7.Labor Relations Law

7/24/2019 7.Labor Relations Law

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PRE-WEEK NOTES

ON THE 2013 BAR EXAMINATION IN LABOR LAW

y: Prof. Joselito Guianan Chan

(These Notes,consisting of 8 parts, are supplementary to the authors book entitled 2012 Bar Reviewer on Labor Law)

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PART SEVEN

LABOR RELATIONS LAW

A. RIGHT TO SEL!ORGA"I#ATO".

$. %ho &ay unioni'e for (ur(oses of )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin,- ! The folloin, are eli,i+le to /oin0

for& or assist a la+or or,ani'ation:

a. All (ersons e&(loye1 in )o&&er)ial0 in1ustrial an1 a,ri)ultural enter(rises 2

+. E&(loyees of reli,ious0 )harita+le0 &e1i)al or e1u)ational institutions0 hether o(eratin,

for (ro3t or not2

). Alien e&(loyeesith *ali1 or4in, (er&its ho are nationals of a )ountry hi)h ,rants the

sa&e ri,ht to self!or,ani'ation to ili(ino )iti'ens as )erti3e1 +y the Phili((ine 5e(art&ent of

orei,n A6airs 75A8 or hi)h has rati3e1 eitherILO Con*ention "o. 9[1] or ILO Con*ention "o.

;9.[2]

1. irst!line &ana,ers orsu(er*isors. < or (ur(oses of /oinin, a union0 there are three 7=8

4in1s of &ana,erial e&(loyees: 7$8 To( >ana,ers2 7?8 >i11le >ana,ers2 an1 78 irst!Line

>ana,ers or Su(er*isors. Only irst!Line >ana,ers or su(er*isory e&(loyees &ay for& their

on union. They are0 hoe*er0 not alloe1 to +e)o&e &e&+ers of a ran4!an1!3le union. In

)ase of &i@e1 &e&+ershi(of su(er*isors an1 ran4!an1!3le e&(loyees in one union0 the ne

rule enun)iate1 in Arti)le ?!A of the La+or Co1e is that it )annot +e in*o4e1 as a ,roun1 for

the )an)ellation of the re,istration of the union. The e&(loyees so i&(ro(erly in)lu1e1 are

auto&ati)ally 1ee&e1 re&o*e1 fro& the list of &e&+ers of the union +y o(eration of la.

e. E&(loyees of ,o*ern&ent!one1 or )ontrolle1 )or(orations ithout ori,inal

)hartersesta+lishe1 un1er the Cor(oration Co1e2

f. In the ,o*ern&ent se)tor0 all ran4!an1!3le e&(loyees of all +ran)hes0 su+1i*isions0

instru&entalities0 an1 a,en)ies of ,o*ern&ent0 in)lu1in, ,o*ern&ent!one1 an1or )ontrolle1

)or(orations ith ori,inal )harters 0 )an for&0 /oin or assist e&(loyeesD or,ani'ations of their

on )hoosin, for the furtheran)e an1 (rote)tion of their interests.[3]
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E&(loyees ho are alloe1 to or,ani'e a la+or or,ani'ation only for &utual ai1 an1

(rote)tion +ut not for )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, (ur(oses. ! Ambulant, intermittent and other

workers, the self-employed, rural workers and those without any denite employers&ay for&

la+or or,ani'ations for their &utual ai1 an1 (rote)tion an1 other le,iti&ate

(ur(oses e@)e(t)olle)ti*e +ar,ainin,. The reason for this rule is that these (ersonsha*e no e&(loyers to )olle)ti*ely +ar,ain ith.

Any e&(loyee0 hether e&(loye1 for a 1e3nite (erio1 or not0 shall0 +e,innin, on the 3rst

1ay of his ser*i)e0 +e eli,i+le for &e&+ershi( in any la+or or,ani'ation.

?. %ho )annot for&0 /oin or assist la+or or,ani'ations.< The folloin, are not alloe1 to

unioni'e:

a. To( >ana,ers an1>i11le >ana,ers. e&+ers of the Ar&e1 or)es of the Phili((ines2

). Poli)e o)ers2

1. Poli)e&en2

e. ire&en2 an1

f. Jail ,uar1s.

. ar,ainin, unit. < It refers to a ,rou( of e&(loyees sharin, &utual interests ithin a ,i*en

e&(loyer unit0 )o&(rise1 of all or less than all of the entire +o1y of e&(loyees in the e&(loyer


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unit or any s(e)i3) o))u(ational or ,eo,ra(hi)al ,rou(in, ithin su)h e&(loyer unit. It &ay also

refer to the ,rou( or )luster of /o+s or (ositions ithin the e&(loyerDs esta+lish&ent that su((orts

the la+or or,ani'ation hi)h is a((lyin, for re,istration.

7a8 Tests to 1eter&ine the )onstituen)y of an a((ro(riate +ar,ainin, unit. < There is no

har1 an1 fast rule to 1eter&ine the *ali1 for&ation of a +ar,ainin, unit. Hoe*er0 the

folloin, four 78 1o)trines&ay +e use1 to 1eter&ine its *ali1ity:

7$8 Su+stantial &utual interest 1o)trine. ! The e&(loyees sou,ht to +e re(resente1 +y the

)olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, a,ent &ust ha*e su+stantial &utual interest in ter&s of e&(loy&ent

an1 or4in, )on1itions as e*in)e1 +y the ty(e of or4 they (erfor&. It is )hara)teri'e1 +y

si&ilarity of e&(loy&ent status0 sa&e 1uties an1 res(onsi+ilities an1 su+stantially si&ilar

)o&(ensation an1 or4in, )on1itions.

7?8 Glo+e1o)trine.! The 1eter&ination of the +ar,ainin, unit is +ase1 on the ill of the

e&(loyees. It is )alle1 Glo+e 1o)trine +e)ause this (rin)i(le as 3rst enun)iate1 in thenite1 States )ase ofGlo+e >a)hine an1 Sta&(in, Co.0 "LR ?; 7$;8Khere it

as rule10 in 1e3nin, the a((ro(riate +ar,ainin, unit0 that in a )ase here the )o&(anyDs

(ro1u)tion or4ers )an +e )onsi1ere1 either as a sin,le +ar,ainin, unit a((ro(riate for

(ur(oses of )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, or as three 7=8 se(arate an1 1istin)t +ar,ainin, units0 the

1eter&inin, fa)tor is the ill or 1esireof the or4ers the&sel*es.

7=8 Colle)ti*e +ar,ainin, history 1o)trine. ! This (rin)i(le (uts (re&iu& to the (rior

)olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, history an1 anity of the e&(loyees in 1eter&inin, the a((ro(riate

+ar,ainin, unit. Hoe*er0 the e@isten)e of a (rior )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, history has +een

hel1 as neither 1e)isi*e nor )on)lusi*e in the 1eter&ination of hat )onstitutes ana((ro(riate +ar,ainin, unit.

78 E&(loy&ent status1o)trine.! The 1eter&ination of the a((ro(riate +ar,ainin, unit is

+ase1 on the e&(loy&ent status of the e&(loyees. or e@a&(le0 )asual e&(loyees an1

those e&(loye1 on a 1ay!to!1ay +asis 1o not ha*e the &utuality or )o&&unity of interest

ith re,ular an1 (er&anent e&(loyees. Hen)e0 their in)lusion in the +ar,ainin, unit

)o&(ose1 of the latter is not /usti3e1.

. ar,ainin, a,ent. < The sole an1 e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, a,ent is )hosen throu,h any of the

folloin, &o1es:

a. oluntary re)o,nition. < It refers to the (ro)ess +y hi)h a le,iti&ate la+or union is

*oluntarily re)o,ni'e1 +y the e&(loyer as the e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, re(resentati*e or a,ent in a

+ar,ainin, unit. It is (ro(er only in )ases here there is only one le,iti&ate la+or

or,ani'atione@istin, an1 o(eratin, in a +ar,ainin, unit. It )annot +e 1one in )ase there are

to or &ore unions in )ontention.


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+. Certi3)ation ele)tion. < It refers to the (ro)ess of 1eter&inin, throu,h se)ret +allot the sole

an1 e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, a,ent of the e&(loyees in an a((ro(riate +ar,ainin, unit for

(ur(oses of )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, ne,otiations. A )erti3)ation ele)tion is )on1u)te1 only u(on

the or1er of the >e1!Ar+iter of the Bureau of La+or Relations 7BLR8.

7i8 In an unor,ani'e1 esta+lish&ent. ! In )ase of a (etition 3le1 +y a le,iti&ate or,ani'ation

in*ol*in, an unorganizedesta+lish&ent0 the >e1!Ar+iter is reMuire1 to i&&e1iately or1er

the )on1u)t of a )erti3)ation ele)tion u(on 3lin, of a (etition for )erti3)ation ele)tion +y a

le,iti&ate la+or or,ani'ation. The tenty!3*e (er)ent 7?N8 &ini&u& su((ort of the

e&(loyees in the +ar,ainin, unit hi)h is reMuire1 in For,ani'e1 esta+lish&ents is not

ne)essary in the )ase of Funor,ani'e1 esta+lish&ents.

7ii8 In an or,ani'e1 esta+lish&ent. < The >e1!Ar+iter is reMuire1 to auto&ati)ally or1er the

)on1u)t of a )erti3)ation ele)tion +y se)ret +allot in an or,ani'e1 esta+lish&ent as soon as

the folloin, reMuisites are fully &et:

$. That a (etition Muestionin, the &a/ority status of the in)u&+ent +ar,ainin, a,ent is 3le1

+efore the 5OLE ithin the !1ay free1o& (erio1 2

?. That su)h (etition is *eri3e12 an1

=. That the (etition is su((orte1 +y the ritten )onsentof at least ?BN of all the

e&(loyees in the +ar,ainin, unit.

