600-1450 Part II600-1450 Part II

Japanese people can trace their Japanese people can trace their roots toroots to

A) Okinawan migrants who sailed across A) Okinawan migrants who sailed across the South China Seathe South China Sea

B) Mongoloid peoples who crossed over B) Mongoloid peoples who crossed over the sea from mainland Asiathe sea from mainland Asia

C) Hawaiian sailors who came west across C) Hawaiian sailors who came west across the Pacificthe Pacific

D) Chinese immigrants who arrived over D) Chinese immigrants who arrived over 3000 years ago3000 years ago

E) Siberian nomads who came to the E) Siberian nomads who came to the islands around 2400 BCEislands around 2400 BCE

BBThe Japanese, or Yamato people, are The Japanese, or Yamato people, are believed to have crossed from the Korean believed to have crossed from the Korean peninsula to the islands of Japan over peninsula to the islands of Japan over 4000 years ago. They are a mongoloid 4000 years ago. They are a mongoloid stock with a language more related to stock with a language more related to Northeast Asia than China proper. They Northeast Asia than China proper. They evolved from tribes who intermarried over evolved from tribes who intermarried over time and held to their own animistic time and held to their own animistic beliefs that came to be known as Shintobeliefs that came to be known as Shinto

The classical era of Japan took The classical era of Japan took place during the ____ periodplace during the ____ period

A) HeianA) Heian B) TokugawaB) Tokugawa C) MinamotoC) Minamoto D) MeijiD) Meiji E) FukugawaE) Fukugawa

AAClassical Japan is defined by the Heian era Classical Japan is defined by the Heian era from 794 to 1119. This period of general from 794 to 1119. This period of general peace and political stability allowed the peace and political stability allowed the arts to flourish and a more uniquely arts to flourish and a more uniquely Japanese culture to take shape. Already Japanese culture to take shape. Already influenced by Chinese ideas from abroad, influenced by Chinese ideas from abroad, the Heian period saw the court life of the the Heian period saw the court life of the dynasty along uniquely Japanese lines. dynasty along uniquely Japanese lines. Japanese written language became Japanese written language became standardized and the Japanese developed standardized and the Japanese developed their own literary traditiontheir own literary tradition

Muslim expansion into France in Muslim expansion into France in the eighth century CE was halted the eighth century CE was halted

byby A) German mercenaries who fought for A) German mercenaries who fought for

goldgold B) a truce with CharlemagneB) a truce with Charlemagne C) disease that struck down the invadersC) disease that struck down the invaders D) the existence of a Frankish kingdom D) the existence of a Frankish kingdom

that united western Europeans against that united western Europeans against IslamIslam

E) an army raised by the pope in ItalyE) an army raised by the pope in Italy

DDAfter the conquest of Spain under the After the conquest of Spain under the Muslims, Muslim northward Muslims, Muslim northward expansion was stopped at the battle expansion was stopped at the battle of Tours in 732. of Tours in 732.

What do Japan, Vietnam, and What do Japan, Vietnam, and Korea have in common?Korea have in common?

A) They all have languages that stem from A) They all have languages that stem from the same linguistic familythe same linguistic family

B) China left a lasting cultural and B) China left a lasting cultural and religious imprint on themreligious imprint on them

C) All were once colonies of the MongolsC) All were once colonies of the Mongols D) Their economies were based on the D) Their economies were based on the

production of metalsproduction of metals E) All were conquered by the Song dynastyE) All were conquered by the Song dynasty

BBChina has been the cultural heart of China has been the cultural heart of East Asia, and Chinese culture East Asia, and Chinese culture influenced surrounding countries in influenced surrounding countries in many ways. Buddhism spread to the many ways. Buddhism spread to the south and east from China as south and east from China as missionaries and monks traveled missionaries and monks traveled widely. Confucian values all took widely. Confucian values all took root in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam root in Japan, Korea, and Vietnam over the generations.over the generations.

