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8/20/2019 8-formworks and scaffoldings-sarajevo.pdf
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International Burch university
Architecture departmentSarajevo
Course : Building Construction Technology I
Date : xx / xx / xxxx
LECTURE NO.6
INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING MATERIALS
Building Construction Technology I
Professor : Prof.dr.Nerman Rustempasic
Assistant : M.Sc. Ahmed El Sayed
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GENERAL
For the different construction activities like Brick work above 5 ft
Surface finishing works like plastering, painting, walling etc.
Renovation, repair and alteration works.
Roof and slab pouring
Some temporary nature supports and structures are required like
Formwork (Supporting Structure)
Scaffoldings (arrangement for working plate forms)
Shoring (supporting method for unsafe structure)
Underpinning (Method of strengthening an existing
structure’s footing)
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Definitions
Its is an artificial support provided below and around the precast or cast insitueconcrete work
FORMWORKS
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FORM WORK
Definition
Qualities of formwork Types of formwork
Formwork detail for different structural members
Removal of formwork
Maintenance of formwork
Cost of formwork
Advantages of steel form work
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DEFINITION
Its is an artificial support provided below and around theprecast or cast insitue concrete work.
Formwork is commonly made of
Steel
wood
Formwork construction & casting is of prime importance inconcrete industry. It share a significant amount of concrete
cost.
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QUALITIES OF FORMWORK
It should be water tight
It should be strong
It can be reusable
Its contact surface should be uniform
It should be according to the size of member.
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TYPES OF FORMWORK
Formwork are mainly of two types Steel formwork
Wooden formwork
Steel formwork is made of steel sheets
Angle Iron Tee Iron
Wooden formwork consists of Props
Planks battens
Ledgers
sheeting
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FORMWORK DETAIL FOR DIFFERENT
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
In concrete construction formwork is commonly
provided for the following structural members. Foundations
Wall
Column
Slabs & beams
Stairs
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FORMWORK FOR FOUNDATIONS
Wall foundations
It consists of
Plywood Sheeting
Struts
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FORMWORK FOR FOUNDATIONS
ColumnFoundations
It consists of
Side Supports
Side Planks
Cleats
Side SupportSide Planks
Cleats
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FORMWORK FOR WALL
It consists of
Timber sheeting Vertical posts
Horizontal members
Rackers
Stakes
Wedges
After completing one
side of formwork
reinforcement is
provided at the place
then the second side
formwork is provided.
Vertical Posts
Struts
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FORMWORK FOR COLUMN
It consists of the
following
Side & End Planks
Yoke
Nut & Bolts
Two end & two side
planks are joined bythe yokes and bolts.
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FORMWORK FOR SLABS BEAMS
It consists of
Sole plates Wedges
Props
Head tree
Planks
Batten
Ledgers
Beam formwork restson head tree
Slab form work restson battens and joists
If prop height are morethan 8’ provide
horizontal braces.
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LINTEL OR BEAM FORMWORK
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FORMWORK FOR STAIRS
It consists of
Vertical & inclined
posts
Inclined members
Wooden Planks or
sheeting Stringer
Riser Planks
Riser Planks
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REMOVAL OF FORMWORK
Time of formwork removal depends on the
following factors1. Type of Cement
1. Rapid hardening cements require lesser time as
compared to OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement)2. Ratio of concrete mix
1. Rich ratio concrete gain strength earlier as
compared to weak ratio concrete.
3. Weather condition1. Hydration process accelerates in hot weather
conditions as compared to cold and humid
weather conditions.
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TIME OF REMOVAL OF FORMWORK
Sr.
No Structural Member
OPC(Ordinary Portland
Cement)
Rapid
HardeningCement
1 Beam sides, walls & Columns 2-3 Days 2 Days
2 Slab (Vertical Supports remains intact) 4 Days 3 Days
3 Slab (Complete Formwork removal) 10 Days 5 Days
4Beams (Removal of Sheeting, Props
remains intact) 8 Days 5 Days
5 Beams & Arches (Complete
formwork removal) (up to 6 m span)14 Days 5-8 Days
6
Beams & Arches (Complete
formwork removal) (more than 6 m span)
21 Days 8-10 Days
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MAINTENANCE OF FORMWORK
Due to continuous use wooden planks & steel plates
surfaces become uneven and require maintenance. For wooden formwork use cardboard or plastic fiber
board. Bolt hole places must also be repaired.
