8th Grade IV

7/27/2019 8th Grade IV

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ENGLISHPrepositions

Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also in frontof gerund verbs).

Even advanced learners of English find prepositions difficult, as a 1:1 translation is usually not

possible. One preposition in your native language might have several translations depending on the

situation.

There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is

looking them up in adictionary, reading a lot in English (literature) and learning useful phrases off by

heart (study tips).
http://www.ego4u.com/en/lingopadhttp://www.ego4u.com/en/lingopadhttp://www.ego4u.com/en/lingopadhttp://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/literaturehttp://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/literaturehttp://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/literaturehttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/learning/gap-fillinghttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/learning/gap-fillinghttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/learning/gap-fillinghttp://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/learning/gap-fillinghttp://www.ego4u.com/en/read-on/literaturehttp://www.ego4u.com/en/lingopad


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Prepositions Ending with Prepositions

When a question word is the object of a preposition, the preposition usually comes at the

end of the clause, especially in an informal style.

What are you looking for?(More natural than For what are looking?)

Who is this present for? (For whom is this present? is extremely formal.)

Who were you speaking to? (NOT To whom were you speaking?)Which pictures are you talking about?

What are you laughing at?

Who put the cat in?

Who turned the lights off?

Prepositions come at the end of clauses in indirect wh-questions and what-clauses which

are not questions.


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Tell me what you are looking for. (NOT Tell me for what you are looking.)

What a lot of trouble I have gotten into! (NOT Into what a lot of trouble I have gotten.)

Some questions consist of simply a question word and preposition.

What with?

Who for?

What about?

Note that this structure is unusual when there is a noun with the question word.

With what money? (NOT What money with?)

SCIENCESolar System

What Is The Solar System?

The Solar System is made up of

all the planets that orbit our Sun.

In addition to planets, the Solar

System also consists of moons,

comets, asteroids, minor planets,

and dust and gas.

Everything in the Solar System

orbits or revolves around the Sun.

The Sun contains around 98% of

all the material in the Solar

System.

The larger an object is, the more

gravity it has. Because the Sun is

so large, its powerful gravity

attracts all the other objects in

the Solar System towards it.

At the same time, these objects, which are moving very rapidly, try to fly away from the Sun, outward

into the emptiness of outer space. The result of the planets trying to fly away, at the same time that

the Sun is trying to pull them inward is that they become trapped half-way in between.

Balanced between flying towards the Sun, and escaping into space, they spend eternity orbiting

around their parent star.

How Did The Solar System form?

This is an important question, and one that is difficult for scientists to understand. After all, the creation

of our Solar System took place billions of years before there were any people around to witness it.

Our own evolution is tied closely to the evolution of the Solar System. Thus, without understanding

from where the Solar System came from, it is difficult to comprehend how mankind came to be.

Scientists believe that the Solar System evolved from a giant cloud of dust and gas. They believe that

this dust and gas began to collapse under the weight of its own gravity.

As it did so, the matter contained within this could begin moving in a giant circle, much like the water

in a drain moves around the center of the drain in a circle.


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The Solar System Has Over 100 Worlds

It is true that there are only eight planets. However, the Solar System is made up of over 100 worlds

that are every bit as fascinating. Some of these minor planets, and moons are actually larger than

the planet Mercury!

Others, such as Io, have active volcanoes. Europa has a liquid water ocean, while Titan has lakes,

rivers, and oceans of liquid Methane. You can read more about these amazing worlds by clickinghere.

The Asteroid Belt, The Kuiper Belt, And The Oort Cloud

You have probably heard about the Asteroid Belt. This band of asteroids sits between the orbits of the

planets Jupiter and Mars. It is made up of thousands of objects too small to be considered planets.

Some of them no larger than a grain of dust, while others, like Eros can be more than 100 miles across.

A few, like Ida, even have their own moons.

Further out, beyond the orbit of the minor planet Pluto, sits another belt known as the Kuiper Belt. Like

the Asteroid Belt, the Kuiper Belt is also made up of thousands, possibly even millions of objects too

small to be considered planets. A few of these objects, like Pluto, are large enough that their gravity

has pulled them into a sphere shape.

These objects are made out of mostly frozen gas with small amounts of dust. They are often called

dirty snowballs. However, you probably know them by their other name... comets.

SOCIALEngland

E ngland is acountrythat ispart oftheUnited Kingdom.

It shares land borders with:

North:Scotland,

West:Wales,

North-West: theIrish Sea,

South-West: theCeltic Sea

East:North Sea,

South:English Channel(separating it fromcontinental Europe).

England became a unified state in AD 927, and since theAge of Discovery, which began during the

15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world.

The Industrial Revolutionbegan in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first

industrializednation. England'sRoyal Societylaid the foundations of modern experimental science.

England National Day: April 23rd

London, England's capital, is the largest

metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the

largest urban zone in the European Unionby most

measures.
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Princess Diane

Diana, Princess of Wales (Diana Frances; neSpencer; 1 July 196131 August 1997) was the first wife

ofCharles, Prince of Wales, the eldest son andheir apparentofQueen Elizabeth II.

She was well known for her fund-raising work for international charities and as an eminent celebrity of

the late 20th century.

Herwedding to the Prince of Waleson 29 July 1981 was held atSt Paul's Cathedraland seen by a

global television audience of over 750 million.

While married she bore the titlesPrincess of Wales,Duchess of Cornwall,Duchess of

Rothesay,Countess of ChesterandBaroness of Renfrew.

The marriage produced two sons, the princesWilliamandHarry, who became second and third in

lineto the British throne.

Diana was born into an aristocratic English family with royal ancestry.

She was the fourth child ofJohn Spencer, 8th Earl Spencerand his wifeFrances, daughter ofMaurice

Roche, 4th Baron Fermoy.

She became a public figure with the announcement of her engagement. She also received

recognition for her charity work and for her support of theInternational Campaign to Ban Landmines.From 1989, she was the president of theGreat Ormond Street Hospitalfor children, in addition to

dozens of other charities.

Diana remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage, which ended

in divorce on 28 August 1996.

Media attention andpublic mourningwere considerable followingher death in a car crash in Parison

31 August 1997.
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MATH

Pie Chart

A pie chart (or a circle graph) is a circular chart divided into sectors, illustrating relative

magnitudesor frequencies. In a pie chart, the arc lengthof each sector and consequently

itscentral angleandarea, isproportionalto the quantity it represents

It is a really good way to show relative sizes: it is easy to see which movie types are most liked, and

which are least liked, at a glance.
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8th Grade IV