To 7?8 4in1s of &a/orities reMuire1 in the (ro)ess of )erti3)ation ele)tion. ! The

(ro)ess of )erti3)ation ele)tion reMuires to 7?8 4in1s of &a/ority *otes0 viz:

$. To ha*e a *ali1 )erti3)ation ele)tion0 at least a &a/ority of all eli,i+le *otersin the

+ar,ainin, unit shoul1 )ast their *otes2 an1

?. To in an1 +e )erti3e1 as the sole an1 e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, a,ent in the

)erti3)ation ele)tion0the union shoul1 ,arner the &a/ority *ote of the *ali1 *otes

)ast.

). Run!o6 ele)tion. < It refers to an ele)tion +eteen the la+or unions re)ei*in, the to 7?8

hi,hest nu&+er of *otes in a )erti3)ation ele)tion or )onsent ele)tion ith three 7=8 or &ore

)hoi)es0 here su)h a )erti3)ation ele)tion or )onsent ele)tion results in none of the three 7=8

or &ore )hoi)es re)ei*in, the &a/ority of the *ali1 *otes )ast0 (ro*i1e1 that the total nu&+er

of *otes for all )onten1in, unions is at least 3fty (er)ent 7N8 of the nu&+er of *otes )ast.

1. Re!run ele)tion. ! This &o1e of )hoosin, the sole an1 e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, unit is not

e@(ressly (ro*i1e1 in the La+or Co1e or in its i&(le&entin, rules. The )ir)u&stan)es hi)h

oul1 /ustify the hol1in, of a re!run ele)tion are not set out in the la. Hoe*er0 a re!run

ele)tion &ay +e /usti3e1 if )ertain irre,ularities ha*e +een )o&&itte1 1urin, the )on1u)t of


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the )erti3)ation ele)tion su)h as0 inter alia01isenfran)hise&ent of the *oters0 la)4 of

se)re)y in the *otin, an1 +ri+ery0 in hi)h )ase0 the )erti3)ation ele)tion shoul1 +e

in*ali1ate1. Su)h in*ali1ation oul1 ne)essitate the )on1u)t of a re!run ele)tion a&on, the

)onten1in, unions to 1eter&ine the true ill an1 1esire of the e&(loyee!ele)torates.

E@a&(le: National Federation of Labor v. he !e"retary of Labor, G.R. "o. $0 >ar)h

;0 $;;90 ?9 SCRA ;;0 K.[4]

A )erti3)ation ele)tion as )on1u)te1 on "o*e&+er $?0 $;990 a&on, the ran4!an1!3le e&(loyees of the Hi/o

Plantation0 In). resultin, in the )hoi)e of Fno union. Hoe*er0 on July =0 $;9;0 on alle,ations that the )o&(any

inter*ene1 in the ele)tion0 the BLR 5ire)tor nulli3e1 the results of the )erti3)ation ele)tion an1 or1ere1 a ne one to +e

hel1. The ne ele)tion as hel1 on Au,ust ?0 $;9; un1er the su(er*ision of the 5OLE Re,ional O)e in 5a*ao City

ith the folloin, results: Total otes )ast !$0$?2 Asso)iate1 Tra1e nions 7AT8 < ;*otes2 TRST QILSA" ! B*otes2

"ational e1eration of La+or 7"L8 < 9*otes2 Southern Phili((ines e1eration of La+or < *otes2 SA"5IGA"

< *otes2 % < $B*otes2 "o nion < BB*otes2 an1 In*ali1 *otes < $.

Pri*ate res(on1ent!e&(loyer HPI alle,e1 that the )erti3)ation ele)tion as &arre1 +y &assi*e frau1 an1

irre,ularitiesan1 that out of $0;?eli,i+le *oters0 ;$ 0 re(resentin, BNof the ran4!an1!3le or4ers of (ri*ate

res(on1ent0 ere not a+le to *ote0 resultin, in a failure of ele)tion. (on the or1er of the 5OLE Se)retary0 the >e1!

Ar+iter )on1u)te1 an in*esti,ation on the )o&(anyDs )lai& that N of the ran4!an1!3le or4ers ere not a+le to *ote

in the )erti3)ation ele)tion.

In a resolution 1ate1 e+ruary $0 $;;$0 the 5OLE u(hel1 the Au,ust ?0 $;9; )erti3)ation ele)tion. The 5OLE ,a*e no

ei,ht to the re(ort of the >e1!Ar+iter that the )erti3)ation ele)tion as &arre1 +y &assi*e frau1 an1 irre,ularities.

Althou,h a1a*its ere su+&itte1 shoin, that the ele)tion as hel1 outsi1e the )o&(any (re&ises an1 (ri*ate

*ehi)les ere use1 as &a4eshift (re)in)ts0 the 5OLE foun1 that this as +e)ause res(on1ent )o&(any 1i1 not allo

the use of its (re&ises for the (ur(ose of hol1in, the ele)tion0 )o&(any ,uar1s ere alle,e1ly instru)te1 not to allo

(arties0 *oters an1 5OLE re(resentation o)ers to enter the )o&(any (re&ises0 an1 noti)e as (oste1 on the 1oor of

the )o&(any that the ele)tion ha1 +een (ost(one1.

"or as ei,ht ,i*en to the 3n1in,s of the >e1!Ar+iter that a &a/ority of the ran4!an1!3le or4ers ha1 +een

1isfran)hise1 in the Au,ust ?0 $;9; ele)tion an1 that the se)re)y of the +allot ha1 +een *iolate10 3rst0 +e)ause the "L

as not ,i*en noti)e of the in*esti,ation nor the )han)e to (resent its e*i1en)e to 1is(ute this 3n1in, an10 se)on10 the

>e1!Ar+iterDs re(ort as not su((orte1 +y the &inutes of the (ro)ee1in,s nor +y any re)or1 of the inter*ies of the

=$ or4ers. >oreo*er0 it as (ointe1 out that the re(ort 1i1 not state the na&es of the (ersons in*esti,ate10 the

Muestions as4e1 an1 the ansers ,i*en. The 5OLE hel1 that the re(ort as Ftotally +aseless.

A))or1in,ly0 the La+or Se)retary 1enie1 the (etition to annul the ele)tion an1 instea1 )erti3e1 (etitioner "L as the

sole an1 e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, re(resentati*e of the ran4!an1!3le e&(loyees of (ri*ate res(on1ent HPI.

Hoe*er0 on &otion of HPI0 the Se)retary of La+or0 on Au,ust ?;0 $;;$0 re*erse1 his resolution of e+ruary $0 $;;$. In

this resolution of Au,ust ?;0 $;;$0 the Se)retary of La+or sai1 he as re*ersin, his earlier resolution +e)ause For4ers

of Hi/o Plantation0 In). ha*e 1elu,e1 this O)e ith their letter!a((eal0 either &a1e sin,ly or )olle)ti*ely e@(ressin, their


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ish to ha*e a ne )erti3)ation ele)tion )on1u)te1 an1 that as a result Fthe 3r& (osition e hel1 re,ar1in, the

inte,rity of the ele)toral e@er)ise ha1 +een so&ehat ero1e1 +y this re)ent 1e)laration of the or4ers0 no s(ea4in,

in their so*erei,n )a(a)ity.

In u(hol1in, this re*ersal of his earlier resolution +y the 5OLE Se)retary0 the Su(re&e Court ratio)inate10 thus:

FIt is )lear fro& this0 that hat the 5OLE Se)retary )onsi1ere1 in re*ersin, its earlier rulin,s

as not the (etition of the e&(loyer +ut the letter!a((eals that the e&(loyees sent to his o)e

1enoun)in, the irre,ularities )o&&itte1 1urin, the Au,ust ?0 $;9; )erti3)ation ele)tion. The (etition of

(ri*ate res(on1ent as si&(ly the o))asion for the e&(loyees to *oi)e their (rotests a,ainst the

ele)tion. Pri*ate res(on1ent HPI atta)he1 to its Su((le&ental A((eal 3le1 on Se(te&+er 0 $;9; the

a1a*its an1 a((eals of &ore or less 9 e&(loyees ho )lai&e1 that they ha1 +een 1isfran)hise10 as a

result of hi)h they ere not a+le to )ast their *otes at the Au,ust ?0 $;9; ele)tion. It as the (rotests

of e&(loyees hi)h &o*e1 the 5OLE to re)onsi1er its (re*ious resolution of e+ruary $0 $;;$0

u(hol1in, the ele)tion.

@@@

FIn this )ase0 (etitioner &aintains that (ri*ate res(on1ent 1i1 not &a4e any (rotest re,ar1in,

the alle,e1 irre,ularities 7e.,.0 &assi*e 1isfran)hise&ent of e&(loyees8 1urin, the ele)tion. Hen)e0 the

a((eal an1 &otions for re)onsi1eration of (ri*ate res(on1ent HPI shoul1 ha*e +een 1is&isse1

su&&arily.

FThe )o&(laint in this )ase as that a nu&+er of e&(loyees ere not a+le to )ast their *otes

+e)ause they ere not (ro(erly noti3e1 of the 1ate. They )oul1 not therefore ha*e 3le1 their (rotests

ithin 3*e 78 1ays.At all e*ents0 the Soli)itor General states0 that the (rotests ere not 3le1 ithin 3*e 78

1ays0 is a &ere te)hni)ality hi)h shoul1 not +e alloe1 to (re*ail o*er the or4ersD elfare. As this

Court stresse1 in L" Pi)tures0 In). *. Phil. >usi)ians Guil10 $ SCRA $=? 7$;$8K0 it is essential that the

e&(loyees &ust +e a))or1e1 an o((ortunity to freely an1 intelli,ently 1eter&ine hi)h la+or

or,ani'ation shall a)t in their +ehalf. The or4ers in this )ase ere 1enie1 this o((ortunity. "ot only

ere a su+stantial nu&+er of the& 1isfran)hise10 there ere0 in a11ition0 alle,ations of frau1 an1 other

irre,ularities hi)h (ut in Muestion the inte,rity of the ele)tion. %or4ers rote letters an1 &a1e

)o&(laints (rotestin, the )on1u)t of the ele)tion. The Re(ort of >e1!Ar+iter Pura ho in*esti,ate1

these alle,ations foun1 the alle,ations of frau1 an1 irre,ularities to +e true.

