuaWfgLwJ.

K- izw 1

Na- izw

_______

Mg- izw

_______

Zn- izw 2

Cl- izw 1 O- izw 2

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17 www.errsm.org


18/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

139

myF

cnyhff y xWF nkgl izwfis bfhLsd.

vLJfhlhf

FeCl2Fe izw 2

FeCl3Fe izw 3

a, ah nghw jkf vj jkJlD iza Toaitmy. mjkf izw {akhF.

bjhl fwYfhfuju bgaL tiu a jkf myJ fLofgl bjhFKiw jahfgl rirFa jkf bgaf mQvnfg _W vGJ Fpodh FfgLwd.

vf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

FpL n u b t q p h s o e

bga nil un bi tri quad pent hex sept oct enn

bghJthf Kiw jkf bga ium Fia nrfntL.

j Kiwia sFtjF mQ v 112 bfhl jk bgalvLJbfhnth.

mQ v 1 1 2

bga Ununbium

FpL Uub

bra 9.14Mtjd mltiziabfhL {a izw cs jkfisgoaLf.

Zn- izw_______

Ba- izw_______

Ca- izw 2 Mg- izw 2

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18 www.errsm.org


19/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

140

nta

FGbraghL 9.15jkf FpLf kW izw nghwtiw fid TwYfhd crhfkhd isahL J. flgjidfSnfg Lfis jahf, xj khztfis

bfhL W FGfis cUthf.

bra ntoait

1. 39 Lf jkf bgaf Flgl ntL. jkfbga goa nH FfgLsJ.

xbthU jkF 3 Lf jahf.

iAu# fhg bka M#

nrhoa U rg

bghlha by fha Fnsh

bkF

2. 39 LfY jkf FpLf Ffgl ntL. xbthUjk FpoF 3 Lf jahf.

H Cu Mg O Na Zn Fe S K Pb Ca Cl Hg

3. 2 vW vGjgl 30 Lf jahfgl ntL. 1 vW vGjgl12 Lf jahfgl ntL. 1, 2 Ma vf jkfizwfis Fwd.

4. Mf bkhj 120 Lf jah iy Uf ntL.vthW isahl ntL?

xnu neu 8 isahL uf isahlyh. vyh LfisisahLgtfSF gjj ntL. xbthUtUF 15 LfilF. xbthU RY isahL u tU braghLf xiwbrayh.

1. jkf bga, FpL kW izw Mait nrj _WLfis xU FGthf nrj ntL.

2. jkJ mU lwkhf cs ulUJ xU il vLf ntL.mJ muUF FGthf mikjh mij midtU ghF tzitfntL.

vtnuD rahd FGit fhliyba mt R xU thig HfneL. if itUF Lf midJ FGthf fhlgl iyisahL Kowjhf fUjgL. iyba vj u midJLfis gagLUjhnyh myJ j if Fiwj vifLfis itUjhnyh mtnu bt uuhf fUjgLth.

www.errsm.org

19 www.errsm.org


20/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

141

myFkL

1. iAu# kW M# Ma uL jkfsh cUthditna MF. xU k. Mdh iAu# kW M# thf.

iAu# v va ToaJ. M# vjYF Jiz. aizf gagLwJ.

nkFLs jftfUJ tU nffSF gmf.

m) cs jkf vd?

M) mj jkf vj iy csd?

) iAu# X gig vGJf.


21/34

eik Rs jkf kW nrkf

142

nta

mbghUfis ghJ mj iyf kW njhwij FLf.d mbghUfis vJ jk kW nrk vgij tifgLJf.

2. U, fhg, mYa nghw bghJthd jkf cUthdbghUfis cdJ o myJ cdJ il Rs gF

ftUgh. mbghUf bga m fhzgL jkfbga kW FpLfis goaLf.

