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„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà “ ߪ√–‡∑» °“√ — ß ‡§√“–Àå ß “π«‘ ® — ¬ ‡°’ Ë ¬ «°— ∫ √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¥ÿ ® ‡¥◊ Õ π æ— π ∏ÿ ¡ π“«‘ π »Ÿ π ¬å à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ·≈–æ— ≤ π“æ≈— ß ·ºà 𠥑 𠇙‘ ß §ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡ ”π— ° ß“π∫√‘ À “√·≈–æ— ≤ π“Õß§å § «“¡√Ÿ â (Õß§å ° “√¡À“™π) °“√ — ß ‡§√“–Àå ß “π«‘ ® — ¬ ‡°’ Ë ¬ «°— ∫ §ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡ ®√‘ ¬ ∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà “ ߪ√–‡∑» (1) §”π” (π“ß “«π√“∑‘ æ ¬å æÿ à ¡ ∑√— æ ¬å ) ºŸ â Õ ”𫬰“√»Ÿ π ¬å à ß ‡ √‘ ¡ ·≈–æ— ≤ π“æ≈— ß ·ºà 𠥑 𠇙‘ ß §ÿ ≥ ∏√√¡ ”π— ° ß“π∫√‘ À “√·≈–æ— ≤ π“Õß§å § «“¡√Ÿ â (Õß§å ° “√
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°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¥ÿ®‡¥◊Õπ æ—π∏ÿ¡π“«‘π
»Ÿπ¬å à߇ √‘¡·≈–æ—≤π“æ≈—ß·ºàπ¥‘π‡™‘ß§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ”π—°ß“π∫√‘À“√·≈–æ—≤π“Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ (Õߧ尓√¡À“™π)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
‘Ëßæ‘¡æåÕ—π¥—∫∑’Ë 26/2551
æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 1 ‡¡…“¬π 2551
®”π«π 2,000 ‡≈à¡
ºŸâ®—¥æ‘¡æ出¬·æ√à »Ÿπ¬å à߇ √‘¡·≈–æ—≤π“æ≈—ß·ºàπ¥‘π‡™‘ß§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ”π—°ß“π∫√‘À“√·≈–æ—≤π“Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ (Õߧ尓√¡À“™π)69/16-17 Õ“§“√«‘∑¬“≈—¬°“√®—¥°“√¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ (CMMU)∂ππ«‘¿“«¥’√—ß ‘µ ·¢«ß “¡‡ π„π‡¢µæ≠“‰∑ °√ÿ߇∑æœ 10400‚∑√. 0 2644 9900‚∑√ “√ 0 2644 4901Web site: http:// moralcenter.or.th, dl.moralcenter.or.th
ºŸâæ‘¡æå ∫√‘…—∑ æ√‘°À«“π°√“øøî§ ®”°—¥90/6 ´.®√—≠ π‘∑«ß»å 34/1 ∂ππ®√—≠ π‘∑«ß»å·¢«ßÕ√ÿ≥Õ¡√‘π∑√å ‡¢µ∫“ß°Õ°πâÕ¬°√ÿ߇∑æœ 10700‚∑√. 0 2424 3249, 0 2424 3252‚∑√ “√ 0 2424 3249, 0 2424 3252
»Ÿπ¬å à߇ √‘¡·≈–æ—≤π“æ≈—ß·ºàπ¥‘π‡™‘ß§ÿ≥∏√√¡ (»Ÿπ¬å§ÿ≥∏√√¡)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑» /
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : »Ÿπ¬å§ÿ≥∏√√¡., 2551.
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”π—°ß“π∫√‘À“√·≈–æ—≤π“Õߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ (Õߧ尓√¡À“™π)
230
ß“π«‘®—¬µà“ߪ√–‡∑» 120 ‡√◊ËÕß ‚¥¬ √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¥ÿ®‡¥◊Õπ æ—π∏ÿ¡π“«‘π
„Àâ¡’§ÿ≥∏√√¡ °“√∫ࡇ擖§«“¡√—°™“µ‘ »Ÿπ¬å§ÿ≥∏√√¡®÷ߢբÕ∫§ÿ≥ »“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¥«ß‡¥◊Õπ
æ—π∏ÿ¡π“«‘π ∑’˪√÷°…“‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬π’È ·≈– √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¥ÿ®‡¥◊Õπ æ—π∏ÿ¡π“«‘π π—°«‘®—¬ ∑’ˉ¥â
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√Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¥√.¥ÿ®‡¥◊Õπ æ—π∏ÿ¡π“«‘π
∂“∫—π∫—≥±‘µæ—≤π∫√‘À“√»“ µ√å
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7
Longitudinal Study
∫∑ √ÿª ”À√—∫ºŸâ∫√‘À“√
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(Research proposal)
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(process)
(product)
5
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(7)
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700 600
350 230
120
300
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model)
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( , 2536; 2544)
(Kohlberg, 1976)
(Piaget, 1932)
3 (1)
(2) (3)
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(8)
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3 (1) (2) (3)
3 (1)
(2) (3)
(9)
6 (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(Contemplative education)
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5 4 (1)
2 (2)
(3)
(10)
(4)
(Meta-Analysis)
(11)
“√∫—≠
Àπâ“
§”π” (1)
∫∑ √ÿª ”À√—∫ºŸâ∫√‘À“√ (3)
∫∑¬àÕ (7)
“√∫—≠ (11)
“√∫—≠µ“√“ß (17)
“√∫—≠¿“æ (19)
∫∑∑’Ë
1 ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ 1
—߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬
∑’Ë¡“·≈–§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 1
®ÿ¥¡ÿàßÀ¡“¬¢Õß°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 2
ª√–‚¬™πå∑’˧“¥«à“®–‰¥â√—∫ 3
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õߧà“π‘¬¡ §ÿ≥∏√√¡ ·≈–®√‘¬∏√√¡ 4
≈—°…≥–¢Õß惵‘°√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ 6
∑ƒ…Æ’∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–惵‘°√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ 7
∑ƒ…Æ’æ—≤π“°“√¢Õ߇Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ 7
∑ƒ…Æ’æ—≤π“°“√∑“ß°“√√Ÿâ°“√§‘¥ 15
∑ƒ…Æ’µâπ‰¡â®√‘¬∏√√¡ 19
∑ƒ…Æ’·≈–À≈—°°“√æ—≤π“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫§à“π‘¬¡ 27
∑ƒ…Æ’¢—Èπ¢Õߧ«“¡µâÕß°“√ 28
∑ƒ…Æ’‚§√ß √â“ߧà“π‘¬¡ 29
¢Õ∫‡¢µ ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥ß“π„π‚§√ß°“√ 31
«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 31
«‘∏’°“√· «ßÀ“ß“π«‘®—¬ 32
«‘∏’°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°ß“π«‘®—¬ 33
«‘∏’°“√ √ÿª·≈–µ’§«“¡º≈ß“π«‘®—¬ 34
«‘∏’°“√‡ πÕ·π–·≈–°“√„™âÕߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ 35
°“√°”Àπ¥‡π◊ÈÕÀ“„π∫∑µàÕÊ ‰ª 36
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 37
(12)
“√∫—≠ (µàÕ)
Àπâ“
∫∑∑’Ë
2 ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 43
¢Õ∫‡¢µ¢Õß°“√»÷°…“惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡¢Õ߇¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 44
«‘∏’°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡Õ° “√·≈–°“√𔇠πÕº≈°“√ª√–¡«≈ß“π«‘®—¬ 44
º≈°“√«‘®—¬ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°°àÕπ«—¬‡√’¬π 45
·≈–π—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡»÷°…“
惵‘°√√¡«‘𗬄πµπ‡Õß 47
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß惵‘°√√¡«‘𗬄πµπ‡Õß 47
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡«‘𗬄πµπ‡Õß 47
°“√æ—≤π“惵‘°√√¡«‘𗬄πµπ‡Õß ·≈–º≈°“√«‘®—¬ 51
º≈°“√«‘®—¬ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„ππ—°‡√’¬π 59
√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
惵‘°√√¡Õπÿ√—°…å·≈–ª√–À¬—¥ 57
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß惵‘°√√¡Õπÿ√—°…å·≈–ª√–À¬—¥ 57
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡Õπÿ√—°…å·≈–ª√–À¬—¥ 58
‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“惵‘°√√¡Õπÿ√—°…å·≈–ª√–À¬—¥ 64
惵‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘π—¬ 65
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘π—¬ 66
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘π—¬ 66
°“√æ—≤π“惵‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘π—¬ 72
惵‘°√√¡°â“«√â“« 74
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°â“«√â“« 74
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°â“«√â“« 75
°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥§«“¡°â“«√â“« 82
惵‘°√√¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ 84
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß惵‘°√√¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ 84
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ 88
°“√æ—≤𓧫“¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ 89
惵‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ 91
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ 91
(13)
“√∫—≠ (µàÕ)
Àπâ“
∫∑∑’Ë
º≈°“√«‘®—¬ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„ππ‘ ‘µπ—°»÷°…“ 93
惵‘°√√¡‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√ 98
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß惵‘°√√¡‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√ 98
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√ 98
°“√æ—≤π“惵‘°√√¡‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√ 102
惵‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ 103
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ 104
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 109
3 ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 129
惵‘°√√¡°“√∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡ 130
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡ 130
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡ 131
惵‘°√√¡°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®√‘¬∏√√¡ 136
惵‘°√√¡°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®√‘¬∏√√¡®“°∫‘¥“¡“√¥“‰ª Ÿà∫ÿµ√ 137
惵‘°√√¡°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®√‘¬∏√√¡®“°§√Ÿ‰ª Ÿàπ—°‡√’¬π 141
惵‘°√√¡°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®√‘¬∏√√¡®“°À—«ÀπⓉª Ÿà≈Ÿ°πâÕß 144
