6901265 FESTO Basic Pnuematics

8/9/2019 6901265 FESTO Basic Pnuematics

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Universit ofAu ust 28

Air is our medium

Motion is our business

Service is our mission

FESTO DIDACTIC


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Industrial Pneumatics


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Topic Outline:

Physical principles of Pneumatic and Electrical system Functions and use of Electro-Pneumatic components Recogniing and dra!ing of pneumatic and Electro-

Pneumatic sym"ols and circuit diagrams Reprensentation of motion se#uences and operating

status Dra!ing of pneumatic and electrical circuits diagrams Direct and indirect manual controls Direct and indirect stro$e-dependent controls %ogical A&D'OR function of s!itch-on signals

Time dependent controls !ith Time-Delay (al)es Pressure-dependent controls !ith PE con)erters Pre-select counters Trou"le-shooting Electro-Pneumatic controls


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PNEUMA- ree! root term means "breath

It is the industrial implementation and application

of air po!ered actuators *cylinders andmotors+ and their control de)ices *valves+ neededin their operation,

ranch of science !hich deals !ith the study ofgases especially air. its properties and applicationat pressure higher *compressed+ or lo!er*vacuum+ than atmospheric,

What isPneumatics?


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Compressed Air as a WorkingMediumAD(A&TA/ES0

Air is a)aila"le e)ery!here

Compressed air is easily con)eyed in pipelines o)erlarge distances

Compressed air is insensiti)e to temperature1uctuations

Compressed air need not "e returned

Compressed air is e2plosion proof

Compressed air is clean

Compressed air is fast

Straight line mo)ement can "e produced directly


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Compressed Air as a WorkingMedium

DISAD(A&TA/ES

Compressed air is a relati)ely e2pensi)e meansof con)eying energy

Compressed air re#uires good conditioning It is only economical up to a certain forcee2penditure

Air is compressi"le

E2haust air is loud *reduced "y using silencers+ The oil mist mi2ed !ith air for lu"ricating

purposes e2haust or escapes to the atmosphere


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COMPREOR



Single Acting Cylinder

Diameters 34mm to 56mm

Stro$e %engths 7mm to 74mm

ample o! ingle Acting C"linders



Piston

Rod

Sprin

g

Connection

Seal

earing

(ent



ingle Acting C"linders

If compressed air is supplied.air hits the piston surfaceand the piston rod mo)esout, 8hen air is released. the

return spring mo)es thepiston to its initial position,

Single acting cylinders do!or$ in one !ay. thereforethey are ideal for tensioning.e9ecting. compressing etc,



Operation o! ingle Acting C"linders



Force : Pressure 2 Area*piston+




#O$%&E'ACT()* C+&()#ER

Stro!e #engt$ %00mm &ma'(


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Piston

Rod

Connections

ase end Rod end

Seals

earing

8iper


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#ou,le Acting C"linders -ith AirCushioning

8hen the piston approaches its ;nal position. the dampingpiston shuts o< the direct air-outlet, E2cess pressure sets up anair-cushion in the remaining cylinder )olume and $inetic energyis con)erted into pressure, At this stage. air may only lea)e thecylinder through a controlled cross section of stream discharge,


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Cushioning slee)es

Cushioning ad9ustment

Seals

&on-return )al)e

Operation o! #ou,le Acting C"linders-ith Air Cushioning


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Au ust 28

=echanically coupled =agnetically coupled

Rodless cylinders or %inearDri)es are used !hen longstro$es are re#uired or little;tting space is a)aila"le,

Rodless C"linders


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Con)entional Dou"le Acting Cylinders re#uire space to housethe cylinder,