FIn one )ase 7)itin, #onfederation of #itizens Labor $nions v. Noriel, %.&. No. L-'()*+. !eptember

+, )+, ( !#&A ()80 this Court in*ali1ate1 a )erti3)ation ele)tion u(on a shoin, of

1isfran)hise&ent0 la)4 of se)re)y in the *otin, an1 +ri+ery. %e hol1 the sa&e in this )ase. The or4ersD

ri,ht to self!or,ani'ation as enshrine1 in +oth the Constitution an1 La+or Co1e oul1 +e ren1ere1

nu,atory if their ri,ht to )hoose their )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, re(resentati*e ere 1enie1. In1ee10 the (oli)y

of the La+or Co1e fa*ors the hol1in, of a )erti3)ation ele)tion as the &ost )on)lusi*e ay of )hoosin,

the la+or or,ani'ation to re(resent or4ers in a )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, unit. In )ase of 1ou+t0 the 1ou+t

shoul1 +e resol*e1 in fa*or of the hol1in, of a )erti3)ation ele)tion.


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FRe!run ele)tion 1istin,uishe1 fro& Ffailure of ele)tion. ! In re!run ele)tion0 there as

a *ali1 )erti3)ation ele)tion +ut +e)ause of )ertain )ir)u&stan)es0 the ele)tion is nulli3e1 an1

another one is or1ere1 to truly ree)t the ill an1 senti&ent of the ele)torate!e&(loyees in

the )hoi)e of their +ar,ainin, re(resentati*e. In failure of ele)tion 0 the nu&+er of *otes )ast

in the )erti3)ation or )onsent ele)tion is less than the &a/ority of the nu&+er of eli,i+le *otersan1 there are no )hallen,e1 *otes that )oul1 &aterially )han,e the results of the ele)tion.

[5]ConseMuently0 a &otion for the i&&e1iate hol1in, of another )erti3)ation or )onsent

ele)tion ithin si@ 78 &onthsfro& the 1ate of 1e)laration of the failure of ele)tion &ay +e

3le1.[6]

e. Consent ele)tion. ! It refers to the (ro)ess of 1eter&inin, throu,h se)ret +allot the sole an1

e@)lusi*e re(resentati*e of the e&(loyees in an a((ro(riate +ar,ainin, unit for (ur(oses of

)olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, or ne,otiation. It is *oluntarily a,ree1 u(on +y the (arties0 ith or ithout

the inter*ention of the 5e(art&ent of La+or an1 E&(loy&ent.

Consent ele)tion an1 )erti3)ation ele)tion0 1istin,uishe1. ! A "onsent ele"tion is one

&utually a,ree1 u(on +y the (arties0 ith or ithout the inter*ention +y the 5OLE0 its

(ur(ose +ein, &erely to 1eter&ine the issue of &a/ority re(resentation of all the or4ers in

an a((ro(riate )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, unit2 hile a "erti"ation ele"tion is one hi)h is

or1ere1 +y the 5OLE an1 is ai&e1 at 1eter&inin, the sole an1 e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, a,ent of

all the e&(loyees in an a((ro(riate +ar,ainin, unit for the (ur(ose of )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin,.

ro& the *ery nature of )onsent ele)tion0 it is a se(arate an1 1istin)t (ro)ess an1 has

nothin, to 1o ith the i&(ort an1 e6e)t of a )erti3)ation ele)tion. In fa)t0 a )onsentele)tion

&ay +e )on1u)te1 e*en 1urin, the (en1en)y of a )erti3)ationele)tion +y &utual

a,ree&ent of the )onten1in, unions. ConseMuently0 the >e1!Ar+iter is not alloe1 to issue

a for&al or1er )allin, for the )on1u)t of a )erti3)ation ele)tion. Instea10 he shoul1 enter the

fa)t of the a,ree&ent in the &inutes of the hearin, hi)h shoul1 then +e si,ne1 +y the

(arties an1 atteste1 to +y the >e1!Ar+iter. The results thereof shall )onstitute a+arto the

hol1in, of a )erti3)ation ele)tion forone 7$8 year fro& the hol1in, of su)h )onsent ele)tion.

%here an a((eal has +een 3le1 fro& the results of the )onsent ele)tion0 the runnin, of the

one!year (erio1 is sus(en1e1 until the 1e)ision on a((eal has +e)o&e 3nal an1 e@e)utory.

B. Aliation of the lo)al union ith a &other union. ! Aliation ith a fe1eration or a national

union is (rin)i(ally for the (ur(ose of stren,thenin, the )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, le*era,e of

the aliate. An Faliaterefers to 7a8 an independent unionaliate1 ith a fe1eration or a

national union2 or 7+8 a lo"al "hapter7for&erly 4non as F)hartere1 lo)al8 hi)h has +een

su+seMuently ,rante1 in1e(en1ent re,istration+ut 1i1 not 1isaliate fro& the fe1eration or

national union hi)h )reate1 it. Te)hni)ally0 a lo)al )ha(ter )reate1 throu,h )harterin, un1er

Arti)le ?=!A of the La+or Co1e )annot +e (ro(erly )alle1 an Faliateof a fe1eration or a

national union if it has not a)Muire1 any in1e(en1ent re,istrationof its on.


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So&e (rin)i(les on aliation.

$. The relationshi( +eteen the aliate union 7in1e(en1ent union8 an1 the &other union

7fe1eration or national union8 is that of (rin)i(al!a,ent relationshi( . The aliate union is

the (rin)i(al an1 the &other union0 the a,ent.

This (rin)i(le a((lies in the )ase of a

lo)al )ha(ter )reate1 +y a fe1eration or a national union.

?. Aliation 1oes not ,i*e the &other fe1eration the li)ense to a)t in1e(en1ently of the aliate

union. It only ,i*es rise to a )ontra)t of a,en)y0 here the for&er a)ts in re(resentation of

the latter.

=. The a((en1a,e of the fe1erationDs a)rony& to the aliate unionDs na&e in the re,istration

ith the Bureau of La+or Relations 1oes not )han,e the (rin)i(al!a,ent relationshi(

+eteen the&. Su)h in)lusion of the a)rony& is &erely to in1i)ate that the lo)al union is

aliate1 ith the fe1eration or national union at the ti&e of the re,istration. It 1oes not

&ean that the aliate union )annot in1e(en1ently stan1 on its on.

. 5isaliation of the lo)al union fro& the &other union. < The ri,ht of the aliate union to

1isaliate fro& its &other fe1eration or national union is a )onstitutionally!,uarantee1 ri,ht hi)h

&ay +e in*o4e1 +y the for&er at any ti&e. An aliate union is a se(arate an1 *oluntary

asso)iation free to ser*e the interest of all its &e&+ers ! )onsistent ith the free1o& of

asso)iation ,uarantee1 in the Constitution.

So&e (rin)i(les on 1isaliation.

$. 5isaliation shoul1 +e a((ro*e1 +y the &a/ority of the union &e&+ers.

?. 5isaliation 1oes not 1i*est an aliate union of its le,al (ersonality.

=. 5isaliation of an aliate union is not an a)t of 1isloyalty.

. 5isaliation for (ur(oses of for&in, a ne union 1oes not ter&inate the status of the

&e&+ers thereof as e&(loyees of the )o&(any.

. 5isaliation ter&inates the ri,ht to )he)4!o6 fe1eration 1ues.

. 5isaliation 1oes not a6e)t CBA. It 1oes not o(erate to a&en1 it or )han,e the

a1&inistration of the )ontra)t.

. Su+stitutionary 1o)trine. < At any ti&e 1urin, the B!year lifeti&e of the C A0the

+ar,ainin, a,ent &ay lose its &a/ority status as hen there e@ists a union s)his& or s(lithi)h

)o&(letely )han,es the situation of the e&(loyer an1 the +ar,ainin, a,ent in ter&s of the latterDs

&e&+ershi(0 stru)ture an1 others. To 1eter&ine &a/ority su((ort of the &e&+ers of the

+ar,ainin, unit +ein, re(resente1 +y the +ar,ainin, a,ent0 a (etition for )erti3)ation ele)tion &ay

+e 3le1 to 1eter&ine hi)h of the unions has the &a/ority status. The union )erti3e1 as the ne


9/24

sole an1 e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, a,ent ill thus su+stitutethe (re*ious one as a (arty to the

e@istin, CBA. This is alloe1 un1er this 1o)trine.

9. nion 1ues an1 s(e)ial assess&ents. ! All unions are authori'e1 to )olle)t reasona+le

a&ounts for&e&+ershi( fees0 union 1ues0 assess&ents an1 3nes.This is 1one

throu,h F)he)4!o6hi)h is the &etho1 of 1e1u)tin, +y the e&(loyer fro& the e&(loyeeDs (ay

at (res)ri+e1 (erio1s0 of any a&ount 1ue for su)h fees0 3nes or assess&ents.

ReMuire&ents for *ali1ity. < To +e *ali10 the folloin, reMuisites shoul1 +e )o&(lie1 ith:

7$8 Authori'ation +y a ritten resolution of the &a/ority of all the &e&+ers at a ,eneral

&e&+ershi( &eetin, 1uly )alle1 for the (ur(ose2

7?8 Se)retaryDs re)or1 of the &inutesof sai1 &eetin,2 an1

7=8 In1i*i1ual ritten authori'ationsfor )he)4!o6 1uly si,ne1 +y the e&(loyees )on)erne1.