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 146
4 °“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“: “‡Àµÿ ·≈–º≈ 151
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß»“ π“ 152
°“√°”À𥧫“¡À¡“¬¢Õß≈—°…≥–∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ 154
§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ 154
°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑“ß»“ π“ 155
«‘∂’™’«‘µ·∫∫æÿ∑∏ 156
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߧ«“¡‡™◊ËÕ°—∫°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑“ß»“ π“¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈ 156
“‡Àµÿ∑“ß®‘µ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡∑“ß»“ π“¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈ 158
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß≈—°…≥–∑“ß»“ π“°—∫‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ 160
“‡Àµÿ¥â“π ∫â“π «—¥ ‚√߇√’¬π ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“„π§π‰∑¬ 161
º≈°“√«‘®—¬∑’Ëæ∫°≈ÿࡪ√–‡¿∑∑’ˇ ’ˬß∑“ß°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ ·≈–ªí®®—¬ª°ªÑÕß 162
(14)
“√∫—≠ (µàÕ)
Àπâ“
∫∑∑’Ë
º≈°“√«‘®—¬°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫®‘µ≈—°…≥–¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ 167º≈°“√«‘®—¬°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫惵‘°√√¡¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ 171°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“°—∫º≈µàÕ®‘µ·≈–惵‘°√√¡¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ 171
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 183
5 ®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 193µÕπ 1 ‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ : “‡Àµÿ º≈ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 195
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õ߇Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ (Moral reasoning ability) 195«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õß°“√«—¥‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ 196∫ÿ§§≈®‘µ 3 √–¥—∫ µ“¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“ 196°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫·∫∫«—¥‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡™π‘¥µà“ßÊ 199°“√«—¥®‘µ≈—°…≥–Õ◊Ëπ‚¥¬¡’æ◊Èπ∞“π®“°∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß Kohlberg 200º≈°“√«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫æ—≤π“°“√¢Õߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√„™â 201‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡µ“¡Õ“¬ÿ¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈
“‡Àµÿ∑“ß®‘µ¢Õßæ—≤π“°“√¢Õߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√„™â‡Àµÿº≈ 208‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß®‘µ≈—°…≥–æ◊Èπ∞“π°—∫æ—≤π“°“√¢Õß 209‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡∫ÿ§§≈∫â“π «—¥ ‚√߇√’¬π ‡æ◊ËÕπ ◊ËÕ ·≈– —ߧ¡ „π∞“π–ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ 212¢Õߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√„™â‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡¢Õ߇¬“«™π°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡æ‘‡»…°—∫º≈µàÕ§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√„™â‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß 218®√‘¬∏√√¡¢Õ߇¬“«™π‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ °—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ 226
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 232
µÕπ 2 æ—≤π“°“√·≈– “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬ 243§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬ 243æ—≤π“°“√¢Õß°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬ 243ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬ 245‚§√ß°“√‡ √‘¡ √â“ß°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬ 249
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 251
(15)
“√∫—≠ (µàÕ)
Àπâ“
∫∑∑’Ë
µÕπ 3 ≈—°…≥–™“µ‘π‘¬¡ : °“√«‘®—¬·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 253
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß™“µ‘π‘¬¡ 253
æ—≤π“°“√¢Õß≈—°…≥–™“µ‘π‘¬¡ 254
ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß≈—°…≥–™“µ‘π‘¬¡ 256
º≈°“√«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫º≈¢Õß≈—°…≥–™“µ‘π‘¬¡„π‡™‘ß®‘µ·≈– 258
惵‘°√√¡°“√∑”ß“π
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß≈—°…≥–™“µ‘π‘¬¡°—∫®‘µ≈—°…≥–∑’Ë ”§—≠ 259
°“√æ—≤π“≈—°…≥–™“µ‘π‘¬¡·°àæ≈‡¡◊Õß 261
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 262
µÕπ 4 惵‘°√√¡µ“¡À≈—°ª√—™≠“‡»√…∞°‘®æՇ撬ß: “‡Àµÿ·≈–º≈ 264
§«“¡æÕ‡æ’¬ß : Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ ·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬ 264
“‡Àµÿ¢Õߧ«“¡æÕ‡æ’¬ß : º≈°“√«‘®—¬„π·π«®‘µæƒµ‘°√√¡»“ µ√å 265
“‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√ª√—∫µ—«‰¥â ·≈–°“√‡°‘¥§«“¡ ¡¥ÿ≈ 267
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 270
µÕπ 5 ®‘µ ”π÷° : §«“¡À¡“¬ ·≈–°“√«‘®—¬ 274
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 277
µÕπ 6 ®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ : °“√«—¥ °“√«‘®—¬ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 279
°“√ à߇ √‘¡∫ÿ§§≈„Àâ¡’°“√æ—≤π“¥â“𮑵«‘≠≠“≥ 280
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 283
6 °“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 285
µÕπ 1 √ÿª√«¡º≈°“√«‘®—¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪„™âª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√ 286
«‘®—¬·≈–°“√æ—≤π“
°“√ √ÿªº≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡µ“¡™à«ßÕ“¬ÿ¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈ 286
°“√ √ÿªº≈°“√«‘®—¬µ“¡ª√–‡¿∑¢Õß惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ 290
(16)
“√∫—≠ (µàÕ)
Àπâ“
µÕπ 2 π‚¬∫“¬°“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“®√‘¬∏√√¡ °—∫°“√ 295
π—∫ πÿπ°“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
π‚¬∫“¬°“√æ—≤π“§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ ªï 2535 296
π‚¬∫“¬°“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫惵‘°√√¡‰∑¬ „π 3 √–¬– 300
°“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“ ∑’˵Õ∫ πÕßµàÕπ‚¬∫“¬°“√«‘®—¬ ·≈– 304
æ—≤π“√–∫∫惵‘°√√¡‰∑¬
º≈º≈‘µ∑“ß°“√«‘®—¬∑’Ë ”§—≠µàÕ°“√æ—≤π“ 311
¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–°“√°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬°“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“®√‘¬∏√√¡ 314
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π·≈–Õ𓧵
µÕπ 3 °“√‡ πÕ·π–°“√«‘®—¬∑’˧«√∑”µàÕ‰ª 316
°“√«‘®—¬∑’˧«√∑” ‡æ◊ËÕµÕ∫ πÕßπ‚¬∫“¬°“√æ—≤π“∫ÿ§§≈‡æ◊ËÕ 316
æ—≤π“ª√–‡∑»
°“√«‘®—¬∑’˧«√∑” ‡æ◊ËÕ∫Ÿ√≥“°“√®ÿ¥‡¥àπ¢Õß —ߧ¡·≈– 317
«—≤π∏√√¡‰∑¬ „Àâ𔉪 Ÿà°“√æ—≤π“®√‘¬∏√√¡
°“√«‘®—¬„πÀ—«¢âÕÀ√◊Õª√–‡¥Á𠔧—≠∑’ˬ—ß¡’°“√«‘®—¬°—ππâÕ¬ 318
µÕπ 4 ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–°“√æ—≤π“®√‘¬∏√√¡ ‚¥¬°“√ 326
‡ √‘¡ √â“ß·≈–ªÑÕß°—π
≈—°…≥–ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡·°à°“√™’Èπ”°“√æ—≤π“®√‘¬∏√√¡ 327
≈—°…≥–‚§√ß°“√æ—≤𓇬“«™π·≈–ª√–™“™π∑’˪√– ∫ 331
§«“¡ ”‡√Á®
Àπ—ß ◊Õ∑“ß«‘™“°“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“§π„À⥒ ‡°àß·≈–¡’ ÿ¢ 334
¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–°“√®—¥°“√æ—≤π“ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ 339
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ 348
“√∫—≠µ“√“ß
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Àπâ“
1.1 æ—≤π“°“√∑“ß®√‘¬∏√√¡µ“¡∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß Kohlberg 9
1.2 À≈—°„π°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡·≈–„Àâ√“ß«—≈‡æ◊ËÕæ—≤π“‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π¢—Èπµà“ßÊ 14
1.3 —¥ à«π°“√æ—≤π“®‘µ·≈–惵‘°√√¡µ“¡·π«∑ƒ…Æ’µâπ‰¡â®√‘¬∏√√¡ 22
2.1 º≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡«‘𗬄πµπ‡Õß ¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 49
2.2 √ÿªº≈°“√«‘®—¬°÷Ëß∑¥≈Õß·≈–°“√«‘®—¬‡™‘ß∑¥≈ÕߢÕß æƒµ‘°√√¡«‘𗬄π 52
µπ‡Õß ·≈–惵‘°√√¡§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡Õ◊ËπÊ ¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫
ª√–∂¡»÷°…“
2.3 º≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡Õπÿ√—°…å·≈–ª√–À¬—¥„ππ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ 63
2.4 º≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘𗬄ππ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫ 67
¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.5 √ÿªº≈°“√«‘®—¬°÷Ëß∑¥≈Õß·≈–°“√«‘®—¬‡™‘ß∑¥≈ÕߢÕß æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘ 73
µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘π—¬ ¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.6 º≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡°â“«√â“«„ππ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ 77
2.7 √ÿªº≈°“√«‘®—¬°÷Ëß∑¥≈Õß·≈–°“√«‘®—¬‡™‘ß∑¥≈ÕߢÕß惵‘°√√¡°â“«√â“« 83
¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.8 º≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫„ππ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ 85
2.9 √ÿªº≈°“√«‘®—¬°÷Ëß∑¥≈Õß·≈–°“√«‘®—¬‡™‘ß∑¥≈ÕߢÕß æƒµ‘°√√¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ 90
¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.10 º≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’„ππ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ 94
2.11 º≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√„ππ‘ ‘µπ—°»÷°…“ 99
2.12 º≈°“√«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’„ππ‘ ‘µπ—°»÷°…“ 105
3.1 º≈°“√«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡°“√∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ß¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 132
4.1 º≈°“√«‘®—¬ “‡Àµÿ¥â“π ∂“π°“√≥å¢Õß°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ 163
(æ.». 2533-2549)
4.2 ∫ÿ§§≈ª√–‡¿∑∑’ˇ ’ˬߵ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ °—∫ªí®®—¬ª°ªÑÕß ‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡®‘µ·≈– 165
惵‘°√√¡∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“
4.3 º≈°“√«‘®—¬°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“°—∫®‘µ≈—°…≥–¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ 168
4.4 º≈°“√«‘®—¬°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫惵‘°√√¡∑’Ëπà“ª√“√∂π“¢Õß 172
§π‰∑¬
4.5 º≈°“√«‘®—¬°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡∑“ß»“ π“·≈–∑“ß«‘™“°“√∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫®‘µ·≈– 175
惵‘°√√¡∑’Ëπà“ª√“√∂π“¢Õߧπ‰∑¬
(17)
“√∫—≠µ“√“ß (µàÕ)
µ“√“ß∑’Ë Àπâ“
5.1 æ‘ —¬¢ÕßÕ“¬ÿ·≈–®”π«πªï°“√»÷°…“¢ÕߺŸâµÕ∫∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π¢—Èπµà“ß Ê µ“¡ 207
∑ƒ…Æ’¢Õß Kohlberg ∑’Ëæ∫„π°“√«‘®—¬¢Õß Dawson (2002)
5.2 §à“ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï À —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“߇Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ °—∫®‘µ≈—°…≥–∑’Ë 213
”§—≠¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈
5.3 §à“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“߇Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ °—∫ ∂“π°“√≥å∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß 215
∫ÿ§§≈
5.4 §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß ‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ °—∫ 惵‘°√√¡∑’Ëπà“ª√“√∂π“ „π 229
ß“π«‘®—¬‰∑¬ æ.». 2536 ∂÷ß ªí®®ÿ∫—π
5.5 º≈°“√«‘®—¬∑’Ë»÷°…“ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬ 247
5.6 §à“ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï À —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß≈—°…≥–™“µ‘π‘¬¡°—∫®‘µ≈—°…≥–∑’Ë ”§—≠ 260
¢Õߢâ“√“™°“√
6.1 π‚¬∫“¬æ—≤π“§ÿ≥∏√√¡-®√‘¬∏√√¡ ‡¥Á°Õ“¬ÿ 0 -12 ªï 297
6.2 √“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬√–∫∫惵‘°√√¡‰∑¬„π√–¬–·√° ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫ 309
惵‘°√√¡ 7 ¥â“π (2537 ∂÷ß ªí®®ÿ∫—π)
6.3 √“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬√–∫∫惵‘°√√¡‰∑¬„π√–¬–∑’Ë Õß 310
(2542 ∂÷ß ªí®®ÿ∫—π)
6.4 √“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬µ“¡π‚¬∫“¬√–∫∫惵‘°√√¡‰∑¬„π√–¬–∑’Ë “¡ 310
(2547 ∂÷ß ªí®®ÿ∫—π)
6.5 µ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫«—¥æƒµ‘°√√¡∑“ß®√‘¬∏√√¡∑’ˇªìπº≈º≈‘µ®“°°“√«‘®—¬‰∑¬ 312
„π™à«ß æ.». 2540 ∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π
6.6 µ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫«—¥®‘µ≈—°…≥–∑’ˇªìπº≈º≈‘µ®“°°“√«‘®—¬‰∑¬„π™à«ß 313
æ.». 2540 ∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π
6.7 µ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫«—¥ ∂“π°“√≥å∑’ˇªìπº≈º≈‘µ®“°°“√«‘®—¬‰∑¬„π™à«ß 314
æ.». 2540 ∂÷ßªí®®ÿ∫—π
6.8 Àπ—ß ◊Õ ”§—≠‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√æ—≤π“∫ÿ§§≈„À⇪ìπ§π¥’ ∑’ˇ°àß·≈–¡’ ÿ¢ 335
®“°∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–º≈°“√«‘®—¬„πª√–‡∑» ·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»
6.9 ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–ªí®®—¬ª°ªÑÕß∑’˧«√®—¥°“√æ—≤π“„Àⷰຟâ∑’Ë√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫‡¬“«™π 342
·≈–≈Ÿ°πâÕß
6.10 ß“π«‘®—¬ª√–‡¡‘πº≈‚§√ß°“√æ—≤π“ ∑’Ë»÷°…“ “‡Àµÿ ¡∑∫∑’˧«√æ—≤π“√à«¡ 345
‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈¥’µàÕ®‘µ·≈–惵‘°√√¡‡ªÑ“À¡“¬‰¥â¡“°¢÷Èπ
(18)
“√∫—≠¿“æ
¿“æ∑’Ë Àπâ“
1.1 ¿“æ°“√ √ÿª√«¡§«“¡§‘¥„π¢—Èπ√–∫∫ 18
1.2 ∑ƒ…Æ’µâπ‰¡â®√‘¬∏√√¡√–∫ÿ®‘µ≈—°…≥– 8 ª√–°“√ ∑’ˇªì𠓇Àµÿ¢Õß 20
惵‘°√√¡¢Õߧπ‰∑¬
1.3 µ—«∑”π“¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡ ’ˬߵàÕ¬“∫â“ „ππ—°‡√’¬π¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπµâπ®“° 4 23
‚√߇√’¬π ®”π«π 560 §π „π®—ßÀ«—¥‡æ™√∫ÿ√’
1.4 º≈°“√«‘®—¬ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“π ∂“π°“√≥å ®‘µ≈—°…≥–‡¥‘¡ ·≈–®‘µ≈—°…≥– 24
µ“¡ ∂“π°“√≥å ¢Õß æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ߪ≈Õ¥¿—¬ ¢Õßæπ—°ß“π
‘Ëß∑Õ·≈–ªíòπ¥â“¬ ®”π«π 485 §π
1.5 º≈°“√«‘®—¬ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“π ∂“π°“√≥å ®‘µ≈—°…≥–‡¥‘¡ ·≈–®‘µ≈—°…≥– 25
µ“¡ ∂“π°“√≥å ¢Õß æƒµ‘°√√¡ª√–À¬—¥§à“„™â®à“¬ ¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π
¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 5 „π°≈ÿà¡π—°‡√’¬π∑’Ë¡’º≈°“√‡√’¬πµË” ®”π«π 259 §π
1.6 µ—«∑”π“¬æƒµ‘°√√¡ª√–À¬—¥æ≈—ßß“π·≈–«— ¥ÿ ”π—°ß“π ·≈–µ—«∑”𓬠26
∑—»π§µ‘∑’Ë¥’µàÕ惵‘°√√¡œ ¢ÕßÕ“®“√¬å„π ∂“∫—π√“™¿—Ø ®”π«π 1,294 §π
1.7 ∑ƒ…Æ’¢—Èπ¢Õߧ«“¡µâÕß°“√ ¢Õß Maslow 29
1.8 ∑ƒ…Æ’‚§√ß √â“ߧà“π‘¬¡¢Õß Schwartz 30
1.9 «‘∏’°“√ √ÿªÕߧ姫“¡√Ÿâ®“°ß“π«‘®—¬ 35
2.1 √ÿªº≈°“√«‘®—¬ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡«‘𗬄πµπ‡ÕߢÕßπ—°‡√’¬π 48
√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡»÷°…“
2.2 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“𮑵≈—°…≥–·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å¢Õß惵‘°√√¡Õπÿ√—°…å·≈– 59
ª√–À¬—¥¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.3 µ—«∑”π“¬∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß惵‘°√√¡Õπÿ√—°…å·≈–ª√–À¬—¥¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫ 63
¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.4 √ÿªπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“∑’ˇªìπ°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬß∑’Ë¡’惵‘°√√¡ª√–À¬—¥·≈– 63
Õπÿ√—°…å„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ËπâÕ¬
2.5 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“π‚√߇√’¬π§√Õ∫§√—« ·≈–®‘µ≈—°…≥– ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√ 70
ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘π—¬ ¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.6 µ—«∑”π“¬∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√ªÆ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘π—¬¢Õß 71
π—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.7 √ÿªπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“∑’ˇªìπ°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬß∑’Ë¡’惵‘°√√¡°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡ 71
°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫/«‘π—¬πâÕ¬
2.8 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“π§√Õ∫§√—« ‚√߇√’¬π ◊ËÕ ·≈–®‘µ≈—°…≥–¢Õß惵‘°√√¡ 81
°â“«√â“«πâÕ¬„ππ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
(19)
“√∫—≠¿“æ (µàÕ)
¿“æ∑’Ë Àπâ“
2.9 √ÿªª√–‡¿∑¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“∑’ˇªìπ°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬß∑’Ë¡’惵‘°√√¡ 82
°â“«√â“«¡“° ∑—Èß„π≈—°…≥–µàÕµπ‡Õß·≈–µàÕºŸâÕ◊Ëπ
2.10 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“𮑵≈—°…≥–·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß惵‘°√√¡ 88
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.11 √ÿªπ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“∑’ˇªìπ°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬß∑’Ë¡’惵‘°√√¡√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫πâÕ¬ 89
2.12 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“𮑵≈—°…≥–·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ 92
