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INTERPRET THIS POLITICAL CARTOON

Spanishamericanwar 8th grade

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INTERPRET THIS POLITICAL CARTOON

Chapter 23, Section 2

War With SpainWar With Spain

• Why did tensions in Cuba lead Americans to call for war with Spain?

• How did Americans win a quick victory in the Spanish-American War?

• How did the United States gain and rule its new empire?

Spanish Empire (Once upon a time)Spanish Empire (Once upon a time)

Dominated by the Western Hemisphere, the Spanish Empire was the 3rd largest empire in World History (1st=British, 2nd=Mongol)

The Spanish Empire Before and After

The Spanish Empire Before and After

Spain’s Empire 1790’s Spain’s “Empire” 1898

Chapter 23, Section 2

Americans Call for War With Spain Over CubaAmericans Call for War With Spain Over Cuba

By the 1890s, Spain’s empire in the Western Hemisphere had shrunk to two islands in the Caribbean, Cuba and Puerto Rico.

Rebellion in Cuba• In 1868, the Cuban people rebelled aainst Spanish rule. The revolution was

crushed, and some revolutionaries fled to New York.• In New York, Puerto Rican-born Lola Rodríguez de Tió wrote poems, and José

Martí raised funds, gave speeches, and published a newspaper in support of Cuban independence.

• In 1895, Martí returned to Cuba. Rebels launched a new fight against Spain. Soon, they won control of much of the island.

• Spain sent a new governor, who used brutal tactics to crush the revolt. In a policy known as reconcentration, his men moved about half a million Cubans into detention camps so they could not aid the rebels.

• Americans worried about the revolt. Americans had money invested in plantations, railroads, tobacco, and iron mines in Cuba.

• American opinion split over whether or not to intervene in Cuba.

• So enter Social Media ( No NOT Facebook)to influence War Support

Chapter 23, Section 2

Americans Call for War With Spain Over CubaAmericans Call for War With Spain Over Cuba

Business leaders opposed American involvement. They didn’t want to do anything that might hurt foreign trade. Other Americans sympathized with Cuban desires for freedom.

Americans Call for War• The press whipped up American sympathies for the people of Cuba.

Joseph Pulitzer’s World and William Randolph Hearst’s Journal competed to print the most grisly stories about Spanish atrocities, or wartime acts of cruelty and brutality.

• To attract readers, Hearst and Pulitzer used yellow journalism, or reporting that relied on sensational stories and headlines. Often, these reports were biased or untrue. When a photographer told Hearst there was no war, Hearst supposedly replied, “You supply the pictures. I’ll supply the war.”

• President Grover Cleveland and his successor, William McKinley, tried to keep the country neutral.

Enter Yellow JournalismEnter Yellow Journalism

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

Remember the MaineRemember the Maine

• In 1898, fighting broke out in Havana, the Cuban capital. President McKinley sent the battleship Maine to protect American citizens and property there.

• On the night of February 15, as the Maine lay at anchor in Havana harbor, a huge explosion ripped through the ship. It killed at least 260 American sailors.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urtm4GpjFu4

Chapter 23, Section 2

Americans Call for War With Spain Over CubaAmericans Call for War With Spain Over Cuba

• The real cause of the explosion remains a mystery. But Pulitzer and Hearsts’s papers clamored for war. “Remember the Maine!” they cried.

• In the end, McKinley gave in to war fever. On April 25, 1898, Congress declared war on Spain.

Chapter 23, Section 2

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War

The Spanish-American War lasted only four months. The battlefront stretched from the Caribbean to the Philippine Islands.

The Philippines• Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt instructed

Commodore George Dewey, commander of the Pacific fleet, to prepare for war with Spain. As soon as war was declared, Dewey sailed his fleet to Manila, the main city of the Philippines. In the darkness on April 30, 1898, the fleet slipped into Manila harbor.

• The Spanish fleet was surprised. The Americans bombarded the Spanish ships. By noon, the Spanish fleet had been destroyed.

• By July, American ground troops had landed in the Philippines. Local people had been fighting for independence from Spain for years. With the help of Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, the American forces quickly captured Manila.

Chapter 23, Section 2

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War

War in Cuba• American troops landed in Cuba. The expedition was badly

organized.

• Theodore Roosevelt organized a volunteer unit, later called the Rough Riders. The Rough Riders joined regular troops in a battle to gain control of the San Juan Heights overlooking the Cuban city of Santiago.

Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough RidersTeddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War

• African American members of the 9th and 10th Cavalries, nicknamed Buffalo Soldiers, also played a role in the victory.

• Two days later, the Americans destroyed the Spanish fleet in Santiago Bay. The Spanish army in Cuba surrendered.

• In a separate action, American troops claimed Puerto Rico.

• On August 12, Spain and the United States agreed to end the fighting.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q60HQm4gMcQ

RECAPRECAP

• Refer back to this cartoon

RecapRecap

• William McKinley (1897 – 1901)• Spanish American War. – Made Teddy Roosevelt’s

Career Phillipino American War (1899 – 1902 )Teddy Roosevelt (1901 – 1909) Active involvement in Latin AmericaTaft ( 1909 – 1913) $$$ Dollar DiplomacyWoodrow Wilson (1913 – 1921) Idealist Condemned heavy handed foreign policy (yet) D.R and Haita. Sent two thousand soldiers to quell

Pancho Villa in the Mexican revolution.

Could all this foreign involvement be helped ???

THEREFORETHEREFORE