The la stri)tly (rohi+its the )he)4!o6 fro& any a&ount 1ue an e&(loyee of any s(e)ial

assess&ent0 attorneyDs fees0 ne,otiation fees or any other e@traor1inary fees ithout the

in1i*i1ual ritten authori'ation1uly si,ne1 +y the e&(loyee. Su)h authori'ation &ust

s(e)i3)ally state the a&ount0 (ur(ose an1 +ene3)iary of the 1e1u)tion. The (ur(ose of the

in1i*i1ual ritten authori'ation is to (rote)t the e&(loyees fro& unarrante1 (ra)ti)es that

1i&inish their )o&(ensation ithout their 4nole1,e or )onsent.

;. A,en)y fees. < This ter&refers to the reasona+le 1ues an1 other fees that &ay +e )olle)te1 +y

the+ar,ainin,a,entfro& non!&e&+ersho a*aile1 of the +ene3ts fro& the CBA hi)h

sai1 a,entsu))essfully ne,otiate1 an1 )on)lu1e1 ith the e&(loyer. It is )alle1 Fa,en)yfee

+e)ause it is (ai1 to su)h F+ar,ainin, a,ent of hi)h they are not &e&+ers +ut hi)h

re(resente1 the& in the CBA ne,otiations. Thele,al +asisof the +ar,ainin, a,entDs ri,ht to

a,en)y fees is neither )ontra)tual nor statutory0 +ut Muasi!)ontra)tual 0 1eri*in, fro& the

esta+lishe1 (rin)i(le that non!+ar,ainin, union e&(loyees &ay not un/ustly enri)h

the&sel*es+y +ene3tin, fro& e&(loy&ent )on1itions ne,otiate1 +y the +ar,ainin, a,ent.

So&e (rin)i(les on a,en)y fees.

$."o in1i*i1ual ritten authori'ation is reMuire1 to )he)4!o6 a,en)y fees. The fa)t of

a))e(tan)e +y the non!+ar,ainin, a,ent &e&+ers is all that is reMuire1 to /ustify su)h

)he)4!o6 of a,en)y fees.?. E&(loyer has the 1uty to )he)4!o6 a,en)y fees.

=. "on!&e&+ers of the +ar,ainin, a,ent nee1 not +e)o&e &e&+ers thereof. Their

a))e(tan)e of the +ene3ts oin, fro& the CBA an1 their a)t of (ayin, the a,en)y fees 1o

not &a4e the& &e&+ers thereof.

. RIGHT TO COLLECTIE ARGAI"I"G.


10/24

$. 5uty to +ar,ain )olle)ti*ely. ! The 1uty to +ar,ain )olle)ti*ely &eans the (erfor&an)e of

a &utual o+li,ation to &eet an1 )on*ene (ro&(tly an1 e@(e1itiously in ,oo1 faithfor the

(ur(ose ofne,otiatin, an a,ree&ent ith res(e)t to a,es0 hours of or4 an1 all other ter&s

an1 )on1itions of e&(loy&ent in)lu1in, (ro(osals for a1/ustin, any ,rie*an)esor Muestions

arisin, un1er su)h a,ree&ent an1 e@e)utin, a )ontra)t in)or(oratin, su)h a,ree&ents ifreMueste1 +y either (arty +ut su)h 1uty 1oes not )o&(el any (arty to a,ree to a (ro(osal

or to &a4e any )on)ession.

7a8 %hen there is a+sen)e of C A. ! In the a+sen)e of an a,ree&ent or other *oluntary

arran,e&ent (ro*i1in, for a &ore e@(e1itious &anner of )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin,0 it shall +e the

1uty of e&(loyer an1 the re(resentati*es of the e&(loyees to +ar,ain )olle)ti*elyin

a))or1an)e ith the (ro*isions of the La+or Co1e.

7+8 %hen there is a C A. !%hen there is a CBA0 the 1uty to +ar,ain )olle)ti*ely shall &ean that

neither (arty shall ter&inate nor &o1ify su)h a,ree&ent 1urin, its lifeti&e. Hoe*er0 either

(arty )an ser*e a ritten noti)e to ter&inate or &o1ify the a,ree&ent at least si@ty 78

1ays (rior to its e@(iration 1ate . It shall +e the 1uty of +oth (arties to 4ee( the status

Muoan1 to )ontinue in full for)e an1 e6e)t the ter&s an1 )on1itions of the e@istin,

a,ree&ent 1urin, the !1ay (erio1 an1or until a ne a,ree&ent is rea)he1 +y the (arties.

The sai1 1ays is )alle1 the Ffree1o& (erio1+e)ause it is the only ti&e hen the la

allos the (arties to freely ser*e a noti)e to ter&inate0 alter or &o1ify the e@istin, CBA. It is

also the ti&e hen the &a/ority status of the +ar,ainin, a,ent &ay +e )hallen,e1 +y another

union +y 3lin, the a((ro(riate (etition for )erti3)ation ele)tion.

?. Colle)ti*e ar,ainin, A,ree&ent 7C A8. < Itrefers to the ne,otiate1 )ontra)t +eteen a

1ulyre)o,ni'e1or )erti3e1e@)lusi*e +ar,ainin, a,ent of or4ers an1 the e&(loyer )on)ernin,

a,es0 hours of or4 an1 all other ter&s an1 )on1itions of e&(loy&ent in the a((ro(riate

+ar,ainin, unit0 in)lu1in, &an1atory (ro*isions for ,rie*an)es an1 ar+itration

&a)hineries.5urin, its lifeti&e0 the CBA is )onsi1ere1 the la +eteen the (arties! the

)olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, a,ent an1 its &e&+ers0 on the one han10 an1 the e&(loyer0 on the other.

a. >an1atory (ro*isions of C A. < The folloin, are &an1atorily reMuire1 to +e e&+o1ie1 in

the CBA:

7$8 Grie*an)e Pro)e1ure. < It refers to the internal rules of (ro)e1ure esta+lishe1 +y the

(arties in their CBA ith *oluntary ar+itration as the ter&inal ste(0 hi)h are inten1e1 to

resol*e all issues arisin, fro& 7$8 the inter(retation or i&(le&entation of their CBA or 7?8

the inter(retation or enfor)e&ent of )o&(any (ersonnel (oli)ies. It is that (art of the CBA

hi)h (ro*i1es for a (ea)eful ay of settlin, 1i6eren)es an1 &isun1erstan1in, +eteen

the (arties.


11/24

7?8 oluntary Ar+itration. < It refers to the &o1e of settlin, la+or!&ana,e&ent 1is(utes in

hi)h the (arties sele)t an i&(artial thir1 (erson )alle1 Foluntary Ar+itratorho is

tas4e1 to 1e)i1e on the &erits of the )ase an1 hose 1e)ision is 3nal an1 e@e)utory.

78 "o Stri4e!"o0 Lo)4out Clause. < It is a )lause in the CBA hi)h in1i)ates the res(e)ti*e

)o&&it&ents of the (arties thereto not to sta,e a stri4e0 on the (art of the union0 an1 not

to )on1u)t a lo)4out0 on the (art of the e&(loyer0 1urin, the lifeti&e of the CBA. This

)lause &ay +e in*o4e1 to +aran e)ono&i)stri4elo)4out +ut not an unfair la+or

(ra)ti)e stri4elo)4out.

78 La+or!>ana,e&ent Coun)il. < It is &an1ate1 to +e )reate1 in e*ery esta+lish&ent

(ursuant to the )onstitutional ,rant[7]to e&(loyees of the ri,ht to (arti)i(ate in (oli)y

an1 1e)ision!&a4in, (ro)esses in all &atters a6e)tin, their ri,hts0 1uties0 +ene3ts an1

elfare. It is )o&(ose1 of re(resentati*es of the e&(loyer an1 the e&(loyees of the

esta+lish&ent.

5istin)tions +eteen La+or!>ana,e&ent Coun)il 7L>C8 an1 Grie*an)e

Co&&ittee 7GC8. ! These to 7?8 +o1ies &ay +e 1i6erentiate1 fro& ea)h other as

follos:

$. Constitutional +asis.< As 1istin,uishe1 fro& L>C0 the )reation of the GC is +ase1 on

a 1i6erent )onstitutional (rin)i(le0 that is0 the (referential use of *oluntary &o1es of

settlin, 1is(utes.[8]

?.Le,al +asis.! The )reation of L>C is (ro*i1e1 un1er Arti)le ? of the La+or Co1e2

hile the for&ation of GC is &an1ate1 un1er Arti)le ? of the sa&e Co1e.

=. Pur(ose. ! The L>C is )reate1 for the (ur(ose of a6or1in, or4ers the ri,ht to

(arti)i(ate in (oli)y an1 1e)ision!&a4in, (ro)esses in &atters a6e)tin, their ri,hts0

+ene3ts an1 elfare2 hile that of the GC is to resol*e ,rie*an)es in*ol*in, 7$8 the

inter(retation or i&(le&entation of the CBA or 7?8 the inter(retation or enfor)e&ent

of )o&(any (ersonnel (oli)ies.

. "ature. ! The L>C is &ore of a (re*enti*e &easure2 hile a GC is ne)essary hen

there is alrea1y the o))urren)e of a ,rie*an)e ri(e for a1/u1i)ation.

. Classi3)ation of the esta+lish&ent. < The )lassi3)ation of the esta+lish&ent0

hether or,ani'e1 or unor,ani'e10 is not &aterial as far as L>C is )on)erne1 sin)e it

is reMuire1 to +e esta+lishe1 in all esta+lish&ents2 hile the GC is reMuire1 only in

)ase of or,ani'e1 esta+lish&ents sin)e it is reMuire1 to +e sti(ulate1 in the CBA.

. un)tion. < The fun)tion of the L>C is non!a1/u1i)atory in nature0 that is0 to &a4e

(oli)ies or 1e)isions on &atters a6e)tin, the or4ersD ri,hts0 +ene3ts an1 elfare2


12/24


13/24

$. E&(loyees ho0 at the ti&e the union se)urity a,ree&ent ta4es e6e)t0 are bona-de&e&+ers

of areli,iousor,ani'ation hi)h (rohi+its its &e&+ers fro& /oinin, la+or unions on reli,ious

,roun1sReli,ious O+/e)torsK.

