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Uni 5t antral d Oi a am nt A
GERARD SMITH V ir-eoto
PHILIP J FARLEY Del)lpoundty Di1ectOl
ROBERT H B V ADE ASsi8taAlt Di1ecto1 (Bureau of E conomi c Atfajrs)
cknowl d m nls
A D As annual report on World Military Expenditures vas prepared wlder the clirection of Ruth L SiYard Chief Ecollomi Division Dnn igtl Gallik and Christophel Grove Rrd had primary responsibility fol statistical compilations and caknlations assisted by Mary Keil and Tail Minor Peter T Hansen also a isted 1I1
preparation of the report
The cooperation of varian internntional lll1d US Government agencies which provide data is gratefully acknoled cred
The report as prepared December 1D70
Bureau of Economic Affairs US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Washington DC 20451
INTRODUCTION
World Military Expenditures 1970 is the fifth report by the United StatEs Arms Control and Disarmament Agency on the size and impact of arms expenditures of the nations of the world
This report shows that world military expenditures inflated by further increases in prices reached a record peak of $204000000000 in 1970 The increase in military spending over the previous year was the smallest in recent years and relatively less than the apparent price rise-a hopeful sign that the sharp upward trend of the 1960s has been blunted
Vast sums continue to flow to the acquisition of arms and the supshyport of mihtary forces It is unfortunately still evident that the poorer countries are increasing arms spending at a faster rate than the wealthier ones There is an eloquent case in the stark figures for reshydoubling of efforts to end conflicts remove the causes of war and reach equitable agreements for the control and reduction of arms and milItary forces
GERARD C SMITH
Director
WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1970
and Related Data
for 120 Countries
CONTENTS Page
Highlights of the Data 1
Charts
I Military expenditures 1964-70 1 II Military expenditures and GNP estimated III
constant prices indexes 1964-70 2 III World military and other public expenditures
1964 and 1968 3 IV Shares of world total in 1968 4 V Per capita expenditures for military education
and health by region 1968 5 VI Military expenditures and armed forces by region
1964 and 1968 6 VII Relative burden of military expenditures 1968 8
VIII Ten major military powers 1968 31
Definitions of Terms 7
Statistical Tables 8
Tables
I Summary trends in military expenditures and GNP 1964-70 9
II Military expenditures and relatltd unta 1968 10 III Per capita military expenditures and related data
1968 14 IV IIlitary expenditures and GNP 1964-68 18 V Armed forces 1964-68 26
VI Military and economic ranking of countries 1968 30
Statistical Notes 32
ii
I II lUll b t I n
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DATA
This fifth annual survey of m-ilitary expenditures and related data by the Us Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) covers 1969 and 1970 insofar as prelimnary information permit rough estimates on a regional or global basis The estimates jor the latest years as well as the detailed national data for 1964-68 are subject to qualifications which could affect both trend and crrmparative levels They should be regarded as reasonable approxishymations rather than as precise statistical indicators
Summary Chart I
World military expenditures inflated by further increases in prices reached a new peak in 1970 MILITARYLast years vorld total reached an estimated 204
EXPENDITURES$204000000000 the equivalent in dollar value of Bittion dollars current prices a years income produced by the 1800000000 people in the poorer half of the worlds population
In actual expenditures the increase in world military spcnding over the previous year wos the smallest in recent years (chart I) In terms of
World Total constant dollars ie had prices been unchanged there would have been a slight declillo--a hopeful Developed
countriessign that the sharp uptrend of the 1960s has been blunted (chart II) Expressed as a ratio to GNP military spending was slightly lower for the thinl ~--- 103
year in a 10- In 1970 these outlays took 64 percent of the world product
NATO _In the 6 years since the first world survey 71_ military outlays in current dollars htye risen _ _0 almost 50 percent HOveyer about three-fifths of ---shyWarsaw Pact this increase reflects price inflation If prices h11lt1 been unchanged military expenditures of 1970 would have exceeded those of 1964 by roughly 20 bullOther bullbull - 27bullbull
30
------shyDeveloping Figures in current dollars reflect the prices and exshy countries
change rates of the respective years to which they apply 1964196519661967196B196if1970middot Figures in constant dollars have been adjusted for changes
Calendar years in both prices and exchange rates to show real values middotEstlmated
in terms of a single year (See discussion of prices page 36)
177
CharI II MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP
ESTIMATED IN CONSTANT PRICES
Index 1964 == 100 140r-1r~----r--~~
World Wide
bull 130 GNP total
--- shyMilitary 7 expendilures shy
120 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~
p~ t
110 Ji t _Y--GNP per capita
I Plloyen---------I-L----l
1964 65 r6i 67 68 69 70 140~_r--r_-r--T--r~
Developed Countries
shy130
GNP total I- 1P
120 ~- dJmiddot-1---bullbullbullbull
bull J
GNP per shy-t ----capita110 l--Military1 p expendItures
~ 10
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 150r-1r---~-r~r-
d p
Developing Countries shy
140 1 Military l f shyexpenditures bullbullbullbullbull
130 ~I shy
hNP~total120
~
bull 1 I
110 ~GNP per capita
100~~~~~~--~~
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 Estimated
percent Thus the 20 percent rise measures the real or physical increase in military effort since 1964 Some of the increase is reflected in the increased numbers of personnel in the armed forces which are up more than 10 percent some in investment in higher quality increasingly sophisticated military equipment The rise in expenditures includes strategic forces as well as the conventioIl11 forces which represent four-fifths of world military spending
The current survey produces no evidence that a widesprcad shift from military to civilian uses of resources has begun Nor docs the slower rate of increase in total military expenditures in the Pl1st 2 years reflect a worldwide tendency to restrict 8uch outlays In the vast majority of countries for which recent information is available there was a further rise in military budgets in current prices in 1970 While NATO spending went down largely as 11 result of a decrease in US defense expenditures the total for developed countries as a whole did not decline In developing countries as a group military expenditures again moved higher Thu8 developing countries continued as they had in the years preceding to inerease their share of world military outlays devoting to military programs funds that could have been allocated to economic development
More public funds continued to flow into milishytary programs than into public education or public health pIognuns for the yorIds pOJlulation of 36 billioll (chart III) In developing countries for example the increase in military spending in the period since 1964 represented the equivalent of 3 years expenditures on public education for the billion school-age children in those countries
The text below amplifies some of these summary points and provides additional information on global and regional trends and comparisons (See table I page 9) National datn are not compared here but may be found for 1968 nnd earlier years ill tables II through VI page8 10 to 30
The Trend of Military Expenditures
Military expenditures prodde a useful baromshyeter of the momentum of the arms race Howshyever th( yorId totnl like lll aHmgps may
The criteria llsed in classifying countries as developshying arc described in the Statistical ~otes page 32
2
Chart III
WORLO MILITARY AND OTHER PUBUC EXPENDITURES
1964 amp 1968 --------------------------------200
Billion current dollars
1964 -r50
1J68
~--~------~--oo
~----50
Military Education Health Foreign Economic
Aid
conceal geographic and other changes which are of major importance in gauging trends
Chart I shows trends in military expenditures in current prices for the ~odd (vertical hite bllrs) and for each of the major eategories of countries for whicb projections through 1970 are attempted It should be noted that the categories of countries shown on the charts are overlapping lVIost vVarshysaw Pact and NATO countries and some other countries are represented in the developed group Developed and developing countries together make up the world total as do KATO middotWnrSlW Pllct and the other category
The chart shows the NATO line in current prices declining after a rnpid rise from 1965 to 1968 Although the Warsaw Pact line continues on a slIlrp llI)nlld slant developed conntrirs as n whole hardly changed sp(1nding levels bctween 1969 Ilnd 1970
Chart II shows trends in military expenditures after allowance is made for tho effect of price ris(ls
(Correction for price changes on a worldwide basis is necessarily rough) Expressed in constant dollars military (lxpeuditnr(ls of developed COUllshy
tries are estimated to have leveled off between 1967 and 1969 and to have declined in 1970 led by a downturn in the NATO totnl This is the first such drop since ACDAs odd survey began in 1964 and a significant one in overall effect since expenditures of the developed conn tries acshycount for approximately 90 percent of world military spending
The trends in developing conntries as a group are rather different In current and even in constant prices the recent rapid increase of military spending in these countries has continll(ld Within this classification of countries however major differences in military expenditure trends are evident The rate of expnnsion of expendishytures is by far the shnrpest in the Nem East Smaller increases have occurred in the Fill East LnJin America and Africa In South Asia spending rates have ehanged relatively little sinee 1966
As chart II indieates in the developing countries as a whole the rate of in(Teast in military spending continues to outstrip the adnll1ce in GXP at tlw expense of populations hose an~llg() illeoIlw p(lr eapita is still barely $200 a year
Comparisons With Economic Growth
Since 1968 when th(l advance in wodd military expenditures began to moderate tho growth rute of world GNP hus been faster than the onrall rise in military spending (see chart II) As it
cons(lquence the shale of world GNP going to military programs has declined from 11 high of 71 p(lrcent in 1967 to 64 percent in 1970
This chango suggests that oHrall the military burden has beOul1 to lessen somewhat in relation
b
to the yorld economy On the oth~r hand dlllllg(ls onr time in the ratio of military spending to GNP must be evaluated cautiollsly both as meUSlrs of relative burden and HS indicators of arms l(strnint Economie groyth is JlopU lation-rela ted Unless the civilinn portion of world GNP-till innstm(lnt and consumption componont~-grows with rising population liying standards full Un(ss the eidlian portion adjust(d for tilr popushylation rise (lxpands with rising GNP lidllg stnndnrds hn ( not b(IWfi ted flllly from t h( growth di dd(lld
3
The record for 1970 as compared with 1964 the year of ACDAs first annual Sllvey shows that military eXJlenditures haye absorbod some of this growth diddend although the shure of world GNP that they tnke has diminished The changos expressed in dollar equivalonts are summarized in the table b(low
WORLD GROWTH DIVIDEND 1970 OVER 1964 (Billion dollars)
Increase in GNP in current dollars 1752 of which
price inflation 514 population increment
(valued at 1964 GNP per capitet) 288
Increase in GNP (adjusted for price and popnlation changes) (450)
of which increase in military expenditures 28
Leaving an actual growth dividend for civilian Uses of 422
In 1970 the dollar value of world GNP vas $1252 billion higher than in 1964 Price rises and population growth however accounted for It
major part of this apparent gain in yalue The increase in GKP when higher prices and larger popUlation are considered as $450 billion or only one-third of the apparent increase The increase in world arms spending in constant prices took $28 billion of this dividend J represell ting a larger share of real growth in devol oping thall in develshyoped countrios
As an indicator of arms restraint a downward trond in tho ratio of military expenJitures to GNP
Chart IV
SHARES OF WORLD TOTAL IN 1968
Developed countries Developing countries
Military Exps
Armed Forces
Population
GNP
Puhlic Education
Public Health
o 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent
is not sufficient With 1 rapidly growing oconomy even a declining ratio to GNP can cOllceal un inshytOllsified arms race
Compared with the immediate pre-World War II period military expenditures in 1970 probably took a somewhat smallor share of world GNP HOveeI the yorld economic base has boen so vastly cnlargod that todays share ropresents II
fonrfol(l increase in expenditures ill real terms as compared ith 1937 It is estimated that worldshywide military oxpenditures of 1937 based on a League of Nations study of that prewar yoar totnled about $ljO billion in 1970 prices in contrast to todays $204 billion
Developed and Developing Countries
Poorer countries suffer most from arms races For example military equipment which they proshyduce themselves may tap the high-quality 10shy
sources that are most noedod for investment in eivilian industry ~Iilitary oquipmont bought from abroad may take some foreign exchange that could have helped to modernize tho economy and improve living stawlards
For the past 6 years ACDAs survey shows military expenditures have grown eonsidorably faster ill developing tlum in developed countries The GNP increase in developing economies from 1964 to 1970 expressed in constant prices is substantial but the rate of growth per capita has beon less than that in developod countries
For the dceloping countries 11 calculation of the llnnual growth dividond similar to that shown in the table above for the world total reveals thLt they have devoted to military spending tice llS large a proportion of their GNP growth dividend as havo developed countries whell allowance is made for price increases and the more rapid population growth in the poorer countries Togcthor theso flletors have limited their actual growth dividend for civilian uses to a 6-year gain of only $30 per person In deshyveloped countries by eOlltrast the civilian inshycremen t from 1964 to 1970 was 16 times as mn ch or $469 per person
Chart IV illustrates the end-results of these tlends as of 1968 The 93 developing countries in ACDAs survey lopresented 73 percent of the worlds population but had only 17 percent of
4
Chart V
Dollars PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES FOR400------------------------shy MILITARY EDUCATION AND HEALTH BY REGION 1968
bull Military
bull Public Education
D Public Health Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------200
------------------------------------------------------100
NORTH EUROPE OCEANIA NEAR AMERICA EAST
current world income They accounted for only 7 percent of world public expenditures on henlth care and for 10 percent on education The inshyclusion of international economic assistance would of course add somewhat to the resources available to developing countries but the addition would represent a relatively minor proportion of their GNP All foreign economic aid loans as ell as grants amounts to less than 2 percent of GNP of developing countries
On the other hand the developing areas with their large populations accounted ill 1968 for more than half the 24 million men under arms in the world
While the budgeted military expenditures of the developing countries were only 12 percent of the world total in 1968 this is not the full amount that went into maintaining military forces in these countries Military aid contributions of the major powers are a significant supplement to the military expenditures of developing countries Military aid according to the standard budgetary conshycept of this report is counted among the military expenditures of the donors-not in the recipients military budgets In this respect the expenditure data and chart IV tend to understate the relative military capacity of the developing world
Growth rates recorded since 1964 (see table
FAR EAST LATIN AFRICA AMERICA
below) suggest that developing countries have gradually enlarged their share of world milishytary effort maintaining it rate of increase in pershysonnel in the armed forces as well as in military expenditures considerably larger than that of developed countries Howmer this expunsion of military effort was accompanied by a lowering of their relative economic standing when jlopulnshytion increase is taken into account
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1964-70
(Values in cunstant prices)
World Developed Developing
Military expenditures 2 8 2 3 ii 9 Armed forces 19 O 0 l i
Total GNP 4 9 4 8 j 7 Population 2 1 10 2) Civilian GNP per capita 30 4 0 1 1
GNP le6~ military expenditure
Other Public Expenditures
A comparison of world military expenditures with other pnblic expenditures such as public education public health and foreign economic assistance is set forth ill chart III (page 3) Reshygional comparisons are shown ill rhart V and national data may be found in statistical tables II and III Comprehensive data on private expendishytures on these civilian programs are not avail-
SOUTH ASIA
5
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
INTRODUCTION
World Military Expenditures 1970 is the fifth report by the United StatEs Arms Control and Disarmament Agency on the size and impact of arms expenditures of the nations of the world
This report shows that world military expenditures inflated by further increases in prices reached a record peak of $204000000000 in 1970 The increase in military spending over the previous year was the smallest in recent years and relatively less than the apparent price rise-a hopeful sign that the sharp upward trend of the 1960s has been blunted
Vast sums continue to flow to the acquisition of arms and the supshyport of mihtary forces It is unfortunately still evident that the poorer countries are increasing arms spending at a faster rate than the wealthier ones There is an eloquent case in the stark figures for reshydoubling of efforts to end conflicts remove the causes of war and reach equitable agreements for the control and reduction of arms and milItary forces
GERARD C SMITH
Director
WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1970
and Related Data
for 120 Countries
CONTENTS Page
Highlights of the Data 1
Charts
I Military expenditures 1964-70 1 II Military expenditures and GNP estimated III
constant prices indexes 1964-70 2 III World military and other public expenditures
1964 and 1968 3 IV Shares of world total in 1968 4 V Per capita expenditures for military education
and health by region 1968 5 VI Military expenditures and armed forces by region
1964 and 1968 6 VII Relative burden of military expenditures 1968 8
VIII Ten major military powers 1968 31
Definitions of Terms 7
Statistical Tables 8
Tables
I Summary trends in military expenditures and GNP 1964-70 9
II Military expenditures and relatltd unta 1968 10 III Per capita military expenditures and related data
1968 14 IV IIlitary expenditures and GNP 1964-68 18 V Armed forces 1964-68 26
VI Military and economic ranking of countries 1968 30
Statistical Notes 32
ii
I II lUll b t I n
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DATA
This fifth annual survey of m-ilitary expenditures and related data by the Us Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) covers 1969 and 1970 insofar as prelimnary information permit rough estimates on a regional or global basis The estimates jor the latest years as well as the detailed national data for 1964-68 are subject to qualifications which could affect both trend and crrmparative levels They should be regarded as reasonable approxishymations rather than as precise statistical indicators
Summary Chart I
World military expenditures inflated by further increases in prices reached a new peak in 1970 MILITARYLast years vorld total reached an estimated 204
EXPENDITURES$204000000000 the equivalent in dollar value of Bittion dollars current prices a years income produced by the 1800000000 people in the poorer half of the worlds population
In actual expenditures the increase in world military spcnding over the previous year wos the smallest in recent years (chart I) In terms of
World Total constant dollars ie had prices been unchanged there would have been a slight declillo--a hopeful Developed
countriessign that the sharp uptrend of the 1960s has been blunted (chart II) Expressed as a ratio to GNP military spending was slightly lower for the thinl ~--- 103
year in a 10- In 1970 these outlays took 64 percent of the world product
NATO _In the 6 years since the first world survey 71_ military outlays in current dollars htye risen _ _0 almost 50 percent HOveyer about three-fifths of ---shyWarsaw Pact this increase reflects price inflation If prices h11lt1 been unchanged military expenditures of 1970 would have exceeded those of 1964 by roughly 20 bullOther bullbull - 27bullbull
30
------shyDeveloping Figures in current dollars reflect the prices and exshy countries
change rates of the respective years to which they apply 1964196519661967196B196if1970middot Figures in constant dollars have been adjusted for changes
Calendar years in both prices and exchange rates to show real values middotEstlmated
in terms of a single year (See discussion of prices page 36)
177
CharI II MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP
ESTIMATED IN CONSTANT PRICES
Index 1964 == 100 140r-1r~----r--~~
World Wide
bull 130 GNP total
--- shyMilitary 7 expendilures shy
120 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~
p~ t
110 Ji t _Y--GNP per capita
I Plloyen---------I-L----l
1964 65 r6i 67 68 69 70 140~_r--r_-r--T--r~
Developed Countries
shy130
GNP total I- 1P
120 ~- dJmiddot-1---bullbullbullbull
bull J
GNP per shy-t ----capita110 l--Military1 p expendItures
~ 10
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 150r-1r---~-r~r-
