ECOLOGY

BY GROUP 1

7.1.1 Biosphere, biogeographical regions, biomess, habitats, microhabitats, ecological niche 7.1.2 The environment a. The physical environment b. The biotic environment 7.1.3 The scope of ecology 7.1.4 Factors affecting the distribution of Organism 7.1.5 Aquatic and terrestrial biomes

7.1 Introduction to Ecology

7.1.1 Biosphere,biogeographical regions,biomess,habitats,microhabitats, ecological niche

BIOSPHERE The parts of the land, sea, and atmosphere in which organisms ar

e able to live. 

The biosphere is an irregularly shaped, relatively thin zone in which life is concentrated on or near the Earth's surface and throughout its waters.

BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS An area of animal and plant distribution having similar or shared

characteristics throughout

Biogeographic regions determined independently for different groups of organisms usually coincide

Helps understand evolutionary and geological factors that contributed to regional patterns of biodiversity

• Palaearctic*: Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, the Himalayas and northern Asia.

• Nearctic: Canada, the U.S.A. and temperate Mexico.

• Neotropical: Central and South America.

• Afrotropical: Sub-Saharan Africa.

• Oriental: India to Indonesia.• Australasian: Australia, New

Zealand and New Guinea.

(* The division of the Palaearctic into an eastern and a western subregion follows that given by de Lattin (1967), which approximates to the course of the Yenisey River in Russia.)

BIOMESS A biomess is a large region characterized by a specific kind of

climate and certain kinds of plant and animal communities

There are terrestrial biomes (land) and aquatic biomes,both freshwater and marine(saltwater)

HABITATS

A habitat is a place where animals or plants live,where they get food,water and shelter. 

Habitats vary greatly from organism to organism,because all living things have different needs of survival.

Some species have flexible habitat needs,while other species require very specific habitats in order to survive.

MICROHABITATS The precise location within a habitat where a species is normally found

It is a small ,often highly specialized, and effectively isolated location

The term microhabitat generally applies to invertebrates which do not forage widely

Example: Within a woodland habitat, woodlice may be found in the microhabitat provided beneath the bark of the rotting wood

ECOLOGICAL NICHE

The place or function of a given organism within its ecosystem.

Niche: A species role within it’s habitat

Different organisms may compete for the same niche.

Example: in a forest there may be a niche for an organism that can fly and eat nectar from blossoms.

The Scope Of Ecology

Ecology is a term coined from the Greek oikos, which means home, and the Latin and Greek roots of our word logic, which refers to scientific study or thought.

Emphasis

It was planned on specific characteristics .

To be successful in its habit .

Ecology represents an extension of that hierarchy :

Species : individuals identified by their common genetic makeup , behavior , physical characteristic and ability breed .

Population : individual of particular species with given area .

Community : consists of all living organism in a given area .

Ecosystem : biotic and abiotic companents of a habitat and interrelationship .

Biosphere : connected to all ecosystem and data of their interrelationship

Homeostasis

Process – photosynthesis

- metabolism

Materials – oxygen

- nutrients

- carbon dioxide

- waste

Organism – predators

- prey

THE END

-THANKYOU-