?. E&(loyees alrea1y in the ser*i)e an1 alrea1y &e&+ers of a union other than the

+ar,ainin, a,entat the ti&e the union se)urity a,ree&ent too4 e6e)t.

=. Con31ential e&(loyeesho are e@)lu1e1fro& the ran4!an1!3le or su(er*isory +ar,ainin,

unit.

. E&(loyees e@)lu1e1fro& the union se)urity )lause +y e@(resster&s of the a,ree&ent.

Classi3)ation of union se)urity a,ree&ents.

$. Close1 sho( a,ree&ent ! It is a s)he&e in hi)h0 +y a,ree&ent +eteen the e&(loyer an1

its e&(loyees or their re(resentati*es0 no (erson &ay +e e&(loye1 in any or )ertain a,ree1

1e(art&ents of the enter(rise unless he or she is0 +e)o&es0 an10 for the 1uration of thea,ree&ent0 re&ains a &e&+er in ,oo1 stan1in, of a union entirely )o&(rise1 of or of hi)h

the e&(loyees in interest are a (art.

?. nion sho( a,ree&ent ! There is union sho( hen all ne re,ular e&(loyees are reMuire1

to /oin the union ithin a )ertain (erio1 as a )on1ition for their )ontinue1 e&(loy&ent. The

role of a nion Sho( (ro*ision is to )o&(el the &e&+ershi( of those ho are not yet union

&e&+ers. n1er this s)he&e0 the e&(loyer is ,i*en the free1o& to hire an1 e&(loy any

(erson ho is not a &e&+er of the +ar,ainin, a,ent. On)e su)h (erson +e)o&es an

e&(loyee0 he is reMuire1 to +e)o&e a &e&+er of the +ar,ainin, a,ent an1 to re&ain as su)h

&e&+er in ,oo1 stan1in, for the hole (erio1 of the e6e)ti*ity of the CBA as a )on1ition forhis )ontinue1 e&(loy&ent.

=. >o1i3e1 union sho( a,ree&ent ! E&(loyees un1er this arran,e&ent ho are not union

&e&+ers at the ti&e of the si,nin, or e@e)ution of the CBA are not reMuire1 to /oin the

+ar,ainin, union. Hoe*er0 any an1 all or4ers hire1 or e&(loye1 after the si,nin, or

e@e)ution of the CBA are reMuire1 to /oin the +ar,ainin, union.

. >aintenan)e of &e&+ershi( a,ree&ent ! There is &aintenan)e of &e&+ershi( sho(

hen e&(loyees0 ho are union &e&+ers as of the e6e)ti*e 1ate of the a,ree&ent0 or ho

thereafter +e)o&e &e&+ers0 &ust &aintain union &e&+ershi( as a )on1ition for )ontinue1

e&(loy&ent until they are (ro&ote1 or transferre1 out of the +ar,ainin, unit0 or the

a,ree&ent is ter&inate1.

. nfair La+or Pra)ti)e 7LP8 in Colle)ti*e ar,ainin,.

7$8 ar,ainin, in +a1 faith. < Ba1 faith is a Muestion of fa)t the 1eter&ination of hi)h ill

1e(en1 u(on the )ir)u&stan)es of ea)h )ase. Goo1 faith +ar,ainin, reMuires that )lai&s


14/24

&a1e +y either +ar,ainer shoul1 +e honest )lai&s. It oul1 not +e far!fet)he1 to rea)h the

)on)lusion that +ar,ainin, la)4s ,oo1 faith hen an e&(loyer &e)hani)ally re(eats )lai& of

ina+ility to (ay ithout &a4in, the sli,htest e6ort to su+stantiate the )lai&. On)e (ro*e10 the

+a1 faith of the (arty ill &a4e it lia+le for LP. It &ust +e note1 that:

a.Parties ha*e no o+li,ation to (re)i(itately a,ree to the (ro(osals of ea)h other.

+. >a4in, a (ro&ise 1urin, the CBA ne,otiations0 not an in1i)ation of +a1 faith.

). A1a&ant stan)e resultin, in an i&(asse0 not an in1i)iu& of +a1 faith.

1. Alle,ations of +a1 faith i(e1 out ith the si,nin, of the CBA.

7?8 Refusal to +ar,ain. ! The e&(loyerDs refusal to su+&it an anser or re(ly to the ritten

+ar,ainin, (ro(osals of the )erti3e1 +ar,ainin, union is LP. %hile the la 1oes not )o&(el

the (arties to rea)h an a,ree&ent0 it 1oes )onte&(late that +oth (arties ill a((roa)h the

ne,otiation ith an o(en &in1 an1 &a4e a reasona+le e6ort to rea)h a )o&&on ,roun1 ofa,ree&ent.

E@a&(les:

General >illin, Cor(oration *. CA0 G.R. "o. $?90 e+ruary $$0 ?K! The

Su(re&e Court foun1 the (etitioner ,uilty of LP for refusin, to sen1 a )ounter!(ro(osal to

the union an1 to +ar,ain ane on the e)ono&i) ter&s of the CBA.

Cole,io 1e San Juan 1e Letran *. Asso)iation of E&(loyees an1 a)ulty of

Letran0 G.R. "o. $$$0 Se(te&+er $90 ?K!The (etitioner s)hool as 1e)lare1

,uilty of unfair la+or (ra)ti)e hen it faile1 to &a4e a ti&ely re(ly to the (ro(osals of the)erti3e1 +ar,ainin, union &ore than a &onth after the sa&e ere su+&itte1 to it. In

e@(lainin, its failure to re(ly0 the s)hool &erely o6ere1 the fee+le e@)use that its Boar1 of

Trustees ha1 not yet )on*ene1 to 1is)uss the &atter. Clearly0 its a)tuation shoe1 a la)4 of

sin)ere 1esire to ne,otiate the CBA there+y ren1erin, it ,uilty of an unfair la+or (ra)ti)e.

78 In1i*i1ual +ar,ainin,. < The e&(loyerDs a)t of ne,otiatin, ith in1i*i1ual &e&+ers of the

+ar,ainin, a,ent is LP. This is so +e)ause on)e a +ar,ainin, a,ent has +een re)o,ni'e1 or

)erti3e10 the e&(loyer shoul1 +ar,ain only thereith an1 not ith the in1i*i1ual &e&+ers

thereof.

78 lue s4y +ar,ainin,. ! This &eans &a4in, e@a,,erate1 or unreasona+le (ro(osals. This 4in1

of LP )an only +e )o&&itte1 +y the +ar,ainin, a,ent.

7B8 Surfa)e +ar,ainin,. ! This &eans F,oin, throu,h the &otions of ne,otiatin, ithout any

le,al intent to rea)h an a,ree&ent. This 4in1 of LP )an only +e )o&&itte1 +y

the e&(loyer.
http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/General%20Milling%20Corporation%20vs.%20Court%20of%20Appeals,%20Et%20Al.,%20G.R.%20No.%20146728,%20February%2011,%202004.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/General%20Milling%20Corporation%20vs.%20Court%20of%20Appeals,%20Et%20Al.,%20G.R.%20No.%20146728,%20February%2011,%202004.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/General%20Milling%20Corporation%20vs.%20Court%20of%20Appeals,%20Et%20Al.,%20G.R.%20No.%20146728,%20February%2011,%202004.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Colegio%20De%20San%20Juan%20De%20Letran%20vs.%20Association%20of%20Employees%20and%20Faculty%20of%20Letran%20and%20Eleonor%20Ambas,%20G.R.%20No.%20141471,%20September%2018,%202000.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Colegio%20De%20San%20Juan%20De%20Letran%20vs.%20Association%20of%20Employees%20and%20Faculty%20of%20Letran%20and%20Eleonor%20Ambas,%20G.R.%20No.%20141471,%20September%2018,%202000.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Colegio%20De%20San%20Juan%20De%20Letran%20vs.%20Association%20of%20Employees%20and%20Faculty%20of%20Letran%20and%20Eleonor%20Ambas,%20G.R.%20No.%20141471,%20September%2018,%202000.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/General%20Milling%20Corporation%20vs.%20Court%20of%20Appeals,%20Et%20Al.,%20G.R.%20No.%20146728,%20February%2011,%202004.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Colegio%20De%20San%20Juan%20De%20Letran%20vs.%20Association%20of%20Employees%20and%20Faculty%20of%20Letran%20and%20Eleonor%20Ambas,%20G.R.%20No.%20141471,%20September%2018,%202000.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Colegio%20De%20San%20Juan%20De%20Letran%20vs.%20Association%20of%20Employees%20and%20Faculty%20of%20Letran%20and%20Eleonor%20Ambas,%20G.R.%20No.%20141471,%20September%2018,%202000.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0


15/24

B. nfair La+or Pra)ti)e. < "ot all unfair a)ts )onstitute LP. The a)t )o&(laine1 of as LP &ust

ha*e a (ro@i&ate an1 )ausal )onne)tion ith the e@er)ise of the e&(loyeesD ri,ht to self!

or,ani'ation an1 )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, or to the o+ser*an)e of a C A.Sans this )onne)tion0

the unfair a)ts )annot +e )onsi1ere1 LP.

7a8 "ature of LP. ! It is +oth )i*ilan1 )ri&inal in nature. Its )i*il as(e)t in)lu1es )lai&s for

a)tual0 &oral an1 e@e&(lary 1a&a,es0 attorneyDs fees an1 other ar&ati*e reliefs. The La+or

Ar+iters ha*e /uris1i)tion o*er the )i*il as(e)t2 hile the re,ular )ourts ha*e /uris1i)tion o*er

the )ri&inal as(e)t.