d p
Developing Countries shy
140 1 Military l f shyexpenditures bullbullbullbullbull
130 ~I shy
hNP~total120
~
bull 1 I
110 ~GNP per capita
100~~~~~~--~~
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 Estimated
percent Thus the 20 percent rise measures the real or physical increase in military effort since 1964 Some of the increase is reflected in the increased numbers of personnel in the armed forces which are up more than 10 percent some in investment in higher quality increasingly sophisticated military equipment The rise in expenditures includes strategic forces as well as the conventioIl11 forces which represent four-fifths of world military spending
The current survey produces no evidence that a widesprcad shift from military to civilian uses of resources has begun Nor docs the slower rate of increase in total military expenditures in the Pl1st 2 years reflect a worldwide tendency to restrict 8uch outlays In the vast majority of countries for which recent information is available there was a further rise in military budgets in current prices in 1970 While NATO spending went down largely as 11 result of a decrease in US defense expenditures the total for developed countries as a whole did not decline In developing countries as a group military expenditures again moved higher Thu8 developing countries continued as they had in the years preceding to inerease their share of world military outlays devoting to military programs funds that could have been allocated to economic development
More public funds continued to flow into milishytary programs than into public education or public health pIognuns for the yorIds pOJlulation of 36 billioll (chart III) In developing countries for example the increase in military spending in the period since 1964 represented the equivalent of 3 years expenditures on public education for the billion school-age children in those countries
The text below amplifies some of these summary points and provides additional information on global and regional trends and comparisons (See table I page 9) National datn are not compared here but may be found for 1968 nnd earlier years ill tables II through VI page8 10 to 30
The Trend of Military Expenditures
Military expenditures prodde a useful baromshyeter of the momentum of the arms race Howshyever th( yorId totnl like lll aHmgps may
The criteria llsed in classifying countries as developshying arc described in the Statistical ~otes page 32
2
Chart III
WORLO MILITARY AND OTHER PUBUC EXPENDITURES
1964 amp 1968 --------------------------------200
Billion current dollars
1964 -r50
1J68
~--~------~--oo
~----50
Military Education Health Foreign Economic
Aid
conceal geographic and other changes which are of major importance in gauging trends
Chart I shows trends in military expenditures in current prices for the ~odd (vertical hite bllrs) and for each of the major eategories of countries for whicb projections through 1970 are attempted It should be noted that the categories of countries shown on the charts are overlapping lVIost vVarshysaw Pact and NATO countries and some other countries are represented in the developed group Developed and developing countries together make up the world total as do KATO middotWnrSlW Pllct and the other category
The chart shows the NATO line in current prices declining after a rnpid rise from 1965 to 1968 Although the Warsaw Pact line continues on a slIlrp llI)nlld slant developed conntrirs as n whole hardly changed sp(1nding levels bctween 1969 Ilnd 1970
Chart II shows trends in military expenditures after allowance is made for tho effect of price ris(ls
(Correction for price changes on a worldwide basis is necessarily rough) Expressed in constant dollars military (lxpeuditnr(ls of developed COUllshy
tries are estimated to have leveled off between 1967 and 1969 and to have declined in 1970 led by a downturn in the NATO totnl This is the first such drop since ACDAs odd survey began in 1964 and a significant one in overall effect since expenditures of the developed conn tries acshycount for approximately 90 percent of world military spending
The trends in developing conntries as a group are rather different In current and even in constant prices the recent rapid increase of military spending in these countries has continll(ld Within this classification of countries however major differences in military expenditure trends are evident The rate of expnnsion of expendishytures is by far the shnrpest in the Nem East Smaller increases have occurred in the Fill East LnJin America and Africa In South Asia spending rates have ehanged relatively little sinee 1966
As chart II indieates in the developing countries as a whole the rate of in(Teast in military spending continues to outstrip the adnll1ce in GXP at tlw expense of populations hose an~llg() illeoIlw p(lr eapita is still barely $200 a year
Comparisons With Economic Growth
Since 1968 when th(l advance in wodd military expenditures began to moderate tho growth rute of world GNP hus been faster than the onrall rise in military spending (see chart II) As it
cons(lquence the shale of world GNP going to military programs has declined from 11 high of 71 p(lrcent in 1967 to 64 percent in 1970
This chango suggests that oHrall the military burden has beOul1 to lessen somewhat in relation
b
to the yorld economy On the oth~r hand dlllllg(ls onr time in the ratio of military spending to GNP must be evaluated cautiollsly both as meUSlrs of relative burden and HS indicators of arms l(strnint Economie groyth is JlopU lation-rela ted Unless the civilinn portion of world GNP-till innstm(lnt and consumption componont~-grows with rising population liying standards full Un(ss the eidlian portion adjust(d for tilr popushylation rise (lxpands with rising GNP lidllg stnndnrds hn ( not b(IWfi ted flllly from t h( growth di dd(lld
3
The record for 1970 as compared with 1964 the year of ACDAs first annual Sllvey shows that military eXJlenditures haye absorbod some of this growth diddend although the shure of world GNP that they tnke has diminished The changos expressed in dollar equivalonts are summarized in the table b(low
WORLD GROWTH DIVIDEND 1970 OVER 1964 (Billion dollars)
Increase in GNP in current dollars 1752 of which
price inflation 514 population increment
(valued at 1964 GNP per capitet) 288
Increase in GNP (adjusted for price and popnlation changes) (450)
of which increase in military expenditures 28
Leaving an actual growth dividend for civilian Uses of 422
In 1970 the dollar value of world GNP vas $1252 billion higher than in 1964 Price rises and population growth however accounted for It
major part of this apparent gain in yalue The increase in GKP when higher prices and larger popUlation are considered as $450 billion or only one-third of the apparent increase The increase in world arms spending in constant prices took $28 billion of this dividend J represell ting a larger share of real growth in devol oping thall in develshyoped countrios
As an indicator of arms restraint a downward trond in tho ratio of military expenJitures to GNP
Chart IV
SHARES OF WORLD TOTAL IN 1968
Developed countries Developing countries
Military Exps
Armed Forces
Population
GNP
Puhlic Education
Public Health
o 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent
is not sufficient With 1 rapidly growing oconomy even a declining ratio to GNP can cOllceal un inshytOllsified arms race
Compared with the immediate pre-World War II period military expenditures in 1970 probably took a somewhat smallor share of world GNP HOveeI the yorld economic base has boen so vastly cnlargod that todays share ropresents II
fonrfol(l increase in expenditures ill real terms as compared ith 1937 It is estimated that worldshywide military oxpenditures of 1937 based on a League of Nations study of that prewar yoar totnled about $ljO billion in 1970 prices in contrast to todays $204 billion
Developed and Developing Countries
Poorer countries suffer most from arms races For example military equipment which they proshyduce themselves may tap the high-quality 10shy
sources that are most noedod for investment in eivilian industry ~Iilitary oquipmont bought from abroad may take some foreign exchange that could have helped to modernize tho economy and improve living stawlards
For the past 6 years ACDAs survey shows military expenditures have grown eonsidorably faster ill developing tlum in developed countries The GNP increase in developing economies from 1964 to 1970 expressed in constant prices is substantial but the rate of growth per capita has beon less than that in developod countries
For the dceloping countries 11 calculation of the llnnual growth dividond similar to that shown in the table above for the world total reveals thLt they have devoted to military spending tice llS large a proportion of their GNP growth dividend as havo developed countries whell allowance is made for price increases and the more rapid population growth in the poorer countries Togcthor theso flletors have limited their actual growth dividend for civilian uses to a 6-year gain of only $30 per person In deshyveloped countries by eOlltrast the civilian inshycremen t from 1964 to 1970 was 16 times as mn ch or $469 per person
Chart IV illustrates the end-results of these tlends as of 1968 The 93 developing countries in ACDAs survey lopresented 73 percent of the worlds population but had only 17 percent of
4
Chart V
Dollars PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES FOR400------------------------shy MILITARY EDUCATION AND HEALTH BY REGION 1968
bull Military
bull Public Education
D Public Health Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------200
------------------------------------------------------100
NORTH EUROPE OCEANIA NEAR AMERICA EAST
current world income They accounted for only 7 percent of world public expenditures on henlth care and for 10 percent on education The inshyclusion of international economic assistance would of course add somewhat to the resources available to developing countries but the addition would represent a relatively minor proportion of their GNP All foreign economic aid loans as ell as grants amounts to less than 2 percent of GNP of developing countries
On the other hand the developing areas with their large populations accounted ill 1968 for more than half the 24 million men under arms in the world
While the budgeted military expenditures of the developing countries were only 12 percent of the world total in 1968 this is not the full amount that went into maintaining military forces in these countries Military aid contributions of the major powers are a significant supplement to the military expenditures of developing countries Military aid according to the standard budgetary conshycept of this report is counted among the military expenditures of the donors-not in the recipients military budgets In this respect the expenditure data and chart IV tend to understate the relative military capacity of the developing world
Growth rates recorded since 1964 (see table
FAR EAST LATIN AFRICA AMERICA
below) suggest that developing countries have gradually enlarged their share of world milishytary effort maintaining it rate of increase in pershysonnel in the armed forces as well as in military expenditures considerably larger than that of developed countries Howmer this expunsion of military effort was accompanied by a lowering of their relative economic standing when jlopulnshytion increase is taken into account
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1964-70
(Values in cunstant prices)
World Developed Developing
Military expenditures 2 8 2 3 ii 9 Armed forces 19 O 0 l i
Total GNP 4 9 4 8 j 7 Population 2 1 10 2) Civilian GNP per capita 30 4 0 1 1
GNP le6~ military expenditure
Other Public Expenditures
A comparison of world military expenditures with other pnblic expenditures such as public education public health and foreign economic assistance is set forth ill chart III (page 3) Reshygional comparisons are shown ill rhart V and national data may be found in statistical tables II and III Comprehensive data on private expendishytures on these civilian programs are not avail-
SOUTH ASIA
5
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1970
and Related Data
for 120 Countries
CONTENTS Page
Highlights of the Data 1
Charts
I Military expenditures 1964-70 1 II Military expenditures and GNP estimated III
constant prices indexes 1964-70 2 III World military and other public expenditures
1964 and 1968 3 IV Shares of world total in 1968 4 V Per capita expenditures for military education
and health by region 1968 5 VI Military expenditures and armed forces by region
1964 and 1968 6 VII Relative burden of military expenditures 1968 8
VIII Ten major military powers 1968 31
Definitions of Terms 7
Statistical Tables 8
Tables
I Summary trends in military expenditures and GNP 1964-70 9
II Military expenditures and relatltd unta 1968 10 III Per capita military expenditures and related data
1968 14 IV IIlitary expenditures and GNP 1964-68 18 V Armed forces 1964-68 26
VI Military and economic ranking of countries 1968 30
Statistical Notes 32
ii
I II lUll b t I n
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DATA
This fifth annual survey of m-ilitary expenditures and related data by the Us Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) covers 1969 and 1970 insofar as prelimnary information permit rough estimates on a regional or global basis The estimates jor the latest years as well as the detailed national data for 1964-68 are subject to qualifications which could affect both trend and crrmparative levels They should be regarded as reasonable approxishymations rather than as precise statistical indicators
Summary Chart I
World military expenditures inflated by further increases in prices reached a new peak in 1970 MILITARYLast years vorld total reached an estimated 204
EXPENDITURES$204000000000 the equivalent in dollar value of Bittion dollars current prices a years income produced by the 1800000000 people in the poorer half of the worlds population
In actual expenditures the increase in world military spcnding over the previous year wos the smallest in recent years (chart I) In terms of
World Total constant dollars ie had prices been unchanged there would have been a slight declillo--a hopeful Developed
countriessign that the sharp uptrend of the 1960s has been blunted (chart II) Expressed as a ratio to GNP military spending was slightly lower for the thinl ~--- 103
year in a 10- In 1970 these outlays took 64 percent of the world product
NATO _In the 6 years since the first world survey 71_ military outlays in current dollars htye risen _ _0 almost 50 percent HOveyer about three-fifths of ---shyWarsaw Pact this increase reflects price inflation If prices h11lt1 been unchanged military expenditures of 1970 would have exceeded those of 1964 by roughly 20 bullOther bullbull - 27bullbull
30
------shyDeveloping Figures in current dollars reflect the prices and exshy countries
change rates of the respective years to which they apply 1964196519661967196B196if1970middot Figures in constant dollars have been adjusted for changes
Calendar years in both prices and exchange rates to show real values middotEstlmated
in terms of a single year (See discussion of prices page 36)
177
CharI II MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP
ESTIMATED IN CONSTANT PRICES
Index 1964 == 100 140r-1r~----r--~~
World Wide
bull 130 GNP total
--- shyMilitary 7 expendilures shy
120 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~
p~ t
110 Ji t _Y--GNP per capita
I Plloyen---------I-L----l
1964 65 r6i 67 68 69 70 140~_r--r_-r--T--r~
Developed Countries
shy130
GNP total I- 1P
120 ~- dJmiddot-1---bullbullbullbull
bull J
GNP per shy-t ----capita110 l--Military1 p expendItures
~ 10
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 150r-1r---~-r~r-
d p
Developing Countries shy
140 1 Military l f shyexpenditures bullbullbullbullbull
130 ~I shy
hNP~total120
~
bull 1 I
110 ~GNP per capita
100~~~~~~--~~
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 Estimated
percent Thus the 20 percent rise measures the real or physical increase in military effort since 1964 Some of the increase is reflected in the increased numbers of personnel in the armed forces which are up more than 10 percent some in investment in higher quality increasingly sophisticated military equipment The rise in expenditures includes strategic forces as well as the conventioIl11 forces which represent four-fifths of world military spending
The current survey produces no evidence that a widesprcad shift from military to civilian uses of resources has begun Nor docs the slower rate of increase in total military expenditures in the Pl1st 2 years reflect a worldwide tendency to restrict 8uch outlays In the vast majority of countries for which recent information is available there was a further rise in military budgets in current prices in 1970 While NATO spending went down largely as 11 result of a decrease in US defense expenditures the total for developed countries as a whole did not decline In developing countries as a group military expenditures again moved higher Thu8 developing countries continued as they had in the years preceding to inerease their share of world military outlays devoting to military programs funds that could have been allocated to economic development
More public funds continued to flow into milishytary programs than into public education or public health pIognuns for the yorIds pOJlulation of 36 billioll (chart III) In developing countries for example the increase in military spending in the period since 1964 represented the equivalent of 3 years expenditures on public education for the billion school-age children in those countries
The text below amplifies some of these summary points and provides additional information on global and regional trends and comparisons (See table I page 9) National datn are not compared here but may be found for 1968 nnd earlier years ill tables II through VI page8 10 to 30
The Trend of Military Expenditures
Military expenditures prodde a useful baromshyeter of the momentum of the arms race Howshyever th( yorId totnl like lll aHmgps may
The criteria llsed in classifying countries as developshying arc described in the Statistical ~otes page 32
2
Chart III
WORLO MILITARY AND OTHER PUBUC EXPENDITURES
1964 amp 1968 --------------------------------200
Billion current dollars
1964 -r50
1J68
~--~------~--oo
~----50
Military Education Health Foreign Economic
Aid
conceal geographic and other changes which are of major importance in gauging trends
Chart I shows trends in military expenditures in current prices for the ~odd (vertical hite bllrs) and for each of the major eategories of countries for whicb projections through 1970 are attempted It should be noted that the categories of countries shown on the charts are overlapping lVIost vVarshysaw Pact and NATO countries and some other countries are represented in the developed group Developed and developing countries together make up the world total as do KATO middotWnrSlW Pllct and the other category
The chart shows the NATO line in current prices declining after a rnpid rise from 1965 to 1968 Although the Warsaw Pact line continues on a slIlrp llI)nlld slant developed conntrirs as n whole hardly changed sp(1nding levels bctween 1969 Ilnd 1970
Chart II shows trends in military expenditures after allowance is made for tho effect of price ris(ls
(Correction for price changes on a worldwide basis is necessarily rough) Expressed in constant dollars military (lxpeuditnr(ls of developed COUllshy
tries are estimated to have leveled off between 1967 and 1969 and to have declined in 1970 led by a downturn in the NATO totnl This is the first such drop since ACDAs odd survey began in 1964 and a significant one in overall effect since expenditures of the developed conn tries acshycount for approximately 90 percent of world military spending
The trends in developing conntries as a group are rather different In current and even in constant prices the recent rapid increase of military spending in these countries has continll(ld Within this classification of countries however major differences in military expenditure trends are evident The rate of expnnsion of expendishytures is by far the shnrpest in the Nem East Smaller increases have occurred in the Fill East LnJin America and Africa In South Asia spending rates have ehanged relatively little sinee 1966
As chart II indieates in the developing countries as a whole the rate of in(Teast in military spending continues to outstrip the adnll1ce in GXP at tlw expense of populations hose an~llg() illeoIlw p(lr eapita is still barely $200 a year
Comparisons With Economic Growth
Since 1968 when th(l advance in wodd military expenditures began to moderate tho growth rute of world GNP hus been faster than the onrall rise in military spending (see chart II) As it
cons(lquence the shale of world GNP going to military programs has declined from 11 high of 71 p(lrcent in 1967 to 64 percent in 1970
This chango suggests that oHrall the military burden has beOul1 to lessen somewhat in relation
b
to the yorld economy On the oth~r hand dlllllg(ls onr time in the ratio of military spending to GNP must be evaluated cautiollsly both as meUSlrs of relative burden and HS indicators of arms l(strnint Economie groyth is JlopU lation-rela ted Unless the civilinn portion of world GNP-till innstm(lnt and consumption componont~-grows with rising population liying standards full Un(ss the eidlian portion adjust(d for tilr popushylation rise (lxpands with rising GNP lidllg stnndnrds hn ( not b(IWfi ted flllly from t h( growth di dd(lld
3
The record for 1970 as compared with 1964 the year of ACDAs first annual Sllvey shows that military eXJlenditures haye absorbod some of this growth diddend although the shure of world GNP that they tnke has diminished The changos expressed in dollar equivalonts are summarized in the table b(low
WORLD GROWTH DIVIDEND 1970 OVER 1964 (Billion dollars)
Increase in GNP in current dollars 1752 of which
price inflation 514 population increment
(valued at 1964 GNP per capitet) 288
Increase in GNP (adjusted for price and popnlation changes) (450)
of which increase in military expenditures 28
Leaving an actual growth dividend for civilian Uses of 422