„ππ—°‡√’¬π√–¥—∫¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“
2.13 √ÿªª√–‡¿∑¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π∑’Ë¡’惵‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’πâÕ¬ 93
2.14 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“𮑵≈—°…≥–·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å¢Õß惵‘°√√¡‡Õ◊ÈÕÕ“∑√„π 101
π‘ ‘µπ—°»÷°…“
2.15 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“𮑵·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å¢Õß惵‘°√√¡æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ „ππ‘ ‘µ 104
π—°»÷°…“
3.1 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¥â“𮑵≈—°…≥–·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√∑”ß“π 136
Õ¬à“ß¡’®√‘¬∏√√¡
3.2 µ—«∑”π“¬∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß°“√Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸ·∫∫„™â‡Àµÿº≈¡“°°«à“Õ“√¡≥å ¢Õß 138
ºŸâª°§√Õß 662 §π
3.3 µ—«∑”π“¬∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß°“√Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸ·∫∫√—° π—∫ πÿπ ¢ÕߺŸâª°§√Õß 662 §π 138
3.4 µ—«∑”π“¬∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß惵‘°√√¡º≈—°¿“√–„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ËπâÕ¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√ 139
Õ∫√¡ —Ëß Õπ§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡¢ÕߺŸâª°§√Õß 360 §π
3.5 µ—«∑”π“¬∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß惵‘°√√¡°“√¥Ÿ·≈‡Õ“„®„ à·≈– à߇ √‘¡°“√‡√’¬π¢Õß 139
ºŸâª°§√Õß 360 §π
3.6 ªí≠À“¢Õߧ√Ÿ„π°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß®√‘¬∏√√¡·°àπ—°‡√’¬π ¡’ 3 ª√–°“√ 142
3.7 ¢âժؑ∫—µ‘ 3 ª√–°“√ „π°“√∑’˧√Ÿ®–ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√ª≈Ÿ°Ωíß 144
®√‘¬∏√√¡·°àπ—°‡√’¬π
5.1 º≈°“√«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫®‘µ≈—°…≥–æ◊Èπ∞“π¢Õ߇Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ 211
5.2 “‡Àµÿ·≈–º≈ ¢Õß°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬∑’Ë √ÿª‰¥â®“°º≈°“√«‘®—¬ 249
5.3 ≈”¥—∫¢—Èπ¢Õߧ«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°‡°’ˬ«°—∫™“µ‘ 254
5.4 À≈—°ª√—™≠“‡»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß 265
5.5 ªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ·≈–º≈¢Õߧ«“¡æÕ‡æ’¬ß 266
6.1 °“√ √ÿªÕߧ姫“¡√Ÿâªí®®—¬‡™‘߇Àµÿ¢Õß惵‘°√√¡¢Õß§π¥’·≈–‡°àß 294
6.2 π‚¬∫“¬°“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫惵‘°√√¡‰∑¬ ¢Õߧ≥–°√√¡°“√«‘®—¬ 302
·Ààß™“µ‘ 3 √–¬–
(20)
(21)
“√∫—≠¿“æ (µàÕ)
¿“æ∑’Ë Àπâ“
6.3 °“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√¢Õß™ÿ¥‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫惵‘°√√¡‰∑¬ 5 ™ÿ¥ „π 303
‚§√ß°“√«‘®—¬·¡à∫∑ : °“√«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“√–∫∫惵‘°√√¡‰∑¬
(2547-2551)
6.4 ¿“√°‘®¢ÕßÀπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√µÕ∫ πÕßµàÕ 305
π‚¬∫“¬π—ÈπÕ¬à“ß ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
6.5 °“√®—¥°“√∑“ßµ√ß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’°“√µÕ∫ πÕßµàÕπ‚¬∫“¬«‘®—¬∑’Ë°”Àπ¥¢÷Èπ 306
6.6 °“√®—¥°“√∑“ßÕâÕ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’°“√µÕ∫ πÕßµàÕπ‚¬∫“¬°“√«‘®—¬∑’Ë°”Àπ¥¢÷Èπ 308
6.7 °“√æ—≤π“§√Õ∫§√—«‡æ◊ËÕ°“√æ—≤π“°“√Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸ‡¥Á°∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ‡æ◊ËÕº≈ 341
µàÕ®‘µ·≈–惵‘°√√¡¢Õ߇¥Á°
. . 2520
(2520)
∫∑∑’Ë 1ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ :
𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»2
4
1.
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 3
2, 3 4
2.
:
/
3
3.
4.
2
1)
2)
1.
2.
/
3.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»4
. . 2520
1) 2)
3)
84,000
5 5 10
10
(Ethics)
(Characters)
9 25 30
19 (Spates,1983) Rokeach (1973)
“ ” (Belief to be important)
“ ”
“ ” (Value)
Rokeach (1973)
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 5
“ ”
(Virtue)
“ ” “ ”
9
“ ”
4
(Rokeach, 1973; ,
2522) ( , 2536)
( , 2534)
(
) (Robinson & Shaver, 1973)
4
(Collectivism)
(Individualism) (Triandis, 1995;
Triandis & Gelfand, 1998)
(Kohn, 1969)
‡√’¬ß≈”¥—∫§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õß≈—°…≥–µà“ßÊ (Rokeach, 1973; ÿπ∑√’ ‚§¡‘π ·≈– π‘∑ ¡—§√°“√,
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»6
(Kohlberg, 1976)
(Hofstede, 1980)
“ ” (Morality) (Piaget, 1932; Kohlberg, 1976)
(Input)
(Output)
2
(Villegas de Posada, 1994)
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 7
/
3
(The cognitive theory of development of
moral reasoning ability) Lawrence Kohlberg
Harvard University
Jean Piaget (Kohlberg, 1969; 1976; 1980) Kohlberg
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»8
Piaget
Piaget
Egocentric
“ ”
Kohlberg
Kohlberg (Moral stages) 3
2
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 9
1 (Preconventional level)
2 10
Kohlberg 2
1 (Punishment and obedience orientation)
2 7
1.1 Kohlberg (1969)
1 1 2 – 10
2
3 2 10 – 16
4
5 3 16
6
2 (Instrumental-relativist orientation)
7 10
“ ” “ ” “ ”
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»10
2 (Conventional level)
10 16
2
3 (Interpersonal concordance)
10 13
4 (Law and order)
3
Kohlberg
13 16
3 (Postconventional level)
16
/
2
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 11
5 (Social-contract legalistic orientation)
6 (Universal-ethic principal orientation)
7
Kohlberg 7 Kohlberg
6
(Kohlberg, Levine, & Hewer, 1983; Power & Kohlberg, 1980)
7 (Lapsley, 1996)
“Ultimate faith” “ ”
( ) /
( )
(Kohlberg, 1964; Piaget, 1932)
( , 2523)
Haan, Smith Block (1968)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»12
6
“
”( , 2520)
Kohlberg
(Defining Issue Test)
(p)
5 6 (Principle levels) Kohlberg
Rest (1976)
(2543)
17
2 6 6
120 5 6
.86
(2545) 7
( , 2546)
Kohlberg
( , 2547)
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 13
Kohlberg
Piaget
( , 2524;
Arbuthnot & Faust, 1981)
3
4 5
3 5 4
“ ”
(2524) 9-12
(2537)
1.2
1
1
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»14
/ /
( , 2520; ,
2531)
1.2
( , 2537)
1.
( 2-7 )
2.
( 7 – 10 )
3.
( 10-13 )
4.
( 13- 16 )
5.
( 16 )
6.
( 16 )
(Kohlberg, 1970; Hoffman, 1970) (2523)
5
1 6
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 15
“ ”
Jean Piaget 4
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»16
(Sensory motor period)
2
2 1) Assimilation
2) Accommodation
(Equilibration)
(Preoperational stage)
2-7 2 2-4
(Egocentric)
Assimilation
Accommodation
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 17
(Initiative thought) 4-7
(Concrete operation)
5-10
(Reversibility)
2
(Formal operation)
3
( )
“
”
“Clean food Good taste”
“ - ”
(Hypothetical-deductive
thinking)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»18
(Thinking about thinking)
“
140 ”
Brynes (1988) Piaget (1972)
3
1)
1.1
“ ” “ ”
2) (Combinatorial reasoning)
3) (Isolation of variables)
¿“æ 1.1 ¿“æ°“√ √ÿª√«¡§«“¡§‘¥„π¢—Èπ√–∫∫
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 19
8
( , 2536)
12
( 1.2) 3
( , 2544)
3
3 1)
2)
Piaget (1966) 3)
3 5
3 5
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»20
1.2 8
( , 2526; 2544)
3
5 1)
- -
Ajzen Fishbein (1980)
2)
§à“π‘¬¡„π°“√„™â ‘π§â“‰∑¬
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 21
Kohlberg 3)
4)
Locus of Control Rotter (1966) 5)
McClelland (1963)
5
5
3
2 ( , 2548 )
2 1)
2)
2 1)
2)
( )
(
Àπ÷Ëß æƒµ‘°√√¡¢Õß§π¥’ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 2 惵‘°√√¡À≈—° ‰¥â·°à 1) 惵‘°√√¡‰¡à
Õß æƒµ‘°√√¡¢Õß§π¥’·≈–§π‡°àß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ 2 惵‘°√√¡À≈—° ‰¥â·°à 1) 惵‘°√√¡
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»22
) (
)
(2548 )
5
(2548 )
1.3
1.3
(100%)
(%) (%)
20 80
12 50 50
80 20
“ ”
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 23
“ ” “ ”
K-A-P (Knowledge – Attitude - Practice/Performance)
“ ”
(2541) 560
( 1.3)
1.3
4 560 ( , 2541)
86%
1.
2. (A)
3.
4.
5. (K)
6.
(162 )
(252 )
86%
1.
2. (A)
3.
4.
5. (K)
6.
(162 )
(252 )
86%
1.
2. (A)
3.
4.
5. (K)
6.
(162 )
(252 )
86%
1.
2. (A)
3.
4.
5. (K)
6.
(162 )
(252 )
86%
1.
2. (A)
3.
4.
5. (K)
6.
(162 )
(252 )
86%
1.
2. (A)
3.
4.
5. (K)
6.
(162 )
(252 )
86%
1.
2. (A)
3.
4.
5. (K)
6.
(162 )
(252 )
86%
1.
2. (A)
3.
4.
5. (K)
6.
(162 )
(252 )
86%
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»24
485 ( , 2547)
( 1.4)
1.4
485 ( , 2547)
(2547)
5
48% ( 1.5)
“ ” “ ”
“ ” “ ”
1. .
(A)2.
3.
(K)4.
5.
43.3%
1. .
(A)2.
3.
(K)4.
5.
