7-1 Chapter 7 IT Infrastructures Business-Driven Technology

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Chapter 7Chapter 7

IT InfrastructuresIT Infrastructures

Business-Driven TechnologyBusiness-Driven Technology

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Chapter OverviewChapter Overview Organizational Goals and StrategiesOrganizational Goals and Strategies Increase Employee ProductivityIncrease Employee Productivity Enhance Decision MakingEnhance Decision Making Improve Team CollaborationImprove Team Collaboration Create Business Partnerships and AlliancesCreate Business Partnerships and Alliances Enable Global ReachEnable Global Reach Facilitate Organizational TransformationFacilitate Organizational Transformation IT Infrastructures and The Real WorldIT Infrastructures and The Real World

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Opening Case StudyOpening Case StudyWhat’s The Difference Between Napster What’s The Difference Between Napster

and Gnutella?and Gnutella?

Napster and Gnutella have similar Napster and Gnutella have similar products that use different IT products that use different IT infrastructures.infrastructures.

Why is it important that a company build a Why is it important that a company build a solid IT infrastructure?solid IT infrastructure?

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IntroductionIntroduction

IT infrastructure - IT infrastructure - includes the hardware, includes the hardware, software, and software, and telecommunications telecommunications equipment that, when equipment that, when combined, provide the combined, provide the underlying foundation to underlying foundation to support the support the organization’s goals.organization’s goals.

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Organizational Goals and Organizational Goals and StrategiesStrategies

1.1. Increase employee productivityIncrease employee productivity

2.2. Enhance decision makingEnhance decision making

3.3. Improve team collaborationImprove team collaboration

4.4. Create business partnerships and Create business partnerships and alliancesalliances

5.5. Enable global reachEnable global reach

6.6. Facilitate organizational transformationFacilitate organizational transformation

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Increase Employee Productivity Increase Employee Productivity

Client/server networkClient/server network - a network in which one - a network in which one or more computers are servers and provide or more computers are servers and provide services to the other computers which are called services to the other computers which are called clients. clients. Thin clientThin client - a workstation with a small amount of - a workstation with a small amount of

processing power.processing power.

Global reach - Global reach - the ability to extend a company’s the ability to extend a company’s reach to customers anywhere there is an reach to customers anywhere there is an Internet connection, and at a much lower cost. Internet connection, and at a much lower cost.

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Increase Employee ProductivityIncrease Employee Productivity

IntranetIntranet - an internal organizational Internet that - an internal organizational Internet that is guarded against outside access by a special is guarded against outside access by a special security feature called a firewall.security feature called a firewall.

ExtranetExtranet – is an Intranet that is restricted to an – is an Intranet that is restricted to an organization and certain outsiders, such as organization and certain outsiders, such as customers and suppliers. customers and suppliers.

Backup Backup andand recovery recovery

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Increase Employee ProductivityIncrease Employee Productivity Disaster recovery planDisaster recovery plan - a detailed process for - a detailed process for

recovering information or an IT system in the event recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster. of a catastrophic disaster.

Hot siteHot site Cold siteCold site

Disaster recovery cost curve – Disaster recovery cost curve – chartscharts1.1. The cost to your organization of the unavailability of The cost to your organization of the unavailability of

information and technology.information and technology.2.2. The cost to your organization of recovering from a The cost to your organization of recovering from a

disaster over time. disaster over time.

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Factors for Increasing Employee Factors for Increasing Employee ProductivityProductivity

AvailabilityAvailability AccessibilityAccessibility Reliability Reliability

Data cleansingData cleansing - the process of ensuring that - the process of ensuring that all information is accurate. all information is accurate.

ScalabilityScalability – how well your system can – how well your system can adapt to increased demandsadapt to increased demands

Flexibility Flexibility

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Increase Employee ProductivityIncrease Employee Productivity

Performance -Performance - measures how quickly an IT measures how quickly an IT system performs a certain process. system performs a certain process. BenchmarkBenchmark - a set of conditions used to - a set of conditions used to

measure how well a product or system measure how well a product or system functions. functions.

Capacity planningCapacity planning - determines the future - determines the future IT infrastructure requirements for new IT infrastructure requirements for new equipment and additional network capacity. equipment and additional network capacity.