In 1970 the dollar value of world GNP vas $1252 billion higher than in 1964 Price rises and population growth however accounted for It
major part of this apparent gain in yalue The increase in GKP when higher prices and larger popUlation are considered as $450 billion or only one-third of the apparent increase The increase in world arms spending in constant prices took $28 billion of this dividend J represell ting a larger share of real growth in devol oping thall in develshyoped countrios
As an indicator of arms restraint a downward trond in tho ratio of military expenJitures to GNP
Chart IV
SHARES OF WORLD TOTAL IN 1968
Developed countries Developing countries
Military Exps
Armed Forces
Population
GNP
Puhlic Education
Public Health
o 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent
is not sufficient With 1 rapidly growing oconomy even a declining ratio to GNP can cOllceal un inshytOllsified arms race
Compared with the immediate pre-World War II period military expenditures in 1970 probably took a somewhat smallor share of world GNP HOveeI the yorld economic base has boen so vastly cnlargod that todays share ropresents II
fonrfol(l increase in expenditures ill real terms as compared ith 1937 It is estimated that worldshywide military oxpenditures of 1937 based on a League of Nations study of that prewar yoar totnled about $ljO billion in 1970 prices in contrast to todays $204 billion
Developed and Developing Countries
Poorer countries suffer most from arms races For example military equipment which they proshyduce themselves may tap the high-quality 10shy
sources that are most noedod for investment in eivilian industry ~Iilitary oquipmont bought from abroad may take some foreign exchange that could have helped to modernize tho economy and improve living stawlards
For the past 6 years ACDAs survey shows military expenditures have grown eonsidorably faster ill developing tlum in developed countries The GNP increase in developing economies from 1964 to 1970 expressed in constant prices is substantial but the rate of growth per capita has beon less than that in developod countries
For the dceloping countries 11 calculation of the llnnual growth dividond similar to that shown in the table above for the world total reveals thLt they have devoted to military spending tice llS large a proportion of their GNP growth dividend as havo developed countries whell allowance is made for price increases and the more rapid population growth in the poorer countries Togcthor theso flletors have limited their actual growth dividend for civilian uses to a 6-year gain of only $30 per person In deshyveloped countries by eOlltrast the civilian inshycremen t from 1964 to 1970 was 16 times as mn ch or $469 per person
Chart IV illustrates the end-results of these tlends as of 1968 The 93 developing countries in ACDAs survey lopresented 73 percent of the worlds population but had only 17 percent of
4
Chart V
Dollars PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES FOR400------------------------shy MILITARY EDUCATION AND HEALTH BY REGION 1968
bull Military
bull Public Education
D Public Health Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------200
------------------------------------------------------100
NORTH EUROPE OCEANIA NEAR AMERICA EAST
current world income They accounted for only 7 percent of world public expenditures on henlth care and for 10 percent on education The inshyclusion of international economic assistance would of course add somewhat to the resources available to developing countries but the addition would represent a relatively minor proportion of their GNP All foreign economic aid loans as ell as grants amounts to less than 2 percent of GNP of developing countries
On the other hand the developing areas with their large populations accounted ill 1968 for more than half the 24 million men under arms in the world
While the budgeted military expenditures of the developing countries were only 12 percent of the world total in 1968 this is not the full amount that went into maintaining military forces in these countries Military aid contributions of the major powers are a significant supplement to the military expenditures of developing countries Military aid according to the standard budgetary conshycept of this report is counted among the military expenditures of the donors-not in the recipients military budgets In this respect the expenditure data and chart IV tend to understate the relative military capacity of the developing world
Growth rates recorded since 1964 (see table
FAR EAST LATIN AFRICA AMERICA
below) suggest that developing countries have gradually enlarged their share of world milishytary effort maintaining it rate of increase in pershysonnel in the armed forces as well as in military expenditures considerably larger than that of developed countries Howmer this expunsion of military effort was accompanied by a lowering of their relative economic standing when jlopulnshytion increase is taken into account
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1964-70
(Values in cunstant prices)
World Developed Developing
Military expenditures 2 8 2 3 ii 9 Armed forces 19 O 0 l i
Total GNP 4 9 4 8 j 7 Population 2 1 10 2) Civilian GNP per capita 30 4 0 1 1
GNP le6~ military expenditure
Other Public Expenditures
A comparison of world military expenditures with other pnblic expenditures such as public education public health and foreign economic assistance is set forth ill chart III (page 3) Reshygional comparisons are shown ill rhart V and national data may be found in statistical tables II and III Comprehensive data on private expendishytures on these civilian programs are not avail-
SOUTH ASIA
5
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DATA
This fifth annual survey of m-ilitary expenditures and related data by the Us Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) covers 1969 and 1970 insofar as prelimnary information permit rough estimates on a regional or global basis The estimates jor the latest years as well as the detailed national data for 1964-68 are subject to qualifications which could affect both trend and crrmparative levels They should be regarded as reasonable approxishymations rather than as precise statistical indicators
Summary Chart I
World military expenditures inflated by further increases in prices reached a new peak in 1970 MILITARYLast years vorld total reached an estimated 204
EXPENDITURES$204000000000 the equivalent in dollar value of Bittion dollars current prices a years income produced by the 1800000000 people in the poorer half of the worlds population
In actual expenditures the increase in world military spcnding over the previous year wos the smallest in recent years (chart I) In terms of
World Total constant dollars ie had prices been unchanged there would have been a slight declillo--a hopeful Developed
countriessign that the sharp uptrend of the 1960s has been blunted (chart II) Expressed as a ratio to GNP military spending was slightly lower for the thinl ~--- 103
year in a 10- In 1970 these outlays took 64 percent of the world product
NATO _In the 6 years since the first world survey 71_ military outlays in current dollars htye risen _ _0 almost 50 percent HOveyer about three-fifths of ---shyWarsaw Pact this increase reflects price inflation If prices h11lt1 been unchanged military expenditures of 1970 would have exceeded those of 1964 by roughly 20 bullOther bullbull - 27bullbull
30
------shyDeveloping Figures in current dollars reflect the prices and exshy countries
change rates of the respective years to which they apply 1964196519661967196B196if1970middot Figures in constant dollars have been adjusted for changes
Calendar years in both prices and exchange rates to show real values middotEstlmated
in terms of a single year (See discussion of prices page 36)
177
CharI II MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP
ESTIMATED IN CONSTANT PRICES
Index 1964 == 100 140r-1r~----r--~~
World Wide
bull 130 GNP total
--- shyMilitary 7 expendilures shy
120 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~
p~ t
110 Ji t _Y--GNP per capita
I Plloyen---------I-L----l
1964 65 r6i 67 68 69 70 140~_r--r_-r--T--r~
Developed Countries
shy130
GNP total I- 1P
120 ~- dJmiddot-1---bullbullbullbull
bull J
GNP per shy-t ----capita110 l--Military1 p expendItures
~ 10
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 150r-1r---~-r~r-
d p
Developing Countries shy
140 1 Military l f shyexpenditures bullbullbullbullbull
130 ~I shy
hNP~total120
~
bull 1 I
110 ~GNP per capita
100~~~~~~--~~
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 Estimated
percent Thus the 20 percent rise measures the real or physical increase in military effort since 1964 Some of the increase is reflected in the increased numbers of personnel in the armed forces which are up more than 10 percent some in investment in higher quality increasingly sophisticated military equipment The rise in expenditures includes strategic forces as well as the conventioIl11 forces which represent four-fifths of world military spending
The current survey produces no evidence that a widesprcad shift from military to civilian uses of resources has begun Nor docs the slower rate of increase in total military expenditures in the Pl1st 2 years reflect a worldwide tendency to restrict 8uch outlays In the vast majority of countries for which recent information is available there was a further rise in military budgets in current prices in 1970 While NATO spending went down largely as 11 result of a decrease in US defense expenditures the total for developed countries as a whole did not decline In developing countries as a group military expenditures again moved higher Thu8 developing countries continued as they had in the years preceding to inerease their share of world military outlays devoting to military programs funds that could have been allocated to economic development
More public funds continued to flow into milishytary programs than into public education or public health pIognuns for the yorIds pOJlulation of 36 billioll (chart III) In developing countries for example the increase in military spending in the period since 1964 represented the equivalent of 3 years expenditures on public education for the billion school-age children in those countries
The text below amplifies some of these summary points and provides additional information on global and regional trends and comparisons (See table I page 9) National datn are not compared here but may be found for 1968 nnd earlier years ill tables II through VI page8 10 to 30
The Trend of Military Expenditures
Military expenditures prodde a useful baromshyeter of the momentum of the arms race Howshyever th( yorId totnl like lll aHmgps may
The criteria llsed in classifying countries as developshying arc described in the Statistical ~otes page 32
2
Chart III
WORLO MILITARY AND OTHER PUBUC EXPENDITURES
1964 amp 1968 --------------------------------200
Billion current dollars
1964 -r50
1J68
~--~------~--oo
~----50
Military Education Health Foreign Economic
Aid
conceal geographic and other changes which are of major importance in gauging trends
Chart I shows trends in military expenditures in current prices for the ~odd (vertical hite bllrs) and for each of the major eategories of countries for whicb projections through 1970 are attempted It should be noted that the categories of countries shown on the charts are overlapping lVIost vVarshysaw Pact and NATO countries and some other countries are represented in the developed group Developed and developing countries together make up the world total as do KATO middotWnrSlW Pllct and the other category
The chart shows the NATO line in current prices declining after a rnpid rise from 1965 to 1968 Although the Warsaw Pact line continues on a slIlrp llI)nlld slant developed conntrirs as n whole hardly changed sp(1nding levels bctween 1969 Ilnd 1970
Chart II shows trends in military expenditures after allowance is made for tho effect of price ris(ls
(Correction for price changes on a worldwide basis is necessarily rough) Expressed in constant dollars military (lxpeuditnr(ls of developed COUllshy
tries are estimated to have leveled off between 1967 and 1969 and to have declined in 1970 led by a downturn in the NATO totnl This is the first such drop since ACDAs odd survey began in 1964 and a significant one in overall effect since expenditures of the developed conn tries acshycount for approximately 90 percent of world military spending
The trends in developing conntries as a group are rather different In current and even in constant prices the recent rapid increase of military spending in these countries has continll(ld Within this classification of countries however major differences in military expenditure trends are evident The rate of expnnsion of expendishytures is by far the shnrpest in the Nem East Smaller increases have occurred in the Fill East LnJin America and Africa In South Asia spending rates have ehanged relatively little sinee 1966
As chart II indieates in the developing countries as a whole the rate of in(Teast in military spending continues to outstrip the adnll1ce in GXP at tlw expense of populations hose an~llg() illeoIlw p(lr eapita is still barely $200 a year
Comparisons With Economic Growth
Since 1968 when th(l advance in wodd military expenditures began to moderate tho growth rute of world GNP hus been faster than the onrall rise in military spending (see chart II) As it
cons(lquence the shale of world GNP going to military programs has declined from 11 high of 71 p(lrcent in 1967 to 64 percent in 1970
This chango suggests that oHrall the military burden has beOul1 to lessen somewhat in relation
b
to the yorld economy On the oth~r hand dlllllg(ls onr time in the ratio of military spending to GNP must be evaluated cautiollsly both as meUSlrs of relative burden and HS indicators of arms l(strnint Economie groyth is JlopU lation-rela ted Unless the civilinn portion of world GNP-till innstm(lnt and consumption componont~-grows with rising population liying standards full Un(ss the eidlian portion adjust(d for tilr popushylation rise (lxpands with rising GNP lidllg stnndnrds hn ( not b(IWfi ted flllly from t h( growth di dd(lld
3
The record for 1970 as compared with 1964 the year of ACDAs first annual Sllvey shows that military eXJlenditures haye absorbod some of this growth diddend although the shure of world GNP that they tnke has diminished The changos expressed in dollar equivalonts are summarized in the table b(low
WORLD GROWTH DIVIDEND 1970 OVER 1964 (Billion dollars)
Increase in GNP in current dollars 1752 of which
price inflation 514 population increment
(valued at 1964 GNP per capitet) 288
Increase in GNP (adjusted for price and popnlation changes) (450)
of which increase in military expenditures 28
Leaving an actual growth dividend for civilian Uses of 422
In 1970 the dollar value of world GNP vas $1252 billion higher than in 1964 Price rises and population growth however accounted for It
major part of this apparent gain in yalue The increase in GKP when higher prices and larger popUlation are considered as $450 billion or only one-third of the apparent increase The increase in world arms spending in constant prices took $28 billion of this dividend J represell ting a larger share of real growth in devol oping thall in develshyoped countrios
As an indicator of arms restraint a downward trond in tho ratio of military expenJitures to GNP
Chart IV
SHARES OF WORLD TOTAL IN 1968
Developed countries Developing countries
Military Exps
Armed Forces
Population
GNP
Puhlic Education
Public Health
o 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent
is not sufficient With 1 rapidly growing oconomy even a declining ratio to GNP can cOllceal un inshytOllsified arms race
Compared with the immediate pre-World War II period military expenditures in 1970 probably took a somewhat smallor share of world GNP HOveeI the yorld economic base has boen so vastly cnlargod that todays share ropresents II
fonrfol(l increase in expenditures ill real terms as compared ith 1937 It is estimated that worldshywide military oxpenditures of 1937 based on a League of Nations study of that prewar yoar totnled about $ljO billion in 1970 prices in contrast to todays $204 billion
Developed and Developing Countries
Poorer countries suffer most from arms races For example military equipment which they proshyduce themselves may tap the high-quality 10shy
sources that are most noedod for investment in eivilian industry ~Iilitary oquipmont bought from abroad may take some foreign exchange that could have helped to modernize tho economy and improve living stawlards
For the past 6 years ACDAs survey shows military expenditures have grown eonsidorably faster ill developing tlum in developed countries The GNP increase in developing economies from 1964 to 1970 expressed in constant prices is substantial but the rate of growth per capita has beon less than that in developod countries
For the dceloping countries 11 calculation of the llnnual growth dividond similar to that shown in the table above for the world total reveals thLt they have devoted to military spending tice llS large a proportion of their GNP growth dividend as havo developed countries whell allowance is made for price increases and the more rapid population growth in the poorer countries Togcthor theso flletors have limited their actual growth dividend for civilian uses to a 6-year gain of only $30 per person In deshyveloped countries by eOlltrast the civilian inshycremen t from 1964 to 1970 was 16 times as mn ch or $469 per person
Chart IV illustrates the end-results of these tlends as of 1968 The 93 developing countries in ACDAs survey lopresented 73 percent of the worlds population but had only 17 percent of
4
Chart V
Dollars PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES FOR400------------------------shy MILITARY EDUCATION AND HEALTH BY REGION 1968
bull Military
bull Public Education
D Public Health Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------200
------------------------------------------------------100
NORTH EUROPE OCEANIA NEAR AMERICA EAST
current world income They accounted for only 7 percent of world public expenditures on henlth care and for 10 percent on education The inshyclusion of international economic assistance would of course add somewhat to the resources available to developing countries but the addition would represent a relatively minor proportion of their GNP All foreign economic aid loans as ell as grants amounts to less than 2 percent of GNP of developing countries
On the other hand the developing areas with their large populations accounted ill 1968 for more than half the 24 million men under arms in the world
While the budgeted military expenditures of the developing countries were only 12 percent of the world total in 1968 this is not the full amount that went into maintaining military forces in these countries Military aid contributions of the major powers are a significant supplement to the military expenditures of developing countries Military aid according to the standard budgetary conshycept of this report is counted among the military expenditures of the donors-not in the recipients military budgets In this respect the expenditure data and chart IV tend to understate the relative military capacity of the developing world
Growth rates recorded since 1964 (see table
FAR EAST LATIN AFRICA AMERICA
below) suggest that developing countries have gradually enlarged their share of world milishytary effort maintaining it rate of increase in pershysonnel in the armed forces as well as in military expenditures considerably larger than that of developed countries Howmer this expunsion of military effort was accompanied by a lowering of their relative economic standing when jlopulnshytion increase is taken into account
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1964-70
(Values in cunstant prices)
World Developed Developing
Military expenditures 2 8 2 3 ii 9 Armed forces 19 O 0 l i
Total GNP 4 9 4 8 j 7 Population 2 1 10 2) Civilian GNP per capita 30 4 0 1 1
GNP le6~ military expenditure
Other Public Expenditures
A comparison of world military expenditures with other pnblic expenditures such as public education public health and foreign economic assistance is set forth ill chart III (page 3) Reshygional comparisons are shown ill rhart V and national data may be found in statistical tables II and III Comprehensive data on private expendishytures on these civilian programs are not avail-
SOUTH ASIA
5
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
CharI II MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP
ESTIMATED IN CONSTANT PRICES
Index 1964 == 100 140r-1r~----r--~~
World Wide
bull 130 GNP total
--- shyMilitary 7 expendilures shy
120 bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull ~
p~ t
110 Ji t _Y--GNP per capita
I Plloyen---------I-L----l
1964 65 r6i 67 68 69 70 140~_r--r_-r--T--r~
Developed Countries
shy130
GNP total I- 1P
120 ~- dJmiddot-1---bullbullbullbull
bull J
GNP per shy-t ----capita110 l--Military1 p expendItures
~ 10
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 150r-1r---~-r~r-
d p
Developing Countries shy
140 1 Military l f shyexpenditures bullbullbullbullbull
130 ~I shy
hNP~total120
~
bull 1 I
110 ~GNP per capita
100~~~~~~--~~
1964 65 66 67 68 69 70 Estimated
percent Thus the 20 percent rise measures the real or physical increase in military effort since 1964 Some of the increase is reflected in the increased numbers of personnel in the armed forces which are up more than 10 percent some in investment in higher quality increasingly sophisticated military equipment The rise in expenditures includes strategic forces as well as the conventioIl11 forces which represent four-fifths of world military spending
The current survey produces no evidence that a widesprcad shift from military to civilian uses of resources has begun Nor docs the slower rate of increase in total military expenditures in the Pl1st 2 years reflect a worldwide tendency to restrict 8uch outlays In the vast majority of countries for which recent information is available there was a further rise in military budgets in current prices in 1970 While NATO spending went down largely as 11 result of a decrease in US defense expenditures the total for developed countries as a whole did not decline In developing countries as a group military expenditures again moved higher Thu8 developing countries continued as they had in the years preceding to inerease their share of world military outlays devoting to military programs funds that could have been allocated to economic development