7+8 LPs of e&(loyers. < The folloin, are the LPs of e&(loyers un1er Arti)le ?9 of the

La+or Co1e:

7a8 To interfere ith0 restrain or )oer)e e&(loyees in the e@er)ise of their ri,ht to self!

or,ani'ation2

7+8 To reMuire as a )on1ition of e&(loy&ent that a (erson or an e&(loyee shall not /oin a

la+or or,ani'ation or shall ith1ra fro& one to hi)h he +elon,s 7 ELLO% 5OG

CO"TRACT82

7)8 To )ontra)t out ser*i)es or fun)tions +ein, (erfor&e1 +y union &e&+ers hen su)h ill

interfere ith0 restrain or )oer)e e&(loyees in the e@er)ise of their ri,hts to self!

or,ani'ation 7CO"TRACTALI#ATIO"82

718 To initiate0 1o&inate0 assist or otherise interfere ith the for&ation or a1&inistration of

any la+or or,ani'ation0 in)lu1in, the ,i*in, of 3nan)ial or other su((ort to it or its

or,ani'ers or su((orters7CO>PA" "IO"827e8 To 1is)ri&inate in re,ar1 to a,es0 hours of or4 an1 other ter&s an1 )on1itions of

e&(loy&ent in or1er to en)oura,e or 1is)oura,e &e&+ershi( in any la+or

or,ani'ation 75ISCRI>I"ATIO"8.

"othin, in this Co1e or in any other la shall sto( the (arties fro& reMuirin,

&e&+ershi( in a re)o,ni'e1 )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, a,ent as a )on1ition for e&(loy&ent0

e@)e(t those e&(loyees ho are alrea1y &e&+ers of another union at the ti&e of the

si,nin, of the )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, a,ree&ent 7"IO" SECRIT8.

E&(loyees of an a((ro(riate +ar,ainin, unit ho are not &e&+ers of the re)o,ni'e1

)olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, a,ent &ay +e assesse1 a reasona+le fee eMui*alent to the 1ues an1

other fees (ai1 +y &e&+ers of the re)o,ni'e1 )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, a,ent0 if su)h non!

union &e&+ers a))e(t the +ene3ts un1er the )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin,

a,ree&ent: 0rovided,that the in1i*i1ual authori'ation reMuire1 un1er Arti)le ? ?$K0

(ara,ra(h 7o8 of this Co1e shall not a((ly to the non!&e&+ers of the re)o,ni'e1

)olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, a,ent 7AGE"C EE8


16/24

7f8 To 1is&iss0 1is)har,e or otherise (re/u1i)e or 1is)ri&inate a,ainst an e&(loyee for

ha*in, ,i*en or +ein, a+out to ,i*e testi&ony un1er this Co1e 7THIS IS THE O"L LP

%HICH "EE5 "OT E CO""ECTE5 TO THE EERCISE O THE E>PLOEES O

THEIR RIGHT TO SEL!ORGA"I#ATIO" A"5 COLLECTIE ARGAI"I"G8 2

#1 -&2L 23 $L0s4

7,8 To *iolate the 1uty to +ar,ain )olle)ti*ely as (res)ri+e1 +y the La+or Co1e2

7h8 To (ay ne,otiation or attorneyDs fees to the union or its o)ers or a,ents as (art of the

settle&ent of any issue in )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, or any other 1is(ute2 or

7i8 To *iolate a CBA +ut only hen the *iolation is F,ross in )hara)ter hi)h &eans a,rant

an1or &ali)ious refusal +y the e&(loyerto )o&(ly ith the e)ono&i)(ro*isions of

the CBA.

7)8 LPs of la+or or,ani'ations. < n1er Arti)le ?; of the La+or Co1e0 it shall +e unfair la+or

(ra)ti)e for a la+or or,ani'ation0 its o)ers0 a,ents or re(resentati*es:

7a8 To restrain or )oer)e e&(loyees in the e@er)ise of their ri,ht to self!or,ani'ation.

Hoe*er0 a la+or or,ani'ation shall ha*e the ri,ht to (res)ri+e its on rules ith res(e)t

to the a)Muisition or retention of &e&+ershi(2

7+8 To )ause or atte&(t to )ause an e&(loyer to 1is)ri&inate a,ainst an e&(loyee0 in)lu1in,

1is)ri&ination a,ainst an e&(loyee ith res(e)t to ho& &e&+ershi( in su)h

or,ani'ation has +een 1enie1 or to ter&inate an e&(loyee on any ,roun1 other than

the usual ter&s an1 )on1itions un1er hi)h &e&+ershi( or )ontinuation of

&e&+ershi( is &a1e a*aila+le to other &e&+ers2

7)8 To *iolate the 1uty0 or refuse to +ar,ain )olle)ti*ely ith the e&(loyer0 (ro*i1e1 it is the

re(resentati*e of the e&(loyees2

718 To )ause or atte&(t to )ause an e&(loyer to (ay or 1eli*er or a,ree to (ay or 1eli*er any

&oney or other thin,s of *alue0 in the nature of an e@a)tion0 for ser*i)es hi)h are not

(erfor&e1 or not to +e (erfor&e10 in)lu1in, the 1e&an1 for fee for union

ne,otiations 7A"TI!EATHER E55I"G82

7e8 To as4 for or a))e(t ne,otiation or attorneyDs fees fro& e&(loyers as (art of the

settle&ent of any issue in )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, or any other 1is(ute2 or

7f8 To *iolate a CBA +ut only hen the *iolation is F,ross in )hara)ter hi)h &eans a,rant

an1or &ali)ious refusal +y the la+or or,ani'ation0 its o)ers0 a,ents or

re(resentati*esto )o&(ly ith the e)ono&i)(ro*isions of the CBA.

C. RIGHT TO PEACEL CO"CERTE5 ACTIITIES.


17/24

$. or&s of Con)erte1 A)ti*ities. ! There are three 7=8 for&s of )on)erte1 a)ti*ities0

na&ely:

7a8 Stri4e ! &eans any te&(orary sto((a,e of or4 +y the )on)erte1 a)tion of the e&(loyees as

a result of an in1ustrial or la+or 1is(ute. It en)o&(asses slo1ons0 &ass lea*es0 sit1ons0

o*erti&e +oy)ott0 atte&(ts to 1a&a,e0 1estroy or sa+ota,e (lant eMui(&ent an1 fa)ilities

an1 si&ilar a)ti*ities an1s(ortin, +y the or4ers of )losely )ro((e1 hair or )leanly

sha*en hea1s after their union 3le1 a noti)e of stri4e as a result of a C A 1ea1lo)4.

[9]

7+8 Lo)4out ! &eans the te&(orary refusal of an e&(loyer to furnish or4 as a result of an

in1ustrial or la+or 1is(ute. It )onsists of shut1ons0 &ass retren)h&ent an1 1is&issals or

the e&(loyerDs a)t of e@)lu1in, e&(loyees ho are union &e&+ers.

7)8 Pi)4etin,


18/24

th reMuisite! The !1ay aitin, (erio1 or stri4e +an re)4one1 after the su+&ission of a

stri4e *ote re(ort to the "C>B!5OLE shoul1 also +e fully o+ser*e1 in all )ases.

B. ReMuisites for a *ali1 lo)4out. < The folloin, are the se*en 78 (ro)e1ural

+ut &an1atoryreMuisites:

$st reMuisite! It &ust +e +ase1 on a *ali1 an1 fa)tual ,roun12

?n1 reMuisite ! A noti)e of lo)4out &ust +e 3le1 ith the "C>B!5OLE2

r1 reMuisite! A noti)e &ust +e ser*e1 to the "C>B!5OLE at least tenty!four 7?8 hours (rior

to the ta4in, of the lo)4out *ote +y se)ret +allotin,0 infor&in, sai1 o)e of the 1e)ision to

)on1u)t a lo)4out *ote0 an1 the 1ate0 (la)e0 an1 ti&e thereof2

th reMuisite! A lo)4out *ote &ust +e ta4en here a &a/ority of the &e&+ers of the Boar1 of

5ire)tors of the )or(oration or asso)iation or of the (artners in a (artnershi(0 o+taine1 +y se)ret

+allot in a &eetin, )alle1 for the (ur(ose0 &ust a((ro*e it2

Bth reMuisite! A lo)4out *ote re(ort shoul1 +e su+&itte1 to the "C>B!5OLE at least se*en 78

1ays +efore the inten1e1 1ate of the lo)4out2

th reMuisite! The )oolin,!o6 (erio1 of $ 1ays0 in the )ase of unfair la+or (ra)ti)es0 or = 1ays0

in the )ase of )olle)ti*e +ar,ainin, 1ea1lo)40 shoul1 +e fully o+ser*e12 an1

th reMuisite! The !1ay aitin, (erio1 or lo)4out +an re)4one1 after the su+&ission of the

lo)4out *ote re(ort to the "C>B!5OLE shoul1 also +e fully o+ser*e1 in all )ases.

. ReMuisites for a laful (i)4etin,. ar)h 0 ?$$K ! Petitioner union )onten1s that there as no

sto((a,e of or42 hen)e0 they 1i1 not stri4e. Eu(he&isti)ally0 (etitioner union a*ers that it Fonly en,a,e1 in (i)4etin,0 an1

&aintains that Fithout any or4 sto((a,e0 its o)ers an1 &e&+ersK only en,a,e1 in @@@ (rotest a)ti*ity. The Su(re&e


19/24

Court0 hoe*er0 rule1 that it as a stri4e an1 not (i)4etin, or (rotest a)ti*ity that (etitioner union sta,e1. It foun1 the

folloin, )ir)u&stan)es in su((ort of su)h 3n1in,:

$. Petitioner union 3le1 a "oti)e of Stri4e on 5e)e&+er ?90 $;;9 ith the 5OLE ,roun1e1 on res(on1entDs (ur(orte1

unfair la+or (ra)ti)es0 i.e.0refusal to +ar,ain )olle)ti*ely0 union +ustin, an1 &ass ter&ination.D On e*en 1ate0 (etitioner

nion 1e)lare1 an1 sta,e1 a stri4e.