What commonalities are seen What commonalities are seen between European and Japanese between European and Japanese

feudalism?feudalism? A) Centralized kingdoms dominated the A) Centralized kingdoms dominated the

political scene.political scene. B) Weak emperors were controlled by B) Weak emperors were controlled by

religious leadersreligious leaders C) A thriving merchant class ruled over the C) A thriving merchant class ruled over the

peoplepeople D) Literature flourished during long D) Literature flourished during long

periods of peaceperiods of peace E) Land formed the basis for power, with E) Land formed the basis for power, with

lords controlling fiefdomslords controlling fiefdoms

EE In both Europe and Japan, land was the In both Europe and Japan, land was the

key to wealth and power. Land and its key to wealth and power. Land and its produce could be taxed and controlled if produce could be taxed and controlled if lords maintained their small economies lords maintained their small economies and formed alliances with other lords. and formed alliances with other lords. Trade grew over time, but the merchant Trade grew over time, but the merchant class was slow to gain influence. Small- class was slow to gain influence. Small- and large-scale warfare was common, and and large-scale warfare was common, and powerful lords could gain power by holding powerful lords could gain power by holding sway over territories with armies and sway over territories with armies and vassals who fought themvassals who fought them

A guild can best be defined as A guild can best be defined as which of the following?which of the following?

A) The court life surrounding the A) The court life surrounding the monarchmonarch

B) A trade association created the B) A trade association created the benefit artisans and manufacturersbenefit artisans and manufacturers

C) Rural social clubs for medieval C) Rural social clubs for medieval farmersfarmers

D) Early parliamentaries in ItalyD) Early parliamentaries in Italy E) University faculties in northern E) University faculties in northern

EuropeaEuropea

BBBusiness activity expanded in cities during Business activity expanded in cities during the Middle Ages. One innovation to help the Middle Ages. One innovation to help organize early manufacture and organize early manufacture and artisanship was the creation of artisanship was the creation of organizations called guilds. They organizations called guilds. They regulated wages and prices that certain regulated wages and prices that certain occupations could charge. They also occupations could charge. They also codified the work of an apprentice who codified the work of an apprentice who wanted to learn the trade and how wanted to learn the trade and how apprentices would enter the workforce on apprentices would enter the workforce on their own after their training.their own after their training.

Which of the following was an Which of the following was an outcome for peasants in Europe outcome for peasants in Europe

after the Black Death c 1340after the Black Death c 1340 A) Wages plummeted as demand A) Wages plummeted as demand

decreaseddecreased B) More land was available and B) More land was available and

wages increasedwages increased C) Social unrest decreasedC) Social unrest decreased D) The nobility was forced to marry D) The nobility was forced to marry

outside their classoutside their class E) About 10 percent of their E) About 10 percent of their

population diedpopulation died

BBThe devastation of the plague that spread The devastation of the plague that spread from Asia to Europe in the fourteenth from Asia to Europe in the fourteenth century had interesting economic and century had interesting economic and social effects on the peasantry of the time. social effects on the peasantry of the time. Those who survived found abandoned Those who survived found abandoned tracts of land and a greater demand for tracts of land and a greater demand for their work. This caused greater mobility their work. This caused greater mobility for the lower classes and encouraged for the lower classes and encouraged them to demand more from the power them to demand more from the power elites. Urban revolts became more elites. Urban revolts became more prevalent as a resultprevalent as a result

Humanism can best be defined as Humanism can best be defined as which of the following?which of the following?

A) Extending the role of the monarch A) Extending the role of the monarch into religious affairsinto religious affairs

B) A renewal of medieval valuesB) A renewal of medieval values C) A two-dimensional approach to artC) A two-dimensional approach to art D) Reliance on the power of God in D) Reliance on the power of God in

political affairspolitical affairs E) An emphasis on the study of E) An emphasis on the study of

humankind and its accomplishmentshumankind and its accomplishments

EEThe Renaissance shifted from the The Renaissance shifted from the religious themes of the Middle Ages religious themes of the Middle Ages to a more human centered focus. to a more human centered focus. While believing in God, humanists While believing in God, humanists asserted the power of the individual asserted the power of the individual and what the individual could create. and what the individual could create. This led to a flowering of art and This led to a flowering of art and science in Italy under geniuses such science in Italy under geniuses such as Da Vinci and Michelangeloas Da Vinci and Michelangelo

Which of the following was the Which of the following was the most unifying and monolithic most unifying and monolithic

institution in medieval Europe?institution in medieval Europe? A) Holy Roman monarchyA) Holy Roman monarchy B) The artist’s guild in urban areasB) The artist’s guild in urban areas C) The Roman Catholic ChurchC) The Roman Catholic Church D) The electors of GermanyD) The electors of Germany E) The Carolingian dynastyE) The Carolingian dynasty

CCThe Roman Catholic Church gave Europe a The Roman Catholic Church gave Europe a common faith and hierarchy during the common faith and hierarchy during the Middle Ages. While kings contended with Middle Ages. While kings contended with pops at different times, the authority of pops at different times, the authority of the church was unassailable and all the church was unassailable and all believers interacted with the Roman believers interacted with the Roman church throughout their lives. The Pope church throughout their lives. The Pope had considerable influence in appointing had considerable influence in appointing powerful churchmen and also in allowing powerful churchmen and also in allowing kings and princes to marry the right kings and princes to marry the right mates. Thus, religion and politics mates. Thus, religion and politics overlapped in complex ways.overlapped in complex ways.