More public funds continued to flow into milishytary programs than into public education or public health pIognuns for the yorIds pOJlulation of 36 billioll (chart III) In developing countries for example the increase in military spending in the period since 1964 represented the equivalent of 3 years expenditures on public education for the billion school-age children in those countries
The text below amplifies some of these summary points and provides additional information on global and regional trends and comparisons (See table I page 9) National datn are not compared here but may be found for 1968 nnd earlier years ill tables II through VI page8 10 to 30
The Trend of Military Expenditures
Military expenditures prodde a useful baromshyeter of the momentum of the arms race Howshyever th( yorId totnl like lll aHmgps may
The criteria llsed in classifying countries as developshying arc described in the Statistical ~otes page 32
2
Chart III
WORLO MILITARY AND OTHER PUBUC EXPENDITURES
1964 amp 1968 --------------------------------200
Billion current dollars
1964 -r50
1J68
~--~------~--oo
~----50
Military Education Health Foreign Economic
Aid
conceal geographic and other changes which are of major importance in gauging trends
Chart I shows trends in military expenditures in current prices for the ~odd (vertical hite bllrs) and for each of the major eategories of countries for whicb projections through 1970 are attempted It should be noted that the categories of countries shown on the charts are overlapping lVIost vVarshysaw Pact and NATO countries and some other countries are represented in the developed group Developed and developing countries together make up the world total as do KATO middotWnrSlW Pllct and the other category
The chart shows the NATO line in current prices declining after a rnpid rise from 1965 to 1968 Although the Warsaw Pact line continues on a slIlrp llI)nlld slant developed conntrirs as n whole hardly changed sp(1nding levels bctween 1969 Ilnd 1970
Chart II shows trends in military expenditures after allowance is made for tho effect of price ris(ls
(Correction for price changes on a worldwide basis is necessarily rough) Expressed in constant dollars military (lxpeuditnr(ls of developed COUllshy
tries are estimated to have leveled off between 1967 and 1969 and to have declined in 1970 led by a downturn in the NATO totnl This is the first such drop since ACDAs odd survey began in 1964 and a significant one in overall effect since expenditures of the developed conn tries acshycount for approximately 90 percent of world military spending
The trends in developing conntries as a group are rather different In current and even in constant prices the recent rapid increase of military spending in these countries has continll(ld Within this classification of countries however major differences in military expenditure trends are evident The rate of expnnsion of expendishytures is by far the shnrpest in the Nem East Smaller increases have occurred in the Fill East LnJin America and Africa In South Asia spending rates have ehanged relatively little sinee 1966
As chart II indieates in the developing countries as a whole the rate of in(Teast in military spending continues to outstrip the adnll1ce in GXP at tlw expense of populations hose an~llg() illeoIlw p(lr eapita is still barely $200 a year
Comparisons With Economic Growth
Since 1968 when th(l advance in wodd military expenditures began to moderate tho growth rute of world GNP hus been faster than the onrall rise in military spending (see chart II) As it
cons(lquence the shale of world GNP going to military programs has declined from 11 high of 71 p(lrcent in 1967 to 64 percent in 1970
This chango suggests that oHrall the military burden has beOul1 to lessen somewhat in relation
b
to the yorld economy On the oth~r hand dlllllg(ls onr time in the ratio of military spending to GNP must be evaluated cautiollsly both as meUSlrs of relative burden and HS indicators of arms l(strnint Economie groyth is JlopU lation-rela ted Unless the civilinn portion of world GNP-till innstm(lnt and consumption componont~-grows with rising population liying standards full Un(ss the eidlian portion adjust(d for tilr popushylation rise (lxpands with rising GNP lidllg stnndnrds hn ( not b(IWfi ted flllly from t h( growth di dd(lld
3
The record for 1970 as compared with 1964 the year of ACDAs first annual Sllvey shows that military eXJlenditures haye absorbod some of this growth diddend although the shure of world GNP that they tnke has diminished The changos expressed in dollar equivalonts are summarized in the table b(low
WORLD GROWTH DIVIDEND 1970 OVER 1964 (Billion dollars)
Increase in GNP in current dollars 1752 of which
price inflation 514 population increment
(valued at 1964 GNP per capitet) 288
Increase in GNP (adjusted for price and popnlation changes) (450)
of which increase in military expenditures 28
Leaving an actual growth dividend for civilian Uses of 422
In 1970 the dollar value of world GNP vas $1252 billion higher than in 1964 Price rises and population growth however accounted for It
major part of this apparent gain in yalue The increase in GKP when higher prices and larger popUlation are considered as $450 billion or only one-third of the apparent increase The increase in world arms spending in constant prices took $28 billion of this dividend J represell ting a larger share of real growth in devol oping thall in develshyoped countrios
As an indicator of arms restraint a downward trond in tho ratio of military expenJitures to GNP
Chart IV
SHARES OF WORLD TOTAL IN 1968
Developed countries Developing countries
Military Exps
Armed Forces
Population
GNP
Puhlic Education
Public Health
o 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent
is not sufficient With 1 rapidly growing oconomy even a declining ratio to GNP can cOllceal un inshytOllsified arms race
Compared with the immediate pre-World War II period military expenditures in 1970 probably took a somewhat smallor share of world GNP HOveeI the yorld economic base has boen so vastly cnlargod that todays share ropresents II
fonrfol(l increase in expenditures ill real terms as compared ith 1937 It is estimated that worldshywide military oxpenditures of 1937 based on a League of Nations study of that prewar yoar totnled about $ljO billion in 1970 prices in contrast to todays $204 billion
Developed and Developing Countries
Poorer countries suffer most from arms races For example military equipment which they proshyduce themselves may tap the high-quality 10shy
sources that are most noedod for investment in eivilian industry ~Iilitary oquipmont bought from abroad may take some foreign exchange that could have helped to modernize tho economy and improve living stawlards
For the past 6 years ACDAs survey shows military expenditures have grown eonsidorably faster ill developing tlum in developed countries The GNP increase in developing economies from 1964 to 1970 expressed in constant prices is substantial but the rate of growth per capita has beon less than that in developod countries
For the dceloping countries 11 calculation of the llnnual growth dividond similar to that shown in the table above for the world total reveals thLt they have devoted to military spending tice llS large a proportion of their GNP growth dividend as havo developed countries whell allowance is made for price increases and the more rapid population growth in the poorer countries Togcthor theso flletors have limited their actual growth dividend for civilian uses to a 6-year gain of only $30 per person In deshyveloped countries by eOlltrast the civilian inshycremen t from 1964 to 1970 was 16 times as mn ch or $469 per person
Chart IV illustrates the end-results of these tlends as of 1968 The 93 developing countries in ACDAs survey lopresented 73 percent of the worlds population but had only 17 percent of
4
Chart V
Dollars PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES FOR400------------------------shy MILITARY EDUCATION AND HEALTH BY REGION 1968
bull Military
bull Public Education
D Public Health Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------200
------------------------------------------------------100
NORTH EUROPE OCEANIA NEAR AMERICA EAST
current world income They accounted for only 7 percent of world public expenditures on henlth care and for 10 percent on education The inshyclusion of international economic assistance would of course add somewhat to the resources available to developing countries but the addition would represent a relatively minor proportion of their GNP All foreign economic aid loans as ell as grants amounts to less than 2 percent of GNP of developing countries
On the other hand the developing areas with their large populations accounted ill 1968 for more than half the 24 million men under arms in the world
While the budgeted military expenditures of the developing countries were only 12 percent of the world total in 1968 this is not the full amount that went into maintaining military forces in these countries Military aid contributions of the major powers are a significant supplement to the military expenditures of developing countries Military aid according to the standard budgetary conshycept of this report is counted among the military expenditures of the donors-not in the recipients military budgets In this respect the expenditure data and chart IV tend to understate the relative military capacity of the developing world
Growth rates recorded since 1964 (see table
FAR EAST LATIN AFRICA AMERICA
below) suggest that developing countries have gradually enlarged their share of world milishytary effort maintaining it rate of increase in pershysonnel in the armed forces as well as in military expenditures considerably larger than that of developed countries Howmer this expunsion of military effort was accompanied by a lowering of their relative economic standing when jlopulnshytion increase is taken into account
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1964-70
(Values in cunstant prices)
World Developed Developing
Military expenditures 2 8 2 3 ii 9 Armed forces 19 O 0 l i
Total GNP 4 9 4 8 j 7 Population 2 1 10 2) Civilian GNP per capita 30 4 0 1 1
GNP le6~ military expenditure
Other Public Expenditures
A comparison of world military expenditures with other pnblic expenditures such as public education public health and foreign economic assistance is set forth ill chart III (page 3) Reshygional comparisons are shown ill rhart V and national data may be found in statistical tables II and III Comprehensive data on private expendishytures on these civilian programs are not avail-
SOUTH ASIA
5
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
Chart III
WORLO MILITARY AND OTHER PUBUC EXPENDITURES
1964 amp 1968 --------------------------------200
Billion current dollars
1964 -r50
1J68
~--~------~--oo
~----50
Military Education Health Foreign Economic
Aid
conceal geographic and other changes which are of major importance in gauging trends
Chart I shows trends in military expenditures in current prices for the ~odd (vertical hite bllrs) and for each of the major eategories of countries for whicb projections through 1970 are attempted It should be noted that the categories of countries shown on the charts are overlapping lVIost vVarshysaw Pact and NATO countries and some other countries are represented in the developed group Developed and developing countries together make up the world total as do KATO middotWnrSlW Pllct and the other category
The chart shows the NATO line in current prices declining after a rnpid rise from 1965 to 1968 Although the Warsaw Pact line continues on a slIlrp llI)nlld slant developed conntrirs as n whole hardly changed sp(1nding levels bctween 1969 Ilnd 1970
Chart II shows trends in military expenditures after allowance is made for tho effect of price ris(ls
(Correction for price changes on a worldwide basis is necessarily rough) Expressed in constant dollars military (lxpeuditnr(ls of developed COUllshy
tries are estimated to have leveled off between 1967 and 1969 and to have declined in 1970 led by a downturn in the NATO totnl This is the first such drop since ACDAs odd survey began in 1964 and a significant one in overall effect since expenditures of the developed conn tries acshycount for approximately 90 percent of world military spending
The trends in developing conntries as a group are rather different In current and even in constant prices the recent rapid increase of military spending in these countries has continll(ld Within this classification of countries however major differences in military expenditure trends are evident The rate of expnnsion of expendishytures is by far the shnrpest in the Nem East Smaller increases have occurred in the Fill East LnJin America and Africa In South Asia spending rates have ehanged relatively little sinee 1966
As chart II indieates in the developing countries as a whole the rate of in(Teast in military spending continues to outstrip the adnll1ce in GXP at tlw expense of populations hose an~llg() illeoIlw p(lr eapita is still barely $200 a year
Comparisons With Economic Growth
Since 1968 when th(l advance in wodd military expenditures began to moderate tho growth rute of world GNP hus been faster than the onrall rise in military spending (see chart II) As it
cons(lquence the shale of world GNP going to military programs has declined from 11 high of 71 p(lrcent in 1967 to 64 percent in 1970
This chango suggests that oHrall the military burden has beOul1 to lessen somewhat in relation
b
to the yorld economy On the oth~r hand dlllllg(ls onr time in the ratio of military spending to GNP must be evaluated cautiollsly both as meUSlrs of relative burden and HS indicators of arms l(strnint Economie groyth is JlopU lation-rela ted Unless the civilinn portion of world GNP-till innstm(lnt and consumption componont~-grows with rising population liying standards full Un(ss the eidlian portion adjust(d for tilr popushylation rise (lxpands with rising GNP lidllg stnndnrds hn ( not b(IWfi ted flllly from t h( growth di dd(lld
3
The record for 1970 as compared with 1964 the year of ACDAs first annual Sllvey shows that military eXJlenditures haye absorbod some of this growth diddend although the shure of world GNP that they tnke has diminished The changos expressed in dollar equivalonts are summarized in the table b(low
WORLD GROWTH DIVIDEND 1970 OVER 1964 (Billion dollars)
Increase in GNP in current dollars 1752 of which
price inflation 514 population increment
(valued at 1964 GNP per capitet) 288
Increase in GNP (adjusted for price and popnlation changes) (450)
of which increase in military expenditures 28
Leaving an actual growth dividend for civilian Uses of 422
In 1970 the dollar value of world GNP vas $1252 billion higher than in 1964 Price rises and population growth however accounted for It
major part of this apparent gain in yalue The increase in GKP when higher prices and larger popUlation are considered as $450 billion or only one-third of the apparent increase The increase in world arms spending in constant prices took $28 billion of this dividend J represell ting a larger share of real growth in devol oping thall in develshyoped countrios
As an indicator of arms restraint a downward trond in tho ratio of military expenJitures to GNP
Chart IV
SHARES OF WORLD TOTAL IN 1968
Developed countries Developing countries
Military Exps
Armed Forces
Population
GNP
Puhlic Education
Public Health
o 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent
is not sufficient With 1 rapidly growing oconomy even a declining ratio to GNP can cOllceal un inshytOllsified arms race
Compared with the immediate pre-World War II period military expenditures in 1970 probably took a somewhat smallor share of world GNP HOveeI the yorld economic base has boen so vastly cnlargod that todays share ropresents II
fonrfol(l increase in expenditures ill real terms as compared ith 1937 It is estimated that worldshywide military oxpenditures of 1937 based on a League of Nations study of that prewar yoar totnled about $ljO billion in 1970 prices in contrast to todays $204 billion
Developed and Developing Countries
Poorer countries suffer most from arms races For example military equipment which they proshyduce themselves may tap the high-quality 10shy
sources that are most noedod for investment in eivilian industry ~Iilitary oquipmont bought from abroad may take some foreign exchange that could have helped to modernize tho economy and improve living stawlards
For the past 6 years ACDAs survey shows military expenditures have grown eonsidorably faster ill developing tlum in developed countries The GNP increase in developing economies from 1964 to 1970 expressed in constant prices is substantial but the rate of growth per capita has beon less than that in developod countries
For the dceloping countries 11 calculation of the llnnual growth dividond similar to that shown in the table above for the world total reveals thLt they have devoted to military spending tice llS large a proportion of their GNP growth dividend as havo developed countries whell allowance is made for price increases and the more rapid population growth in the poorer countries Togcthor theso flletors have limited their actual growth dividend for civilian uses to a 6-year gain of only $30 per person In deshyveloped countries by eOlltrast the civilian inshycremen t from 1964 to 1970 was 16 times as mn ch or $469 per person
Chart IV illustrates the end-results of these tlends as of 1968 The 93 developing countries in ACDAs survey lopresented 73 percent of the worlds population but had only 17 percent of
4
Chart V
Dollars PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES FOR400------------------------shy MILITARY EDUCATION AND HEALTH BY REGION 1968
bull Military
bull Public Education
D Public Health Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------200
------------------------------------------------------100
NORTH EUROPE OCEANIA NEAR AMERICA EAST
current world income They accounted for only 7 percent of world public expenditures on henlth care and for 10 percent on education The inshyclusion of international economic assistance would of course add somewhat to the resources available to developing countries but the addition would represent a relatively minor proportion of their GNP All foreign economic aid loans as ell as grants amounts to less than 2 percent of GNP of developing countries
On the other hand the developing areas with their large populations accounted ill 1968 for more than half the 24 million men under arms in the world
While the budgeted military expenditures of the developing countries were only 12 percent of the world total in 1968 this is not the full amount that went into maintaining military forces in these countries Military aid contributions of the major powers are a significant supplement to the military expenditures of developing countries Military aid according to the standard budgetary conshycept of this report is counted among the military expenditures of the donors-not in the recipients military budgets In this respect the expenditure data and chart IV tend to understate the relative military capacity of the developing world
Growth rates recorded since 1964 (see table
FAR EAST LATIN AFRICA AMERICA
below) suggest that developing countries have gradually enlarged their share of world milishytary effort maintaining it rate of increase in pershysonnel in the armed forces as well as in military expenditures considerably larger than that of developed countries Howmer this expunsion of military effort was accompanied by a lowering of their relative economic standing when jlopulnshytion increase is taken into account
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1964-70
(Values in cunstant prices)
World Developed Developing
Military expenditures 2 8 2 3 ii 9 Armed forces 19 O 0 l i
Total GNP 4 9 4 8 j 7 Population 2 1 10 2) Civilian GNP per capita 30 4 0 1 1
GNP le6~ military expenditure
Other Public Expenditures
A comparison of world military expenditures with other pnblic expenditures such as public education public health and foreign economic assistance is set forth ill chart III (page 3) Reshygional comparisons are shown ill rhart V and national data may be found in statistical tables II and III Comprehensive data on private expendishytures on these civilian programs are not avail-
SOUTH ASIA
5
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
The record for 1970 as compared with 1964 the year of ACDAs first annual Sllvey shows that military eXJlenditures haye absorbod some of this growth diddend although the shure of world GNP that they tnke has diminished The changos expressed in dollar equivalonts are summarized in the table b(low
WORLD GROWTH DIVIDEND 1970 OVER 1964 (Billion dollars)
Increase in GNP in current dollars 1752 of which
price inflation 514 population increment
(valued at 1964 GNP per capitet) 288
Increase in GNP (adjusted for price and popnlation changes) (450)
of which increase in military expenditures 28
Leaving an actual growth dividend for civilian Uses of 422
In 1970 the dollar value of world GNP vas $1252 billion higher than in 1964 Price rises and population growth however accounted for It
major part of this apparent gain in yalue The increase in GKP when higher prices and larger popUlation are considered as $450 billion or only one-third of the apparent increase The increase in world arms spending in constant prices took $28 billion of this dividend J represell ting a larger share of real growth in devol oping thall in develshyoped countrios
As an indicator of arms restraint a downward trond in tho ratio of military expenJitures to GNP
Chart IV
SHARES OF WORLD TOTAL IN 1968
Developed countries Developing countries
Military Exps
Armed Forces
Population
GNP
Puhlic Education
Public Health
o 20 40 60 80 100 Per cent
is not sufficient With 1 rapidly growing oconomy even a declining ratio to GNP can cOllceal un inshytOllsified arms race
Compared with the immediate pre-World War II period military expenditures in 1970 probably took a somewhat smallor share of world GNP HOveeI the yorld economic base has boen so vastly cnlargod that todays share ropresents II