43.3%
1. .
(A)2.
3.
(K)4.
5.
43.3%
1. .
(A)2.
3.
(K)4.
5.
43.3%
1.4
485 ( , 2547)
惵‘°√√¡∑”ß“πÕ¬à“ߪ≈Õ¥¿—¬
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 25
1.5
5 259
( , 2547)
“
” “ ”
“ ”
“ ”
“ ”
“ ” “ ”
“ ” “ ”
10
1.
2.
3.
K-A-FOSC
1.
2.
3.
30% 48%
..
1.
2.
3.
K-A-FOSC
1.
2.
3.
30% 48%
..
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»26
44%
µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ °“√«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡ª√–À¬—¥∑√—欓°√„πÕߧ尓√ ¢ÕßÕ“®“√¬å
√“™¿—Ø ®”π«π 1,294 §π ‚¥¬ ™«π™—¬ ‡™◊ÈÕ “∏ÿ™π (2546) ª√“°Ø«à“ (¿“æ 1.6) ∑—»π§µ‘∑’Ë¥’µàÕ
1.6
1,294 ( , 2546)
1. .
2.
3. 4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
41%
44%
1. .
2.
3. 4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
41%
44%
4
41%
( )
“ ”
“ ”
“ ” “ ” “ ”
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 27
Lickona
507 (2548)
2 Maslow
Schwartz
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»28
Abraham H. Maslow
5 (Maslow,
1943)
(Physiological needs)
“ 4”
(Safety needs)
(Love and belongingness)
(Self esteem needs
Ego needs)
(Self-respect)
ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 29
(born to do)
4 Maslow
Malsow B-Values
2%
( 1.7)
(Spiritual
needs) 5
1.7 Maslow (1943)
Shalom H. Schwartz
(Structure of values)
60 (Schwartz, 1992) Schwartz “ ”
1 (Physiological needs)
2 (Safety needs)
3
(Love and belongingness)
4
(Self esteem needs Ego needs)
5
(Self- actualization)
1 (Physiological needs)
2 (Safety needs)
3
(Love and belongingness)
4
(Self esteem needs Ego needs)
5
(Self- actualization)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»30
Universalism
Benevolence
Conformity
Tradition
SecurityPower
Achievement
Hedonism
Stimulation
Self-direction
Openness to change
Self-enhancement
Self-transcendence
Conservation
Universalism
Benevolence
Conformity
Tradition
SecurityPower
Achievement
Hedonism
Stimulation
Self-directionUniversalism
Benevolence
Conformity
Tradition
SecurityPower
Achievement
Hedonism
Stimulation
Self-direction
Openness to change
Self-enhancement
Self-transcendence
Conservation
1.8 Schwartz (1992)
(Schwartz, Melech, Lehmann, Burgess, Harris,
& Owens, 2001)
10 ( 1.8)
(Saroglou, Delpierre, & Dernalle, 2004)
(Self-direction)
(Stimulation)
(Hedonism)
(Achievement)
(Power)
(Security)
(Conformity)
·°àπ¢Õߧà“π‘¬¡∑’ËÕ“®‡ªìπ “°≈ (Saroglou, Delpierre, & Dernalle, 2004) ‰¥â·°à ª√–°“√∑’ËÀπ÷Ëß
Õß
ª√–°“√∑’Ë “¡
ª√–°“√∑’Ë ’Ë
ª√–°“√∑’ËÀâ“
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Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitude and predicting social behavior.
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Arbuthnot, J.B., & Faust, D. (1981). Teaching moral reasoning: Theory and practice.
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Hoffman, M.L. (1970). Moral development. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
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ß“π«‘®—¬¥â“π§ÿ≥∏√√¡®√‘¬∏√√¡ : 𑬓¡ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬ 41
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°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»42
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(2001). Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values
with a different method of measurement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
32(5), 519-542.
Schwartz, S.H. & Sagie,G. (2000). Values consensus and importance: A cross-national
study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 465-497.
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Tett, R.P., & Burnett, D.D. (2003). A personality trait – based interactionist model of job
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.09
.33
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
=
, ,
3
2.9
6
8
.03
+
14
6.4
0
1
5.4
9
3
(
2546
)
.3
49
2
.
32
.61
8, 1
0, 1
1, 1
29.
5%
.2
5,
.21,
16,
.12
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 61
2.3
(
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
.
(r)
84
.42
.5
4
7.
70
.3
6
19
.57
.3
3
+
7.62
.32
50
.60
.4
5
13
.50
.3
8
4
(
2546
) .2
5
87
.
49
.42
1, 2
, 11
45.
4%
.4
6,
.25,
.10
.43
1.
.
2.
.
=
.,
,
,
.
=
.
,
, ,
+
,
4.
48
.1
7
30
.30
.4
7
53
.22
.4
2
5
(
2547
) .5
48
0
.
43
.61
1, 2
, 12
34.
0%
.3
1,
.22,
.16
.50
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
.
=
.,
, ,
,
.
=
.
,
,
,
69
.21
12
.74
>
+
7.34
80
.71
6
(
2542
) .3
48
0
.
15
.57
10, 2
34.
8%
.3
5,
.33
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
=
+,
, ,
.
=
.
, ,
, ,
, +
51
.80
.4
9 7
(25
48)
.3
457
.
19.8
3
1,2 5
1.1
%
.6
3,
.15
.42
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
=.,
,
.
=
.
, ,
, ,
,
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»62
2.3
(
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
. (
r)
.1
4
8
(
2542
) .1
- .6
35
0
.
.19
1.
. –
9
(
2547
) . 1
-3
38
1
.
1.
.
–
.4
5
.4
0
.
.15
.3
4
.3
0
.3
8
10
(
2545
) .4
-6/
.
30
6
.
.36
.2
8
11
(
2545
)
2
54
.
.12
12
(
2537
) .
-
71
1
3, 1
, 11
28
%
1.
.
2.
13
(
2546
)
.1
41
2
1, 3
, 2
41.
7%
1 =
5 =
9 =
2 =
6 =
10 =
3 =
7 =
11 =
4 =
8 =
12 =
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 63
( 2.3)
1) 2)
3) 4)
2-3
29.5% 57.4 % ( 2.3)
2.3
2 ( 2.4) 1)
2)
2.3
2.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
29.5% 57.4 %
1.
2.
3.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»64
. . 2542
. . 2542
1)
2)
( , 2542; , 2545)
(Linn, Vinning, & Freely, 1994)
1) 2)
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 65
3) 4)
2 1)
2)
1)
/
4
Kohlberg
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»66
/
/
/
/
/
4
6
/
/
13
5,800
3
/
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 67
2.4
/
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
.
(r)
.
1
7.6
1
.
.
2
1.0
0
1
(25
46)
.1 –
.2
.6
33
4
5
.
8
.75
1, 2
, 3
14.
4% .2
2,
-.18
, .18
1.
.
2.
. (
12
)
3.
.
=
. =
.
.
3
8.8
0
.
3
5.9
5
. .
5
42
.66
.
.
10
.32
>
2
(25
46)
.2
.5
381
.
1
01
.66
>
3, 1
, 4, 5
, 6,
,7
46.
3%
.67,
.62,
-.5
2, .3
7, -
.32,
.09
1.
.
.
=
, , ,
,
. =
.
,
.,
:
3
(
2545
)
48
6
. -
3
=
, 1
, /
Can
non
Cor
r =
44.
7%
.
.8
3
.
.9
0
>
.
.77
.
.8
5
4
(25
46)
. 3
262
.
.90
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»68
2.4
()
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
.
(r)
.
.
.7
6
.
.
.18
.
-.
27
.
.2
5
.
.4
4
.
.
.28
.
.1
2
.
.3
1
5
(
2546
) .2
9
61
.
. .
3, 2
, 8, 9
, 10
26.
9% .2
4,
.19,
.09,
-.0
83, .
082
.24
6
(25
46)
.3
3
71
1.
. (
2.0
0)
2.
.
.
.
.
7
(
2546
) .1
-.6
2
67
.
1, 1
1, 1
2
22.
0% .2
4,
.19,
.13
1.
8
(
25
44
) .3
2
88
.
1.
9
(
2547
) .
3
81
.
1.
10
(
2524
) .1
4
21
.
1.
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 69
2.4
()
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
.
(r)
11
(
2523
) .1
5
60
.
1.
12
(
2524
) .1
4
00
.
1.
2.
13
(
25
24
) .1
4
00
.
1.
2.
IV
=
D
V =
;
:
=
,
.
=
, =
,
=
,
. =
,
. =
,
. =
,
=
, >
=
,
=
,
=
,
. =
,
. =
,
=
, =
,
.
=
. =
1 =
5 =
9 =
2 =
6 =
10
=
3 =
7 =
11
=
4 =
8 =
12
=
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»70
/
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
2.4
/ ( 2.5) 1)
/
2)
/
2.5
/
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 71
/
1.
2.
3.
/
( 2.7) 1) 2)
3)
( 2.5)
/
2.4 (
2.6) 3 / 1)
/ 2) 3)
14.4% 46.3%
2.6 /
1.
/
2.
3.
/14.4% 46.3%
2.7
/
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»72
/
/
( 2.5)
Lickona (
, 2548) 2 507
2
( )
1)
2
2)
2
3)
334 ( ,
2546) 2 x 2 factorial design 2
1) 2) 2
4 1)
2 2) 3) 4)
®–ªØ‘∫—µ‘µ“¡°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√ √â“ß°“√™—°®Ÿßµ“¡·π«∑“ߢÕß Lickona (∫ÿ≥±√‘°“ √“™Õ“®,
2548) ‚¥¬∑”°“√∑¥≈Õß„ππ—°‡√’¬π¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 2 ®”π«π 507 §π ´÷Ëß°“√™—°®Ÿßπ—Èπ°√–∑”
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 73
2.5
/
()
(
) (
)
1.