For steel formwork plates must be leveled by malletand loose corners must be welded.
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COST OF FORMWORK
For normal works cost of formwork is about30 -40 of the concrete cost.
For special works cost of formwork is about50 -60 of the concrete cost.
Formwork cost is controlled by the followingfactors Formwork Material cost
Formwork erecting cost Formwork removal cost
Formwork jointing cost (Nails and Cables)
Labor charges.
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ADVANTAGES OF STEEL FORM WORK
It can be used for a no. of times.
It is non absorbent.
Smooth finish surface obtained.
No shrinkage of formwork occurs. Easy to use.
Its volume is less
Its strength is more.
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Definitions
It’s a temporary structure to provide a platform at different levels of a building for
workers and Materials.
SCAFFOLDING
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TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
Following are the types of scaffolds
1. Single Scaffolds
2. Double Scaffolds
3. Ladder Scaffolds
4. Cantilever Scaffolds
5. Suspended Scaffolds
6. Steel or Tubular Scaffolds
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DEFINITION
Scaffold
It is the temporary support system provided for theconstruction & maintenance purposes.
It consists of supports and a working platform for
workers and Materials. Scaffolding
Method of construction of scaffolds is called
scaffolding.
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SINGLE SCAFFOLDS
It consists of Standards (v
posts)(10 cm)
Putlogs (7.5 x 7.5) Ledgers (
Wooden boards
BracesUsed for ordinarybuildings
1.2 m
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DOUBLE SCAFFOLDS
It consists of
Two rows of standards.
15 cm, 1.5 m Shores are provided.
Used for superiorworks
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LADDER SCAFFOLDS
It consists of
Brackets forPlate form.
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CANTILEVER SCAFFOLDS
It consists of
Cantilever
Struts
Standards
Putlogs
Plate forms
It is used aboveground level
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SUSPENDED SCAFFOLDS
It consists of Ropes
Working platforms
Ropes can be raisedManually ormechanically
Used for light
construction andfinishing works ofmultistory buildings.
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STEEL OR TUBULAR SCAFFOLDS
It consists of
Steel tubes (1-1/2” – 2-1/2” diameter)Coupler or Clamps (to hold pipes in different
positions)
Prop nuts (to hold single pipes)
Bolts, Nuts & washers
Wedge & Clip
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SCAFFOLD PIPES
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COUPLER OR CLAMPS
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SCAFFOLD FITTINGS
Double Coupler
It joins ledgers and standards.
Swivel Coupler Composed of two single couplers and used to join two scaffolds at any
angle.
Putlog Coupler
Used to join putlogs with transom.
Base Plate Used at the base of the standards.
Split joint Pin
It’s a connection fitting used to join scaffold tubes.
Reveal Pin It fit in to the end of a tube to form an adjustable strut.
Putlog end
A flat plate used at the end of a scaffold to convert it in to a putlog.
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SCAFFOLD FITTINGS
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SCAFFOLD FITTINGS
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PROP NUTS, CLAMP AND FASTENERS
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WEDGE & CLIP
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WEB LINKS FOR SCAFFOLDING
http://www.advancescaffold.com/international-standard.html
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Definitions
It is the method of providing temporary support (shores) to an unsafe structure.
SHORING
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SHORING
Definition
It is the method of providing temporary support(shores) to an unsafe structure.
Types of Shoring
Horizontal shoring or flying shoring
Vertical shoring or dead shoring
Inclined Shoring or flying shoring
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HORIZONTAL SHORING
It consists ofHorizontal
beam or strut
Wall plates
Cleats
Strainingbeams
Used to
support twoadjacentbuildings.
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SINGLE FLYING SHORING
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DOUBLE FLYING SHORING
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VERTICAL SHORING
It consists of
Deadshores
Sole plates
Needles Props
Used for
rebuilding ofwalls.
DEAD OR VERTICAL
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SHORING
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INCLINED SHORING
It consists of
RackersNeedles
Cleats
Braces Sole plate
Used to
strengthen awall.
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INCLINED OR RAKING SHORING
INCLINED OR RAKING SHORING
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(UNSYMMETRICAL)
RAKING SHORING DETAILS
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RAKING SHORING DETAILS
RAKING SHORING DETAILS
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RAKING SHORING DETAILS
INCLINED
SHORING OR
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SHORING OR
RAKING SHORING
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THANK YOU