fonrfol(l increase in expenditures ill real terms as compared ith 1937 It is estimated that worldshywide military oxpenditures of 1937 based on a League of Nations study of that prewar yoar totnled about $ljO billion in 1970 prices in contrast to todays $204 billion
Developed and Developing Countries
Poorer countries suffer most from arms races For example military equipment which they proshyduce themselves may tap the high-quality 10shy
sources that are most noedod for investment in eivilian industry ~Iilitary oquipmont bought from abroad may take some foreign exchange that could have helped to modernize tho economy and improve living stawlards
For the past 6 years ACDAs survey shows military expenditures have grown eonsidorably faster ill developing tlum in developed countries The GNP increase in developing economies from 1964 to 1970 expressed in constant prices is substantial but the rate of growth per capita has beon less than that in developod countries
For the dceloping countries 11 calculation of the llnnual growth dividond similar to that shown in the table above for the world total reveals thLt they have devoted to military spending tice llS large a proportion of their GNP growth dividend as havo developed countries whell allowance is made for price increases and the more rapid population growth in the poorer countries Togcthor theso flletors have limited their actual growth dividend for civilian uses to a 6-year gain of only $30 per person In deshyveloped countries by eOlltrast the civilian inshycremen t from 1964 to 1970 was 16 times as mn ch or $469 per person
Chart IV illustrates the end-results of these tlends as of 1968 The 93 developing countries in ACDAs survey lopresented 73 percent of the worlds population but had only 17 percent of
4
Chart V
Dollars PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES FOR400------------------------shy MILITARY EDUCATION AND HEALTH BY REGION 1968
bull Military
bull Public Education
D Public Health Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------200
------------------------------------------------------100
NORTH EUROPE OCEANIA NEAR AMERICA EAST
current world income They accounted for only 7 percent of world public expenditures on henlth care and for 10 percent on education The inshyclusion of international economic assistance would of course add somewhat to the resources available to developing countries but the addition would represent a relatively minor proportion of their GNP All foreign economic aid loans as ell as grants amounts to less than 2 percent of GNP of developing countries
On the other hand the developing areas with their large populations accounted ill 1968 for more than half the 24 million men under arms in the world
While the budgeted military expenditures of the developing countries were only 12 percent of the world total in 1968 this is not the full amount that went into maintaining military forces in these countries Military aid contributions of the major powers are a significant supplement to the military expenditures of developing countries Military aid according to the standard budgetary conshycept of this report is counted among the military expenditures of the donors-not in the recipients military budgets In this respect the expenditure data and chart IV tend to understate the relative military capacity of the developing world
Growth rates recorded since 1964 (see table
FAR EAST LATIN AFRICA AMERICA
below) suggest that developing countries have gradually enlarged their share of world milishytary effort maintaining it rate of increase in pershysonnel in the armed forces as well as in military expenditures considerably larger than that of developed countries Howmer this expunsion of military effort was accompanied by a lowering of their relative economic standing when jlopulnshytion increase is taken into account
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1964-70
(Values in cunstant prices)
World Developed Developing
Military expenditures 2 8 2 3 ii 9 Armed forces 19 O 0 l i
Total GNP 4 9 4 8 j 7 Population 2 1 10 2) Civilian GNP per capita 30 4 0 1 1
GNP le6~ military expenditure
Other Public Expenditures
A comparison of world military expenditures with other pnblic expenditures such as public education public health and foreign economic assistance is set forth ill chart III (page 3) Reshygional comparisons are shown ill rhart V and national data may be found in statistical tables II and III Comprehensive data on private expendishytures on these civilian programs are not avail-
SOUTH ASIA
5
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
Chart V
Dollars PER CAPITA EXPENDITURES FOR400------------------------shy MILITARY EDUCATION AND HEALTH BY REGION 1968
bull Military
bull Public Education
D Public Health Dollars
------------------------------------------------------------200
------------------------------------------------------100
NORTH EUROPE OCEANIA NEAR AMERICA EAST
current world income They accounted for only 7 percent of world public expenditures on henlth care and for 10 percent on education The inshyclusion of international economic assistance would of course add somewhat to the resources available to developing countries but the addition would represent a relatively minor proportion of their GNP All foreign economic aid loans as ell as grants amounts to less than 2 percent of GNP of developing countries
On the other hand the developing areas with their large populations accounted ill 1968 for more than half the 24 million men under arms in the world
While the budgeted military expenditures of the developing countries were only 12 percent of the world total in 1968 this is not the full amount that went into maintaining military forces in these countries Military aid contributions of the major powers are a significant supplement to the military expenditures of developing countries Military aid according to the standard budgetary conshycept of this report is counted among the military expenditures of the donors-not in the recipients military budgets In this respect the expenditure data and chart IV tend to understate the relative military capacity of the developing world
Growth rates recorded since 1964 (see table
FAR EAST LATIN AFRICA AMERICA
below) suggest that developing countries have gradually enlarged their share of world milishytary effort maintaining it rate of increase in pershysonnel in the armed forces as well as in military expenditures considerably larger than that of developed countries Howmer this expunsion of military effort was accompanied by a lowering of their relative economic standing when jlopulnshytion increase is taken into account
AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATES 1964-70
(Values in cunstant prices)
World Developed Developing
Military expenditures 2 8 2 3 ii 9 Armed forces 19 O 0 l i
Total GNP 4 9 4 8 j 7 Population 2 1 10 2) Civilian GNP per capita 30 4 0 1 1
GNP le6~ military expenditure
Other Public Expenditures
A comparison of world military expenditures with other pnblic expenditures such as public education public health and foreign economic assistance is set forth ill chart III (page 3) Reshygional comparisons are shown ill rhart V and national data may be found in statistical tables II and III Comprehensive data on private expendishytures on these civilian programs are not avail-
SOUTH ASIA
5
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
Chart VI
MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND ARMED FORCES 1964 amp 1968
80
1964 1968 60 6Expenditures (b j I 5)
~ ~ Forces (million men) shy c-0 QJ-0
EE c
0
~ c ~ 0
ii5
20
EUROPE FAR EAST
2
AFRICA OCEANIA
able See table II footnotes a and 4 for available data on private spending in individual countries
Manpower
Following a steady upward trend between 1964 and 1968 the number of men under arms began to decline in 1969 and 1970 At year-end total armed forces numbered an estimated 23 million about 05 million fewer than at the 1968 peak although still more than 2 million higher than in 1964
Chart VI shows the large numbers of active duty forces belonging to two of the seven geoshygraphic regions In 1968 almost 16 million or two-thirds of the men under arms were in the forces of European and Far Eastern countries North America ranked next with 36 million under arms and the Ncar East next with 18 million All regions increased forces between 1964 and 1968 the largest rise in absolute numbers being in the Far East
Both developing and developed countries havo increased military expenditures more rapidly than personnel The trend is to larger outlays per man in uniform even when allowance is made for price rises This rate of course varies widely among individual countries Chart VIII (page 31) showing several indicators for the 10 major military powers illustrates the range in expendishytures per man in uniform
In addition to the men and women serving directly in the armed forces military-related emshyployment remained high particularly in the inshydustrialized countries In Europe as a whole manshypower in the armed forces and in industries and trades related to military requirements was estishymated at almost 10 percent of the economically active population Worldwide manpower in the armed forces and in military-related employment in 1968 was close to 60 million a number equaling the total population of West Germany
6
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
418-790 0
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Gross National Product (GNP) represents an economys total output of goods and services valued at current market prices paid by the ultimate COIlsumer
JiilitarJ Expenditures are current and capital expenditures to meet the needs of the armed forces including expenditures of national defense agencies for military programs expenditures for the military components of such mLxed activities as atomic energy space ami research and development military assistance to foreign countries and expenditures on paramilitary forces where they contribute subshystantially to a countrys military capabilities
Foreign Economic Aid Reeeited by developing countries comprises official bilateral grants and loans (gross of repayments) disbursed by Development Assistance CommIttee (DAC) countries and net aid received from multilateral agencies (Aid received from Communist countnes is shmvn in the world total but is not included in country or regional totals) Aid given by DAC countries includes official bilateral aid and net contributions to multilateral agencies Aid given by Communist countries represents deliveries to non-Comshymunist developing countries only Aid from private sources and milishytary assistance are not included
Public Education Expenditures include current and capital expendishytures for preschool primary secondary and university-level educashytion Wherever possible expenditures by all levels of government are covered Private spending is not included
PIblie Health Etpenditlfs represent current expenditures (and whershyever possible capital expenditures) by all levels of government for the provision of medical services Private spending is not included
Armed Forces refer to military personnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where these forces contribute substantially to 11
countrys military capabilities Reserve forces are not included
DeulopinJ OOlntrie~ 93 in number are the countries listed under Latin America the Far East except Japan South Asia and the Near East and Africa except the Republic of South Africa and also include in Europe Albania Bulgaria Greece Portugal Spain Turkey and Yugoslavia
Dueloped COllntric) 27 in number are the countries listld under North America Oceania European NATO except Greece Portugal and Turkey the Varsaw Pact except Bulgaria and include Austria Ireland Finland Sweden Switzerland Japan and South Africa
For further discussion of terms as used in this report ee Statistical Notes page 32
- 71 - 2 7
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
STATlSTICAL TABLES
Table I presents a summary of recent trends in two key indicators military expenditures and GNP by major groups of countries In order to provide as current a picture as present statistical resources permit estimates for 1969 and 1970 are included However since national data for the latter years are preliminary and incomplete these estimates are subject to revision The data in constant 1968 dollars are approximate estimates based on the use of average price and exchange rate adjustment factors for groups of countries and do not reflect adjustments by individual country
Table II is the basic table showing a variety of data on each of 120 individual countries in 1968
the latest year for which data are available on a worldwide basis Table III shovs some of these same data expressed on a per capita basis Hisshytorical trends by country and year 1964-68 are presented in table IV (military expenditures and GNP) and table V (armed forces)
Table VI ranks the first 30 countries of the world in terms of six main factors of military and economic strength
Chart VII RELATIVE BURDEN OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES 1968
ll Z G LI o tf CIl laquo CIl lLJ 0 gt l-e z lLJ ll X lLJ
gtshy0 laquo IshyJ E
OVER 10
5-10
~------
2-5
---~~-
1-2
UNDER 1
UNDER $100middot
1~0$
BURMA
CHAO CONGO
KlNSUA5A DAHOMEY ETHiOP(A HIIII INDIA INOllNJSIAsbt1Ju
REPUBliC UGANOA
AfGflANISTAN MAll tANZANIA u~PEflOtTil
~ -~
tfALAN1 NEPAL NIGet
$100-199
UNITED AS
R9II1JIIC YIETNAM
NORTH VIETtiAM
IEPU911COF
CAMBQI)IA CHINA
MAINLANO
BOLIVIA CAMEROON GIJINEA (ORA
REPfBtlC OF MAIIRUANIA PAKISTAN SUIAti TIAlIANO YEMEN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPIlBlIC
KENVil MAUGASY
RtII~LlC NERIA TOGO
CEYLON SIERRA LEDflE
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT PER CAPITA
$200-299 $300-499 $500-999 $1000-1999 i $2000-2999 OVER$3000
cmNA SAUDI ARABIA ISRAEl REItf811COF
IRAQ IJORDAN
KOREA NORTH
___ f -------- shy--~------
UlAN IALBANIA CUBA POLAND UNITED SYRIMtARAB PORTUGAL USSR STATES
REPUBLIC UNITED KINGDOM
ALGERIA BRAZIL CHILE BULGARIA AUSTRALIA CANADA CONGO LEBAtiON GREECE CZECHOmiddot BElGIUM KUWAIT
BRAZllVILLE MALAYSIA SOUlli AFRICA SLOVAKIA DENMARK SWEDEN MM1NICtN MONGOLIA REPUBLIC OF GERMANY EAST FRANCE
I BUe fRU SfAIN HUNGARY GERMANY GHANA TURKEY VENEZUElA ITALY WEST MOROCCO YUGOSLAVIA NETHERLANDS NORWAY
ROMANIA SWITZERLAND
___ shy _-shy --------COLOMelA QABON ARGENTINA AUSTRIA LUXEMBOURG ECUADOR IVORY COAST CYIRUS FINLAND ElSALVA[)OR IllCARIGUA URUGUAY LIBYA GUATEMALA ZAMBIA NEW ZEALAND HONDURAS lIIiiRIA PARAGUAY PHilI PPI NES RHODpoundSIA
$OUTHERN SENEGAL nJfUSIA
-~------ shyCOSTA RICA Msueo IRELAND ICELANO GUYANA PANAMA JAPAN JAMAICA TRINIDAD amp
I TOBAGO
I
C_~1____l1li11II1II_________111l1li_______IIII_I_UIIIIJ_IIIIIJIIIIbull __IIIII11IIIIIIII1IIIIIIII1III11III1I1I11i11111lflllll1illliililil_-__
8
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE I-SUMMARY TRENDS IN MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GNP 1964-70
Military Expenditures Gross National Product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 est est est est
TOTAL
(Billions of Current Dollars)
WORLD 140 144 161 180 191 199 204 1936 2106 2301 2464 2685 2936 3188 Developed 125 127 143 160 169 175 177 1603 1734 1907 2048 2235 2421 2625 Developing _ 15 17 18 20 22 24 27 333 372 394 416 450 515 563
NATO __ _ 73 74 86 100 105 106 103 1073 1165 1268 1352 1462 1587 l681 Warsaw Pact 49 51 54 57 61 66 71 397 428 466 506 553 593 655 Other _ 18 19 21 23 25 27 30 466 513 567 606 670 756 852
811110ns of Constantl968 Dollars) (
WORLDbullbullbull _bullbullbullbullbullbullbull 158 159 172 188 191 192 186 22112 2325 2452 25711 2685 2830 2940 Developedbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull _bullbull 141 141 154 168 169 169 162 1838 1936 2047 2148 2235 2346 2431 Devl1lopingbull __ ____ ______ bull____ 17 18 18 20 22 23 24 364 389 405 422 4511 484 509
NATObullbullbullbullbull __ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull __ 83 82 92 105 105 102 94 1231 1301 1360 1418 1462 1539 1558 Warsaw PacL__ ________ bull__ 55 56 58 59 61 63 64 446 472 501 526 553 566 594 Other__ ____ bull ________ bull __ bull __ 20 21 22 24 25 27 28 525 552 591 626 670 725 788
PER CAPITA
(Current Dollars)
WORLD __ 43 44 48 52 54 56 56 599 637 682 716 765 820 873 Developed _ ___ 134 135 151 167 174 179 180 1725 1 845 2009 2126 2310 2479 2666 Deyeloping __ 7 7 9 10 145 157 163 168 177 198 211
NATO _ 145 146 168 193 201 201 192 2139 2295 2469 2607 2792 3003 3151 Warsaw Pact 151 153 162 169 180 192 205 1213 1292 1398 1501 1626 1730 1897 Other __ ____ 7 8 9 9 10 11 194 208 224 235 253 279 307
(Comltanll968 Dollars)
WORlD____ __ bull _bull _____ bullbull ______ 49 48 51 55 54 54 51 682 703 727 747 765 790 805 Oeveloped ______ bullbull __ __ __ _____ bullbull 152 150 162 175 174 173 164 1978 2060 2157 2230 2310 2402 2469 Developlnllbull __ _____ __ bull ______ 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 158 165 167 170 177 186 191
NATO bullbull _ __ __ bull____________ _ bull ___ bull __ 165 162 180 202 201 194 177 2455 2563 2648 2734 2792 2911 2921 Warsaw PacL ________ ___________ 170 169 174 176 180 183 186 1362 1425 1502 1562 1626 1 652 1718 other _ ______ _____ __ 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 219 224 234 242 253 268 284
9
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
----
___
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968 [I n current dollars)
Relative burden Other public expend itures Armed forces
GrossMilitary ForcesforeignPopu- Militarynationalexpend-
MilitaryArmedeconomic aidPublic Publicexpend- GNPproductitures lation expend-health 14 forcesper educashyitures as
(per iturestion 23percent capita thou- per manReceived Givenof GNP sand
(thoushy popushy(million (million(million(million(dolshy(million(million (dollars)lation)sands)dollars) dollars)dollars)lars) dollars)dollars) (millions) ()dollars)
SUMMARY
WORLD TOT AL ---- Developed DEvEloping ----- shy
NORTH AMERICAmiddot - - - ---~ - shy
EUROPL Developed Developing
LATIN AMERiCAmiddotmiddot shy ~ --~
FAR EASL Developed - -_ - ~ ~
Developing_
SOUTH ASiA --
NEAR EAST _ - - ~ ~ ~
AFRICA - - - - _ shyDeveloped - - shy
~ ~ shy
_ -~ Developing
OCEANIA
WORLD TOTAL __ ____
NORTH AMERICA_ __ United Statesmiddot __ Canadamiddotbull _ __
EUROPL
NATO European Belgium __ __ Denmark France Germany WesP _____
Greece Icelandmiddot _ Italy __ Luxembourg Netherlands __
See footnotes at end 01 table
65521 60769 4752
23788
37051 35552 1499
1364
889 313 576
403
412
693 195 498
921
86387382
~ 8541 7382 97
shy 4282
576 3353 ~ 3306
47
1410
576
~
1551 846 796-50
1721
350
1324
1551
~
I 324
shy 157
23819 7 10973 II 12846 5
3602 16
8612 12 6986 II 1626 14
1153 4
7161 6 250 2
6911 6
1752 3
993 11 i
449 2 38 2
411 2
i 97 7 I
I
800 15381 170
2287o
1008 12002 1872
1938
1618 4584 I 573
1230
2921
2457 9368 1818
10866
190733 168779 21954
82379
86888 83844 3044
2235
12018 1146
10872
2155
2901
1103 356 747
1054
190733
82379 80596 I 783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245
90 I
2685006 2234940
450066
931800
1185000 1115700
69300
113551
281335 141 920 139415
62090
29594
50130 14020 36 110
31500
2685006
931800 865700 66 100
1185000
529900 20700 12400
126600 132700
7600 500
74800 800
25 200
35091 9675
25416
221 9
7256 6106 1150
2617
12338 10LO
11327
6892
91 5
2708 192
2516
148
I
35091
221 9 201 2 208
7256
I 3016 I
96 50
499 602
I
88
21 528
3 127 1
71 72 49
118
73 75 44
20
43 8
78
35
98
22 25 21
33
765 2310
177
4199
1633 1827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131 i
BY COUNTRY
611
118 93 27
73
43 29 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
7651
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 I 418 2381 I 978
130172 117313 12859
50815
60318 58745 1573
2567
11138 6000 5138
1324
1085
1622 450
1172
1303
130172
50815 46400 4415
60318
17883 893 600
3354 3863
157 12
2730 29
1214
65521 7 382 1
J23788 4282 I
21 382 4 048 1 2406 234
8008
22870 23027 17480
100898612 12
7491 99
103026 10 6081
46 7500 505
9 12 115
486 10
108608
18 2280161
510244~ t 8000
129 i 10 3
7023
37051
15327 530 670 292
6874
middot90 5
696 -20 973
3353576
2829
-I 93 313
29 980 755 i
72
257
~I 139
10
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued I n current dollars]
Relative burden i Other public expenditures 1
Armed lorces
I---I--~-~I----Imiddot ----------shyMilitary Gross Popushy Military Foreign Forces i
Ituresexpendmiddot national
product lation expend GNP Public Public economic aid Armed Military itures as per educa- health 24 bull lorces Iexpend-percent capita tlon 3 1 (per itures 01 GNP Received Given thoumiddot per man
sand) (million (million (dolshy (million (million (million (million (thou- popumiddotdollars) dollars) (millions) () lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) I sands) lalion) I (dollars)
BY COUNTRY~Continued
NATO-Continued Norway Portugal _ Turkey United Kindgom
322 359 573
5545
9 000 5000
11600 103000
38 95
335 553
36 72 49 54
2357 528 346
1863
403 57
321 4450
180 79
139 4779
241
24 47
505
35 183 514 427
9 19 15 8
9200 1 962 1115
12986
NATO Total 105047 1461700 5235 72 2792 68698 39117 313 7 III 6628 13 15849
Warsaw PacL Bulgaria __ Czechoslovakia _ Germany East __ ___ Hungary _____ __
61 100 300
1 360 1 450
340
553200 9100
28400 30800 13800
3402 84
144 171 103
(7-9) 33 48 47 25
1626 1083 1972 1801 1340
38604 367
1093 I 031
580
18281 272 982 792 339
400
100
4783 173 265 196 l37
14 21 18 II 13
12774 1734 5132 7398 2482
Poland__ ____ __ __ _ Romania __ Soviet Union
1950 700
55000
37400 20700
413000
323 197
2380
521158 34 1051
(8-10) 1735
1643 890
33000
1396 600
13900 300
319 223
3470
10 II 15
6113 3139
15850
Other European Albania ___ Austria _ Finland _ _ __ _ Ireland _
3120 76
150 156
27
101900 800
11400 8 000 3 000
838 20 74 47 29
31 1095
13 2 a 9
I 216 400
1551 1706 1 031
3831 70
402 585 110
3443 30 567 344
ll4
263 124
31
803 51
50 39
10
10 26 7 8 3
3885 1490 3 000 4000 2700
Spain _ Sweden_ _ Switzerland _ Yugoslavia _
913 977 365 456
25200 26300 17200 10000
3261 79 61
202
36 37 21 46
773 3322 2798
496
290 1486
577 3ll
403 1 070
429 486
181
82
72 21
305 78 31
239
91 10 5
12
2993 u 12526 11 11774
1908
LATIN AMERICA __ Argentina _ Bolivia _ BraziL_ Chile _ Colombia _
2235 380 17
651 127 98
113557 171l1
786 27353 5670 5638
261 7 236 44
802 92
198
20 22 22 24 22 17
434 725 177 310 614 284
2567 I 346
25 169 205 111