(
25
48
) .2
5
07
1)
(13
3 )
2)
(1
27
)
3)
(1
23
)
1)
2
2
)
2)
2
3)
2)
2.
(
2546
) .1
1
6 1)
(
8 )
2)
(8
)
1)
>
2)
>
3)
>
3.
(
2541
) .5
7
6
1)
1
>
2)
1
.
4.
(
25
43
) .3
3
6
>
5.
(25
46)
.1 –
.2
.6
33
4 1)
(83
)
2)
(92
)
3)
(76
)
4)
(87
)
1)
.>
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»74
( , 2543; , 2541; , 2546)
2
7 13 ( 2.4)
/
7 . . 2524 . .
2546
/ 2.5 5 2 5
( , 2543; , 2546) 2 5
( , 2543; , 2541)
2
(
, 2548; , 2546)
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 75
3 1)
2)
3)
2 1)
1
2)
12
( 2.6 2.8)
2
1) 6
1 6
2)
( 2.8) 2
1)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»76
2)
( , 2547) 2.6
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 77
2.6
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
.
(r)
1.
(25
37)
.5,
.1,
.3
1,6
97
.
5
3.6
9 /
>
1.
(
)
2.
4
4.8
9 >
(.
.,
.
59
.58
>
(.
.,
.
.
) .
-.
40.6
4 >
.
11
.30
>
2.
(25
36)
.5,
.1,
.3
4,5
90
.
.
53
.96
/ >
1.
2.
>
. 1
02
.44
3
0.4
1 >
8
2.5
0 >
1
45
.40
>
3.
(
2545
) .2
,4,6
1
,16
0
18
1.3
0
1, 2
, 3, 4
, 5, 6
41.
0%
3
.18,
-.0
6, .0
5
1
. .
2.
.
3.
. .
.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»78
2.6
()
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
.
(r)
5
.00
>
4
.92
>
4.
(
2547
) .3
3
46
.
22
.97
>
1.
.
, ,
9
3.5
2 >
.67
.
9.1
2
>
.3
7
.5
5
.4
4
5.
(
2537
) .3
2
00
.
5, 2
0,
21
46.
0%
.48
=
.
1
0.6
1 >
6.
(
2536
) .2
–
.5
54
0
.
.
.
17
.08
>
1, 6
, 7
40%
-.5
7,
-.40
, -.
22
.
.
44
.75
>
.5
5
7.
(
2526
)
1,1
22
.
.64
2
9.5
4 >
.
14
.15
>
8.
(254
6)
3
60
.
3.8
5
>
8 (
)
45.
6%
-.6
7
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 79
2.6
(
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
.
(r)
+
20
.85
.3
0
.
85.4
6 >
.54
6
9.2
8
.46
-
. .
28.0
2
.38
1
9.6
7
.34
8
1.9
7
.53
3
9.7
0
.47
7
.24
.20
2
12
.36
.6
3
.
50
.52
>
.54
.
51
.09
9, 1
0, 1
, 11,
3, 6
, 12,
13
58.
7%
.32,
.16,
.13,
.11,
.10,
.10,
.09,
.07
1.
.
2.
..
3.
. .
,
,
,
-
9.
()
64
5
.
.
85
.68
.61
.4
7
.4
5
.
-.46
10.
(
2544
) .1
–
.6
382
.
10, 1
4, 1
5
2
3
3.0%
-
.26,
.22,
-.1
7 -.
40
11.
(253
2 )
.3
80
0
.
16
,17
,18
,19
20.
6%
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»80
2.6
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(r)
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
)
.
(r)
.
/
.56/
.54
.
.3
3/.3
2
.
.3
8/.3
3
12.
(
2544
) .1
- .3
70
0
.
15, 3
, 16,
13 4
7.6%
.36/
.32
1 =
8 =
15 =
/
2 =
9 =
16
=
3 =
10 =
17 =
/
4 =
-
1
1 =
18
=
5 =
12 =
19 =
6 =
13 =
20
=
7 =
14 =
21
=
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 81
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
2.8
( 2.6 2.8))
2
. 2
45.6%
3 ( 2.9)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»82
1.
2.
2.7 8
3 1)
2
2)
3)
3
2.9
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 83
2.7
()
()
()
1 .
(
2544
) .2
3
00
1)
(6
)
2)
(6
)
3)
(6
)
1)
2
)
1)
2)
<
3)
<
4)
<
5)
<
2.
(
254
3)
1
4
<
3.
(
2538
)
()
10
5 1
)
2)
3)
2
4)
1)
>
2)
>
(
)
4.
(
2546
) .2
()
6
<
5.
(
2548
) . (
) 2
33
<
6.
(
2541
) .2
(
) 20
1)
4
(1
0
)
2)
(10
)
1)
<
2)
<
3)
2
2
<
7.
(
2545
) .
20
<
8.
(
2540
) .2
16
1)
(
8 )
2)
(8
)
1)
<
2)
<
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»84
2.7 4 8
( , 2546 ; , 2545 ; ,
2548; , 2543) 4
3 4
6-10 3
( 2.8)
4-6
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 85
2.8
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
(r)
. .
.
. 31
.90
.5
3
.
. 39
.37
.6
0
1
(25
48)
.2
47
3
.
.
10.7
9
1, 2
, 3, 4
, 5
46.
9%
.25,
.22,
.20,
.13,
.08
.51
1.
.
2.
.
+
, .
., ,
-
.
.
. 9.
5
.37
.
.
53.8
3
.42
.
.
6.41
.31
.
.
30.0
3
.55
2
(25
46)
.2
57
6
.
.
9.49
6, 7
, 8
47.
6%
.38,
.21,
.16
.38
1.
.
., ,
.
.
17.3
4
.31
.
28
9.47
.68
3
(
2547
)
.2
73
9
. .
.50
1.
.
2.
.
.
26
.27
.
12
.70
. .
68
.17
4
(25
45)
.5
52
4
. .
.
20.1
5
8, 7
, 3, 9
, 10
53.
9%
.33,
.20,
.17,
.15
,.14
1.
.
2.
.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»86
2.8
(
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
(r)
+
./
25
.37
.3
4
.
./
64
.78
<
.4
8
.
/
38.8
1
.41
-
. .
./
19
.78
.3
1
./
4.
10
.2
4
.
/
51.5
8
.44
.
/
22.5
9
.41
.
/
.12
.
/
213.
65
.6
3
.
./
11
2.31
>
.
./
33
.89
.4
7
5
()
6
45
. .
/
64.5
5
11
, 12
, 8, 2
, 13
, 7
47.
5%
.36,
.15,
.12,
.11,
.10,
.10
.54
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
6
(
25
44
) .3
2
88
.
1.
7
(
25
46
) .
2
54
.
1.
8
(
25
47
) .
3
81
.
1.
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 87
2.8
()
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
(r)
.
.
30.6
4
9
(
2546
)
40
0
.
19.3
9
8, 1
4, 1
2, 1
5, 9
52.
5%
.42,
.28,
.12,
.10
, .1
0
1 =
6 =
11 =
2 =
7 =
12
=
-
3 =
8 =
13 =
4 =
9 =
14
=
5 =
10 =
15 =
/
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»88
9 ( 2.8 2.10)
1) 2) 3)
4) .50 .68
( 2.10)
2.10
4 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 89
2
2
2 ( 2.9) 1)
2)
2
1) 2)
2.9
30
2.11
46.9% 53.9%
6
( 2.11)
1.
2.
3.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»90
2.9
()
(
) (
)
1.
(
2545
) .1
1
6 1)
(
8 )
2)
(8
)
1)
>
2)
>
2.
(
2544
) .3
20
1)
(
10
)
2)
(10
)
1)
>
2)
>
3.
(
2547
) .2
16
1)
(
8 )
2)
(8
)
(Non
-eq
uiva
lent
con
trol
gro
up d
esig
n)
1)
1
>
2)
1
>
3)
3
1
4.
(
2544
) .1
41
>
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 91
2 by 2 factorial design
(Multivariate)
9
( 2.10 2.12)
1)
2) 3) 4)
5)
3
1) 2) 3)
3
( 2.12 ) 1)
2)
3)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»92
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6 12
37.89%
57.4%
(
2.10 2.13) 1)
2)
3)
2.12
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 93
2.13
(2543)
3
( , 2548)
( , 2546)
1.
2.
3.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»94
2.1
0
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
( r)
58
.25
21
.11
81
.40
34
.07
>
.
32.4
1
44
.92
>
15
5.22
>
1
(25
41)
.2-3
5
60
.
37.0
1
1, 2
, 3, 4
, 5
46.
2%
3
.2
9, .2
8, .1
3
+
32.4
8
.31
17
5.13
.59
13
4.80
.58
21
8.96
.67
. .
14.0
2 >
2
(25
46)
.2,4
,6
1,20
0
.
.24
1.
2.
20
.23
.2
1
.
68.2
8
.42
13
.48
.3
1
38
.04
.5
1
3
(
2545
) .5
70
1
.
.
11.5
7 >
4, 6
,7,8
37.
9%
.31,
.21,
-.1
8,.1
8
-.35
1.
2.
3.
4.
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 95
2.1
0 (
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
( r)
. .
58.3
9
.38
.
.
10
9.0
0
.57
7
.53
.26
1
05
.25
.5
1
1
0.1
7
.35
2
2.9
7
.41
1
3.3
8
.42
+
18
.16
.4
4
4
(
2546
) .2
4
80
.
16
.54
9, 4
, 3, 1
0, 1
1 57.
4%
.55,
.20,
.12,
-.0
2, .0
8
.38
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
., ,
,
+
18
.93
.2
7
.
20.3
7 >
.29
9
0.3
2
.46
-.
11.7
2
.25
5
.52
.20
2
9.1
6
.34
9
1.3
5
.53
8
.24
.24
8
5.2
3
.55
5
()
6
45
.
.
18
.59
>
9, 3
, 12,
4, 1
50.
