8.1 Identify the causes of World War II (i.e., Treaty of Versailles, fascism, failure of the League of Nations, Japanese imperialism, economic worldwide

8.1 Identify the causes of World War II (i.e., Treaty of Versailles, fascism, failure of the League of Nations, Japanese imperialism, economic worldwide difficulties).

• Treaty of Versailles- The treaty barred Germany from maintaining an army. It required Germany to return the region of Alsace- Lorraine to France and to pay reparations to the Allies. Nine new nations were established and the boundaries of other nations were shifted.


• Fascism-Stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals. The leader, Mussolini, gradually extended Fascist control to every aspect of Italian life.

8.1 Identify the causes of World War II (i.e., Treaty of Versailles, fascism, failure of the League of Nations, Japanese imperialism, economic worldwide difficulties).• So why did the League of Nations fail?

– Not all major countries joined• The United States never became a member. The

League was flawed from the start - without every powerful nation being a member it would lack importance.

– Members preferred to look after their own interests

• Britain and France were often unwilling to get involved in League affairs, preferring to make sure their national interest was defended.

– It had no armed forces• With member states unwilling to provide soldiers,

the LON never had an army - its only weapon was sanctions.

– It was unable to stop aggression by major powers• Japan, then Italy were able to get away with

invasions of other countries. This made the League appear powerless. This meant Germany could consider breaking the Treaty of Versailles.


• Japanese Imperialism- These leaders shared in common with Hitler a belief in the need for more living space for a growing population. Ignoring the protests of more moderate Japanese officials, the militarists launched a surprise attack and seized control of the Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into the war.


• Economic Worldwide Difficulties - Roosevelt created the Office of Price Administration. The War Production Board decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production and allocated raw materials to key industries. The OPA set up a system for rationing or establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military.

8.2 Recognize the negative patterns of an economic cycle (i.e., increase of unemployment, decrease of price level, excess inventory, decrease of production, prepossession, increase of business failure, and bankruptcy).• How does overproduction led to a

depression?– Overproduction makes prices fall, which

costs the overproducing company to lose money and lay off workers, who then cannot spend any money to support other companies.

• What happened to the stock market in 1929?

– The stock market crashed in 1929, people bought stock on credit, and they were left with huge debts.

– Price levels in the stock market decreased after a lot of debts.

• Was unemployment high in the 1920s?

– Unemployment was very high because young kids were coming into the work force.

8.2 Recognize the negative patterns of an economic cycle (i.e., increase of unemployment, decrease of price level, excess inventory, decrease of production, prepossession, increase of business failure, and bankruptcy).• What was the effect of

overproduction on farmers?– In the 1920s, excess inventory in

America’s agricultural sector led to the decrease of prices. The boost of production contributed to the farmers’ debt and to the Great Depression by causing a crisis in the farm sector.

• Why were most people losing their jobs in the 1920s?– The Great Depression led to a

dramatic increase in unemployment and business failure. Many businesses went bankrupt during this time. The Dust Bowl also left farmers and sharecroppers poor and homeless. They responded by migrating west.

8.2 Recognize the negative patterns of an economic cycle (i.e., increase of unemployment, decrease of price level, excess inventory, decrease of production, prepossession, increase of business failure, and bankruptcy).• Recognize the negative

patterns of the economic cycle.

• Overproduction...excess inventory...falling prices...layoffs...unemployment...decreased spending...businesses fail...bankruptcy...more layoffs...less spending...and so on.

8.2 Recognize the negative patterns of an economic cycle (i.e., increase of unemployment, decrease of price level, excess inventory, decrease of production, prepossession, increase of business failure, and bankruptcy).• Fact 1- The increase in

unemployment was caused by the decrease in the need of older less demanded businesses (mines, lumber, railroads) because of new forms of transportation and construction. Also, the housing market began to fall. Whenever housing starts to fall so do jobs because of its relation with so many industries.

• Fact 2- A decrease in price levels occurred because of the overproduction of goods and crops during the war.

8.2 Recognize the negative patterns of an economic cycle (i.e., increase of unemployment, decrease of price level, excess inventory, decrease of production, prepossession, increase of business failure, and bankruptcy).• Fact 3- Farmers boosted

production on land with equipment that was loaned. When the war was over and the demand for crops overseas declined, they were left with an excess amount of inventory.

• Fact 4- Many businesses invested money in the stock market; its crash on Black Tuesday signaled the true beginning of the Great Depression, starting with an increase in business failures.

8.2 Recognize the negative patterns of an economic cycle (i.e., increase of unemployment, decrease of price level, excess inventory, decrease of production, prepossession, increase of business failure, and bankruptcy).• Fact 5- During the Great

Depression, approximately 90,000 businesses went bankrupt.