1364 26 3
81 155
96
1410 15 52
319 220 170
1153 8144
18 225 63 55
4 6 4 3 7
1938 2639
944 2893 2016 1782
Cost Ricbull _ _ Cuba bullbull ___ __ _ Dominican Republic_ _ Ecuadoc ___ EI Salvador
300 30 26 10
734 bull 5 000
1169 1475
930
16 76 4 a 57 32
106 a 26 18 11
449 658 295 259 290
33 281
26 35 24
20 60 -14
6 14
15 1
54 28 10
394 18 17 6
52 5 3 2
761 1667 1529 1667
Guatemala _ __ Guyana _ _ HaitL __ Honduras _ Jamaica _
16 2
1500 215 326 621 951
5 a 7
50 25 L9
11 9
21 14 5
299 303
65 245 497
27 8 3
17 22
34 8 4 7
17
24 16 6
15 28
9 1 5
2 1 1 2 1
1778 2000 1 400 1800 2500
Mexico_ Nicaragua __ _ Panama _ __ Paraguay _ Peru ____
184 10 1
10 132
26310 697 826 511
4287
473 19 14 22
128
7 14 1
20 31
557 374 602 229 336
504 16 33 9
151
316 5
16 3
51
210 19 19 23 57
70 i6
13 50
6
2629 1667
769 2640
Trinidad amp Tobago __ Uruguay_ bull Venezuela
3 23
194
748 1589 9110
10 28 97
4 14 21
726 564 941
19 13
396
10 21 78
1 13
38
3 000 1 769 5105
See footnotes at end of table
11
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE It-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued (I n current dollars) 1
Military expendshy
itures
Gross national product
Popushylation
Relative burden Other public expenditures
I
I Public
ForeignMilitary GNP Public economic aid S expendshy per I educashyitures as I capita 1 tion Zbull1 I health
Armed forces
I 1Forces Armed 1 Military forces 1 flfer expend-
percent I Received Given 1 taumiddot itures of GNP 1 sand I per man
(million (million I
(dol- (million (million (million (million I (thou- popushy1dollars) dollars) I(millions) () lars)
dollars) dollars) 1 dollars) dollars) I sands) lation) (dollars)
I I
__------_--
FAR EAST Burma Cambodia China Mainland China Republic 01 Indonesia
Japan+ Korea North Korea Republic oL Laos Malaysia
Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASiA Afghanista n Ceylon India NepaL Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq I srae __ Jordan I
Kuwait I lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic -
Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA 0shy
Algeria Cameroon Cenlral African Republic Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey __ I Ethiopia Gabon Ghana _
Guinea __ Ivory Coast Kenya liberia libya
See footnotes at end of table
middot20 116 157
550 613
2155 16 13
1603 5
518
2901 I 6
530
280 I 672 105
63 45 I
383 i 137 I 14 I 666 I
1103 1
100 I 19 I 3
8 1
6 I
44 I 4
41 I 3
44 i
14 I 17 I 15 I 3 I
37 I
575 I 7276 1 5512
2300 3050
62090 1370 1781
43 000 800
15139
29594 1 438
8 020 I 2400 i 4042
575 i
2220 i
1 424 2200 I 1425
550
5740
50130 3365
800 200 270 174
1330 182
1534 200
1 994
669 1242 1330
254 2965
BY COUNTRY--Continued
12338 264 66
806 a 141
1137
43 57 66
F 8 3 101 29
4 000 99
100
101 1 134 305
28 103
8 10180
41 168 32
1 404 I 261 188 I 721
326 I
6000 100 110
7 140
12 359 351 193 174
1[gt 35 16 28
10 239 20 I
479 I 203 157 i 119
175 I
198 168 91
32
6892 161 120
5271 107
1234
35 12 7
37 6
34
90 1 85 I
149
82 I 75
123 I
1324 6
66 1 130
4 118
91 5 6
27 I 86 27 2 I
98 14 66
117 166 183
324 704 296 278
1472 I 274
1085 9
182 133 225
19
5 27 46 57 5 a
28 32
174 96
) 2 5
4111 519 478 250 110
87 34
107 54 3
31 7 I 6 181 232
2708 129 56 15 35 9
22 3 a 24
10 1 5 10 3 a to 34
185 260 43 134 78
200
1622 155 23 7 8
111
17 a 26
242 5
84
33 lfr 2 2
27 15 22
78
711 63 I
417
238 1
69 I 7
15 10 67
38 4 a
102 11 18
21 4 11 12 12
174 312 130 225
1644
37 60 22 7
74
313 I 11 I II 2
123
2
23 29
18 24
403 9 46
283 5
60
412 I 4 1
135 I 28 57
44 8
33 7
8
80
693 59 11 3
bull 4 6
28 I 5 1
1~ I 16
17 10 3
37
11
95 333
314 60 50
139 79
448
1721 30 48
1107 2
534
350 I
132 14 70 48
14 13
-15 11 1
61
1324 117
45 18 22 42
67 18 50 11 87
9 49 61 23 6
50
796
i I I i
s 33 47
167 447 735
1752 70 10
11133 1
15 1
bull 524 1
I 99i I
bull 225 I 992 1
771 55 I
I 7
12 956 69
8
bull 391
449 58 5
1 1 2 I
I 31 2 I
45 i 1 1
15 i
4 3-I 4
I 8 I
2 I 31 20 I 34 6
28
5 23
42
3 4 i 2 i I I 4 I
I 11 2 i 8
II 28 26 I
13 4
12 1
12 1
2 I
12 I 2 I 4 I 1 I 1
4 1 4 I
1678 775 774
2419 805 696
4584 1 534
379 358
1 895
606 2468
940 1 230
834
1230 229
1300 1415
333 989
2921 6000 2356 3043 8727 1 909
9 000 3750 6839 1986 1750
1703
2457 1724 3800 3 000 8 000 3 000
1419 2 000
911 3000 2933
2800 4250 5 000
750 4625
12
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE II-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued [In current dollarsjt
I Relative burden I Other public expenditures I Armed forcesI
IMilitary ForeignGross expend- national Popu- Military GNP Public economic aid S Forces MilitaryIArmeditures product lation expend- per educa- Public expendshy
tion 23 (perhealth 2 ituresitures as capita forces thoupercent per manReceived Given
of GNP sand (million (million (million (million (million (thoushy(dolshy (million popushydollars) dollars) (millions) lars) dollars) dollars) dollars) dollars) sands) lation)
I(dollars)()
I
BY COUNTRY -Continued
AFRICA-Continued Malagasy Republic MalawL __ MaIL __ Mauritania Morocco_
Niger Nigeria____ Rhodesia Southern__ __ _ Senegal ____ Sierra leone __ __
Somali Republic __ __ __ South Africa Republic of Sudan __ __ Tanzania Togo ____
Tunisia Ugandabull Upper Volta~ __ Zambia ______
OCEANIA ____ Australia __ ___ New Zealand
13 780 I 247 5 264 8 172
76 2981
342 91 3
6000 21 1138 15 827
340
8 170 356 14020
74 1560 13 943 I 121
183 213 I 14 471048 16 994 81 -5 5 I257 20 1325 41
1054 31500 148 26600 120
9~ I 4900 I 28 I
70 43 48 11
146
38 535 49 38 25
27 192 148
Oeveloped country or region (Country without asterisk is developing) All countries in region are developing Rough ACDA estimate
None or negligible I For most countries conversion into US dollars Is at official par value exchange
rates as rounded by AID For all Communist and several developing countries esllmated purchaSing power panties are used (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Due to dilferences in concepls coverage and reliability data on public education and health expenditures do not permit accurate comparisons between countries or in some cases between years for the same country
3 Public expendHures on education in 1968 are ACDA estimates based primarily on dala for 1967 or earlier (See Educalion page 34)
Informallon on educational expenditures which are made outside of governmentbudgets is not available on a worldwide baSis The rellive importance of these expenditures vanes sharply from co~nlry to country In the United States private expe~dltures In 1968 were $118 billion or 20 of the total Private expendilures conslltut~d the follOWing percentages of total national expenditures In 1967 (or Ih indicated year) according to UNESCO estimates
EI Salvador ______ Sudan
Percent Percent Argenlina (1966) __ __ Australia ____ __ Canada ____ __ Chile (1966) bull China Republic of ~_ poundcuador bull __ __ __ __
51 38 23 28 29 34
Israel (I966)~ __ Japan _____ Jordan __Kenya __ _ Malawi _ __ Philippines_
26 20 14 70 15 24
23 __ ___ __ 27 Bhiopia (1966) 47 Venezuela __ __ _______ __ 27Greece ________ __ 39 Vietnam Republic of (1965) __ 58Guatemala _______ __ __ 25 Zambia (1966) __ __ 73India __ 44
In Communist countrie~ extramiddotbudgetary expenditures are also significan For example according 10 offiCial data education expenditures by state cooperative and trade union enterprises and collective farms in the Soviet Union make up about 13 percent of the total parental payments to childrens institutions and schools mayconstitute another 6 percent
17 III 49 15 44 4 58 II 4 26
19 55 10 4 20 47 154 4 8 25 204 106 40 124
9
I
90 I 5 29 15 112 132 [ 83 108 18 230 42 I 13 -3 18 220 29 14 48 9 137 9 3 111
47 62 3 I 26 I
25 731 450 195 47 106 69 22 I 29 14 78 30 13 34 14 120 4 2 13
13 16
224 122
i 57 I
15
I 15
14 I 88 20
lO 1 9 50 i 6 I 23 15 326
1
I 20 I e 18 51
I
33 2131 1 1303 I 921 157 36 18
2211 1 781
i
i 1132
171 697 224 i
157
I 4 I I
4 I
62
I 70 I 5 5 i
2
8 38 24 4 1
2 I 2 I 3 i
I I
97 84 shy13 I
4
3250 1000 1250 8000 1226
3000 1300 4200 3000 1500
1000 9368 3083 3250 3000
609 2667 2500 6667
10866 11524 6615
Public expenditures on health in 1968 are based in part on data for earlier years(See Health page 35)
As 10 educational expenditures Ihe portion of tolal health expenditures which is exlramiddotbudgetary varies greatly from country to country Scattered information suggests that on average Ihe private portion of health expenditures may be higherthan the private portion of education expenditures In the United States in 1968 private health expenditures amounted to $352 billion or 62 percent of total health expenditures
In Communist countries extramiddotbudgetary health expenditures are made by state cooperative and trade unum enterprises anj collective farms as well as households In the Soviet Union for example they constitute about 20 percent of total health expenditures according to official sources
Economic aid given by Communist countries to nonmiddotCommunist counlries is included in the world total of aid received It is not distributed by individual recipientcounlries or regions however as accurate data on such distribution are no available (See Foreign Economic Aid page 34_)
Military expenditures and GNP are not fully comparable due to the use of different dollar conversion rates lor the two variables in the Soviet Union (see footnote 9)Using the more valid ralios shown in parentheses for the Soviet Union and Ihe Warsaw Pact total the ratio for the world is eslimated to be 6-7 percent and for Europe 5-6 percent
1 Ineludes West Berlin Includes paramililary as well as regular forces The implied relationship between dollar amounts of Soviet GNP and military
expenditures (or GNP and public expenditures on educalion and health) is not valid due 10 the use of di~erent types of conversion rates lor GNP and particular sectors It is estimated Ihat the actual ratio of military expenditures to GNP would fall somemiddot where within the range indicated in parentheses the lower part of the range reflecting a comparison of military expenditures and GNP in faclormiddoteost ruble values and the upper estimate representing dollar values converted on a comparable basis (See Conversion Rates page 35)
10 Since either or both military expenditures and GNP estimates are approximations the resulting ratio should be viewed with particular caution
II For Sweden SWitzerland and Israel the high rate of military expendilures per man rellects small standing forces with a capability for extremely rapid mobilization of large reserve forces
13
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
-----------
----------
TABLE II I-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968
fin current dollars per capital
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendishy national education health economic
tures product expendlshy expend 1shy aid given tures tures
SUMMARY
WORLD__ bull Developed __ _ __ Developing_ bullbullbull
NORTH AMERICA _ bullbull _ __ __
EUROPEbull _ Developed bullbull ___ Developingbullbullbull
LATIN AMERICAmiddotmiddot _bullbull ____ _
FAR EAST ____ bull ___ _ _bull _bullbull Developed __ _bull Developing bullbull ___ bull
SOUTH ASIA__ ___ ___
NEAR EASTmiddotbullbullbullbull __ _ ___
AFRICAbullbullbullbullbull _ Developed _ Developingbullbullbullbull _bullbull
OCEANIAmiddot_ __
------~--
54 174
9
371
120 137
26
10 11 10
3
32
4 19 3
71
19 63 2
101 19
51 58 13
1 8
3 10
61 11
BY COUNTRY
WORLD
NORTH AMERICA United States bullbull Canada bullbullbullbullbullbull
EUROPE
NATO European___ bull Belgium Denmarkmiddot____ bull France Germany
Greece_ bull Iceland Italybull _ _ __ Luxembourg ___ _ Netnerlands _bull_ _
Norway PortugaL _ ___ Turkey ____ _ __ United Kingdom bull _ _ __
NATO TotaL_ bull
See lootnotes at end 01 table
165 2310
177
4199
1633 I 827
603
434
228 1404
123
90
324
185 731 144
2131
31 121
5
229
83 96 14
10
9 59 5
2
12
6 23 5
88
31
229 231 213
83
59 93
121 67 61
18 60 52 86 95
106 6
10 80
131
54
371 401
85
120
75 63 70
123 88
42
43 24 71
84 38 17
100
201
765
4199 4304 3182
1633
1757 2152 2504 2536 2206
863 2488 1418 2381 1978
2357 528 346
1853
2792
-------------~--~-
19
107 106 116
51
51 55
135 6
114
10 25 13 60 76
47 8 4
86
75 I
19 20 11
10 10 6
20 13
11
6 5
9
14
14
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19GB-Continued
lin current dollars per capital
Warsaw PacL
Other European
9
I
Militaryexpendshy
tures
Gross national product
Public education expendlshy
tures
Public health
expendishytures
Foreigneconomic aid given
BY COUNTRY-Continued
________________ OPE-ContinuedEUR
180 1626 113 54 Bulgarla ______________________ Czechoslovakia ________________
_______________ Hungary_____________________ Germany East
36 94 85 33
1083 1972 1801 1340
44 76 60 56
32 68 46 33 I
Poland ______________________ Romania _____________________
60 36
1158 1051
51 45
43 30 J
_________________oviet UnionS 231 1 735 139 58
______________ 37 1216 46 41 Albania ______________________ 38 400 35 15 Austria 20 1 551 55 77 Finland ______________________ 33 1706 125 73 Ireland _____________________ 9 1 031 38 39
Spain ________________________ 28 773 9 12 Sweden _____________________ 123 3322 188 135 Switzerland 59 2798 94 70 Yugoslavia ____________________ 23 496 15 24
LATIN AMERICA ______ 9 434 10 5 Argentina_______ 16 725 15 1 Bolivia ______________________ 4 117 6 1 BraziL _________________ 7 310 2 1 Chile_______________________ 14 614 22 17 Colombia _____________________ 5 284 6 5
C 449 20 12 Cuba _________________________
osta Rica _____________________
39 658 37 8 ____________Dominican Republic 8 295 7 4
Ecuador _____________ 5 259 6 1 EI Salvador ________ 3 290 7 4
Guatemala _________ 299 5 7 Guyana _______________________
ailL ________________________ 303 11 11
H 65 1 1 Honduras__________ _________ 245 7 3 Jamaica ______________________ 497 12 9
Mexico ________________ 4 557 11 Nlcaragua ____________________ 5 374 9 3 Panama ______________________ 1 602 24 12 Paraguay_____________________ 4 229 4 1
_________________________ 10 336 12
_____________rinidad amp TobagoT 3 726 25 18 Uruguay_____________ 8 564 22 5 Venezuela ___________ 20 941 35 47
10 228 9 Burma ___ 4 71 2 Cambodia __________ 10 150
____China Mainland 9 112 __China Republic oL 30 298
Indonesla ____________ 95
Japan ________ 11 1 404 59 ___Korea Norih 47 261 7
__________Korea Republic oL 8 188 4 ___________________ 12 72 2 1
Malaysia __________________ 10 326 14 12
Peru
FAR EAST_
8
Laos
See foolnoles al end of Table
418-790 0 71 - 3 15
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 1968-Continued
(I n current dollars per capital
Military Public ForeignGross I Publicexpendi national education health economic
tures product expendi- expendishy aid given I tures tures
BY COUNTRY-Continued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia ________________ _ phiippines_____________ _ Thailand ____________________ _ Vietnam North_______________ _ Vietnam Republic 01 ________ _
SOUTH ASIA_________________ _ Afghanistan __________________ _ Ceylon ______________________ _ India ________________________ _ NepaL ______________________ _ Pakistan_____________________ _
NEAR EAST __________________ _ Cyprus______________________ _ 1ran________________________ _ 1raq ________________________ _ Israel ______________________ _ Jordan ______________________ _
KuwaiL _____________________ _ lebanon_____________________ _ Saudi Arabia _________________ _ Syrian Arab Republic _________ _ Yemen ______________________ _
United Arab Republic _________ _
AFRICA _________________________ _ Algeria ______________________ _ Cameroon ___________________ _
Central African Republic_______ _Chad _______________ _
Congo (Brazzaville) __ _
Congo (Kinshasa) _____________ _ Dahomey____________________ _ Ethiopia _____________________ _ Gabon ______________________ _ Ghana _______________________ _
Guinea ______________________ _
Ivory Coast Kenya _______________________ _ liberia______________________ _ libya ________________ _
Malagasy Republic ________ _ Malawi ______________________ _ MaIL ___________________ _ Mauritania____________________ _ Morocco_____________________ _
Niger_____ ______________ _ Nigeria_______________ _ Rhodesia Southern______ _ SenegaL __________________ _ Sierra leone _____________ _
See footnotes at end of table_
17 3 4
28 35
3 I 1 3 I
32 10 20 32
245 50
117 16 83 24 3
21
4 8 3 2 2
3 2 2 6 5
4 4 1 3
21
479 203 157 119 175
90 85
149 82 75
123
324 704 296 278
1472 274
4111 519 478 250 110
181
185 260 143 134
78 200
78 71 63
417 238
174 312 130 225
1644
III 58 55
154 204
90 112 230 220 137
6 5 5 2
12 14 7
15 82 9
161 12 23 9 I
6 12 4 5 2
13
4 3 1
21 8
10 15 2 6
41
3 2 4 7
1 1 4 1
5 6 5 3
21 4
81 3 7 I 2
3 5 2 2
2 2 1
10 2
3 21
I I
16
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE III-PER CAPITA MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND RELATED DATA 19G5-Continued
[In current dollars per capita)
Military Gross Public Public Foreignexpendlshy national education health economic
tures product expendishy expendlshy aid given tures tures
IIY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic_____________ _
South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan ____________ _
Tan~ania ___ _ Togo _______ _
Tunisia ___ _ Uganda_____________ _ Upper Volta _______ _ Zambia ____ _
OCEANIA ______________ _ Australia ____ _
New Zealand
62 13 19 731 23 5 106 5 4 78 2 2 120 2
224 12 122 2 50
326
71 2131 88 80 2211 92 31 1781 62
1 10 1 1
67 58 81
11 13
Developed country or region (Country without Note See footnotes to Table II and Statistical asterisk is developing) Notes for descriptions and sources of data
All countries in region are developing - rhne or negligible
17
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing _
LATIN AMERICA--_ _
FAR EAST __ Developed Developing_
SOUTH ASIA-
NEAR EAST
AFRICA_ bull Developed Developing
OCEANIAmiddot
WORLD TOTAL_ __
NORTH AMERICA ___ _ United Statesmiddot _ _ Canadamiddot __
EUROPE ___ ______
NATO European__ _____ Belgium __ Denmark-_ ___ __ France _ _ __ Germany West______
Greece___ Iceland ___ Italy ___ bull _______ _ Luxembourg __ Netherlands _ __ __
Norwaymiddot __ PortugaL _ Turkey ____ United Kingdommiddot ____ bull
NATDtota-- ___
See footnotes at end of table
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percentof GNP
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
SUMMARY
___ 139637 143936 160874 180394 190733 366 72 68 70 73 71 ______ --shy 124488 127031 142997 160328 168779 356 78 74 75 78 76 ___________ 15149 16905 17877 20066 21954 449 46 45 45 48 49
____ 53001 53379 64883 77301 82379 554 78 73 81 91 88
____________ _ 71614 73760 78079 83187 86888 213 82 79 76 75 73 __ ___ __ 69546 71600 75665 80357 83844 206 84 82 79 77 75
___ _ 2 068 2160 2414 2830 3044 472 43 39 39 42 44
1780 1833 2159 2179 2235 256 21 20 21 20 20
___ bull __ bull 8144 8714 9527 10769 12018 476 47 45 44 44 43 _____ bull ______ 836 781 933 1040 1146 371 12 9 10 9 8
_ _ 7308 7933 8594 9729 10872 488 70 72 72 75 78
___ __ bull 2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 39 43 40 38 35
______ 1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 72 74 76 95 98
___ __ bull ___ _ 867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 25 24 24 24 22 ____ _ 375 320 331 370 356 51 36 30 28 28 25 ___ ____ 492 608 683 719 747 51 8 2 a 22 23 23 21
_ ___ bull 730 951 1185 1260 1054 444 29 34 39 41 33
BY COUNTRY
139637
53001 51323 1678
71614
19672 497 255
4918 4888
185
1789 9
735
220 229 385
5562
72673
143936
53379 51884 1535
73760
20578 501 286
5125 4979
210
1939 10
750
266 232 425
5855
73957
160874
64883 63283 1600
78079
21335 530 310
5300 4950
240
2125 10
775
260 240 445
6150
86218
lBO 394
17301 75484 1817
83187
23054 569 326
5856 5349
313
2175 8
884
294 333 511
6436
100355
190733
82379 80596 1783
86888
22668 602 345
6118 5278
367
2245 8
906
322 359 573
5545
105047
366
554 570 63
213
152 211 353 244 80
984
255 -111
233
464 568 488
-03
445
72
78 81 39
82
49 32 28 56 47
37
34 15 43
34 74 53 60
68
68
73 76 32
79
48 30 29 55 44
36
34 16 39
37 63 52 59
63
70
81 84 30
76
46 29 28 52 41
36
35 14 37
34 59 47 58
68
73
91 95 32
75
46 29 27 51 44
45
32 11 39
35 72 48 58
74
71
88 93 27
73
43
291 28 48 40
48
30 10 36
36 72 49 54
72
18
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68 current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964--68
SUMMARY
1935863 2106380 2300921 1603300 1734080 1906540
332563 372300 394381
675900 733000 803200
872000 933600 1025300 824200 871900 963300 47800 55700 62000
83610 92458 103580
111116 195303 217193 68000 84560 97480
103176 110743 119713
54193 62572 54266
19176 22605 24751
35008 38942 42031 10400 10720 11960 24608 28222 30 071
24800 27900 30800
1935863 2106380 2300921
675900 733000 803200 632400 684900 749900 43500 48100 53300
872000 933600 1025300
401000 421200 466800 15300 16800 18100 9000 10 000 11100
88200 93500 101400 103500 112200 119600
5000 5900 6700 300 500 600
52600 56700 61400 600 600 700
17100 19 000 20800
6400 7100 7600 3100 3700 4100 7300 8 lao 9400
92600 99200 105300
1 073200 1 165300 1267700
2464143 2047740
416403
2685006 2234940
450 066
387 394 353
850900 931800 379
1105000 037300
67700
1185000 1115700
69300
359 354 450
101080 113557 358
244836 115660 129176
281335 141920 139415
644 1087 351
53307 62090 146
27312 29594 543
44908 13080 31828
50130 14 020 36 110
432 348 467
30800 31500 270
WORLD TOTAL Developed Developing
NORTH AMERICA
EUROPE Developed Developing
LATIN AMERICA
FAR EAST Developed Developing
SOUTH ASIA
NEAR EAST
AFRICA Developed Developing
OCEANIA
BY COUNTRY ~----------~~~~------~----
2464143 2685006 387
850900 931800 319 793500 865700 369 57400 66100 52 a
105000 1185000 359
501 000 529900 321 19500 20700 353 12200 12400 378
115900 126600 435 121 000 132700 282
7000 7600 520 600 500 667
67 000 74800 422 700 800 333
22700 25200 474
8300 9 000 406 4600 5000 613
10600 11600 589 no 900 103 000 112
I 351 900 1461700 362
WORLD TOTAL
NORTH AMERICA United States Canada
EUROPE
NATO European Belgium Denmark Francemiddot Germany West
Greece Iceland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
Norway Portugal Turkey United Kingdom
NATO total
19
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures
Percent
Military expenditures as percentof GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 enange 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 19~
BY COUNTRY-Continued
IEUROPE-Continued Warsaw PacL (7-9) (1-9) (7-9) (7-9) (7-9)49480 50650 53890 57070 61100 235