3. fk gntW tzf kW a _ Ffis gagLcdF bjj jkf kW nrkf fk khiamikf.

nrhjid

vLJbfhsgl U, a fhg f kW mLfiagagL tU nrhjidfis brJ jFj cW nehfiy ()

bra. cWnehf mogil vLJbfhsgl bghUfcnyhf kW mnyhfij tifgLJf.

nrhjidcWnehf

U fhg f mLf

nrjfiuwJ /

fiuaiyfiuwJ /

fiuaiyfiuwJ /

fiuaiy

nH eGt Lfx vGwJ / x

vGgiyx vGwJ /x vGgiy

x vGwJ /x vGgiy

rhu flJ

jik (fhg,f, ngl)

flJwJ /fljiy flJwJ /fljiy flJwJ /fljiy

Ko:

vLJbfhl bghUf

U xU _______. fhg f xU _______. mLf xU _______

nkY ma

Inorganicchemistry-PuriandSharma-Vishalpublications.

izajsf

www.freshney.org

www.authorstream.com

www.errsm.org

21 www.errsm.org


22/34

mQ mik

144

nta

10.mQ mik

eh gl gntW bghUfisfhnwh. it midJcUs kW cuw gUbghUfsh cUthdit. midJ gUbghUf fLkhd myFfshfmQf mikJsd. mQfcUt f ait. mit 10-10m(1A) FLnth. mQmikig sFtjF gHfhyma mPf kW jJtPhf fUJfis maKidnth.

10.1. mQmik gHfhyfUJf

gHfhy thj atYef gUbghUf af Koahj Ea Jffsh(mQ) MdJ vd edhf.mtfSila thjgo, uLmyJ _W mQf iznjbghUf cUthwd. j fUJ_yTWf fUJF xUjJ.

mjF .K. eh}wh Monuf jJtPh blkhoagUbghUf mQfshyhditvd Tdh. gUbghUYsf Koahj a Jffns mQvw brhyhF. nuf bkh

mQ vw brhYF cilfKoahjit vgJ bghUshF.

nufjJtPh

blkhoai[kahijbrYJ

tif jghiyf

btld.

10.2. nt TLif f

jJt Phf bfhiffisbghJthdjhf xbfhs Koaiy. Vbd mit midJnrhjid _y %fgliy.fhyf fljhY gUbghU

www.errsm.org

22 www.errsm.org


23/34

mQ mik

145

myF

gg kW gUkd gFfisg ma mPf cWnehd. mj isthf cUthdbghJthd TWfns nt TLif

fshF.1. bghUik mah

2. khwh j

3. jiy j

4. bgUf j kW

5. nfYr gUk iz

Mait nt TLif fmlFgit. t ntTLiff Kj uil kLthngh.

1. bghUik mah (ytha 1774)

iAu# th vJM#Dl nrJ cUthwJ.

id cUthF

iwahdJ vLJ bfhSiAu# kW M# bkhj

iwF rkkhF. aa myJnta khw _y iwiacUthfnth myJ mfnthKoahJ. Jnt bghUik mah.

2H2

+ O2

2H2O

4g 32g 36g

mQiw

H-1, O-16, C-12

ntid ftjF K csbkhj iw, ntid eilbgwwF cs bkhj iw rkkhfmik vW Twyh.

iw vj jkhd khwK

iy vgij ma KowJ. UJ aa khw eilbgWnghJ gUbghU bkhj

iw khwhJ.

bra 10.1

xU _ol cs T FLitjs gfo JLfisvLJ bfh. mjDila

iwia fhf. J neufJ, gfo JLf cU

uhf khW. aa khwijghf Ko. L FLit

iwia fhf. UJ fvd mf?

bra 10.2

bghUik mah iatU bra_y %ngh.

TFLit

ngaFnshiuLfiur

nrhoarngfiur

www.errsm.org

23 www.errsm.org


24/34

mQ mik

146

nta

5% nga FnshiuL kWnrhoa rng fiurfisjjahf jahf. jsnrhoa rng fiuriyT FLitY, jsnga FnshiuL fiuriynrhjid FHhY vLJbfhf. nrhjidFHhiaTFLitD bjhfLf.T FLit iwiafhf. mj uLfiurfS xwhf nrU

tz T FLitiaftdJl eF RHWf.ntid Koj TFLit iwia fhf.

uL fiurfSilna fG idia ftJg brf. T FLitYs

uL fiuriy fyabghGJ fjJ vd? ntidF KD, nt idFD T FLit iwkhwhk Ujjh? jFj sfmf. j nrhjid _y

f mtJ vd?

nga FnshiuL kW nrhoarng fiur idJ

btikw gothf ngarngil nrhoa FnshiuLfiuriy cUthFwJ.

ntid ftjF KD,ntidF D TFLit iw khwiy. vdntbghUik mah UfgLwJ.

