7.4. North American Security and Terrorism

Before September 11

7.4. North American Security and Terrorism

Pre-September 11 Angst:– 1989 US-Canadian Bilateral Consultative Group on

Counter-terrorism Cooperation– National Counter-Terrorism Plan (1989)– 1996 Integrated Border Enforcement Teams (IBETs)– 1999 “Millennium Bomber”– 2000 CSIS Report– 2000 Budget (RCMP, Customs, Citizenship and

Immigration)– Feb. 2001 Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and

Emergency Preparedness

7.4. North American Security and Terrorism

September 11: The Immediate Reaction

7.4. North American Security and Terrorism

Responding to September 11The “perimeter” and “harmonization” issues

7.4. North American Security and Terrorism

Responding to September 11The “perimeter” and “harmonization” issues The Smart Border Declaration

7.4. North American Security and Terrorism

Responding to September 11The “perimeter” and “harmonization” issues The Smart Border DeclarationInternal Measures

Internal Measures

• Cabinet-level National Security Committee

Internal Measures

• Cabinet-level National Security Committee• Anti-Terrorism Act (December 2001)

Internal Measures

• Cabinet-level National Security Committee• Anti-Terrorism Act (December 2001)• Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (June

2002)

Internal Measures

• Cabinet-level National Security Committee• Anti-Terrorism Act (December 2001)• Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (June

2002)• National Security Strategy (April 2004)

The National Security Strategy

• Provides a framework for action in six areas: intelligence; emergency management; public health; transportation; border security; and international security

• Key new measures:– a Critical Infrastructure Protection Strategy– a Cyber-security Task Force – Health Emergency Response Teams– an Integrated Threat Assessment Centre and Government

Operation Centre

Internal Measures

• Cabinet-level National Security Committee• Anti-Terrorism Act (December 2001)• Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (June

2002)• 2001 Budget• National Security Strategy (April 2004)• Other initiatives

Other Initiatives

• The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (April 2002)

• An increased role for the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada

• The Container Security Initiative • The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code• Migration Integrity Officers • Integrated National Security Enforcement Teams

(INSETs)

7.4. North American Security and Terrorism

Responding to September 11The “perimeter” and “harmonization” issues The Smart Border DeclarationInternal MeasuresReacting to American initiatives

Reacting to American Initiatives

US Border concerns– State Department 2002 Report on Terrorism– Senate Committee Report, January 2003– 2004 Library of Congress Report– US government speculation on border measures– Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative

Reacting to American Initiatives

US Border concernsHomeland Security– US Department (formerly Office) of Homeland Security

(November 2002)– Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness

Canada (2003)• The department consolidates: the Office of Critical Infrastructure

Protection and Emergency Preparedness; the Solicitor General’s Office; the Royal Canadian Mounted Police; the Canadian Security and Intelligence Service; the Correctional Service of Canada; the National Parole Board; the Canada Firearms Centre; the Canada Border Services Agency.

Reacting to American Initiatives

US Border concernsHomeland SecurityNorthern Command (NORTHCOM): April 2002

Reacting to American Initiatives

US Border concernsHomeland SecurityNorthern Command (NORTHCOM)– Canada Command

Reacting to American Initiatives

US Border concernsHomeland SecurityNorthern Command (NORTHCOM)The Bi-national Planning Group (December

2002)

7.4. North American Security and Terrorism

Responding to September 11The “perimeter” and “harmonization” issues The Smart Border DeclarationInternal MeasuresReacting to American initiativesThe Security and Prosperity Partnership (March

2005)

The Security and Prosperity Partnership

• emergency preparedness and infrastructure protection

• aviation, border, and maritime security

• economic cooperation

The 2010 Olympics

The security context

The 2010 Olympics

Security Challenges

The 2010 Olympics

Security at the Vancouver games

The 2010 Olympics

Cost

The 2010 Olympics

Perspectives on Olympic security