45 31 35 32 33280 250 260 260 300 71Bulgariabullbull 65 63 60 51 481380 1410 1450 1340 1360 -14Czechoslovakia _ 28 29 28 31 47Germany East 680 740 170 890 1450 1132 31 30 24 23 25320 320 280 290 340 63Hungary__ bull
49 48 50 5 a 521310 l390 1560 1680 1950 489Poland __ 36 35 33 32 34510 540 570 610 100 313Romania __
(8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) (8-10) 45 000 46000 49000 52000 55 000 222Soviet Union__ bullbull
33 30 31 31 312462 2532 2854 3063 3120 267Other European__ 100 100 100 99 9570 70 70 69 76 86Albania 16 13 14 14 13
Finland 135 118 135 144 150 11 1 Austriabullbull __
16 17 16 21 20105 139 141 148 156 486 23 12 13 12 9Ireland __ bull 59 33 37 39 27 -542
29 26 31 35 36Spain ____ 516 571 753 948 913 769 48 44 43 40 37Sweden __ ____ 826 843 924 945 977 183 27 26 26 23 21348 356 388 374 365 49Switzerland __ __ __ 52 45 45 41 56403 396 406 396 456 132Yugoslavia
21 20 21 20 201780 1833 2159 2119 2235 256LATIN AMERICA 24 21 24 23 22R 402 R 412 R 469 R 355 380 -55Argentina ______ 22 25 23 21 2212 15 15 15 17 41 7BoIIvia__ 32 23 25 25 24R 451 R 449 R611 H 692 651 425BraziL _
R 108 R 119 H 143 R 132 127 176 21 21 23 21 22Chile __ ___ 16 17 17 14 17Colombia _____ ltshy It 82 R 61 1 71 171 98 195
Costa Rica ____ Cuba_ -_ 67 61 66 63 60
Dominican Republic _ 35 35 32 31 30 -143 R200 R 213 R 230 R 250 300 500
33 38 32 29 26 Ecuador ___ ______ 20 21 23 20 1821 24 28 27 26 238
12 11 12 11 11EI Salvador_____ 9 9 10 10 10 111
09 11 11 11 1111 14 15 16 16 455Guatemala_ _- NA NA 05 09 09
HaitL ____________ __ NA NA I 2 2 NAGuyana bullbull
24 28 24 23 218 9 8 7 -125 13 12 13 14 14Honduras _ 6 6 1 9 500
Jamaica ____ ____ 05 06 05 05 054 5 5 5 25 a
Mexico ____ ___ ____ 07 07 08 07 07128 134 168 168 184 418 14 14 15 16 14Nicaragua ___ _____ 7 8 9 10 10 429
Panama _______ 02 02 01 01 011 1 1 1 I 12 16 17 21 2 aParaguay _ ______ 5 7 8 10 10 lOa a
Peru_______ ______ __ 29 27 23 34 31 II 104 R 115 R 117 R 135 132 269
08 08 07 063 -400Trinidad amp Tobago____ 04115 17 15 19 14
Venezuela_ __ R 23 R 18 R 22 R 27 23Uruguay
21 23 23 24 21152 174 184 202 194 276
i 47 45 44 44 4318144 8714 9527 10169 12018 476FAR EAST _ __ 65 62 65 57 57Burma ____ 104 no 113 103 107 29 51 64 62 59 6645 53 54 57 65 444Cambodia __ 79 80 81 82 83China Mainland____ 5500 6000 6 SOD 7000 7500 364 95 77 II 2 115 101China Republic of ____ 218 218 350 415 425 950 15 10 14 18 29121 87 123 172 313 1587Indonesia
Japan _____ 12 9 10 9 8
Korea North ___ 836 781 933 R 1040 1146 371
120 14 a 103 153 180R 300 R 350 R 300 R 460 629 1097 45 56 39 40 41Korea Republic of _ 123 113 150 184 235 911
laos____ __ _______ 108 156 185 180 168 I Malaysia __ ________ bull 90 117 121 123 108 200
11 27 35 35 34 1000 33 40 4 a 39 32
See footnotes at end of table
20
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent change1964-68
BY COUNTRY~Continued ~-~-~
397000 427700 466400 505900 553200 6200 6700 7 SOD 8200 9100
21 300 22 500 24300 26300 28400 24200 25700 27200 29100 30800 10400 10700 1700 12600 13800
26700 28700 31500 33900 37400 14200 15400 17200 18800 20700
Ilt 294 000 Ilt 318 000 R 347 000 Ilt 377 000 413 000
74 000 84700 92100 98100 101900 700 700 700 700 800
8500 9300 10 000 10600 11400 6600 8100 8600 7100 8 000 2600 2800 2900 3200 3000
17700 21800 24600 26900 25200 17200 19300 21300 23900 26300 12900 13900 15 000 16 000 17200 7800 8800 9 000 9700 10000
83610 92458 103580 107080 113551 R 16793 R 19182 R 19320 R 15568 1711
536 606 661 712 786 R 14317 R 19264 R 23975 R 27 197 27353
R 5265 R 5601 R 6 139 R 6317 5670 R 5 047 II 3 636 R 4270 R 5034 5638
549 581 624 671 734 Ilt 3 000 It 3200 R 3 500 Ilt 4000 5 000
1072 918 I 012 1 068 1169 1052 I 124 1238 1350 1475
741 790 837 882 930
1277 1316 1375 1416 1500 NA NA 220 230 215 330 327 334 300 326 466 512 545 577 621 823 889 946 994 951
17968 19416 21768 24 112 26310 485 573 600 641 697 572 630 698 713 826 401 436 460 477 511
R 3 542 R 4213 R 4996 R 3997 4287
600 600 672 816 748 R 1559 R 1 069 HI 455 R 1433 1589
7215 7575 7935 8515 9110
171176 195303 217193 244836 281335 1610 1760 1740 1803 1883
785 830 875 962 983 70 000 75000 80 000 85 000 90 000 2290 2828 3138 3602 4200 8 000 8500 9000 9600 10840
68000 84560 97480 115660 141920 2500 2500 2900 3 000 3500 2745 2901 3822 4612 5730
158 173 189 194 202 2733 2890 3056 3176 3364
--------- shy
EUROPE-Continued Warsaw Pact393
Bulgaria468 Czechoslovakia333 Germany East273 Hungary327
401 Poland 458 Romania 405 Soviet Union
Other European353 143 Albania 341 Austria
Finland212 154 Ireland
424 Spain 529 Sweden
Switzerland333 51 Yugoslavia
358 i LATIN AMERICA 19 Argentina
466 Bolivia Brazil911
77 Chile Colombia117
Costa Rica337 667 Cuba
Ooninican Republic91 Ecuador402
255 EI Salvador
Guatemala NA
175 Guyana
-12 Haiti Honduras333
156 Jamaica
464 Mexico Nicaragua437
444 Panama Paraguay274
210 Peru
247 Trinidad amp Tobago 19 Uruguay
263 Venezuela
644 fAR EAST 17 a Burma 252 Cambodia 286 China Mainland 834 China Republic of 355 Indonesia
1087 Japan Korea North400 Korea Republic of1087 Laos278
231 Malaysia
21
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE IV-MILITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNP
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 Percent
change 1964-68
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
fAR EAST-Continued Mongolia _____________ Philippines___________ Thailand ____________ Vietnam North _______ Vietnam Republic of
SOUTH ASIAmiddot ________ Afghanistan _______ Ceylon _______________ India ____ NepaL _______________ Pakistan _____________
NEAR EASTmiddot _________ Cyprus _________ ____ Iran ___ __________ __ Iraq ___________ IsraeL_____________ Jordan __________
Kuwait _________ lebanon_ ___________ Saudi Arabia_________ Syrian Arab Republic __ yemen _______________
United Arab Republic __
AFRICA ______________ Algeria ____________ Cameroon ____________ Central African Rep___ Chad________________
Congo (Brazzaville)___
Congo (Kinshasa)_____ Dahomey _____________ Ethiopia______________ Gabon _______________ Ghana _______________
Guinea ___________ ~ __ Ivory CoasL _____ ___ Kenya_______________ liberiL ________ libya_________ _____
Malagasy Republic____ MalawL _____________ MalL _______________
Mauritania__ Morocco_
Niger ___ Nigeria___ Rhodesia Southern____ SenegaL __________ Sierra leone ___ ______
BY COUNTRY-Continued ~~----~--~-~~
R 15 R 15 R 15 R 20 20 333 72 76 84 108 16 611 86 84 97 133 157 826
R 350 R 425 R 350 500 550 571 267 258 302 419 613 129_ 6
2120 2706 2158 2013 2155 17 13 23 15 16 16 231 15 13 14 IS 13 -134
1800 2017 R 1641 1486 1603 -11 0 S 5 RS R4 5
287 588 483 492 518 80 S
1381 1665 1869 2596 2901 1101 8 9 8 9 6 -250
233 296 328 418 530 1275 140 197 207 268 280 1000 372 413 400 R 584 672 806 59 60 61 77 105 780
20 31 55 55 63 2150 26 30 38 40 -45 731
113 131 202 341 383 2389 100 95 97 125 137 370 10 11 12 13 14 400
300 392 461 666 666 1220
867 928 1014 1089 1103 272 70 100 100 100 100 429 17 15 16 18 19 IlS 2 3 3 3 500 2 5 8 8 3000 5 7 6 6 200
laquo 12 laquo 31 Jlt 32 37 44 2667 I 4 4 4 4 4
22 30 34 37 41 864 2 3 3 3 3 500
39 R 42 R 43 R 48 44 128
5 11 13 14 14 1800 II 13 13 17 17 545 8 8 12 15 15 875 2 3 3 3 3 500
17 28 27 30 37 1176
9 11 II 12 13 444 R 1 I 1 1 NA
9 10 5 5 5 -445 2 2 4 6 8 3000
113 103 103 75 76 -328
5 6 3 3 -400 48 66 66 89 91 896 8 10 15 19 21 1625
11 15 15 15 15 364 2 3 3 3 500
--~---~---
30 30 29 36 35 5 5 5 17 6 26 22 21 26 28
194 224 175 238 239 141 136 145 141 201
39 43 40 38 35 12 18 11 12 12 2 10 8 8 7 44 43 44 41 37 8 7 6 5 6
28 53 37 36 34
72 74 76 95 98 23 22 18 19 14 46 50 51 56 66 78 103 93 120 117
120 122 105 146 166 144 130 II 7 134 183
17 20 32 30 28 33 27 30 30 32 91 8_6 121 171 174
119 84 88 11 1 96 27 22 23 25 25
74 8-3 91 117 1 I 6
25 24 24 24 22 32 38 38 33 3 a 43 22 22 23 24 7 25 6 6 15 10 13 20 30 38 50 42 50 38 40
9 24 25 28 33 25 24 24 22 21 22 26 23 24 27 21 23 20 17 15 23 19 25 28 22
23 43 45 45 21 4 13 3 16 14 10 9 11 3 11 2 4 3 13 12 22 27 21 9 12
17 19 17 16 17 5 5 4 4
41 43 21 20 19 17 15 28 39 47 47 40 42 28 25
20 24 11 10 10 2 14 2 17 15 9 10 5 18 18
16 22 21 19 18 7 9 8 8 9
See footnotes at end of table_
22
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
500 4825 3330 1 800 1900
54193 1100
11 1300 11 1 071
603 10119
19176 350
5030 1785 3111
410
1200 785
1240 840 375
4050
35008 2200
400 20
200 100
1375 160 982 95
675
215 760 829 170 782
533 11 200 R 220
120 R 2 424
245 4120
920 700 300
500 5198 3854 1900 1900
62512 1250
R 1319 11 48235
736 11 032
22605 417
5947 1909 3397
462
1518 1120 1521 I 125
489
4700
38942 2630
670 122 240 120
1273 165
1171 130
2207
257 963 846 213
1 038
578 R211 11 230
130 R 2 548
250 4852 1022
680 340
BY COUNTRY~Continued
R 525 11 550 575 5728 6519 7276 4654 5078 5512 2 000 2100 2300 2086 2980 3 050
54266 53307 62090 1355 1340 1370
R 1750 11 1902 1781 R 37375 11 36267 43 000
772 794 800 R 13014 R 13798 15139
24751 27312 29594 440 469 438
6423 7495 8 020 2235 2240 2400 3822 4005 4042
520 575 575
1700 1860 2220 1250 R 1325 1424 1670 2 000 2200 1101 1130 1425
515 520 550
5075 5693 5740
42031 44908 50130 2662 3000 3365
720 775 800 183 190 200 250 270 270 140 160 174
1300 1332 1330 170 180 182
1484 1551 1534 150 180 200
1743 1734 1994
290 310 669 1020 1071 1242 1 ll4 1181 1330
226 240 254 1300 1580 2965
665 730 780 R 216 R 228 247 R 240 R 250 264
145 155 172 R 2475 11 2655 2981
270 300 342 5450 5340 6000
997 1074 1138 716 790 827 370 380 340
150 508 655 278 605
146 245 370
-47 327 496
543 251 594 345 299 402
850 81 4 774 696 467
417
432 53 a
100 a 667
-350 740
-33 188 562
llO5 190
21t 2 634 604 494
2792
463 235 200 4t 7 230
224 456 237 181 133
FAR EAST-Con Mongolia Philippines Thailand Vietnam North Vietnam Republic 01
SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan Ceylon India Nepal Pakistan
NEAR EAST Cyprus Iran Iraq Israel Jordan
Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Yemen
United Arab Republic
AFRICA Algeria Cameroon Central African Rep Chad Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa) DahOmey Ethiopia Gabon Ghana
Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya
Malagasy Republic Malawi Mali Mauritania Morocco
Niger Nigeria Rhodesia Southern Senegal Sierra LQona
23
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE IY-MllITARY EXPENDITURES AND GROSS (Millions of
Military expenditures Military expenditures as percent of GNPI
Percent I1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued
AFRICA-Continued Somali
Tanzania bull Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta
OCEANIA _
R5
375 30
730 640 90
R5
320 33 6
14 9 3 9
951 838 113
H7 8 331 370 356
R 63 R7 74 8 12 13 3 3 3
17 14 14 20 15 16 4 5 5
20 21 20
1185 1260 1054 1065 1155 968
120 105 86
600 -51 1242 3333
1000 1286 667
1222
444 51 3
-45
34 36 23 4
21
33 30 24 8
19
45 28 43 9
16
44 28 46 13 15
47 25 47 14 14
8
9 12 15
15 11 12 11
18 22 16 20
14 16 20 18
13 16 19 15
29 31 20
34 37 22
39 42 22
41 46 19
33 36 18
-Developed country or region (Cou ntry Without asterisk HRevised from previouS report is developing) NA Not applicable
All countries in region are developing Note-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Notes for - None or negligible description and sources of data
24
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
1964
NATIONAL PRODUCT 1964-68-Continued current dollars)
Gross national product
Percent 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY-Continued -------~-------
R 145 150 155 R 160 170 172 10400 10720 11960 13080 14020 348 1285 1387 I 457 1554 1560 21 4
715 750 860 898 943 31 9 140 156 190 205 213 521
853 936 939 R 973 1048 229 R 770 R 854 R 910 It 952 994 291
250 257 H 250 253 257 28 605 846 R 1 014 1177 1325 1190
24800 27900 80600 30800 31500 270 20400 22700 25100 25200 26600 304
4400 5200 5500 5600 4900 11 4
AFRICA-Continued Somli Republic So Africa Rep of Sudan Tanzania Togo
Tunisia Uganda Upper Volta Zambia
OCEANIA Australia New Zealand
25
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68 II n thousandsl
I Percent
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change 1964-68
SUMMARY
WORLD TOTAL 20971 21231 21844 22978 23819 136 Developed __ 10118 10156 10544 10896 10973 85 Developing__ 10853 11075 11300 12082 12846 184
NORTH AMERICA ___ 2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282
EUROPE- bull _ ___ _ 8524 8604 8569 8563 8612 10 Developed_ bullbull 6973 7021 6985 7020 6986 2 Developing_ 1551 1583 1584 1543 1626 48
LATIN AMERICA ____ 1011 1067 1073 1083 1153 134
FAR EAST 6190 6243 6358 6810 7161 157 Developedbullbull 244 246 246 246 250 25 Developing__ 5946 5997 6 Ll2 6564 6911 162
SOUTH ASIA- bull 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351
NEAR EAST 766 834 866 965 993 296
AFRICAbull ____ ~ shy -shy - -~ shy - -~ 302 320 332 381 449 487
Developedbullbull _ 26 27 30 34 38 462
Developing 276 293 302 347 411 489
OCEANIA_ 65 82 82 93 97 492
WORLD TOTALbull __
NORTH AMERICA United Slatesmiddot Canada _~
EUROPE-
France __
Greece bull _ Icelandmiddot __ Italymiddot Luxembourg Netherlands
Norwaymiddot_ Portugal Turkeybull United Kingdom
NATO TotaL _
Seelootnotes at end ollable
BY COUNTRY
20971 21231 23819 136
2810 2780 3201 3503 3602 282 2690 2660 3094 3400 3500 301
120 120 107 103 102 -15_0
8524 8504 8569 8563 8612 10
3063 3052 3OLl 2995 3026 -12 IlO 107 107 102 99 -100
52 51 50 46 46 I -1l5
620 458
557 466
523 470
520 I
490 I 505 486
-185 61
I 162 160 159 158 I 161 -6
480 470 471 455 440 -83
S 6 2 1 I -833
124 135 129 130 129 40
37 32 I 34 35 35 -54
109 148 148 149 183 679
480 480 480 480 514 1
425 440 438 429 427 I
i 5873 583l 6212 6498 i 6628 i 129
~~-=----------------------------__1l1li __lIIIfllIIl_1IIIIIIIiIIIIInIlIIllIIlllUIllIIIIIiUllltUIIlIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIirIIIlliIi ~bullI I IIJtlIiOnlilil~i~tmiddot~_t lj-~
26
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued (I n thousands]
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 change
1964-68
BY COUNTRY--Continued
4783Warsaw Pact-_ 4619 364723 4733 4778 Bulgaria __________ 48165 167 171 173171 Czechoslovakia ______ 265 265 -19270 270 255 Germany East _______ 196 11 4197176 192182 Hungarymiddot ________ -14137139 144 144 137
Poland ___ 315 319 6317 325322 Romania ___________________ 251 223 -209282 258 223 Soviet Union __ 3470 3470 613270 3380 3395
Other European ____ _ ____ 46803842 825 790829 Sl 51 51 51Albania I ___ -- ---- shy 52
AUstria ______________ 4442 42 47 50 191 Finland_ _ 46 4546 46 39 -152 Ireland _ __ 8 9 10 10 2508
Spai n_____________ __________ 305 -9335 330 275291 Sweden____________________ -2580 74 69 72 78 Switzerland______________ 31 31 31 Yugoslavia __ - ~ _ - - _ - -- shy
31 31 259 -40249 247 239~ ~ 283
LATIN AMERICAmiddot ______________ 11117 1067 11531073 1083 134 Argentina ________ 144 144130 108132 133 BOlivia ___________ 592017 15 15 18 Brazill ____ 225191 225 178220 220 Chile ______ -1664 63 6365 66
55 56 56 55 55Colombia shy
Costa Rica ___ Cuba ____ 359290 316 394321321 Dominican Republic __ -5319 19 19 19 18 Ecuador _______ __ 19 17 17 19121 19 EI SalvadoL ____ ___ 66 6 6 6
Guatemala__ 9 1259 9 98 Guyana ______ 11 1 1 1 HaitL __ 55 5 5 5 Honduras____ 6 5 -1675 5 5--- - -- - - ~ - shyJamaica_____ 2 2
66 68 69 70 70 61Mexico_ bull Nicaragua _______ _ 5 6 6 66 200 Panama____________ Paraguay___ -23517 15 13 1317 Peru_________________ 49 50 50 50 2050
Trinidad amp Tobago_______ _ _ 1 I 1 Uruguay
1 I -2781318 17 17 13
Venezuela _____ ______ _____ 5636 38 3838 38
FAR EAST____ ___ _ _____ 15761911 6243 6358 6810 7161 Burma __ ____ 109 110 138 266 Cambodia 1______ ____
110 137 8475 76 12083 83
China Mainland_ _____ 2750 2750 2800 3000 3100 127 China Republic of_ __ 600 -120524 544 547 528
w_w __ 412 450 92Indonesia__ __ ____ 412 3723721 Japan___ 244 246 246 250 25246
362 383 410 133378 383Korea 604600 572 612 620 33Korea Republic of _
Laos_ _________ 55 9560 85 80 583 Malaysia ________ 49 52 53 56 57 163
See footnotes at end oflable
27
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued lin thousandsl
Percent 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 chane
1964- 3
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
FAR EAST-Continued Mongolia bullbull 30 30 32 33 33 10 a Philippines ____ _ _ 58 5453 47 47 -19_0 Thailand ___ __ 85 132 151 151 167 965 Vietnam North _______ 256 256 256 418 447 746 Vietnam Republic of _ __ 500 565 617 645 735 470
SOUTH ASIA ___ 1297 1301 1363 1580 1752 351 Afghanistan ____ 100 90 90 75 70 -300 Ceylon _____ 10 10 10 10 10 India ___ 914 914 920 1 077 1133 240 Nepal ____ 20 20 20 1515 -250
253Pakistan _ 267 403 524323 1071
NEAR EAST_ _________ 766 834 866 965 993 296 1 1 1 11
Iran ______ 208 206 225 225 225 82 Iraq 1 ____ 92 91 91 92 92
65 67 68 71 77 185 Jordan _____ 38 40 40 5550 447
KuwaiL ____ 73 6 600 a Lebanon_ _____ 10 12 12 12 12 200 Saudi Arabia ________ 41 50 5450 56 366 Syrian Arab Republic ____ 58 64 64 68 69 190 yemen _____ ___ 2 2 2 6 8 300 a
United Arab Republic 1____ 250 300 310 380 391 564
AFRICA _ _ ___ ___ 302 320 I 332 I 381 449 487 Algeria _______ 47 48 50 58 58 234 Cameroon 1 _____ 5 6 551 Central African Republic NA1 1 11 Chad ______ bull ______ NA Congo Brazzavill e__
1 1 1 I 10002 2 2
Congo Kinshasa_ 28 30 10731 3130 I Dahomey ____ 100_01 I Imiddot 2 2 Ethiopa _____ 35 43 4535 35 286 Gabon_ 1 1 NA Ghana_
1 15 50010 10 1 I 15
1
Guinea ______ 5 Ivory Coasl ______
5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
Kenya _____ 3 3 3 33 Liberia _____ 3 4 4 4 4 333 Libya ____ 8 8 8 8 8
Malagasy Republic __ 333 Malawi _____ NA Mali __ __
1 4 4 3333
Mauritania____ NAI 11 Morocco ________ 62 21 651 53 53 58
Niger ____ _ _ NA1 1 Nigeria __ __ __ bull Rhodesia Southern_ SenegaL ________ i 4 Sierra Leone 2
See footnotes at end of table
4 2
4 2
20 7750 4 7~ I5 250 2 2 I
28
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE V-ARMED FORCES 1964-68-Continued )1 n thousands)
1964 I 1965 1966 1967
I
I I
1968 I Percent
Change i 1964-68 i
BY COUNTRY~Conlinued
AFRICA-Continued Somali Republic ___ South Africa Republic of __ _ Sudan_ Tanzania Togo __
Tunisia 1_
Uganda _______ Upper Volla ___ Zambia _
OCEANIA___ Australia _ ---1 New Zealand -~~~~~~~~-~~~~~
5 26 18
20 3
65 52 13
6 27 18 2 I
I 21
82 69 13
8 30 18
21 4 1 3
82 69 13
34 18 4 1
23 6 1 3
93 80 13
8 38 24 4 1
23 6 2
97 84 13
600 462 333
1000
150 1000
NA 2000
492 615
Developed country or region (Country without - None or negligible asterisk is developing) NA Not applicable
All counlries in region are developing I Includes paramilitary as well as regular forces
29
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
TABLE VI-MIUTARY AND ECONOMIC RANKING OF COUNTRIES 1968
MILITARY STRENGTH
------------------~--------------~~---------------RANK Military expenditures
(billion dollars)
United States 8060 Soviet Union bullbullbull 5500
3 Mainland China 750 4 France 612 5 United Kingdom 554 6 West Germany 528 7 Italy 224 8 Poland 1 95 9 Canada __ 178
10 Indi __ 160 11 East Germany____ I 45 12 Czechoslovakia 1 36 13 Japan 115 14 Sweden 098 15 AustraIiL 097 16 Spain 091 17 Netherlands 091 18 Romania D70 19 IsraeL __ bull ____ 067 20 United Arab Rep 067 21 BraziL bull bull __ 065 22 North Korea 063 23 Rep of Vietnam 061 24 Belgium 060 25 Turkey 057 26 North Vietnam 055 27 IraL ___ 053
281 Pakistan 052 29 Yugoslavia _ 046 30 RepofChina bullbull _ 042
Armed forces Expenditures per man (thousands) (dollars)
UnitedStates _ 3500 UnitedStates __ bull _ 23027 Soviet Union 3470 Canada ___ bull 17480 Mainland China 3100 Soviet Unionbullbullbull _bull 15850 Indiabullbullbull__ l133 United Kingdom bullbullbullbullbull __ 12986 Rep of Vietnam 735 Sweden__ 12526 Rep of Korea 620 France 12115 Rep of China 528 Switzerland __ 11774 Pakistan 524 Australia ____ __ 11524 Turkeybullbull __ bull 514 West Germany______ 10860 France 505 Rep of South Africa 9368 West Germany 486 Norway 9200 Indonesia 450 KuwaiL 9000 North Vietnam ___ 447 IsraeL 8727 Italybull __ 440 Mauritania __ 8000 United Kingdom 427 Chadbullbullbull _bullbull __ _ 8000 North Koreabullbull 410 i Denmark ____ 7500 Cuba_ __ __ 394 East Germany 7398 United Arab Rep bullbullbull __ 391 Netherlands 7023 Poland 319 Saudi Arabia __ 6839 Spain_ ____ __ 305 Zambia ________ 6667 Czechoslovakia 265 New Zealand 6615 Japan 250 Poland 6113 yugoslavia 239 Belgium 6081 BraziL 225 Cyprus bull _ 6000 Iran_ 225 Czechoslovakia 5132 Romania 223 Venezuela 5105 East Germany 196 Italy 5102 Portugal __ _ 183 Kenya ___ 5000 Bulgaria__ 173 LibYL 4625 Thailand__ 167 Japan__ 4584
ECONOMIC STRENGTH
Gross national product Population GNP per capita (billion dollars) (millions) (doliars)
1 i United States_ 8657
RANK
Mainland China 8060 United States bull 4304 2 Soviet Union 4130 India ___ __ 5271 KuwaiL 4111 3 Japan____ 1419 Sweden~ _ 3322 4 West Germany __ 1327
Soviet Union~~ 2380 United States bull 201 2 Canada_ bullbull 3182
5 France_ 1266 Pakistan__ 1234 Switzerland _ 2798 6 United Kingdom_ 1030 Indonesia 1137 france 2536 7 Mainland China_ 900 Japan_ __ _ 1011 Denmark _ 2504 8 Italy _ 748 Brazil_ bull 802 Iceland 2488 9 Canada 661 West Germany_ 602 Luxembourg 2381
10 India____ 430 Norway_ _ 2357 11 Poland ___ 374
United Kingdom 553 Nigeria_ 535 Australia __ 2211
12 East Germany 308 Wesl Germany __ 2206 13 Czechoslovaka _ 284
Italy_ 528 france 499 Belgium 2152
14 BraziL _ 274 Mexico __ 473 Netherlands 1978 15 Australia_ __ _ 266 Philippines_ _ 359 Czechoslovakia 1972 16 Mexico ___ 263 Thailand_ _ 351 United Kingdom _ 1863 17 Sweden _ 263 East Germany ___ 1801 18 Netherlands 252
Turkey 335 Spain_ 326 New Zealand_ 1781
19 SpaiL 252 Poland _ 323 Soviet Union bullbull _ 1735 20 Belgium _ 207 United Arab Rep _ 317 Finlandbullbull 1706 21 Romania 207 Rep of Korea _ 305 Libya 1644
22 Switzerland 172 Iran __ __ 271 Austria 1551
23 ATllentina 171 Burma_ 264 IsraeL __ 1472 24 Pakistan_ 151 Italy___ bull 1418 25 Rep of South Africa _ 140
Ethiopia_ bull _ 242 Japan 1404
26 Hungary 138 Argentinabullbull _ 236 Canada _ 208 Hungary _ 1340
27 Denmark_ 124 Poland 1158 28 Turkey 116
Yugoslavia_ 202 ColombL_____ 198 Bulgaria 1083
29 Austria _ 11 4 Romaniabull __ 1051 30 IndonesiL_ _ 108
Romania_ __ 197 Iretand _ 1031North Vietnam 193
Nole-See footnotes to Table II and Statistical Noles for description and sources of dala
III i nr1 I III II It
30
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
Chart VIII
TEN MAJOR MILITARY POWERS 1968
Military Expenditures Armed Forces Military Expenditure Per Man
United States U S S R
China France
United Kingdom West Germany
Italy Poland
Canada India
Billion dollars Million men Dollars
31
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