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Exercises for Increasing Employee Exercises for Increasing Employee ProductivityProductivity

On Your Own

Increase StudentProductivity

(p. 340)

Team Work

IT Components and Factors

(p. 339)

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Enhance Decision MakingEnhance Decision Making

IntegrationIntegration - allows - allows separate systems to separate systems to communicate directly communicate directly with each other by with each other by automatically automatically exporting data files exporting data files from one system and from one system and importing them into importing them into another. another.

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Enhance Decision MakingEnhance Decision Making

Enterprise application integration (EAI)Enterprise application integration (EAI) - the - the process of developing an IT infrastructure that process of developing an IT infrastructure that enables employees to quickly implement new enables employees to quickly implement new or changing business processes. or changing business processes.

Enterprise application integration Enterprise application integration middleware (EAI Middleware)middleware (EAI Middleware) - supports - supports different levels of integration from the different levels of integration from the information level to the business process level. information level to the business process level.

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Improve Team CollaborationImprove Team Collaboration

Document management systemDocument management system - manages a - manages a document through its life cycle. document through its life cycle.

Enterprise information portals (EIPs) -Enterprise information portals (EIPs) - allow allow knowledge workers to access company information knowledge workers to access company information via a Web interface. via a Web interface. Collaborative processing enterprise information Collaborative processing enterprise information

portal - portal - access to workgroup information such as e-access to workgroup information such as e-mails, reports, meeting minutes, and memos. mails, reports, meeting minutes, and memos.

Decision processing enterprise information portal -Decision processing enterprise information portal - corporate information for making key business decisions.corporate information for making key business decisions.

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Improve Team CollaborationImprove Team Collaboration

Workflow - Workflow - defines all of the steps or business defines all of the steps or business rules required for a process to run correctly. rules required for a process to run correctly.

Workflow systemsWorkflow systems - automate processes. - automate processes. Messaging-based workflow systemsMessaging-based workflow systems - send work - send work

assignments through an e-mail system. assignments through an e-mail system. Database-based workflow systems - Database-based workflow systems - store the store the

document in a central location and automatically asks document in a central location and automatically asks the knowledge workers to access the document. the knowledge workers to access the document.

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Improving Team CollaborationImproving Team Collaboration

Check out the “On Your Own” exercise

Working TogetherAs A Team

(p. 345)

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Create Business Partnerships Create Business Partnerships and Alliancesand Alliances

Customer relationship management (CRM) Customer relationship management (CRM) systems - systems - use information about customers to use information about customers to gain insights into their needs, wants, and gain insights into their needs, wants, and behaviors in order to serve them better. behaviors in order to serve them better. Front office systems - Front office systems - the primary interface to the primary interface to

customers and sales channels. customers and sales channels. Back office systems -Back office systems - used to fulfill and support used to fulfill and support

customer orders.customer orders.

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Create Business Partnerships Create Business Partnerships and Alliances and Alliances

A sample CRM infrastructureA sample CRM infrastructure

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Create Business Partnerships Create Business Partnerships and Alliances and Alliances

Sales force automation (SFA) systems -Sales force automation (SFA) systems - automatically track all of the steps in the automatically track all of the steps in the sales process. sales process.

Electronic catalog - Electronic catalog - designed to present designed to present products to customers or partners all over products to customers or partners all over the world via the Web.the world via the Web.

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Create Business Partnerships Create Business Partnerships and Alliancesand Alliances

Supply Chain Supply Chain Management (SCM) Management (SCM) Systems - Systems - track track inventory and inventory and information among information among business processes business processes and across and across companies.companies.

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Enable Global Reach Enable Global Reach

Internet service providerInternet service provider ( (ISPISP) - a company ) - a company that provides access to the Internet. that provides access to the Internet.

Application service provider (ASP) - Application service provider (ASP) - a a company that provides an outsourcing service company that provides an outsourcing service for businesses software applications. for businesses software applications.

Service Level Agreements (SLAs)Service Level Agreements (SLAs) - define the - define the specific responsibilities of the service provider specific responsibilities of the service provider and set the customer expectations. and set the customer expectations.