?. The 5OLE Se)retary inter*ene1 an1 issue1 a Return!to!%or4 Or1er 1ate1 January 0 $;;;0 )ertifyin, the la+or 1is(ute to

the "LRC for )o&(ulsory ar+itration. The Or1er in1i)ate1 the folloin, fa)ts: 7$8 3lin, of the noti)e of stri4e2 7?8 sta,in, of

the stri4e an1 ta4in, )ontrol o*er res(on1entDs fa)ilities of its Leyte Geother&al Pro/e)t on the sa&e 1ay (etitioner union

3le1 the noti)e of stri4e2 7=8 atte&(ts +y the "C>B to for,e a &utually a))e(ta+le solution (ro*e1 futile2 78 in the

&eanti&e0 the stri4e )ontinue1 ith no settle&ent in si,ht (la)in, in /eo(ar1y the su((ly of &u)h nee1e1 (oer su((ly in

the Lu'on an1 isayas ,ri1s.

=. Petitioner union itself0 in its (lea1in,s0 use1 the or1 Fstri4e.

. Petitioner unionDs asse*erations are +elie1 +y the fa)tual 3n1in,s of the "LRC0 as ar&e1 +y the CA thus: FThe failure to

)o&(ly ith the &an1atory reMuisites for the )on1u)t of stri4e is +oth a1&itte1 an1 )learly shon on re)or1. Hen)e0 it is

un1is(ute1 that no stri4e *ote as )on1u)te12 li4eise0 the )oolin,!o6 (erio1 as not o+ser*e1 an1 that the !1ay stri4e

+an after the su+&ission of the stri4e *ote as not )o&(lie1 ith sin)e there as no stri4e *ote ta4en.

In 3ne0 (etitioner unionDs +are )ontention that it 1i1 not hol1 a stri4e )annot tru&( the fa)tual 3n1in,s of the "LRC that

(etitioner union in1ee1 stru)4 a,ainst res(on1ent. In fa)t0 an1 &ore i&(ortantly0 (etitioner union faile1 to )o&(ly ith the

reMuire&ents set +y la (rior to hol1in, a stri4e.

Santa Rosa Co)a!Cola Plant E&(loyees nion *. Co)a!Cola ottlers Phils.0 In).0 G.R. "os. $?!0 January ?0

?K! Petitioners )onten1 that hat they )on1u)te1 as a &ere (i)4etin, an1 not a stri4e. In 1isa,reein, to this

)ontention0 the Hi,h Court e&(hasi'e1 that it is not an issue in this )ase that there as a la+or 1is(ute +eteen the (arties

as (etitioners ha1 noti3e1 the res(on1ent of their intention to sta,e a stri4e0 an1 not &erely to (i)4et. PetitionersD

insisten)e to sta,e a stri4e is e*i1ent in the fa)t that an a&en1e1 noti)e of stri4e as 3le1 e*en as res(on1ent &o*e1 to

1is&iss the 3rst noti)e. The +asi) ele&ents of a stri4e are (resent in this )ase: $ &e&+ers of (etitioner nion0 hose

res(e)ti*e a((li)ations for lea*e of a+sen)e on Se(te&+er ?$0 $;;; ere 1isa((ro*e10 o(te1 not to re(ort for or4 on

sai1 1ate0 an1 ,athere1 in front of the )o&(any (re&ises to hol1 a &ass (rotest a)tion. Petitioners 1eli+erately a+sente1

the&sel*es an1 instea1 ore re1 ri++ons an1 )arrie1 (la)ar1s ith slo,ans su)h as: FES QA>I SA STRIQE0 FPROTESTA

QA>I0 FSAHO50 QARAPATA" "G >A"GGAGA%A IPAGLABA"0 FCBA!D%AG BABOI"0 FSTOP "IO" BSTI"G. They

&ar)he1 to an1 fro in front of the )o&(anyDs (re&ises 1urin, or4in, hours. Thus0 (etitioners en,a,e1 in a )on)erte1

a)ti*ity hi)h alrea1y a6e)te1 the )o&(anyDs o(erations. The &ass )on)erte1 a)ti*ity o+*iously )onstitutes a

stri4e. >oreo*er0 the +are fa)t that (etitioners ere ,i*en a >ayorDs (er&it is not )on)lusi*e e*i1en)e that their

a)tiona)ti*ity 1i1 not a&ount to a stri4e. The >ayorDs 1es)ri(tion of hat a)ti*ities (etitioners ere alloe1 to )on1u)t is

in)onseMuential. To re(eat0 hat is 1e3niti*e of hether the a)tion sta,e1 +y (etitioners is a stri4e an1 not &erely a (i)4et

is the totality of the )ir)u&stan)es surroun1in, the situation.


20/24

. Assu&(tion of /uris1i)tion +y the Se)retary of La+or or Certi3)ation of the La+or 1is(ute

to the "LRC for )o&(ulsory ar+itration. ! %hen in the o(inion of the 5OLE Se)retary0 the

la+or 1is(ute )auses or ill li4ely to )ause a stri4e or lo)4out in an in1ustry in1is(ensa+le to the

national interest0 he is e&(oere1 to 1o either of to 7?8 thin,s:

$. He &ay assu&e /uris1i)tion o*er the la+or 1is(ute an1 1e)i1e it hi&self2 or

?.He &ay )ertify it to the "LRC for )o&(ulsory ar+itration0 in hi)h )ase0 it ill +e the "LRC

hi)h shall hear an1 1e)i1e it.

This (oer &ay +e e@er)ise1 +y the 5OLE Se)retary e*en +efore the a)tual sta,in, of a stri4e or

lo)4out sin)eArti)le ?=,K 1oes not reMuire the e@isten)e of a stri4e or lo)4out +ut only of a

la+or 1is(ute in*ol*in, national interest.

9. "ature of Assu&(tion Or1er or Certi3)ation Or1er. ! It is in the nature of a(oli)e

(oer &easure. This is 1one for the (ro&otion of the )o&&on ,oo1 )onsi1erin, that a

(rolon,e1 stri4e or lo)4out )an +e ini&i)al to the national e)ono&y. The 5OLE Se)retary is

&an1ate1 to a)t to &aintain in1ustrial (ea)e. Thus0 his assu&in, /uris1i)tion o*er a la+or 1is(ute

or his )erti3)ation thereof to the "LRC for )o&(ulsory ar+itration is not inten1e1 to i&(e1e the

or4ersD ri,ht to stri4e +ut to o+tain a s(ee1y settle&ent of the 1is(ute. It is )on3ne1 only in la+or

1is(utes in*ol*in, in1ustries in1is(ensa+le to the national interest . A (rolon,e1 stri4e or

lo)4out in su)h in1ustries )an +e ini&i)al to the national e)ono&y an10 therefore0 the situation is

i&+ue1 ith (u+li) ne)essity an1 in*ol*es the ri,ht of the State an1 the (u+li) to self!(rote)tion.

E6e)ts of )erti3)ation of la+or 1is(utes to the "LRC0 si&ilar to those assu&e1 1ire)tly

+y the 5OLE Se)retary. ! The folloin, are the e6e)ts of +oth assu&(tion or )erti3)ation of

la+or 1is(utes:

a. On inten1e1 or i&(en1in, stri4e or lo)4out. (on assu&(tion or )erti3)ation0 the

inten1e1 or i&(en1in, stri4e or lo)4out is auto&ati)ally en/oine10 notithstan1in, the 3lin,

of any &otion for re)onsi1eration of the )erti3)ation or1er or the non!resolution of any su)h

&otion hi)h &ay ha*e +een 1uly su+&itte1 to the O)e of the 5OLE Se)retary.

+. On a)tual stri4e or lo)4out.If a or4 sto((a,e has alrea1y ta4en (la)e at the ti&e of the

assu&(tion or )erti3)ation0 all stri4in, or lo)4e1!out e&(loyees shall i&&e1iately return to

or4 an1 the e&(loyer shall i&&e1iately resu&e o(erations an1 rea1&it all or4ers un1er

the sa&e ter&s an1 )on1itions (re*ailin, +efore the stri4e or lo)4out.

). On )ases alrea1y 3le1 or &ay +e 3le1. All )ases +eteen the sa&e (arties0 e@)e(t here

the assu&(tion or )erti3)ation or1er s(e)i3es otherise0 the issues su+&itte1 for

ar+itration hi)h are alrea1y 3le1 or &ay +e 3le1 an1 are rele*ant to or are (ro(er in)i1ents

of the )erti3e1 )ase0 shall +e )onsi1ere1 su+su&e1 or a+sor+e1 +y the assu&e1 or )erti3e1
http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article263http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article263http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article263


21/24


22/24

7?8 Lia+ility of or1inary or4ers. < The &ere 3n1in, or 1e)laration of ille,ality of a stri4e ill

not result in ter&ination of or1inary union &e&+ers. or an or1inary union &e&+er to

su6er ter&ination0 it &ust +e shon that he has )o&&itte1 ille,al a)ts 1urin, the stri4e.

Lia+ility for ille,al a)ts shoul1 +e 1eter&ine1 on an in1i*i1ual +asis. In all )ases0 the errin,

stri4ers &ust +e i1enti3e1 in1i*i1ually an1 the s(e)i3) ille,al a)ts they ea)h )o&&itte1shoul1 +e 1es)ri+e1 ith (arti)ularity.

78 Lia+ility of e&(loyer. < The e&(loyer is lia+le to (ay +a)4a,es0 1a&a,es an1 other

ar&ati*e reliefs0 in)lu1in, )ri&inal (rose)ution in )ase of 1e3an)e of return!to!or4 or1er.