• Fact 6- The rate of inflation increases as interest rates increase.

• Fact 7- In a recession, unemployment rates rise while both production and consumer spending fall. Business activity decreases.

8.3 Recognize the definitions of totalitarianism, fascism, communism, nationalism, and anti-Semitism.

• Totalitarianism is when the government has complete control over the lives of the citizens.

• Fascism is a political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator.

• Communism is an economic and political system based on one party government and state ownership of property.


• The United States is a democracy.

• Nationalism is a devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation.

• Anti-Semitism is the dislike and often discrimination of Jews.


What could one be convicted of if they joined unions?

Communism

What leader was considered to be Anti-Semitic?

Hitler

How is nationalism practiced?

By protecting one’s interests.

To what kind of government can totalitarianism be compared?

Dictatorship

A mix of nationalism and totalitarianism could be called_____.

Fascism

8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl (i.e., Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, migrations, worldwide economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932, widespread poverty, unemployment, religious revivalism).• The Dust Bowl was a draught that began

in the early 1930s. One windstorm picked up millions of tons of dust from the plains and carried it to the east coast.

• The Dust Bowl occurred in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico and Colorado.

• Plagues by dust storms and evictions, thousands of farmers and sharecroppers left their land behind. They packed up their families and their few belongings and headed west, following Route 66 to California. By the end of the 1930’s hundreds of thousands of farm families had migrated to California and other Pacific Coast states.

8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl (i.e., Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, migrations, worldwide economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932, widespread poverty, unemployment, religious revivalism).• Migrants were also called Okies – a term

that originally referred to Oklahomans, but came to be used negatively for all migrants.

• Unemployment rose to 25%.• In cities across the country, people lost their

jobs, were evicted from their homes and ended up in homeless shelters.

• During the Great Depression, 300,000 transients wandered the country, hitching rides on railroad boxcars and sleeping under bridges.

• Hoover became known as one of the worst presidents.

• Not everyone was harmed by the Depression.

8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl (i.e., Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, migrations, worldwide economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932, widespread poverty, unemployment, religious revivalism).• In the election of 1932, the Democrats

were victorious, and FDR became president after Hoover.

• Buying on margin and using credit to people’s advantage made the world go broke.

• Many people panicked and tried to draw their money out but the banks shut down.

• People were so demoralized by hard times that they lost their will to survive and the suicide rate increased.

• The Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act established the highest protective tariff in U.S. history.

8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl (i.e., Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, migrations, worldwide economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932, widespread poverty, unemployment, religious revivalism).

• Many farmers overproduced and could not sell their crops.

• The protestant movement grounded in a literal, or non-symbolic, interpretation of the Bible was known as Fundamentalism.

8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl (i.e., Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, migrations, worldwide economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932, widespread poverty, unemployment, religious revivalism).• The Bonus Army lead by Walter

Waters was a group of World War I veterans and their families who marched to Washington D.C. to demand the immediate payment of a bonus they had been promised for military service.

• The Bonus Army was denied the money. When they wouldn’t leave General MacArthur used tear gas, fire, and bayonets to get them to move.

• In 1932 Hoover had mistaken the Bonus Army for communists and criminals, so he denied the Patman Bill. This ruined Hoover’s image and contributed to FDR’s victory.

8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl (i.e., Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, migrations, worldwide economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932, widespread poverty, unemployment, religious revivalism).What was one of the causes of the Great Depression?

An uneven distribution of income.

Who was the president during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl?

Herbert Hoover

What was the rate of unemployment during the Great Depression?

25%

What president took action and how?

Franklin Roosevelt. He promoted the New Deal.

8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl (i.e., Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, migrations, worldwide economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932, widespread poverty, unemployment, religious revivalism).What was the purpose of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act?

Protected American farmers and manufacturers from foreign competition.

What were the little towns that were built of shacks called?

Shantytowns

What caused the Dust Bowl?

Winds, draught, and overproduction of land

Were women allowed jobs?

Yes

8.4 Identify the changes in social and cultural life caused by the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl (i.e., Hoovervilles, Bonus Army, migrations, worldwide economic depression, Democrat victory in 1932, widespread poverty, unemployment, religious revivalism).What did Shantytowns become known as?

Americans showed their disgust towards President Hoover by calling them Hoovervilles.

What kinds of hardships did children face during the Great Depression?

Serious health problems, malnutrition, and diet-related diseases.

Why did many people lose their savings accounts?

Banks failed or closed, and the government did not protect or insure bank accounts.

Did everyone become poor?

No

8.5 Interpret a timeline of major events from World War II.• 1931

– Japan invades Manchuria.

• 1932– Nazi party becomes powerful in

Germany.

• 1933– First concentration camp opens.– Hitler becomes dictator of

Germany.