STATISTICAL NOTES
Since a major purpose of this report is to comshypile worldwide and regional totals of mIlitary spending and to provide a basis for comparison with olhcr economic information coverage was made as broad as possible In doing so it was often necessary to include national data representshying approximate estimates It is believed that worldwide and regional totals adequately show orders of magnitude and can be viewed with some confidence For some individual countries ho-shyever particularly those with national statistical systems in early stages of development or those having a policy of limited disclosure of data considerable allowance should be made for imshyprecise statistics
Limitations on the accurlWY of the data origishynate in numerous factors For examplc elements of lla tional production particularly in a developing country may escape measurement in gross national product military programs may draw from scveral parts of national budgets social service expenditures are undertaken by various levels of government and are not always reported consistently conversion of national currencies into dollars is unavoidably somewhat inexact
The comparability of national data is also affected by national differences in economie conshycepts and organization The public versus private sharcs in the support of national programs vary significantly among countries In planned-economy countries the share of public support through national budgets tends to be larger than in market-economy countries In some countries religious or other nongovernmental organizations provide services analogous to those provided by governments in other countries
The data presented here for non-Communist countries have been obtained in large part from statistical materiols prepared by the US Agency for International Development (AID) AID comshypiles population gross national product military expenditures and olher public expcnditurc (latn for most non-Communist countrics These
materials are contained in AIDs economIC data books for various regions and individual countries as well as in other spccial purpose AID publications and compilations The considerable effort made by AID to adjust reported national data in accordance with standard concepts and definitions and in the light of evaluations by US missions abroad makes this body of material particularly useful for present purposes
In addition to A1D data have also been obtained from various international agencies particularly the Orgnnization for Economic Coshyoperation and Development (OECD) the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Ed ncational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) These agencies also seek to provide standard dnta for compnrisons between countries and from yenr to year but because of limitations and ambiguities in national reports they like AID are not always able to achieve full comparability
Data for Communist countries have been obtained from It variety of Vestern sources particularly various compcndia published by the Joint Economic Committee of the US Congress and the annual Alilitary Balance reports of the Institute for Strategic Studies N ationnl statistical publications including the Soviet annual statistishycal handbook have also been used
Further discussion of data concepts sources and methods will be found belo
Country Coverage
This report covers a total of 120 countries Sixteen of the 127 members of the United N ati0118 are not covered for various reasons Data for the Byelorussiall and Ukrainian Soviet Soeilllist Republies are included vitli those of the Soviet Union as 11 yhole The other 14 UN members not covered 11rc small developing Bl1tions almost 1111 of which have gailled indepcndence sillce the initiation of this report and for which data would
32
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
not always be available On the other hand this report eo vcrs nine countries whieh are not U~ members East and West Germany Switzerland Mainland China North Korea and the Republic of Korea North Vietnam and the Republic of Vietnam and Southern Rhodesia
Coulltry groupings and regions follow AID practiee They are essentially geographical It should be noted however that the term North America is lIsed here to include only the United States and Canada that Iexico and all of Central and South America are included in Latin America and that the United Arab Republic is assigned to the Near East with other Asian countries and not to Africa Total NATO consists of North America and European NATO with the latter including Turkey
Developed and Developing Countries
Of the 120 countries covered in the report 93 are classified as developing and 27 as develshyoped (See Definitions of Terms page 7 for the countries falling into each category) In tables II III IV and V developed countries arc designated by the symbol () all others are developing
For the non-Communist countries the assignshyment of COUll tries to one or the other category follows AID practice For both nOll-Communist and Communist the assignment is primarily bllsed on per capita GNP Most of the countries classishyfied as developing have a per capita GNP below $500 and all but Bulgaria Israel Kuwait and Libya have less thlln $1000 Although it also is belOv the alOOO lovel the Ropublic of South Africa is classed Ufl developed In these latter cafles other factors which are taken into account include national literacy and mortality rates leels of industrialization and terms of trade
Gross Natiol101 Product (GNP)
AID is the source of the GKP data used in this report for 93 non-Communist countries In most cnses these data are based on national aecoullts published by the country ill question ~everal developing country estimates (those marked e) are based Oll very limited information and intershycounUy (~omparisons on such a basis should bt avoided
Warsaw Pact GNP estimates are based on data
in compilations of the Joint Eeonomic Committee of the US Congress Stanley H Cohn General Growth Performance of the Soviet Economy ill Economic Performance and the lvlilitary Burden in the Soviet Umon (Joint Committee Print 1970) and Thad P Alton Economic Structure and Growth in EaflLern Europe in Economic Developments -in Countries oj Eastern Europe (Joint Committee Print 1970) GNP estimates for Albllniu Iailliand China Cuba longoliu North Korea and North Vietnam are rough approximations
Military Expenditures
AID compiles figures on military expenditures for most non-Communist countries adjusting national data to a standard definition of military expenditures where possible The standard definishytion calls for current and capital expenditures made to meet the needs of the armed forces This includes all expenditures of national defense agencies except those for dvilian programs Also included are the military components of mixed military-civilian activities such as atomic energy space research and development and significant paramilitary forces where such components can be distinguished
Military assistance to foreign countries retireshyment pensions of career prrsonnel and military stockpiling are included in the standard concept of military expenditures whereas civil defense eiyilian space and industrial stockpiling aI( exclml ed
The estimates of Soviet military spending in US dollars are adapLd from national data and vurious estimates made by Vestern analysts 1any Western obseners believe that the unnoullced Soviet defense budget omits some exshyponditure categories in the stanclard definition such as milittlry research and development outshylays military space and nuclear energy programs and subsidies to defense industries The present estimates uttempt to allow for such omissions It should be noted that the estimates of Somiddotdet military expenditures which represent the estishymated nIne of Soviet military spending in terms of US prices aro Hot directly comparable to thp estimates of Soiet GNP b(cttusc of the usc of dissimilar cOllversioll rates (See Conversion Rates page 35)
Iilitary expenditures for the remainder of the vVarsaw Pact countries ure based Oil tllll1011nCCll
33
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
military budgets with no allowance made for possible omissions in coverage Like the Soviet estimates the other Warsaw Pact defense outlays are converted into dollars at approximate purchasing power parities
For Mainland China very rough estimates are derived from fragmentary information No budgshyetary data have been issued since 1960
Foreign Economic Aid
With the exception of estimates for Varsaw Pact countries and Mainland China the data are based on information made available by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of OECD These data cover aid given by the 16 donor countries which report to the DAC Ausshytralia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark France Vest Germany Italy Japan Nethershylands Norway Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom and the United States Their aid is made up of disbursements of official (ie governmental) net bilateral grants and similar aid gross bilateral lending (gross of repayments of principal and service charges) and net conshytributions to multilateral agencies
Data shown for DAC donor countries include bilateral aid to countries territories and dependshyencies not covered by the present report (In the case of Portugal which is considered developed by OECD and developing in this report the aid shmm in table II is given entirely to Portushyguese overseas territories) Consequently the bilateral aid component of all DAC aid given exceeds by $14 billion the bilateral aid component of aid received by the countries covered in this report
On the other hand the contributions of DAC donors to multilateral agencies were $01 billion less than the aid extended by these agencies in 1968 The net result of these bvo partially offshysetting disparities-the incomplete coverage of recipients in the case of bilateral aid and the excess of aid given over contributions received by multilateral agencies-accounts for the disshycrepancy of $13 billion between total worldwide aid received and given as shown in table II
Economic aid provided by Communist counshytries to nOll-Communist countries is showll by dOllor in the Given column in the Received column hmyever this aid is shown only in the
world total and not by recipient country and region Entries for Communist donors show estimated gross aid delivered to all non-Comshymunist developing countries as a total aid between Communist countries is excluded Estimates of Communist aid delivered on a worldwide basis are derived by ACDA from dollar estimates of aid commitments as published by the CS Deshypartment of State roughly adjusted on the basis of apparent marked differences in the past between aid commitments and actual deliveries by Comshymunist donors
Education
For both education and health national data have been compiled on a worldwide basis for public that is governmental expenditures only Very limited data are available on private spendshying (see footnotes 3 and 4 to table II)
The user should be cautioned that although both UNESCO Ilnd WHO provide respondent countries with standard data definitions the da to reported by these sources may not be fully COIIlshy
parable in terms of coverage and revisions of previOUSly published data often make comparisons over time for individual countries uncertain
Worldwide data for 1968 public education expenditures are not expected to be publicly available from UNESCO until late 1971 Except for the United States Varsaw Pact and some developing countries the expenditures shown in the present report are ACDA estimates based on the latest available dattt (generally 1967) provided to ACDA by UNESCO Projections for 1968 vere made on the assumption of a constant rado to GNP In a number of developing countries where 1968 data were available from AID these data were used in preference to earlier UNESCO data The Soviet estimate is based on budget data reported in the national statistical yearbook These data are converted into dollars at rates adapted from estimates by Abram Bergson and Morris Bornstein (see Conversion Rates page 35) Other Warsaw Pact figures are generally from published budget data converted to dollars using rough purchasing power factor ttpplicable to GNP as a whole
The entry for the United States is from the US Office of Educations Digest oj Educational Statistics 1969 edition
I I III 1 II
34
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
Health
Public health expenditures are drawn from a variety of sources and are not fully comparable from country to country and from year to year Capital as wen as current expenditures by all levels of government are included wherever data permit (In previous ACDA reports capital expenditures had been exclud(ld) The world and regional totals are believed to reflect reasonably accurate orders of magnitude
For 68 countries data in table II were prepared from local currency series published World Health Statistics Report Vol 23 No 11 1970 World Health Organization Gen(lva Data for 1968 W(lr(l not always aVlilable in th(l WHO report and numerous (lstimates for 1968 were project(ld by ACDA from earlier year data on the basis of GNP growth
AID provided data for 21 other countries These data however usually represent central governshyment expenditures and exclude expenditures by other levels of government
Data for three other countries are from official national budget sources
For 26 remaining countries (those marked e in table II) estimates were made on the basis of the average portion of GNP devoted to public health expenditures in other countries in the same region or in contiguous countries with similar economies
As with education the estimate for the USSR is based on budget data as reported in national statistical handbooks and converted to dollars at an estimated purchasing power equivalent rate for health services
The US figure is from UN ational Health Expenditures FY 1929-79 and CY 1929-69 Research and Statisticnl Note 25 December 14 1970 US Social Security Administration Washington
Popvlation
Population estimates for midmiddot 1968 are primarshyily from the United Kations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics August 1970 In selected cases AID modifications made on the basis of evaluations from US missions abroad were used The estimate for Mainland China was supplied by John S Airel based 011 his Estimates and Proiections of the Population oj Mainland China 1263-1986 US
Bureau of the Census International Population Reports Series P-91 No 17 Washington 1968
Armed Forces
The data are intended to cover military pershysonnel actually on duty including paramilitary forces where such forces add substantially to a nations military capabilities Reserves are exshycluded for all countries in the present report
Estimates for the number of men under arms were derived from data in The Statesmans Yearshybook MacMillan London (1963 ]966 1967 and 1968 editions) the Injormation Please Almanac and Yearbook Simon and Schuster New York (1965 1966 and 1967 editions) and The Institute for Strategic Studies The Military Balance London (1964 through 1970 editions)
Conversion Rates
For most countries official exchange rates were used to convert from national currencies to US dollars Alternative rates vere used for the Warsaw Pact and most other Communist nations including the Soviet Union and for several countries in Latin America and the Far East where official rates appear to yield unrealistic dollar equivalents have not been established or nre not in use
For the Warsaw Pact countries rough purshychasing power parities were used in place of official rates For the Soviet Union different conversion factors were used for GNP military expenditures public health and education These were adapted and updated primarily from dollarruble parities for the year 1955 estimated by Abram Bergson (The Comparative National Income oj the USSR and the USA Conference on Research and Vealth Toronto May 1970 forthcoming) and by 1orris Bornstein (A Comparison of Soviet and United States N atioual Product in the Joint Economic Committee compendium Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Part II 1959)
It should be noted that the conversion rates for Soviet GNP are constructed on a different basis from those for military expenditures public education and public health As a result the GNP estimate is not directly compamble to the public expenditures shown for the Soviet Union Acshycording to the source (see GNP page 33 above)
35
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
GNP was converted at a parity reflecting an average of US and Soviet product compositions this is believed to provide the best single measure of the size of Soviet GNP relative to the Lnited States in dollars The conversion rates for military education l1ud health expenditures on the other hand arc based on the Soviet composition of spending 011 personnel and other outlay If Soviet GNP were converted to dollars on a comparable basis (that is with price ratios weighted by the Soviet composition of goods and serviceraquo it is estimated that GNP would be some 30~40 higher than that shown in the table (See also table II footnote 9)
For other Warsaw Pact countries conversion rates were derived from dollar estimates of GNP as provided by the source in constant dollars and converted to current dollars by use of the US GNP deflator and national currency estimates of GNP The latter were based on official data on net material product and ratios of the latter to GNP as estimated by Alton and associates for earlier years (For sources see Thad P Alton op cit under GNP)
The implicit rates derived in this manner from dollar and national currency estimates of GNP were used for public education and public health These rates were further modified when applied to military expenditures by eliminating turnover taxes from GNP to approximate a factor cost valuation
The conversion factors used for Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Indonesia Peru and Uruguay are average annual free market rates cited in World Ourrency Charts American Intershynational Investment Corporation San Francisco June 1970
It is recognized that the official exchange rates used for most countries are not an ideal means for converting national currencies into a common denominator Official rates even if they originally reflected relative foreign trade prices accurately do not reflect relative internal prices once fixed they are too often inflexible with respect to price changes over time and occasional devalun tions produce such large changes that trends are distorted
Ideally to compare and sum up the GNP and military and other public expenditures of various countries outlays in the respective cllrrencies should be converted to n eommon eurrellCY by
use of purchasing power pantIes which would reflect the internal purchasing powers of the curshyrencies for all goods and services making np GNP Furthermore these parities should differ for each component sector of GNP since the approshypriate parity depends 011 the particular mix of goods and services involved
However purchasing power pnrities of this type are difficult to estimate and nro availnble only for a relatively few countries (In addition to the estishymates for the Soviet Union cited above the wellshyknown calculations for the United States and major European countries and Japan by 1Iiltoll Gilbert Irving Kravis and associates for the OECD are virtually the only ones available and they are now relttively old)
An attempt was made in previous ACDA reshyports in this series (for 1965 and 1966-67) to estimate such parities for n broad number of countries and to use these pnrities to convert national aggregates into dollars (A description of these estimates is nvailable on request) For many countries however a sufficiently relinble basis for estimnting purchasing power pnrities does not yet appenr to be available and the prepamtioll of world ostimntes on this basis has been discontinued for the time being It is hoped that improvement in methods of conversion cnn be made in future reports
Prices
Militnry spending and GNP from 1964 through 1970 in eonstant 1968 prices as shown ill table I ami charted ill the text wcre approximated through the use of US GNP deflators for the Cnited States nnd Communist couutries and average adjustment factors for the tlevelope(l nIHl less-developcd groups of non-Communist counshytries The avemge adjustment fltctOrs for these latter two groups of countries yere derived by ACDA from GKP growth rntes estimated by AID for these group 011 a worldwide bnsis using constant 1968 prices and exchange mtes (as reshyported in AID Gross National Product Growth Rates and Trend Data by Region and Oountry RC- W-138 April 30 1970) These growth mtns togethrr with growth rntes derived from data at ellrren t prices and exchange rntes as set forth in table IV and estimnted for recent years yield factors for converting current dollars into constant
36
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37
dollars which adjust for both price and exchange rate cbanges
For the Communist countries whose estimates in current dollars are intended to reflect current purchasing power equivalence the implicit price deflators applicable to US GNP (Economic Report oj the President Washington February 1970 and a preliminary Department of Commerce estimate for 1970) were used to convert to 1968 dollars
For all groups the same deflator was used for GNP and military expenditures It should be noted that the difference between the current dollar and constant dollar series in table I
does not fully reflect price changes since the current dollar series incorporates some changes in conversion rates which partially offset price changes The changes in rates result from changes in official exchange parities and from the usc of purchasing power parities for Communist and several high-inflation developing countries which take account of relative price movements
Estimates in constant prices ill table I are in terms of 1968 dollars to facilitate comparison with the individual country data ill table II It is roughly estimated that the world data in table I would be about 12 percent higher ill 1970 dollars than in 1968 dollars
U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1971 0 418middot790
37