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A sample ASP infrastructureA sample ASP infrastructure

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CollocationCollocation - a company rents space and - a company rents space and telecommunications equipment from another telecommunications equipment from another company, or a collocation vendor. company, or a collocation vendor.

Server farmServer farm - the name of a location that stores - the name of a location that stores a group of servers in a single place. a group of servers in a single place.

Web farmWeb farm – is either a Web site that has – is either a Web site that has multiple servers, or an ISP that provides Web multiple servers, or an ISP that provides Web site outsourcing services using multiple servers. site outsourcing services using multiple servers.

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Facilitate Organizational Facilitate Organizational Transformation Transformation

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)Enterprise resource planning (ERP) - - the the method of getting and keeping an overview of method of getting and keeping an overview of every part of the business (a bird’s eye view, so every part of the business (a bird’s eye view, so to speak), so that production, development, to speak), so that production, development, selling, and servicing of goods and services will selling, and servicing of goods and services will all be coordinated to contribute to the company’s all be coordinated to contribute to the company’s

goals and objectives.goals and objectives.

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Enterprise softwareEnterprise software - a suite of software that - a suite of software that includes: includes:

1.1. A set of common business applications.A set of common business applications.2.2. Tools for modeling how the entire organization Tools for modeling how the entire organization

works.works.3.3. Development tools for building applications unique Development tools for building applications unique

to your organization.to your organization.

Computer-aided software engineering Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) (CASE) tools -tools - software suites that automate software suites that automate systems development. systems development.

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A sample enterprise software A sample enterprise software infrastructureinfrastructure

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Facilitate Organizational Facilitate Organizational TransformationTransformation

Legacy systemsLegacy systems - - are IT systems are IT systems previously built using older technologies previously built using older technologies such as mainframe computers and such as mainframe computers and programming languages such as COBOL. programming languages such as COBOL.

Business process reengineering (BPR)Business process reengineering (BPR) - the reinventing of processes within a - the reinventing of processes within a business. business.

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IT Infrastructures and the IT Infrastructures and the Real WorldReal World

Remember to ask yourself the following Remember to ask yourself the following questions before approving the IT questions before approving the IT infrastructure design: infrastructure design:

How big is your department going to grow? How big is your department going to grow? Will the system be able to handle additional users?Will the system be able to handle additional users? How are your customers going to grow? How are your customers going to grow? How much additional information do you expect to How much additional information do you expect to

store each year?store each year? How long will you maintain information in the How long will you maintain information in the

systems? systems? How much history do you want to keep on each How much history do you want to keep on each

customer?customer?

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IT Infrastructures and the IT Infrastructures and the Real WorldReal World

Team Work

Choosing An ERP Vendor(p. 356)

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Closing Case StudiesClosing Case Studies University InfrastructuresUniversity Infrastructures

How can a university ensure they have How can a university ensure they have implemented a solid IT infrastructure?implemented a solid IT infrastructure?

Document Management Solutions In The Document Management Solutions In The Automotive IndustryAutomotive Industry What types of IT infrastructure components What types of IT infrastructure components

has Ford used to help increase employee has Ford used to help increase employee productivity and team collaboration?productivity and team collaboration?

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Chapter Summary Chapter Summary Checkout some of the exercisesCheckout some of the exercises

1.1. An EIP for your courseAn EIP for your course

2.2. Sponsor of the IT InfrastructureSponsor of the IT Infrastructure

3.3. IT Infrastructure components and the IT Infrastructure components and the real worldreal world

4.4. Creating the ideal infrastructureCreating the ideal infrastructure

5.5. The complete IT infrastructureThe complete IT infrastructure

6.6. Creating a campus IT infrastructureCreating a campus IT infrastructure

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Visit the Web site for the Haag Visit the Web site for the Haag texttext

www.mhhe.com/haagwww.mhhe.com/haag Online magazinesOnline magazines Online movie listings and reviewsOnline movie listings and reviews Cooking from the InternetCooking from the Internet Highly useful miscellaneous sitesHighly useful miscellaneous sites Capacity planningCapacity planning

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7-1 Chapter 7 IT Infrastructures Business-Driven Technology