Islam made its way into the Asian Islam made its way into the Asian subcontinent over time after 1000 subcontinent over time after 1000 because of the outreach of the because of the outreach of the

A) Umayyad dynastyA) Umayyad dynasty B) Persians who established the Delhi B) Persians who established the Delhi

SultanateSultanate C) Sunni CaliphateC) Sunni Caliphate D) Afghani WazirD) Afghani Wazir E) Ottoman TurksE) Ottoman Turks

BBThe Muslim religion and its political The Muslim religion and its political entities gradually conquered the entities gradually conquered the Indian subcontinent by 1200. Also Indian subcontinent by 1200. Also called the slave dynasty in its early called the slave dynasty in its early period, the Delhi Sultanate was a period, the Delhi Sultanate was a succession of Muslim rulers who succession of Muslim rulers who ruled northern India beginning in the ruled northern India beginning in the 1313thth century. century.

Japan was indebted to China for all Japan was indebted to China for all of the following exceptof the following except

A) Confucian valuesA) Confucian values B) a system of writingB) a system of writing C) Bushido, or “way of the warrior”C) Bushido, or “way of the warrior” D) Buddhist theologyD) Buddhist theology E) the concept of centralized E) the concept of centralized

governmentgovernment

CCThe The BushidoBushido, or way of the warrior, is a , or way of the warrior, is a uniquely Japanese tradition that defined uniquely Japanese tradition that defined samurai culture and values. The warrior samurai culture and values. The warrior class dominated feudal Japan, and its class dominated feudal Japan, and its belief in honor and loyalty defined many belief in honor and loyalty defined many interactions in its history. China did interactions in its history. China did influence Japan profoundly in many influence Japan profoundly in many cultural aspects such as religion, art, and cultural aspects such as religion, art, and political systems.political systems.

The development of democracy in The development of democracy in feudal Europe can be traced to feudal Europe can be traced to

A) the signing of the Magna Carta in A) the signing of the Magna Carta in 12151215

B) the clergy’s rising power after B) the clergy’s rising power after 11001100

C) Charlemagne’s rule after 800C) Charlemagne’s rule after 800 D) peasant revolts in FranceD) peasant revolts in France E) papal decrees after Leo X diedE) papal decrees after Leo X died

AAWhen a handful of landed barons forced When a handful of landed barons forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, a kind of shared power began to limit the a kind of shared power began to limit the power of the king. This led to a council of power of the king. This led to a council of lords who advised the king and kept some lords who advised the king and kept some of his power in check. The House of Lords of his power in check. The House of Lords allowed the aristocracy to become a allowed the aristocracy to become a feature of the government over the feature of the government over the centuries.centuries.

Justinian is given credit for all of the Justinian is given credit for all of the following EXCEPTfollowing EXCEPT

A) the defeat of the Germanic tribes A) the defeat of the Germanic tribes in the Eastin the East

B) the rebuilding of ConstantinopleB) the rebuilding of Constantinople C) the construction of the Hagia SofiaC) the construction of the Hagia Sofia D) the codification of Roman lawD) the codification of Roman law E) reestablishing Greek as the E) reestablishing Greek as the

language of the Byzantine empirelanguage of the Byzantine empire

EE Justinian knew that his empire was Justinian knew that his empire was

essentially Greek, and while Latin essentially Greek, and while Latin was the language of the government, was the language of the government, he did not force its use in daily life. he did not force its use in daily life. He was more famous for conquering He was more famous for conquering Rome again and systemizing the Rome again and systemizing the Roman legal system in Byzantium Roman legal system in Byzantium and beyond.and beyond.