Plus space to carry out the !or$,

=ore e


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P)E$MAT(C .A&.E

/$)CT(O) :

open and close 1o! paths

regulate pressure

directs 1o! to )arious paths

ad9ust 1o! )olume


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W(TC0()* +M%O& /OR .A&.E

The )al)e s!itching position is sho!n "y a s#uare,

The num"er of s#uares corresponds to the num"er ofs!itching position,

%ines indicate the 1o! paths. arro!s indicate the direction of 1o!,

Closed ports are sho!n "y t!o lines dra!n at right angles toone another,

The connecting lines for supply and e2haust air are dra!n outside thes#uare,


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Ports and Switching Position

&um"er of ports &um"er of s!itching positions

6'6 > !ay )al)e. normally open position

5'6 > !ay )al)e. normally closed position

5'6 > !ay )al)e. normally open position

7'6 > !ay )al)e. 1o! from 3-6 and from ?-7

3

1

3

1

2

2

1

2

2

3

4

5 %


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W(TC0E

PO(TO) :normally open

normally closed

CO)TACTCO)/(*$RAT(O) :

normally open contact

normally closed contact

changeo)er contact

Contact load---------------3A *ma2Po!er consumption------4,?@8


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DEFI&ITIO&0a de)ice !hich is primarily used as anelectromagnet used to dri)e a plunger forthe purpose of control actuation,

OPERATI&/ PRI&CIP%E0

passing an electric current through a coilof copper !ire generates an

electromagnetic ;eldadding turns to the coil strengthens theE=F !hile the lines of force areconcentrated through the circular form of

the coil and the E=F is greatly increased

O&E)O(#


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123 ' -a" #irectional Control.al4e5 olenoid Actuated5pring Returned

8hen an electric current isapplied to the coil. an E=Fis generated !hich lifts thelo!er sealing lips of thearmature and opens thepassage for pilot air, Pilot airthen applies pressure on thediaphragm !hich thencauses the )al)e to s!itchits position,

pon remo)al of thecurrent. the pilot airpassage closes and a springreturns the )al)e to itsnormal s!itching position,


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E#E)T*+)A# S+NA#

APP#+E T S#EN+

S#EN+ A)TUATES

P+#T A#E

P+#T A)TUATES

MA+N A#E

P(&OT (*)A&/&OW

y using pilot control. the sie of the solenoidCan "e $ept to a minimum,

=ain Ad)antages 0

B It reduced po!er consumptionB it reduced heat generation


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Rela"s

Relays are electro-magnetically actuateds!itches, They consist of a housing !ithelectromagnet and mo)a"le contacts, Anelectromagnetic ;eld is created !hen a )oltage

is applied to the coil of the electromagnet, Thisresults in attraction of the mo)a"le armature tothe coil core, The armature actuates thecontact assem"ly,This contact assem"ly canopen or close a speci;c num"er of contacts "y

mechanical means, If the 1o! of currentthrough the coil is interrupted. a spring returnsthe armature to its original position,


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Rela"s

/

A%

A2

%

2


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Ad4antages o! Rela"s

Easily adapted to )arious operating )oltages

&ot much a


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623 a #irectional Control


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623 ' -a" #irectional Control.al4e5 olenoid Actuated5 pringReturned

8hen the solenoid isenergied. the armaturemo)es and the pilot airpassage opens, The pilotair applies pressure to theleft side of the )al)e pistonresulting to the )al)es!itching its position,

pon remo)al of theelectrical signal. a springreturns the )al)e to its

neutral s!itching position,sed for the control ofdou"le acting cylinders,

623 -a" #irectional Control


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623 ' -a" #irectional Control.al4e5 #ou,le olenoidActuated

ecause of thea"sence of a returnspring. dou"lesolenoid actuated)al)es retain thelast signaladministered tothem, They remainin their lasts!itched positione)en !ith po!erremo)ed from "oth

solenoids,E


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&evices which convert phsical varia'les into form of electrical

signals to gather data( monitor or control a process)

*+PES,

Contact Sensors- mechanical in nature( su'.ect to

mechanical wear and with predicta'le failure rate) Contact sensors

include limit switches( roller switches( and pressure sensors)