2. khwhj (bus 1779)

xU a nt nrk, vKiwjahfglhY m csjkf xU Fl khwh iwj jh ToUF

rhW : kiH, zW, fl, MWnghw gntW _yfUJ

iu bgwhY mYs iAu#kW M# vbghGJ 1 : 8 vwj UF.

H2O

mQiw j :2:16

myJ1:8

10.3. lhl mQ bfhif

#h lhl (1803-1807) vwMy g Ma eh Jtiughj ntTLif fkW nuf jJtPhffUJfis kd itJbfhLmjKs mQ bfhifid

ga va fUJfis RUfkhfbtlh.

1. xbthU gUbghUS fa f Koahj JffshdmQfsh clhfglit.

2. mQfis Mfnth myJmfnth KoahJ.

bus(1754 - 1826)

www.errsm.org

24 www.errsm.org


25/34

mQ mik

147

myF

4. mQF _yTWF ilnaahd ntWghilbjthf sf Koaiy.

10.4 gUbghUfjik

gUbghUf jik gmtj _y mQf iaigJ bfhsyh. gUbghUfjikia JbfhstU braiy brnth.

3. xU jk mQfah vyh tifY xnukhahfnt UF.

4. btn tW jk f

mQf vyh tifYbtntwhfnt UF.

5. khWgl jkf mQfxWl xW Fl, vakW KG v j

izJ nrk mQfis(_yTWf) cUthF.

6. ntidf


26/34

nkFLs uL braghLf _y uL bghUfis njF bghGJ mjbghUf Rik bgWwdvgij maKowJ. vUJmj Rik tJsJ? mQRik Jf csJ vgJ

bjjh kLnk, j nffhdil mfKo.

gUbghU jik gKj iknf ~ghunl neuoahfnrhjid _y cW brjh.

mt nrhjidf _y rhuvgJ mQf vw

Jffsh MdJ vd fhodh.

1891M ML mayhJ ehL

aayhs #h{ #h nlhnlh vgt mQfvgit vyuhf vWKbkhjh. jifa Muhna1897M ML n#.n#.jhrmQ mogilJffisfla ttFjJ.

10.5. mogilJfffLo

Fiwj mGj csthf tahf cadGjbrYnghJ eilbgW ffnsmogil Jff fLoFmojskhf mikjd.

1878 r a F% vgtwfFHhia bfhLnrhjid nkbfhSnghJ, uLcnyhf thfSF ilgl

gF fQF ygLtif xfiwia mtuhfhz KojJ. it F%ffmyJ vthff(nfnjhL ff) vdgL. jnrhjidF gagLjgL wf FHh F% FHh myJvthFHh (CRTf FHh)vW miHfgLwJ. J th

uggl, _lgl fzhoFHhahF. j U KidfY

U cnyhf jfLf (thf)mfdGj ntWghL jUfyDl izfgLsd.fy v Kidl

izfgL th vth

(cathode) vd ne Kidl izfgL th neth(anode) vW miHfgL. jgf FHh iwghDl (Pump)

izfgLsJ. iwghwf FHhYs thmGjij Fiwf gagLwJ.

bra 10.3

1. ig bfhL cfSila cyj jiy Ko njf. njj a fhjJLfis


27/34

10.5.1. vyuh fLo

wF n#.n#.jhrD mnjnghgFas btlkhfgl (0.01bkF) mGj vwfFHh thfSilna dGj ntWghL 10,000V jUnghJFHh kWKid xbghU

rgLs iu J xU ufhrkhdx VgLwJ. x bghU

rgLs iu x cUthj fhuz vthUJ tU f xbghU JGtnj MF. j ff vthUJ bttUtjh itvth ff (nfnjhLff) vwiHfgld. itna,d vyuhf vdmiHfgLwd.

xU jiks bghU

fQF ydhfhj ff rigL JgLnghJ mij cftJfQF ydhF ffshf btLwd. j bghU xUjiks bghU MF.

vth

vth

Fiwj thmGj

Fiwj thmGj

x

x bghUrgl iu

ne th

neth

v thff

vthff

iwgh

mf mGj

mf mGj

mQ mik

149

myF

www.errsm.org

27 www.errsm.org


28/34

mQ mik

150

nta

n#.n#. jhrD kwtfS vth ff gfis magntW nrhjidfis eld.

nrhjid 1vth ff tU ghij xU a bghUis ne kW

vthfSF ilgl gF itjh, vthFvgf bghU tot khwhk H cUthtij ghf KowJ.

