603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI - sudarnopustaka.site11.comsudarnopustaka.site11.com/updoc/16bd5c2b8f3c203654a56dacb6aecc58.pdfApakah komisi penting ? Bagaimana klaim akan dishare ? Berapa

603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI

PEMUA PANCA MARGAMARKAS CABANG – JAKARTA PUSAT

Sekretariat : MAKODIM 0501 JP/BS LT III

Jl. Angkasa Blok B Kav. 11 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat

Phone :0819 32 72 8000, 0857 18 77 8000,

Exclusive tutorial

Disusun oleh :

Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, Ahli K3

Retention

Assets; Capital &

Free Reserves;

Solvency

The size & Nature of

Portfolio; Premium

income; Profitability

The type of Risks

& Pattern of

Losses

Reinsurance

Type & CostStrategic & financial

considerations,

including corporate

strategy

The Market

Environment

Investasi

Free reserve

Profit

Profile portfolio (by type & size)

Homogeneity

Pertumbuhan portfolio

Profitability of portfolio

Risiko sama dengan Polis identik

(SI sama)

Risiko sama dengan SI berbeda

Risiko sama dengan SI dan T/C

berbeda

General Portfolio

Ketersediaan berbagai bentuk

reasuransi dan kombinasinya

Apakah retensi ditetapkan sama untuk

setiap risiko dalam portfolio

Kesediaan Reinsurer untuk memberi

proteksi pada acceptable cost

Avoidance of Probability of Ruin

Financial policy & Cash Flow

Corporate Strategy

Soft market

Hard market

Investment & tax regime

BAB I


Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3, NIB : 1001560346

PEMUA PANCA MARGA

MARKAS CABANG – JAKARTA PUSAT



Phone :0819 32 72 8000, 0857 18 77 8000,

Desain & Formulasi Reinsurance Programme

TujuanBentuk

Informasi

menentukan jenis

reas

reciprocity

Alternatif terhadap

produk reasuransi

konvensional

Cover reasuransi otomatis

Kapasitas memadai

Ruang lingkup (scope) memadai

Keuntungan ekonomis

Security & Continuity Portfolio analysis

Territorial scope of the original policies

Pembatasan akseptasi

Risk Profile

Premium income

Acquisition Cost

Claims experience

Ketersediaan market

& penggunaan broker

Faktor yang Menentukan

Pemilihan Reasuransi

Sum Insured v.s. Limit of Liability?

Akumulasi kerugian

Liability tidak terbatas ?

Lebar fluktuasi untuk annual Result?

Reasuradur sedang tumbuh atau kapasitas?

Jika, ya, menggunakan Proportional

Berapa banyak premi akan di ceded?

Apakah komisi penting ?

Bagaimana klaim akan dishare ?

Berapa cepat pembayaran klaim ?

To what extent can the cover be

‘reinstated’?

-Proportional : Unlimited reinstatement

-Non-proportional : Limited Reinstatement

Long-term v.s. Short-term relationship?

Reciprocal?

Biaya operasional ?

Faktor yang Menentukan Pemilihan Resuradur menggunakan broker, electronic trading

Philosophi bisnis reasuradur

Long-term atau short-term

Komunikasi

Tipe reasurasi yang dikehendaki

Kebijakan aseptasi bisinis oleh reasuradur

Standar keamanan yang dikehendaki

Apakah reasuradur memiliki otorisasi untuk bertransaksi pada suatu kelas bisnis

Kekuatan neraca dan solvency margin reasuradur

Reputasi reasuradur

Pengalaman & Kualitas Manajemen

Kebijakan Underwriting & Tipe bisnis yang diambil

Kebijakan Retrocessi reasuradur

kepemilikan terkahir reasuradur (Ultimate ownership of reinsurer)

Apa yang dibutuhkan

Keahlian broker

Stabilitas keuangan & kejujuran broker

Reputasi pelayanan & kemampuan melayani

Kemampuan menawarkan ‘nilai tambah

Penghapusan Tariffs

Cat exposure meningkat

Banyak asuradur mundur

Trend hijrah

combined

BAB II

Ketidakpuasan atas pasar

konvensional

hasilnya lancar (‘Smoothing’)