78 %ai*er of ille,ality of stri4e. < The e&(loyer &ay ai*e e@(ressly or i&(lie1ly the ille,ality

of the stri4e. An e&(loyer &ay +e )onsi1ere1 to ha*e ai*e1 its ri,ht to (ro)ee1 a,ainst the

stri4in, e&(loyees for alle,e1 )o&&ission of ille,al a)ts 1urin, the stri4e hen0 1urin, a

)onferen)e +efore the Chair&an of the "LRC0 it a,ree1 to reinstate the& an1 )o&(ly fully

ith the return!to!or4 or1er issue1 +y the 5OLE Se)retary.[10]

$$.In/un)tions. < The rule is note&(orary or (er&anent in/un)tion or restrainin, or1er in any

)ase in*ol*in, or ,roin, out of la+or 1is(utes shall +e issue1 +y any )ourt or other

entity0e@)e(tas otherise (ro*i1e1 in Arti)les ?$9 7referrin, to the in/un)tion (oer of the

"LRC8 an1 ? 7referrin, to the (rohi+ite1 a)ti*ities 1urin, a stri4e or lo)4out8 of the sa&e Co1e.

7a8 ReMuisites for La+or In/un)tions. ! A (reli&inary or (er&anent in/un)tion &ay +e ,rante1

only after hearin, the testi&ony of itnesses an1 ith o((ortunity for )ross!e@a&ination in

su((ort of the alle,ations of the )o&(laint or (etition &a1e un1er oath0 an1 testi&ony +y

ay of o((osition thereto0 if o6ere10 an1 only after a 3n1in, of fa)t +y the Co&&ission

7"LRC8:

7a8 That (rohi+ite1 or unlaful a)ts ha*e +een threatene1 an1 ill +e )o&&itte1 an1 ill +e

)ontinue1 unless restraine10 +ut no in/un)tion or te&(orary restrainin, or1er shall +e

issue1 on a))ount of any threat0 (rohi+ite1 or unlaful a)t0 e@)e(ta,ainst the (erson

or (ersons0 asso)iation or or,ani'ation &a4in, the threat or )o&&ittin, the (rohi+ite1

or unlaful a)t or a)tually authori'in, or ratifyin, the sa&e after a)tual 4nole1,e

thereof.

7+8 That su+stantial an1 irre(ara+le in/ury to (etitionerUs (ro(erty ill follo2

7)8 That as to ea)h ite& of relief to +e ,rante10 ,reater in/ury ill +e ini)te1 u(on the

(etitioner +y the 1enial of relief than ill +e ini)te1 u(on res(on1ents +y the ,rantin,

of relief2

718 That (etitioner has no a1eMuate re&e1y at la2 an1

7e8 That the (u+li) o)ers )har,e1 ith the 1uty to (rote)t (etitionerUs (ro(erty

are una+le or unillin, to furnish a1eMuate (rote)tion.


23/24

Can the stri4e itself +e en/oine1-- In so&e )ases0 in/un)tions issue1 to en/oin the

)on1u)t of the stri4e itself an1 not only the )o&&ission of ille,al or (rohi+ite1 a)ts in the

)ourse thereof0 ere hel1 to +e *ali1.

San >i,uel Cor(oration *. "LRC0 G.R. "o. $$;?;0 June $0 ?K.! The Su(re&e

Court rule1 that in/un)tion &ay +e issue1 not only a,ainst the )o&&ission of ille,al a)ts inthe )ourse of the stri4e +ut a,ainst the stri4e itself. In this )ase0 the noti)e of stri4e 3le1 +y

the union has +een )on*erte1 into a (re*enti*e &e1iation )ase. Ha*in, +een so )on*erte10

a stri4e )an no lon,er +e sta,e1 +ase1 on sai1 noti)e. (on su)h )on*ersion0 the le,al e6e)t

is that there is no &ore noti)e of stri4e to s(ea4 of. %hen the "C>B or1ere1 the (re*enti*e

&e1iation0 the union ha1 thereu(on lost the noti)e of stri4e it ha1 3le1. Hoe*er0 the "C>B

hi)h e6e)te1 the )on*ersion has0 un1er the la0 no )oer)i*e (oers of in/un)tion.

ConseMuently0 (etitioner )o&(any in the instant )ase sou,ht re)ourse fro& the "LRC. The

"LRC0 hoe*er0 issue1 a TRO only for the free in,ress to an1 e,ress fro& (etitionerDs (lants0

+ut 1i1 not en/oin the )on1u)t of the unlaful stri4e itself. It i,nore1 the fatal la)4 of noti)e

of stri4e )onseMuent to the )on*ersion thereof into a (re*enti*e &e1iation )ase. Arti)le ?

aKof the La+or Co1ee@(li)itly states that a 1e)laration of stri4e ithout 3rst ha*in, 3le1 the

reMuire1 noti)e is a (rohi+ite1 a)ti*ity0 hi)h &ay +e (re*ente1 throu,h an in/un)tion in

a))or1an)e ith Arti)le ? of the sa&e Co1e.Clearly0 (u+li) res(on1ent shoul1 ha*e

,rante1 the in/un)ti*e relief to (re*ent the ,ra*e 1a&a,e +rou,ht a+out +y the unlaful

stri4e.

San >i,uel Cor(oration *. "LRC0 G.R. "o. ;;?0 >ar)h ?0 $;;;0 SCRA $K! In this

)ase0 the sa&e issue of "LRCDs 1uty to en/oin an unlaful stri4e as raise1. The Su(re&e

Court rule1 that the "LRC )o&&itte1 ,ra*e a+use of 1is)retion hen it 1enie1 the (etition

for in/un)tion to restrain the union fro& 1e)larin, a stri4e +ase1 on non!stri4ea+le ,roun1s.

ILa at u4lo1 n, >an,,a,aa I >K *. "LRC0G.R. "o. ;$;90 June ?0 $;;$0 $;9

SCRA B9K! It as hel1 here that it is the Fle,al 1uty an1 o+li,ation of the "LRC to en/oin a

(artial stri4e sta,e1 in *iolation of the la. ailure to (ro&(tly issue an in/un)tion +y the

"LRC as li4eise hel1 therein to +e an a+use of 1is)retion.

7+8 FInno)ent ystan1er Rule. < This rule is a((li)a+le to(i)4etin,hi)h a1*ersely a6e)t

thir1 (arty!e&(loyers or Finno)ent +ystan1ers not in*ol*e1 in the la+or 1is(ute. n1er

this rule0 the thir1 (arty!e&(loyers ho ha*e no e&(loyer!e&(loyee relationshi( ith

the (i)4eters0 &ay a((ly for in/un)tion ith the re,ular )ourtsto en/oin the )on1u)t ofthe (i)4et. A+sent su)h e&(loyer!e&(loyee relationshi(0 it is the re,ular )ourt an1 not

the "LRChi)h has /uris1i)tion to entertain su)h a((li)ation for in/un)tion fro&

Finno)ent +ystan1ers. If it is the e&(loyer hi)h a((lies for in/un)tion0 the "LRC0

an1 not the re,ular )ourt0 hi)h has /uris1i)tion thereo*er sin)e there e@ists an

e&(loyer!e&(loyee relationshi( +eteen the e&(loyer an1 the (i)4eters.
http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/San%20Miguel%20Corporation%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%20119293,%20June%2010,%202003.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/San%20Miguel%20Corporation%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%20119293,%20June%2010,%202003.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/San%20Miguel%20Corporation%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%20119293,%20June%2010,%202003.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article264ProhibitedActivitiesAhttp://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article264ProhibitedActivitiesAhttp://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article264ProhibitedActivitiesAhttp://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.LAWS/PRESIDENTIAL%20DECREE%20No.%20442.%20THE%20LABOR%20CODE%20OF%20THE%20PHILIPPINES.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.LAWS/PRESIDENTIAL%20DECREE%20No.%20442.%20THE%20LABOR%20CODE%20OF%20THE%20PHILIPPINES.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article254http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Ilaw%20at%20Buklod%20ng%20Manggagawa%20(IBM),%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%2091980,%20June%2027,%201991.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Ilaw%20at%20Buklod%20ng%20Manggagawa%20(IBM),%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%2091980,%20June%2027,%201991.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Ilaw%20at%20Buklod%20ng%20Manggagawa%20(IBM),%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%2091980,%20June%2027,%201991.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/San%20Miguel%20Corporation%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%20119293,%20June%2010,%202003.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article264ProhibitedActivitiesAhttp://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article264ProhibitedActivitiesAhttp://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.LAWS/PRESIDENTIAL%20DECREE%20No.%20442.%20THE%20LABOR%20CODE%20OF%20THE%20PHILIPPINES.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/index.php/lecture-materials/2106-bar-subjects/labor-law/labor-law--prof-joselito-guianan-chan/82396-labor-law--PART-SEVEN-LABOR-RELATIONS-LAW#Article254http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Ilaw%20at%20Buklod%20ng%20Manggagawa%20(IBM),%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%2091980,%20June%2027,%201991.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0http://www.chanroblesbar.com.ph/PDF.JURISPRUDENCE/Ilaw%20at%20Buklod%20ng%20Manggagawa%20(IBM),%20vs.%20NLRC,%20G.R.%20No.%2091980,%20June%2027,%201991.pdf#toolbar=0&navpanes=0


24/24

%hen (i)4etin, &ay +e en/oine1. !As a ,eneral rule0 in/un)tion )annot +e issue1

a,ainst the )on1u)t of (i)4etin, +y the or4ers. n1er our )onstitutional set u(0

(i)4etin, is )onsi1ere1 (art of the free1o& of s(ee)h 1uly ,uarantee1 +y the

Constitution. Hoe*er0 e/"eptedfro& this le,al (ros)ri(tion is hen (i)4etin, is )arrie1

out throu,h the use of ille,al &eans

[11]

or here (i)4etin, in*ol*es the use of *iolen)ean1 other ille,al a)ts.[12]

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Documents

7.Labor Relations Law