9%
.37,
.22,
.20,
.15,
-.0
9
-
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
,
, ,
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»96
2.1
0 (
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
( r)
.
7.02
.38
.
.
1
69
.92
.64
.
. 1
48
.23
.
. 9
1.2
4
+
23
2.7
6
1
00
.78
6
(25
46)
.2,4
,6
2,40
3
.
20.1
0
13, 1
1, 1
4,15
, 16,
17,1
8
45.
1%
.58,
.31,
.17,
-.0
8, .0
6,
.05
1.
.
2.
.
3.
.
49
.97
+
14.2
2
15
.91
31
.01
7
(
2546
)
30
0
35.2
8
19,
20,
21,
11,
4
45.
6%
.25,
.22,
.19,
.16,
.16
1.
2.
..
-.
8
(
2548
) .3
45
0
22
()
16%
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 97
2.1
0 (
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
( r)
9
(
2535
.
5
10
.
23
, 9, 1
1
28.5
%
1.
2.
./
3.
.
1 =
7 =
13 =
19 =
2 =
8 =
14 =
20 =
3 =
9 =
15 =
21 =
4 =
10 =
16 =
22 =
5 =
11 =
17 =
23 =
.
6 =
12 =
18 =
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»98
2
( , 2548)
( , 2548)
( , 2548)
( , 2546)
4 5
( 2.11 2.14)
1)
2)
Erikson 3)
4)
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 99
2.1
1
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
( r)
4
9.1
7
.62
. 5
9.6
4
.52
3
3.1
5
.58
4
8.6
6
.52
22
.57
1,2
,3,4
55.
7%
.40,
.24,
.15,
.13
.47
1.
2.
3.
, ,
,
4
5.1
5
.55
. 30
.63
.4
9
3
9.7
8
.55
4
4.6
2
.49
1.
(
2548
) 2
,3,4
4
41
4.1
8
3, 5
, 2, 6
, 7, 4
43.
3%
.29,
.24,
.21,
.18,
-.12
,.09
.32
1.
,
3
5.1
6
1
1.5
0
6
1.6
1
7
.93
2.
(
2546
) 3
3
60
4.6
9
8, 2
5.7
%
.17,
.11
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»100
2.1
1 (
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
( r)
+
13
.36
3
4.5
8
6
.84
>
2
6.8
8
3.
(
2548
) 2
,4
42
0
10
.60
7, 1
0, 6
, 9,
11 3
8.3%
.29,
.25,
.20,
.18
, -.
12
1.
1
2.
.
.3
0
.1
8
.3
2
.2
6
-.
24
.2
4
.3
4
.1
1
4.
(
2548
) .
3
65
12, 1
17.
3%
.26
,.21
.20
1.
1 =
4 =
/
7=
10
=
2 =
5 =
8 =
11 =
-
3 =
6 =
/
9
=
12
=
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 101
2.14
3
1) 2)
3)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»102
5.7% 55.7%
2.11
(2546)
405 3 5
2
2
2
1) 5 2
2)
5 2
19
(2547)
267
2 by 2 factorial design 4 (
) (
)
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 103
6 2
( , 2545; , 2547) 2
( , 2547; , 2548) 2
( , 2544; , 2547)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»104
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.15
6 2.12 2.15
1)
2)
3)
4)
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 105
2.1
2
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
(r)
+
19
.81
3
0.6
8
3
0.3
0
4
.97
2
7.5
0
6
6.5
2
2
3.3
0
1.
(
2545
)
2,3
4
00
16
.34
1,2,
3,4
43.
4%
.31,
.28,
.23,
.16
.
.26
2.
(25
47)
1
31
0
.13
1
4.6
0
-.12
1
4.2
5
-.15
49
.17
-.
09
3.
(25
47)
2-4
4
03
17
.81
-.35
1.
2.
.5
3
.4
0
.5
3
4.
(
2548
) .
3
65
1, 4
, 5, 6
41.
6%
.33,
.25,
.13,
.12
.43
1.
2.
3-4
3.
3-4
4.
1-2
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»106
2.1
2 (
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
(r)
-.
39
.4
7
.3
5
.1
2
.36
4
.65
1
0.9
2
3
2.5
7
3
6.1
3
1
3.2
2
1
3.1
5
3
0.3
2
5.
(
2544
) 1
-4
50
4
20
.11
7, 8
, 3, 1
, 9
30.
5%
.26,
.17,
.16,
.15,
.11
1.
2.
3.
.
1
34
.19
.4
6
7
4.8
6
.20
1
28
.39
.3
9
5
6.2
1
.42
3
5.4
6
.42
4
6.6
8
.43
6.
(
2547
) 3
2,
113
52
.92
1, 6
, 5, 4
, 7, 1
0
42.
30%
.30,
.20,
.14,
.13,
.12,
.11
.54
1.
2.
3.
4.
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 107
2.1
2 (
)
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(MR
A)
.
(r)
9
9.2
2
.44
7
4.7
7
.40
1
68
.82
.5
0
4
4.6
8
.39
2
1.6
2
.29
4
0.2
6
.38
50
.75
1, 6
, 10,
7, 5
, 9
42.
2%
.38,
.22,
.13,
.11,
.07,
-.05
.45
1.
2.
3.
8
.07
.08
4
.77
.08
2
1.3
9
.21
8
.27
.16
.0
7
(25
47)
3
2,11
3
1, 9
, 4, 6
, 10
18.
2%
.30,
.14,
.11,
-.10
,.07
.09
1.
1 =
4 =
7 =
10 =
2 =
5 =
8 =
3 =
6 =
9 =
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»108
1)
(Boldero, 1995; Bowman &
Fishbein, 1978; Kantola, Syme, & Campbell, 1982; Cialdini, Reno, & Kallgren, 1990)
2)
3)
4) 5)
(Collectivism)
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 109
. (2520). .
21. .
.
. (2546).
5.
.
. (2545).
6
.
.
. (2546).
:
.
.
. (2547).
4 .
.
. (2540).
5.
.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»110
. (2546).
6.
.
. (2547).
5.
.
. (2546). 10
5.
.
. (2545). 5
.
.
. (2547).
5 .
.
. (2546).
4
( ).
.
. (2542).
.
.
. (2546).
6.
.
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 111
. (2524).
. .
.
. (2543).
.
.
. (2542).
.
.
. (2545).
6
.
.
. (2545).
(DRA) (DRL)
.
.
. (2539).
4.
.
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2-3 2548 .
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:
22-25 2549 .
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2.
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ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 113
. (2533). 5
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6
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ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 115
. (2548).
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.
Dolan, L.J., Kellam, S.G., Brown, C.H., et al. (1993). The short-term impact of two
classroom-based preventive interventions on aggression and shy behaviors and
poor achievement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14, 317-345.
Gilliom, M., Shaw, D.S., Beck, J.E., Schoberg, M.A., & Lukon, J.L. (2002). Anger
regulation in disadvantaged preschool boys: Strategies, antecedents, and the
development of self-control. Developmental Psychology, 38(2), 222-235.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»116
. (2546).
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.
ª√–À¬—¥πÈ”°‘π-πÈ”„™â
ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 117
. (2547).
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. (2546).
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. .
. (2537).
.
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. (2545).
.
.
Linn, N., Vinning, J., & Freely, P.A. (1994). Toward a sustainable society : Waste
minimization through environmentally conscious consuming. Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 24(17), 1550-1572.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»118
/
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ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 119
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ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 121
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ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 123
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ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 125
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°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»126
:
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ß“π«‘®—¬æƒµ‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„π‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π 127
Boldero, J. (1995). The prediction of household recycling of newspapers: The role of
attitudes, intentions, and situational factors. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology. 25(5), 440-462.
Bowman, C.H., & Fishbein, M. (1978). Understanding public reaction to energy
proposals: An application of the Fishbein model. Journal of Applied Social
Psychology, 8(4), 319-340.
Cialdini, R.B., Reno,R.R., & Kallgren, C.A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct:
Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 1015-1026.
Kantola, S.J., Syme, G.J., & Campbell, N.A. (1982). The role of individual differences
and external variables in a test of the sufficient of Fishbein’ model to explain
behavioral intentions to conserve water. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
12(1), 70-83.
25
2
:
“ ”
1)
5
∫∑∑’Ë 3ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à
æ≈‡¡◊Õߥ’ ´÷Ëß¡’°“√· ¥ß惵‘°√√¡„πÀ≈“¬¥â“π∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à 1) °“√∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈√—°…“§«“¡‡ªìπ
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»130
2
10 20
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 131
13
14
3.1
( 3.1) 1)
2)
3)
( 3.1)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»132
3.1
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
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DV
> IV
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RA
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Pat
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3
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5
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7
.45
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5
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1
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1
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3
0.9
9
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1.
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47
)
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41
3
.
54
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1, 2
, 3, 4
, 5, 6
.44,
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.14,
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,
.11,
.10
41%
.40
1.
2.
6
.30
.30
2
9.4
0
.68
4
26
.75
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4
2
0.8
6
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1
7.8
1
.55
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3
2.
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47
)
3
42
.
1, 7
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.25,
.22,
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36.
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4
4.3
6
3
0.0
2
4
27
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3.
(
2544
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33
0
.
11
.66
10, 7
, 2, 8
.42,
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.16
51.
0%
4.
(25
36
)
2
93
.
8.2
7
11
, 12,
3
.50,
.32,
.24
19
%
.20
1.
2.
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 133
3.1
()
(A
NO
VA
)
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..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
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)
(M
RA
)
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1
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8
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1
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6
.
.33
4
1.6
0
6
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4
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3
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5.
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47)
5
98
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36
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>
2, 4
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4, 1
5
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1
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8
4
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4
1.7
1
6.
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6)
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43
1
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0
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4, 1
2
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3.2
4
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1
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6
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2547
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30.
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2.
3.
.
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3.1
()
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NO
VA
)
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..)
