5G for Industrial applications

Riku Jäntti Department of Communications and Networking

Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering

Industrial applications

Task Application examples Communication requirements

Metering Electric power, gas, and water metering; Environmental sensing

Massive number of devices with small data bursts, high coverage, nomadic/fixed

Monitoring, tracking Condition monitoring, fleet management, logistics

Mobile sensors, possibly large amount of data per sensor

Telecontrol Waterworks, electric grid, large process plants

Small number of devices, reliable communications

Wireless automation Industrial automation, process control

High reliability, low / ultra low latency

Safety critical control Industrial automation, telecontrol of vehicles

Ultra High reliability, ultra low latency

Condition monitoring requirements

• Large machines such as cranes – Measurement interval 10 – 30 ms – Large number of measurement points: 500 – 1000 – Periodic and event based – Typically delay tolerant, but in case of faults alarming needs to be transmitted

fast

Wireless automation requirements IEC 62657-1

• Process automation – Time constants 100 ms – minutes – Data rate 100 kbit/s (few bytes per packet) – Periodic & event based data

• Factory automation 1 s – 1min cycles – I/O interval few ms (few bytes per packet) – Low jitter (few microseconds timing accuracy) – High device density ~0,022 devices /m2

– Periodic & event based data

Wireless in Industry today

• Most of wireless systems operate on crowded ISM bands – Co-existence problems, requires frequency planning – Reliability: Difficult to guarantee QoS due to interference – Latency is too high for factory automation – Short range – Multiple incompatible standards such as WirelessHART, ISA SP100,

WIA-PA and proprietary solutions WISA,… – Difficult to share among multiple organizations

• Services are sold instead of machinery

• Cellular solutions today – Telecontrol and monitoring – Global SIM expensive – Managing SIM cards expensive – Latency and reliability not sufficient for wireless automation

Industrial applications

ISA SP100 process classification

• Currently no single radio system can handle all classes

Mission-critical MTC

Data

Massive number of sensors

5G

Industrial applications

5G

• Machine type communication (MTC)

LTE-M New 5G air interface

Low power Low latency

5G capabilities

2 ms Popovski, P., "Ultra-reliable communication in 5G wireless systems," in 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity (5GU), 2014 1st International Conference on , vol., no., pp.146-151, 26-28 Nov. 2014

Huawei, 5G: A Technology Vision

5G for industrial applications

ISA SP100 process classification

• Currently no single radio system can handle all classes

Mission-critical MTC

Data

Massive MTC

5G for industrial applications

• Existing ISM band sensor systems can serve as capillary networks for the Industrial Mobile System

• LTE-M for massive MTC • 5G for ultra-reliable ultra-low-latency • Dedicated virtual core networks for low latency or gloabl services

5G

Shariatmadari, H.; Ratasuk, R.; Iraji, S.; Laya, A.; Taleb, T.; Jantti, R.; Ghosh, A., "Machine-type communications: current status and future perspectives toward 5G systems," in Communications Magazine, IEEE , vol.53, no.9, pp.10-17, September 2015

5G benefits

• LTE and 5G based solutions offer – low power consumption

• LTE-M

– economy of scale • Massive MTC • Cheap infrastructure (LTE core and eNodeB can run in a PC)

– reliability and low latency • Ultra reliable communications / Mission critical MTC • Reliable device-to-device communications • Edge cloud / fog computing

– Range & mobility • From femto to macrocells • From sensor networks to cross plant networks and PMRS • Seamless mobility (e.g. nomadic production cells)

– infrastructure sharing • Authentication • Accounting and billing information • QoS classes • Network virtualization (slicing)

5G benefits

• Deployment flexibility • Network Function Virtualization

/ Software defined networking

• C-RAN / Software defined radio

– Anything as a service

– Resource scaling

– Service specific network configurations

Cellular system can be run on a regular PC

AALTO C-RAN TD-LTE system architecture

Aalto eMME architecture

5G challenges

• Physical SIM cards do not scale for massive MTC – SoftSIM

• Cost per bit in global roaming – Condition monitoring requires large volumes of data

to be transmitted from anywhere in the globe

• Where to get spectrum? – Affordable ”Professional Mobile Radio” type 5G for

industrial use

– Local licensed access to spectrum with globally harmonized simple licensing process

Co-primary spectrum sharing could be an alternative for operator controlled

mobile systems

LSA Repository

Teleoperator traffic hotspot

Harbor operator traffic hotspot

Industry park operator traffic hotspot

Conclusions

• 5G will enable new industrial applications – Massive-MTC (LTE-M Rel. 12 and its evolution)

• Low duty cycle battery operated sensors • Long range

– Mission critical MTC • New 5G air interface

– Ultra-low latency, ultra-reliability – Device-to-device communications

– Industrial applications • Operator services

– Competition, trust

• Plant wide local 5G networks (PMR type) – Spectrum, competence (5G as a service)