• 1935– Nuremberg laws against Jews in

Germany.– Italian troops invade Ethiopia.

• 1936– Germany and Italy form the Axis.

• 1937– Japan invades China.

8.5 Interpret a timeline of major events from World War II.• 1938

– Kristallnacht, arrest of 20,000 Jews.

• 1939– Germany invades Poland.– Britain and France declare war.

• 1940– France surrenders.

• 1941– Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.– United States enters WWII.– Hitler invades the Soviet Union.

• 1942– Final Solution– Japanese Americans are sent to

relocation centers.

8.5 Interpret a timeline of major events from World War II.

• 1944– D-Day– Allies launch a massive

invasion of Europe.

• 1945– Nazis retreat after Battle of

the Bulge.– May 1945 – V-E Day – Victory

in Europe Day.– August 1945 – V-J Day -

Japan surrenders after atomic bomb. The war finally ends.

– Roosevelt died; Truman became president.

8.6 Identify New Deal Programs/Initiatives (i.e. Social Security, WPA, TVA, Indian Reorganization Act, FDIC, CCC, Wagner/Fair Labor Standards' Act).• The National Youth

Administration provided student aid to high school, college, and graduate students 18-25 building roads, and parks.

• The Wagner Act reestablished the NIRA provision of collective bargaining.

• The Social Security Act had 3 parts: insurance for retirees 65+, employment compensation system, and aid to families and the disabled.

• The Emergency Banking Relief Act stressed that banks were to be inspected by Treasury Department then reopened if stable.

8.6 Identify New Deal Programs/Initiatives (i.e. Social Security, WPA, TVA, Indian Reorganization Act, FDIC, CCC, Wagner/Fair Labor Standards' Act).• The Tennessee Valley Authority

harnessed water power to generate electricity and to help prevent disastrous floods in the Tennessee Valley.

• The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation provided insurance for the first time on bank accounts up to $5,000.

• The National Industrial Recovery Act provided money to states to create jobs chiefly in construction of schools and other buildings.

• The Home Owners Loan Corporation provided government loans to homeowners who faced foreclosure.

8.6 Identify New Deal Programs/Initiatives (i.e. Social Security, WPA, TVA, Indian Reorganization Act, FDIC, CCC, Wagner/Fair Labor Standards' Act).

• The Works Progress Administration quickly created as many jobs as possible.

• The WPA spent $11 billion to give jobs to more than 8 million workers.

• The WPA produced public works of lasting value to the nation and gave working people a sense of hope and purpose.

• The Wagner Act prohibited unfair labor practices such as threatening workers, fining union members, and interfering with union organizing.


• The Social Security Act provided a pension for retired workers and their spouses and aided people with disabilities.

• The Banking Act of 1935 created a seven-member board to regulate the nation’s money supply and the interest rates on loans.

• The Federal Securities Act required corporations to provide complete information on all transactions in the stock market.

• The Fair Labor Standards Act created a minimum hourly wage and a maximum workweek for the entire country.


Why was the CCC different from other employment groups?

They provided jobs for young single males.

What is the purpose of the FDIC?

To insure bankers’ money in federal banks.

What provided aid for farmers and regulated crop production?

Agricultural Adjustment Act

What was significant about the Wagner Act?

It defined unfair labor practices.


Who did the Social Security Administration help support?

Retired workers and people with disabilities.

What was Black Tuesday?

The day the stock market really crashed.

What program was created from the Glass-Stegall Act?

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

What two programs of the New Deal were ruled unconstitutional?

The Agricultural Adjustment Act and the National Industrial Recovery Act


The National Labor Relations Act was also known as_____.

The Wagner Act established the NLRB to settle disputes between employers and workers.

What program protected the workers’ rights to join unions?

The Wagner Act

What program gave youths part-time jobs while in school?

National Youth Administration

What were the accomplishments of the Civilian Conservation Corps?

Planting over 3 billion trees, creating over 800 state parks, and building more than 46,000 bridges.

8.6 Identify New Deal Programs/Initiatives (i.e. Social Security, WPA, TVA, Indian Reorganization Act, FDIC, CCC, Wagner/Fair Labor Standards' Act).What was Hoover’s one big accomplishment during the Depression still useful today?

Boulder Dam

Why were women resented for working?

People believed women should not be working if men had no jobs.

What effect did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation have on the banking industry?

The FDIC provided insurance on bank accounts up to $5,000.

What established a minimum hourly wage and a maximum number of hours in the workweek for the entire country?

Fair Labor Standards Act

8.7 Recognize World War II alliances

• Allied Powers:– United States

• Entered the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor

• Ended war by dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima, Okinawa

• Developed the first atomic bomb with the Manhattan project.