Alternative >> kemungkinan

memilih, tailored choice

Bisnis Non-traditional

PROPORTIONAL TREATIES

UNDERWRITING

CONSIDERATION

RETENTION SCOPECAPACITY &

CAT

EXPOSURE

COMMISSION FINANCIAL

ISSUES

BASIS OF

TREATY

LEGAL

ISSUESHISTORIC

RESULT

Classes

Peril

Territorial

R/I

CommProfit

Comm

Flat

Sliding

Scale

Provision of

Account

Cash Loss

Limit

Deposits for

Unearned

Premium &

OS

Portfolio

Assumption

& Withdrawal

Clean-

Cut

Run-Off

Cancellation

Inspection

Disputes

BAB I{I


Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,

PEMUA PANCA MARGA

MARKAS CABANG – JAKARTA PUSAT



Phone :0819 32 72 8000, 0857 18 77 8000,

COMMISSIONCOMMISSION

REINSURANCE

COMMISSION

PROFIT

COMMISSION

OVERRIDING

COMMISSION

FIXED RATE SLIDING SCALEDEFICIT CARRIED

FORWARD (DCF)

THE THREE

YEARS AVERAGE

STEPPED-UP

SCALE

ADDITIONAL

TO R/I

COMMISSION

RETROCESSION

ON NET RATE

(ONR) BASIS

Prop Treaties – Faktor Pertimbangan Underwriting

• R/I Comm = Original Acquisition Cost (including

brokerage & agent commission paid) + Overhead &

Adm expenses + margin (overrider)

• Expressed as % of Ceded Premium



NON-PROPORTIONAL TREATIES

UNDERWRITING CONSIDERATION

GENERAL

CONSIDERATION

PROPERTY

RISKS

LIABILITY

RISKS

RETENTION

SCOPE

BASIS OF

COVERCAPACITY

CLAIM

EXPERIENCE &

RESERVING

PRICE &

PREMIUM

REINSTATEMENT

OTHER T/C

Losses Occurring

During

Risk Attaching

Losses Discovered/Claim Made

CAPACITY CLAIM

EXPERIENCE &

RESERVING

PRICE &

PREMIUM

OTHER T/C

Flat Premium

Fixed Rate

Premium

Variable Rate

Premium

Interlocking

Clause

Hours Clause

Two Risk Warranty

Co-reinsurance

Clause

Event Limit

Applicable Law

Clause

Extracontractual Obligation Clause

Aggregate Deductible Clause

Aggregate Extension Clause

Indexation (stability) clause

Acts in Force Clause

Local Jurisdiction

Applicable Law

Term & Cancellation

NA xclusion clause

Market Exclusion

BAB III



XL Premium

Flat Premium

Fixed Rate,

Adjustable Premium

Adjustable Rate,

Adjustable Premium

(Burning Cost Rating)

Rate on Subject Premium Income

XL Premium

Non-Prop Treaties – Faktor Pertimbangan Underwriting - Property



XL Premium

XL Premium for layer =

XL Premium Rate in % x Subject Premium Income

Loss Occurring During

Gross Net EARNED Premium Income

Risk Attaching

Gross Net WRITTEN Premium Income

Claim Made, Retrocession XL

Gross Net ACCOUNTED Premium Income

SUBJECT PREMIUM INCOME




Methods of XL Rating


Burning Cost

Experience Rating Exposure Rating Extrapolation Market Rating

Methods of XL Rating



(RE)INSURANCE ACCOUNTING

Current Account:

Premi

komisi

Brokerage

Komisi keuntungan

Inuring protection

Paid Claims

Kerugian tunai

pemindahan Portolio

Deferred account:

Beberapa item dibayar cicilan

Reserve Account:

Cadangan Premi

Cadangan kerugian

Bunga cadangan

Pajak dari bunga

PROP ACCOUNTING

Accounting BasisStatement of account

Accounting process

Underwriting Year

Basis: Run-off

Year of Account

Basis: Clean-cut

Premium reserve Deposit

- Bagian premi ditahan oleh cedant sbg safeguard

- Porsi yang ditahan

- Kapan and metode ditahan dan dilepas

- Penyerahan Reserve bila treaty diterminasi

- Interest

- Bisa dengan L/C

Loss reserve deposit

- Bagian premi ditahan sebagai safeguard

- Berdasarkan OS losses

- Interest

- Bisa dengan L/C

tipe Inuring Reinsurance:

Proteksi Spesifik :

- Untuk seleksi risiko-risiko dalam portfolio

- Asuradur membayar semua biaya yang datang (incurred)

- Untuk menjual keuntungan asuradur

- Biasanya, dalam bentuk fakultative

Joint or Common Account:

Risk XL dikombinasikan dengan propotional treaty untuk mengurangi

retensi, dimana

- Untuk Keuntungan keduanya asuradur dan reasuradur

- masing-masing kontribusi pada cost incurred

- Biasanya dalam bentuk Excess of Loss

- Contoh, EML error protection

Financial AccountingBalance Sheet, Profit And

Loss Account, Cash Flow

Technical Accounting

STOA, Facultative

Reinsurance Slip, PLA/DLA BAB IV

NON -PROP ACCOUNTING

Accounting Process: Premiums

Deposit or flat premium

Reinstatement Premium

Adjustment premium

Accounting Basis

A separation of premium payment and claim collection

Premium is paid at inception of the contract, or in installments

Claims are collected when they occurred on an individual basis



KLAIM REASURANSI

prosedur

penanganan klaim

• Pemeriksaan pertanyaan penutupan:

• Kelemahan kewajiban asuradur)

• Klaim dalam periode reasuransi?

FAKULTATIF PROPORTIONAL

Quota share Surplus

NON PROP

PROPERTY CASUALTY MARINE /

AVIATION

Occupational diseases

Pollution

Ex gratia

Particular clause

- North America

-- Sunset clauses

-- Extended report

-- Claim cooperation

DISPUTE

Negotiation

Mediation

Conciliation (tindakan pendamai)

Expert Evaluation / Early Neutral Evaluation

Mini-trial or executive hearing

Mediation / arbitration

CLAIM RESERVE

Metode

Judgmental

Statistical technique

Inflasi

Perubahan rates

Legislation (undang-undang)

Litigation (menuntut secara hukum)

Kualitas Data

Permasalahan

IBNR

Penambahan cadangan klaim yang ada

Menaksirkan dampak sejarah setiap klaim

Incurred But Not Enough Reported (IBNER)

Commutation

Settlement of IBNR

Underwriting Pools

Broker Systems

Retrocessions

Umbrella

Simultaneous payment

escalator

As if statistics

Claim co-operation clause

Claim control clause

BAB VIReviewing The Programme

sumber-sumber

data statistik

Reinsurance Underwriter

Claims Department

Retrocession Department

Technical Procession Department

Finance Department

Security Department

Reassurance profit

ratio

Loss Ratio =

Gross Claim Incurred / Premium Earned

Net Claim Incurred / Premium Earned

Commission or Other Costs Ratio

Commission/Ceded Premium or Commission/Written Premium

Other Costs/Ceded Premium or Other Costs/Written Premium

Management Expenses Ratio (business efficiency) =

Management expenses/net ceded premium

Management expenses/net written premium

Retrocession Ratio

Gross ceded premium/net ceded premium

Gross ceded premium/net written premium

Gross incurred claim/net incurred claim

Measures of profit

Costings

Underwriting Performance

Monitoring



GOVERNMENT REGULATION

AND INTERVENTION

regional reinsurance

pool

Keuntungan :

Mengambil premi didalam

regional

untuk alat investasii

Kerugian :

Akumulasi risiko didalam regional

Mutual pool adalah berlawanan

reasuransi

bentuk reinsurance pool

Market Pools : (untuk risiko kurang disukai)

Govenment Reinsurance Pool : (untuk risiko

katastrope)

Underwriting Pools (perusahaan baru / berkembang)

BAB VII



FINANCIAL ASPECTS

credit rating

Tujuan

peringkat untuk jaminan keamanan

menaikkan kapasitas

memasarkan dirinya

perusahaan rating international

Standard & poors rating service

AM Best Rating Agency

fitch IBCA, duff & phels rating Agency

Mooly’sInvestor Service

informasi lain misalnya :

strategi dan material rencana operasi

Lebih detail breakdown informasi keuangan

informasi tentang pelanggan, sumber bisnis dan produksinya

faktor yang dipertimbangkan oleh lembaga tersebut

Jumlah kapital dan kemampuan perusahaan mengakses kapital

Kualitas dan efektifitas melaksanakan program reasuransinya

Kecukupan cadangan teknis

kualitas dan penyebaran investasi

likuiditas

Kemampuan operasi :

Profibilitas

Sumber bisnis, nature of premium and investment income

semua aspek pengalaman managementnya dan hubungan dengan

tujuan (objectif)

Market profil :

Risiko-risiko dihubungkan dengan class dan teritori

Competitive market research

General and financial management

Underwrting and claim management

Ekposur to event risk

BAB VIII



Documents

603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI - sudarnopustaka.site11.comsudarnopustaka.site11.com/updoc/16bd5c2b8f3c203654a56dacb6aecc58.pdfApakah komisi penting ? Bagaimana klaim akan dishare ? Berapa