Ko :vth ff nenfho aFwd.

nrhjid 2

vth ff tU ghij vil Fiwj RHrfuij vkW nethfSF ilgl gF itjh RH rfu RHYwJ.

Mnya ma

mP n#.n#.jhr

vyuh kW

Inrhnlhfis

fLojh.

10.5.2. vth ff gf

mf mGj

vth cnyhf bghU neth

bghU H

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28 www.errsm.org


29/34

mQ mik

151

myF

Ko :vth ff iw kW af MwYila a JffdhMdit.

nrhjid 3

vth ffis y tna brYJnghJ v thff nethia neh yfkilwd.

Ko : vth ff v Rik bgwit.

nrhjid 4

vth ffis xU fhj y tahf brYJnghJvth ff brYjgl fhj yF brFjhfyfkilwd.

Ko : vth ff yfkil iria bfhLmff vJffsh Mdit. Jff vyuhf vdmiHfgLwd.

mf mGj

mf mGj

vth

vth

neth

neth

vthff ymw iy

vthff ycs iy

x

x

x bghUrgl iu

vil FiwjRHrfu

Fiwj thmGj

Fiwj thmGj

www.errsm.org

29 www.errsm.org


30/34

mQ mik

152

nta

nrhjid 5

nkTa midJ nrhjidf btntW thfis btntWvth wfFHhf vLJ bfhL L brjh

vjgfY khwiy.Ko : vth ff wfFHh cUF th

jikianah myJ vth jikianah rhjJ my.

bghGJ Kofis bfhL vth ff gfisfns vGjyhnk!

bra 10.4

vth ff gfis goaLf

1.2.

3.

4.

5.

10.5.3. nuhlhf fL o

mQ vRik bfhl Jff csd. vdnt mjF rkkhf

neRik bfhl Jff Uf ntL vd nfhLO idjh.Vbdwh, mbghGJjh xU mQ eLiy jikia bgUfKo. mj isthf mt mQ nuhlhf Ufyh vdfjh.

nfhLO nrhjid (1886)

vthf nrhjidia nfhLO s brnghJ Jislgl vthia gagLdh. Fiwj mGj cs thDmf mGjij brYJ bghGJ vth w ka

mf mGj

vth

neth

vthff fhjymw iy

vthff fhjycs iy

x

x

x bghUrgl iu

Fiwj thmGj

www.errsm.org

30 www.errsm.org


31/34

mQ mik

153

myF

t w x xjiy flh. ff nethUJ cUthtjhmit neff myJ nethff myJ fhth ffvd miHfLwd. nethff neRikbfhl JffshMdit.

iAu# thit wf FHh vLJbfhSnghJ bgwgLne Jff nuhlhf vdgLwd. xU iAu# mQUJxU vyuhid FnghJ xU nuhlh ilwJ.

H H+ + e-

(nethf) (vthf)

vdnt, nuhlh vgij iAu# ma (H+) vW tiuaWfyh.

nethff gf

1. nethff nenfho gaF.

2. nethff ghij itfgl RHrfuij RHybrwd. vdnt, nethff iwila JffdhMdit.

3. nethff yjh kW fhj yjh vthianeh yfkilwd. it neRik bfhl Jff vgijmayh.

4. nethff gf wf FHh cUFth jikia rhJ mik.

mf mGj

neth

vthUJtU vthff

nethUJtU neth

ff

Fiwj thmGj

nethff

Jislglvth

f w x

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31 www.errsm.org


32/34

mQ mik

154

nta

5. Jf iw wfFHhYs th mQ

iwF rkkhf UF.

10.5.4. mogilJff gf

Jff

iw -

mQ iw

myF

(m..m)

x

Rik

vyuh(e)0.00054m..m.

-1

nuhlh(p)1.00778

m..m.