The Mayan economy was based onThe Mayan economy was based on

A) crafts and manufacturingA) crafts and manufacturing B) gold and silver mined in the B) gold and silver mined in the

highlandshighlands C) trade with the Pueblos in the northC) trade with the Pueblos in the north D) agricultural produce, including D) agricultural produce, including

maize, beans, and cornmaize, beans, and corn E) the salt tradeE) the salt trade

DDThe growth of corn and maize was The growth of corn and maize was the basic foundation of the Mayan the basic foundation of the Mayan economy. These products were economy. These products were traded and provided the staple foods traded and provided the staple foods of the Mayan diet. The Mayans used of the Mayan diet. The Mayans used gold as ornamentation in temples but gold as ornamentation in temples but not as a currencynot as a currency

In feudal Europe, manors In feudal Europe, manors functioned asfunctioned as

A) large facilities for the poorA) large facilities for the poor B) independent land owned by the B) independent land owned by the

churchchurch C) large domains ruled by a kingC) large domains ruled by a king D) trading centers for many travelersD) trading centers for many travelers E) self-sufficient economic entities E) self-sufficient economic entities

and communitiesand communities

EEManors were self-contained feudal Manors were self-contained feudal communities that lords would preside communities that lords would preside over. Serfs provided labor and skills to over. Serfs provided labor and skills to produce agricultural goods and also crafts produce agricultural goods and also crafts that were needed. For example, a that were needed. For example, a blacksmith or a leather worker would blacksmith or a leather worker would provide their goods, and these goods provide their goods, and these goods could be bartered for foodstuffs. Farmers could be bartered for foodstuffs. Farmers worked the land and rotated crops under worked the land and rotated crops under the supervision of the lord and his the supervision of the lord and his administration.administration.

Umma can best be defined as Umma can best be defined as which of the following?which of the following?

A) “Community”A) “Community” B) “Code of law”B) “Code of law” C) “Caliphate”C) “Caliphate” D) “Islamic monarchy”D) “Islamic monarchy” E) “Peace and harmony”E) “Peace and harmony”

AA Translated from Arabic as “community or Translated from Arabic as “community or

nation,” Mohammed and his successors nation,” Mohammed and his successors emphasized the extended connectedness emphasized the extended connectedness of Islam. As it spread, Islam was through of Islam. As it spread, Islam was through of as a large association of believers of as a large association of believers brought together by the faith. Referred to brought together by the faith. Referred to in the Koran, umma can be thought of as a in the Koran, umma can be thought of as a unified religious entity joined in belief in unified religious entity joined in belief in Allah and his prophet.Allah and his prophet.

Great oceangoing expeditions were Great oceangoing expeditions were sponsored by which of the following sponsored by which of the following

governments c 1420?governments c 1420? A) Heian JapanA) Heian Japan B) Ming ChinaB) Ming China C) Khmer CambodiaC) Khmer Cambodia D) Mughul IndiaD) Mughul India E) Abbasid PersiaE) Abbasid Persia

BBUnder the command of an admiral Under the command of an admiral named Zheng He, the Ming dynasty named Zheng He, the Ming dynasty build a fleet of impressive ships that build a fleet of impressive ships that traveled throughout Asia and the traveled throughout Asia and the Indian Ocean. The Chinese exported Indian Ocean. The Chinese exported silk and porcelain to peoples silk and porcelain to peoples thousands of kilometers from China thousands of kilometers from China in the early 1400sin the early 1400s

The first use of printed paper The first use of printed paper money c. 1024 can be traced tomoney c. 1024 can be traced to

A) MesoamericaA) Mesoamerica B) IndochinaB) Indochina C) Song ChinaC) Song China D) medieval ItalyD) medieval Italy E) German bankersE) German bankers

CCThe first money is believed to have The first money is believed to have been printed in Szechuan China been printed in Szechuan China during the Song period. New ways to during the Song period. New ways to offer credit to merchants were offer credit to merchants were developed to facilitate trade. developed to facilitate trade. Greater market freedom allowed for Greater market freedom allowed for more goods to change hands, which more goods to change hands, which stimulated business.stimulated business.

Intercontinental trade increased Intercontinental trade increased during the Mongol period whenduring the Mongol period when

A) great ships sailed to India under A) great ships sailed to India under Genghis KhanGenghis Khan

B) the Silk Road reopenedB) the Silk Road reopened C) Abbasid traders arrived in ChinaC) Abbasid traders arrived in China D) the Tartars invaded from the D) the Tartars invaded from the

northnorth E) the Kyber Pass was discoveredE) the Kyber Pass was discovered

BBThe period sometimes termed Pax The period sometimes termed Pax Mongolica lasted for about a century Mongolica lasted for about a century and saw the reestablishment of trade and saw the reestablishment of trade routes, including the Silk Road, that routes, including the Silk Road, that spanned Asia. Traders could travel spanned Asia. Traders could travel all the way from China to Europe and all the way from China to Europe and North Africa this time.North Africa this time.