Contactless Sensors- Pro/imit sensors 0reed switch(

inductive( capacitive( and optical sensors1)

E)OR


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= 3@ to 54 (oltsDC,

Output

6?)DC

4)

P&P Type

Output is

Positi)e

Positi)es!itching


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1N

1/

1U

Note

3or meta44i5

materia4s on4y

()#$CT(.E PRO>(M(T+ E)OR

Sit5$ing o4tage --------------------------------- %0-70 )

Nomina4 sit5$ing istan5e ---------------------- mm

Sit5$ing fre9uen5y------------------------------- 800:; &ma'(ut


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1N

1/

1U

CAPAC(T(.E PRO>(M(T+ E)OR

Sit5$ing o4tage -------------------------- %0-70 )

Nomina4 sit5$ing istan5e --------------- mm

Sit5$ing fre9uen5y ------------------------ %00 :; &ma'(ut


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1N

1/

1U

OPT(CA& PRO>(M(T+ E)OR

Sit5$ing o4tage -------------------------%0-70 )

Nomina4 Sit5$ing istan5e ------------- 0-%00 mm &a=usta>4e(Sit5$ing fre9uen5y ---------------------- 200 :; &ma'(

ut


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E)OR

=agnetic Sensor

Optical SensorInducti)e Sensor

Optical Sensor


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P ti El t i C t


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Pneumatic'Electric Con4erter

8hen a pneumatic signal of sucient pressure to o)ercome the springforce is applied to the diaphragm. the resultant force operates thestem, The force re#uired to operate the stem is controlled "y the

ad9usting scre!, =o)ement of the stem actuates a micro s!itch )ia as!itching le)er !hich results to s!itching of contacts,


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Time relay with switch on delay

Time relay with switch off delay


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-itch o #ela"Timer

S%

?

-

%

*%*2

)%

/%

8hen S3 is actuated. the current

1o!s through diode D3. !hich isconnected in the free 1o! direction.to capacitor C3 and the relay 3, Therelay s!itches at once, After releaseof push"utton S3. the circuit isinterrupted, Capacitor C3 can no!

discharge solely )ia ad9usta"leresistor R3 and resistance R6,


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$**ETE# PATTER) () #E(*)()* E$E)CE CO)TRO& $()*

RE&A+3, The CO&TRO% CIRCIT is the part of the relay ladder. !hich processes

input signals,

6, The PO8ER CIRCIT is the part of the relay ladder. !hich directlycontrols the electrical loads, *ie,. solenoid coils. motors. lamps. "uer

5, In the control circuit. each !or$ing step is assigned its o!n STEP RE%A

?, Each step relay. e2cept the last step relay. employs a self holding cont

7, A &O contact of the step relay & is placed in series !ith the ;rst step r

G, A &C contact of the last step relay is placed in series !ith the ;rst step


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e


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e


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Representations

Chronological OrderCylinder 3,4 e2tends and lifts the "o2

Cylinder 6,4 e2tends and pushes the "o2

Cylinder 3,4 retracts. then

Cylinder 6,4 retracts

Ta"ular Form

8or$ Step =otion of Cylinder 3,4 =otion of Cylinder 6,4

3 out -

6 - out

5 in -

? - in


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Representations


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Representations

%.0

2.0

% 2 7 @ %

=otion Step Diagram


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P)E$MAT(C APP&(CAT(O)


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Pressing 8elding

Assem"ling Painting

Automo,ilemanu!acturing

Po!ertrainlines


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Pneumatics for 8elding guns

Welding


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/ood and Packaging(ndustr"


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Electronic (ndustr"

CO&TACT S


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FESTO PHILIPPINES:

2Head Office

3esto( Inc)

4m 56( #est Service 7oad(

Sucat( Para8a9ue Cit

*el) No) 0:!1 ;;


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6901265 FESTO Basic Pnuematics