8E Atoms and Elements.ppt

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KS3 Chemistry

8EAtoms andElements


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8E Atoms and Elements

Elements in the periodic table

Summary activities

Chemical reactions

What are atoms and elements?

Symbols for elements

Contents

Making compounds


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How many different substances are there?

There are millionsof different substances!

What are they all made of?

How many

different substancescan you think of?


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All substances are made of atoms

All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.

hydrogenandoxygenatoms

carbonandhydrogenatoms

carbon, nitrogen,hydrogen, oxygenand sulphuratoms

iron, aluminium,silicon, oxygen

and boronatoms

Many substances are made up of different typesof atoms.


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What is an element?

All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.

The elements are the simplest substances in the universe.

The elements are the building blocks of all other substances.

copper

carbon

There are about one hundred substances that are made up

of justone type of atom. These are the elements.

helium


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An element is a substance made up of only one typeof atom.

Atoms in elements

Copperis anelement made up ofcopper atomsonly.

Carbonis anelement made up ofcarbon atomsonly.

Heliumis anelement made up ofhelium atomsonly.


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Atoms and molecules of elements

In some elements, the atoms are joined in groups of two ormore. A particle containing atoms grouped in this way is

called a molecule.

An element is a substance made up of only one typeof atom.

Other elements, that contain atoms joined in molecules are

hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine.

Oxygenis an

element made up ofoxygen atomsonly.

How many atoms

are there in an

oxygen molecule?


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Summary activities

Chemical reactions



Contents

Making compounds


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The symbol for many of the more common elements usesjust the first letter of the name.

Introducing chemical symbols

A standard set ofsymbolsisusedtorepresentelements:

hydrogenH =carbonC =

fluorineF =

oxygenO =nitrogenN =

Others elements have

the first two letters.

lithiumLi =aluminiumAl =heliumHe =

Some of the symbols are not

always as you might expect.

leadPb =goldAu =silverAg =

iodineI =


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Symbols as an international language



How to write symbols for elements

Two important rules should be followed when writing the

symbols of elements so that there is no confusion.

1. The first letter of an elements symbol is always

a capital letter.

2. If there are two letters in the elements symbol,

the second letter is always a small letter.

e.g.N(notn)fornitrogen

e.g.Co(notCO)forcobalt

No, Watson! It wascarbon monoxide

poisoningnot cobalt.



Chemical symbols game



The Story of The Kid



1. Board game: carbon,helium, two sulphurs

2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen

3. Fuel:carbon, oxygen, aluminium

4. Group of fish:sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen,

aluminium

5. For the rubbish:boron, iodine, nitrogen

CHeSS

SON

COAl

SHOAl

BIN

Spelling with symbols activity

Write down the symbols for each element listed and

use these to spell out a word that matches the clue.



In some elements, the atoms are joined together and

form molecules. Combining the symbols of the atoms

in a molecule gives you the formula of the molecule.

What is the formula for the molecules in each element?

Symbols for molecules of elements

nitrogen

oxygen

N2

O2 There aregroups of

two atoms

in eachmolecule.





Summary activities

Chemical reactions



Contents

Making compounds



Arranging elements



antimony (Sb)

Is this elementa or a ?

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

AsFeFe

Mg SPMg SP

CuCu

metal non-metal

IISb

Hard tosay!

Sb

Metal or non-metal?

iodine (I)iron (Fe)copper (Cu)phosphorus (P)sulfur (S)magnesium (Mg)



Metals and non-metals in the periodic table

The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which

are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.

Non-metals aremostly on the right.

Metals are on theleft and in the centre.

What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?

Xe

f



Types of elements in the periodic table

M t l t l t ll id?



Metal, non-metal or metalloid?

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

As

silicon (Si) metalloidfrancium (Fr) metalscandium (Sc) metalkrypton (Kr) non-metalcobalt (Co) metal

What are

metalloids?

Which sideare the non-

metals on?

Which sideare the

metals on?

Metalloids sometimesbehave like metals and

sometimes like non-metals.

Metals are onthe left and in

the centre.

Non-metalsare mostly

on the right.

C t t





Summary activities

Chemical reactions



Contents

Making compounds

C bi i l t



Combining elements

How is possible to have so many different materials from

a limited number of elements?

C bi i l t



Combining elements

How do you get so many

different cheeses?

What is the key ingredient

in all cheeses?

Milk is combined with a

small number of ingredientsunder different conditions to

make a huge number of

different cheeses.

In a similar way, a small number of elements can be

combined in many different ways to make a huge

number of different compounds.

Wh t i d?



What is a compound?

A compoundis the substance produced when two or more

elements combine in a chemical reaction.

A compound is always made up of two or more

different types of atom.

Two elements, hydrogen (H)

and oxygen (O),combine to

make the compound, water.

Which two elements combine

to make the compound

carbon dioxide?

M ki d b di id



Making a compoundcarbon dioxide

A compound has very different properties to the elements

from which it is made.

carbon dioxide

A colourless gaswhich is used

to put out fires.

to make

carbon

A black solidwhich can be

used as a fuel.

combines

with

compoundelementsoxygen

A colourless gaswhich is essential

for life.

M ki d t



Making a compoundwater

What are the elements which make up water?

In what ways are the elements different to their compound?

to makecombines

with

compoundelements

water

A liquid which isessential to our

lives and has many

different uses.

hydrogen

A colourless gaswhich is used in

hot air balloons.

A colourless gaswhich is essential

for life.

oxygen

Element or compo nd?



Element or compound?



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Contents


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Summary activities

Chemical reactions



Contents

Making compounds

Chemical reaction to make water


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Chemical reaction to make water

Elements combine with each other to make new substances

called compounds.

In a chemical reaction new substances are formed.

hydrogen

Thesubstanceswhichcombinein areactionarethereactants.

The new substances produced in a reaction are the products.

Compounds can also combine with elements or other

The products have different properties to the reactants fromwhich they are formed.

water

compounds to make new compounds.

+

oxygen

Atoms joining in a chemical reaction


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When the two elements, hydrogen and oxygen, combine in a

chemical reaction,

Atoms joining in a chemical reaction

In a chemical reaction, the atoms in the reactants

become joined in different ways and this is how

new substances are formed.

hydrogen oxygen water+

+H H

H HO O

the hydrogen and oxygen atoms do not

just mix together they become joined to one another.

Contents


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Summary activities

Chemical reactions



Contents

Making compounds

Glossary


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Glossary

atomThe smallest particle that can exist on its own.

compoundSubstance made up of two or moredifferent elements that are chemically joined together.

elementSubstance made up of only one type of atom.

formulaThe symbols and numbers that represent theatoms in a substance.

moleculeTwo or more atoms that are chemically joinedtogether.

periodic tableTable in which all known elements arearranged based on their properties.

symbolOne or two letters that represent an element.

Anagrams


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Anagrams

Multiple choice quiz


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Multiple-choice quiz

Documents

8E Atoms and Elements.ppt