The fragmentation of the Mongol The fragmentation of the Mongol empire took the form ofempire took the form of

A) mass religious conversion to A) mass religious conversion to ChristianityChristianity

B) separate B) separate khanateskhanates ruled by ruled by Mongolian lordsMongolian lords

C) dramatic defeat by the Russians in C) dramatic defeat by the Russians in the Westthe West

D) invasion by JapanD) invasion by Japan E) disease that ravaged the E) disease that ravaged the

populationpopulation

BBWith the death of Genghis, the With the death of Genghis, the Mongol conquests devolved into Mongol conquests devolved into separate Mongol relatives who separate Mongol relatives who created four created four khanateskhanates. These . These khanateskhanates lasted another generation, lasted another generation, until the Mings overthrew the until the Mings overthrew the Mongols c. 1368Mongols c. 1368

Islamic states after 1000 CE tended Islamic states after 1000 CE tended to beto be

A) quasi-democraticA) quasi-democratic B) ruled by a single emirB) ruled by a single emir C) egalitarianC) egalitarian D) politically unstableD) politically unstable E) dynastic in natureE) dynastic in nature

DDAfter Islam expanded to its largest After Islam expanded to its largest membership in 900, it broke into membership in 900, it broke into various domains ruled by sultans. various domains ruled by sultans. Rule was authoritarian and Rule was authoritarian and undemocratic. Assassination was undemocratic. Assassination was common. The ongoing schism common. The ongoing schism between Sunni and Shiite further between Sunni and Shiite further divded the faith.divded the faith.

The Gupta dynasty in India was The Gupta dynasty in India was known forknown for

A) giving more rights to womenA) giving more rights to women B) its religious tolerance toward B) its religious tolerance toward

BuddhistsBuddhists C) doing away with the caste systemC) doing away with the caste system D) advancements in science and D) advancements in science and

mathematicsmathematics E) a weak decentralized governmentE) a weak decentralized government

DDThe Gupta emperor Chandra Gupta The Gupta emperor Chandra Gupta supported scientific study of the supported scientific study of the heavens and succeeded in heavens and succeeded in calculating the timing and frequency calculating the timing and frequency of solar eclipses. It was a thoroughly of solar eclipses. It was a thoroughly Hindu regime that retained the caste Hindu regime that retained the caste system.system.

Which of the following African empires Which of the following African empires controlled the trade of West Africa beginning in controlled the trade of West Africa beginning in

the thirteenth century?the thirteenth century? A) The kingdom of GhanaA) The kingdom of Ghana B) The Mali empireB) The Mali empire C) The Abbasid empireC) The Abbasid empire D) The Persian empireD) The Persian empire E) The Zambezi empireE) The Zambezi empire

BBThe Mali empire dominated trade between The Mali empire dominated trade between North and West Africa for almost 3 North and West Africa for almost 3 centuries, beginning around 1270. The centuries, beginning around 1270. The lion prince Sundiata had built up his lion prince Sundiata had built up his domain by making alliances with other domain by making alliances with other rulers and creating a large military force. rulers and creating a large military force. The taxes from the trade that took place The taxes from the trade that took place enriched the treasure of the Mali empire.enriched the treasure of the Mali empire.

ChinampaChinampa can best be described can best be described as which of the following?as which of the following?

A) Migrant workers who served the A) Migrant workers who served the kingking

B) Royal elites who ruled the ToltecsB) Royal elites who ruled the Toltecs C) Trading caravans that existed in C) Trading caravans that existed in

MesoamericaMesoamerica D) Plots of land enriched with lake D) Plots of land enriched with lake

bottom soilbottom soil E) Boats for fishing on lakesE) Boats for fishing on lakes

DDAgriculture was enhanced in ancient Agriculture was enhanced in ancient Mexico when a new approach to soil Mexico when a new approach to soil application gave rise to the application gave rise to the chinampachinampa system of growing crops. system of growing crops. Farmers dredged the bottom of the Farmers dredged the bottom of the lake for the rich muck and applied it lake for the rich muck and applied it to their fields. This nutrient-rich soil to their fields. This nutrient-rich soil allowed many crops to be grown per allowed many crops to be grown per year, thus increasing yields.year, thus increasing yields.