+1

10.6. mQ kh vjF?

thf tahf rhuijbrYJnghJ mQit gFf Kovw Ko. m

1. vyuhf kW

2. nuhlhf

csd vw Ko tuyhga bgwd.

vyuh, nuhlh MamogilJff gfisg mj is gntWmQkhf cUthf ttFjd.

mQ kh vgJ mQYsgntW mogil Jffmik g TWtjhF.

gntW mQkhfis gJ bfhtj _y mQKjik mikid mJ bfhsKowJ.

10.6.1. jhr mQkh (1904)

jhr Kbkhj mQ khjr gHij xUjJ.m eh cQ t wkhd

rijgFia ne nfhsvW mj fUikw ijfisvyuhf vW fUjyh.

n#.n#.jhr TWgo

1. mQthdJ ne Rikbfhl nfhskhF.

nfhsnk vyuhfbghfgLsd.

2. bkhj neRik kW

v Rik rkkhf Ugjh xbthU mQeLiy jikiabgWsJ.

jhr mQkhia cyuhiro kh myJ xGfhd kh(apple pie model).

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32 www.errsm.org


33/34

mQ mik

155

myF

10.6.2. jhr kh tuf

jhr kh eLiyjik g btfukhf ss nghYmtuh neRik bfhl Jffsh vthW vRik bfhl

Jffshd vyuhfis eLiy jikgLjhk jLf KowJ

vgij sf Koaiy.

kL

1. mg, _o cila xU fzho FLit gfoJLfisvLJbfhlh. d juh cjl mFLit iw 150uh vd fljh. J neuF gfo bkJthf cU

uha d mFLit iw 150 uh vdfljh. jnrhjid _y vd mwh?

2. zW, Fs, MW kW MJis zW nghw _yfUJ uh,

bfsj, nl kW r iu nrfjd. d mij mU csMtf gnrhjd. mUJ bgwgl Ko vdbtwhvyh _yfUJ bgwgl iAu# kW M# j1 : 8 MF.

m) j nrhjidUJ vd mwh?

M) vj ntTLif F cglJ?

3. lhl mQ bfhif fUJf tUkhW

m) mQfis Mfnth myJ mfnth KoahJ.

M) khWgl jkf mQf xWl xW Fl, vakW KG v j izJ nrk mQfis cUthF.

I. khwh j lhl mQ bfhif vj fUijmogilahf bfhLsJ?

II. bghUik mah lhl mQbfhif vj fUijmogilahf bfhLsJ?

4. Mtf #hth jahfgl fhgil MirL 15 fhgkW 20 M# csJ. uh ntW xU Kiw jahfglfhgil MirL 42.9% fhg csJ. j #h kW uhfzLfUJ khwh j ia gWwJ vd %.

5. vth ff tU ghij xU a bghUis ne kWvthfSF ilgl gF itjh mJ vthFvgf bghU tot khwhk H cUthtij ghf KowJv UJ vthf gig g vd mwh?

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33 www.errsm.org


34/34

mQ mik

nta

6. wf FHh thit u gl csthW nfhk izjh.

nkY ma

Inorganic Chemistry P.L.Soni - Sultan Chand and Sons

izajsf

http://www.chem4kids.com/fles-atom-structure

http://www.world of teaching.com/powerpoints/atomic%20structure

hh // b h

d, nfhk mf mGjij bfhLFnghJ sF x juiyv, nfhk vd khwij brUjh x juTL.

7. m) vthff iw kW af MwYila bgaJffdh Mdit.

M) vthff fhjyjh yfkilwd.) vthff cUF th jik rhjJ my.

nkFLs thaf vit jtwhdit. jtwhd thafisrahf vGJf.

8. nfhol lfis uf.

m) _________ v RikilaJ.( vyuh/nuhlh)

M) nuhlh _________ Kid gf yfkilwJ. ne/v)

y braKiwfhd nahridf:

fhj mil (cardboard ), tlto btlgl tiujh (chartpaper),gir, gR, t w ngdh (Sketch pen), jr gH fUik w cyjij (myJ) fU kf bfhL jhr mQkhia cUthFf. mjghffis FL tF miw ghitF itf. nkY, mjDilasfij jUf.

www.errsm.org

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8th Mtaths samacheer complete tamil medium PART 5