– Britain• Was repeatedly bombed by

Germany

• Had a prestigious air force

• 1st alliance with the United States

– Soviet Union• Had the most casualties

• Won the most crucial battle at Stalingrad

– China– France

8.7 Recognize World War II alliances

• Axis Powers:– Germany

• Controlled by Hitler• Killed over 6 million Jews in

the Holocaust• Most dangerous Axis power

– Italy• Controlled by Mussolini• Established the Fascist party• Nicknamed the “black shirts”

– Japan• The last country to surrender• Finally gave up after the

atomic bombs were dropped on them

• The military was controlled by Hideki Tojo

8.8 Analyze how World War II affected the American economy (i.e., women in the workforce, movement to urban centers, minority employment, post war G.I.Bill, rationing, childcare).

• Women in the workforce:1. 1/3 of the jobs were in defense plant (more challenging, better pay).

2. Many women took the “man jobs” when the men left for war.

3. During the war, the percentage of women working rose to 35%.


• Movement to urban centers:1. Towns with defense industries saw their populations double and even triple, sometimes overnight.

2. African Americans moved north in record numbers.


• Minority employment:1. Between 1940 and 1944 the percentage of African Americans working in skilled or semiskilled jobs rose from 16% to 30%.

2. Discrimination presented tough hurdles.


• Post war G.I. Bill:1. Guaranteed veterans a year’s worth of unemployment benefits.

2. Offered low-interest loans.

3. Many veterans used benefits to buy homes and farms to establish businesses.


• Rationing:– 1. Fixed allotments of

goods deemed essential for the military.

– 2. Households received ration books with coupons to be used for buying such scarce goods as meat, sugar, coffee, shoes, or gasoline.


• Childcare:1. Families were encouraged to allow their children to express themselves.

2. During the decade, 10 million new students entered elementary schools.

3. Different family members had to provide childcare for the kids due to the fact that there were no longer stay-at-home moms.

8.9 Recognize the effect of the New Deal and World War II on Tennessee (i.e, the creation of Fort Campbell the Clarksville Base, Tennessee Valley Authority, Secretary of State Cordell Hull, Oak Ridge).• The New Deal focused on relief

for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform.

• The New Deal caused congress to pass more than 15 major pieces of legislation to help the economy.

• The New Deal significantly expanded the federal government’s role in the nation’s economy.

• The New Deal provided work projects, food, clothing, and shelter.

8.9 Recognize the effect of the New Deal and World War II on Tennessee (i.e, the creation of Fort Campbell the Clarksville Base, Tennessee Valley Authority, Secretary of State Cordell Hull, Oak Ridge).

• Fort Campbell is where the 10th Airborne is located.

• Oak Ridge is one of three sited of the Manhattan Project.

• Cordell Hull was Secretary of State under Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to construct the United Nations.


What was the New Deal supposed to do?

Alleviate the problems of the Great Depression.

Whose program was it?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s.

Why did the courts strike some acts down as unconstitutional?

Some acts gave unnecessary powers to certain groups and the courts believed that one group could not be taxed to help another.


• What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the REA do?

• AAA-aided farmers and regulated crop production

• TVA-developed the resources of the Tennessee Valley – constructed dams and power plants along the Tennessee River; helped the region through flood and navigation control, the conservation of natural resources, and the generation of electric power

• REA-provided affordable electricity for isolated rural areas

8.10 Evaluate the impact of the Manhattan Project. (i.e., the creation of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, nuclear proliferation, espionage, ethical debate, medical experimentation, Nagasaki, Hiroshima).

• Manhattan Project– A United States program that

developed the atomic bomb during World War II.

– J. Robert Oppenheimer – Led the development of the atomic bomb

– In Nagasaki and Hiroshima, (Japan) the atomic bomb was dropped to convince the Japanese to surrender.

– Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tennessee) was created as part of the Manhattan Project; the mission in Oak Ridge was to separate and produce uranium and plutonium to develop a nuclear weapon.

8.11 Interpret a political cartoon involving the New Deal.

• New Deal1. A program designed to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression.

2. It focused on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform.

3. The phrase “New Deal” came from a campaign speech in which Roosevelt had promise “a new deal for the American people.”


• New Deal4. This program was designed by a group of advisers called the Brain Trust.

5. In regulating the banks, Congress passed the Glass- Steagall Act, which established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

6. The FDIC provided federal insurance for individual bank accounts, reassuring millions of bank customers.


Interpretation

Congress was giving the broom to FDR -giving FDR the power to provide sweeping changes (broad new ideas to solve Depression). The people in the background are Uncle Sam and the U.S. – happy with the changes.

Documents

8.1 Identify the causes of World War II (i.e., Treaty of Versailles, fascism, failure of the League of Nations, Japanese imperialism, economic worldwide