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IV
DV
F
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DV
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RA
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2
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5
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1
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2
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8.1
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2
2.1
1
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0
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.
23
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2546
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18
4
.
9.
(
2547
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12
3
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10.
(
2547
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19
8
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11.
(
2548
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16
6
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44
%
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 135
3.1
()
(A
NO
VA
)
(
..)
()
IV
DV
F
(IV
DV
> IV
)
(M
RA
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Pat
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(r)
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46)
1,
209
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5, 1
2, 2
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39.
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5.2
%
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6.8
%
1
. .
( 1
2
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1
()
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) .5
1
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4
13
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45)
2
76
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10
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9
29.8
%
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1.
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7 =
13 =
2 =
8 =
4
14 =
3 =
9 =
/
15
=
4=
/
10 =
/
16
=
5 =
11 =
6 =
12 =
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»136
3.1
3 1)
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 137
5
2 1,400 (
, 2520)
662 ( , 2528)
6 6 12
40.0% ( 3.2)
17.0%
( 3.3)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»138
1.
2.
3.
4.
17%
20
2 3 360 ( , 2548)
11
40%
(
.37, .14, .14, 13, .13 ) ( 3.4)
11
34.9%
(
.44, .19, .17, -.12 ) ( 3.5)
3.2
662 (
, 2528)
3.3
662 (
, 2528)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
40%
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 139
1.
2.
3.
4.
34.9%
3.4
360
( , 2548)
3.5
360 ( , 2548)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
40%
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2 494 ( , 2548)
49.9 %
( .59 .13) 45.7 %
. . 2529 (
, 2529) 800
20
“ ”
. . 2520-2525
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2529) ‚¥¬»÷°…“ºŸâª°§√Õß·≈–∫ÿµ√ ®”π«π 800 §Ÿà º≈°“√«‘®—¬ª√“°Ø«à“ π—°‡√’¬π∑’ˉ¥â√—∫™¡
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 141
4,590
5 1 3
( , 2536)
( , 2542)
( , 2545)
( ,2546) (
, 2548)
( , 2520)
(
, 2524)
4 10
(2526)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»142
3.6 3
( , 2526)
3 ª√–°“√ (¿“æ 3.6) ‰¥â·°à 1) §√Ÿ‰¡à‡¢â“„®«à“§ÿ≥∏√√¡§◊ÕÕ–‰√ ®√‘¬∏√√¡§◊ÕÕ–‰√ ·≈–§ÿ≥∏√√¡°—∫
2
2)
3)
. . 2527 ( , 2527)
3
3.
1.
2.
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 143
1,176 ( , 2546)
595 2
739 ( , 2547)
.22
( .17 , .16, .15, .13
.08 )
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»144
3.7 3
( 3.7)
(2536)
3 1)
2)
3)
3 1.
2. /
3.
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 145
“ ”
(2536)
227 ( , 2546)
( .52, .15, .11) 35.2%
( .44, .30) 42.0%
( .48, .23 .11)
41.2%
504 ( , 2547)
3
44.3%
2
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»146
. (2547).
.
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.
. (2546).
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.
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.
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.
.
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 147
. (2547).
.
. .
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.
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.
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.
.
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.
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.
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. (2524). . :
.
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.
.(2536).
. . .
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. (2520). .
21.
.
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.
32 .
. (2529).
.
. (2547).
.
.
. (2547).
.
:
. (2545).
.
. .
. (2527). . 30
.
. (2548).
. .
.
. (2546).
6 .
.
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡„πºŸâ„À≠à 149
. (2542).
. .
.
. (2548).
.
.
. (2548).
. .
.
. (2546).
.
.
Hall (1891 Gorsuch, 1988)
. . 1891
. . 1915
. . 1960
∫∑∑’Ë 4°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»152
“ ”
“ ”
(Gorsuch, 1988)
2 1)
2)
(Pargament, et al.,1995)
40 . . 2522
. . 2501 . . 2518 10 ( ,
2522)
16-25 300
( ,
2515) 4
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 153
Rokeach (1973)
2
Allport Ross (1967) 2 1)
( Extrinsic values)
2)
(Intrinsic values)
2 Religious Orientations Scale
2 4
1)
2) 3)
4)
Donahue (1985) 70
2
Batson Ventis (1982) Religious Life Inventory
(Intrinsic value)
(Quest faith) Erikson
(1968)
Kohlberg ( , 2533)
6 2
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»154
( , 2522)
( , 2529)
( , 2518; , 2518)
( , 2538)
10
3
(Religious belief)
( (
), 2529)
( ( ), 2529)
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 155
3 1)
2)
3) 3
2
(Religious practice)
3
5 1) 2)
3)
4) 5)
5 ( , 2517)
( , 2522)
(Wakeman, 1986) ( (Wakeman, 1986) ·≈–
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»156
, 2522)
(Thompson, 1991)
(Religious life style)
Adler (Life
style)
2
155
(Cline & Richards, 1965) 3
1) TAT
2)
3) -
3 .50 .84
Finney Lee (1977) 25 – 74
493 5
.36 .42
Willits Crider (1989)
331 . . 1970 11
27
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 157
16 55 712 Hamberg (1991)
15 . . 1955 2
1) 21-35 2) 36-50
15
36-50 51-65
15
30%
20%
23 21
( .55) ( , 2533)
328
25 5 6
( , 2549)
372 ( , 2548) 15.19 2.61
10 ( .33 .01
.11 .05) (Path analysis)
293
( , 2539)
( , 2540)
9 3,450 10 64
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»158
( , 2540)
( .24)
( .60)
(Bhanthumnavin, 2001)
Intrinsic religiousness (Donahue,
1985)
3 1,127 25
60 ( 42 ) 75%
53%
3
3
2 1)
2)
(
, 2540) 4 9
4
( ,
2536) 1 2 ( , 2536
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 159
, 2538) 1 ( , 2536)
1,269 18 64
3
31.67%
36.76%
2
1,047
31.73%
3
3 1,266
3
51.18%
( , 2539)
1,024 6
25%
71% 10%
35%
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»160
32%
6 Kohlberg
Kohlberg
(Kohlberg, 1967)
30
5 6
5 6 (Richards,
1991)
Sapp Jones (1986) 100
3 1) 2)
3)
5 6
4 8 143
3
8
3 66%
3 24% ( 88% 3% )
(Norman,et al., 1998)
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 161
(Muralidhran & Srivastara, 1995)
137
23 9
( , 2533)
( , 2540)
285
2 1) 14-16
1
29% 2)
2 23%
7 30%
35%
40 %
( , 2536)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»162
401
( , 2537)
42%
4.1
6
10
( , 2540; 2544)
10
4.2
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 163
4.1
(.
. 253
3-25
49)
(D
V)
(D
V)
(.
.)
()
(IV
D
V>
IV
) F
r
()
F
r
()
6
0.9
9 .4
0 (
1)
44
.37
.29
(1
)
2
4.9
4 .3
0 (
3)
16
.50
1.
(
2533
)
1,4
28
.31
(2)
.29
(1)
(,
.,
) 4
4.9
2
42
.97
.16
.13
2.
(
2549
) .3
4
85
.
.
.32
.3
4
.
1
8.8
5 3
9.2
4
1
0.7
9 1
8.2
0
3.
(
2537
) .1
-3
28
5
6.1
0
8
5.1
2
88
.06
4.
(25
36)
..
2
60
.11
.1
0
5.
(
25
43
)
30
3
4.
52
. .4
4
6.
(
2541
) .
5
60
13
.50
7.
(
2547
) .2
,4,6
1,
210
.5
6 .1
9
1
2.2
9 .4
6
8.
(
2547
) .3
3
46
42
.53
.41
4
6.9
5 .3
7
30
.80
.41
. (
) 6.
64
.41
.25
9.
(
2548
) .3
4
57
.2
1
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»164
4.1
()
(D
V)
(D
V)
(.
.)
()
(IV
D
V>
IV
) F
r
()
F
r
()
+
12
4.1
6 1
88
.94
.
16.3
5 8.
83
1
0.4
2
10.
(
2537
) .6
4
01
1
40
.34
22
4.5
2
. 1
4.7
9 6
.52
2
2.4
7 3
7.4
7
5.7
7
11.
(
2536
) .2
-5
54
0
5.8
7
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 165
4.2
(.
.)
.
.
. (
4
)
.
(
25
46
)
.
.
.
.
1,2
,3 (
55
.8%
)
(
25
47
)
.
1,4
(33
.9%
)
.
. 1,
4 (
42.3
%)
.
1,5
,2, 6
(3
0.9
%)
.
1, 2
, 5 (
43.6
%)
.
. 1,
5, 2
(35
.5%
)
.
2,7,
3,1,
5 (4
5.8%
)
.
.
2,1,
7 (
44.3
%)
.
. 2,
7, 1
(39
.1%
)
.
2,7,
3, 5
, 1 (
53.8
%)
,
(
25
49
)
.
. 1-3
.
(2
54
8)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»166
4.2
()
(.
.)
.
1,5,
10 (
26.1
%)
.
1,9
(19.
6%)
.
1,9
(55.
2%)
.1-3
()
.
1,1
1 (
53
.4%
)
(
2548
)
.
.4-6
.
(
2547
)
.
(
)
(25
47)
(
2549
)
(2
54
9)
8,
2 (2
0%)
1,
2,8,
4 (3
8 %
)
1,
9 (
34.9
%)
1,
2 (2
1.7%
)
/
2,
1 (
15.1
%)
(
2547
)
1
2
3
4
/
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
()
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 167
4.2
3 1) 2)
3)
3
4.3
“ ”
“ ”
( 4.3)
4
2,4 6
“ ”
6 8
( , 2544)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»168
4.3
.
.
.
.
(.
.)
()
F
r
F
r
F
r
F
r
1.
(
2537
) .1
-3
28
5
.1
9
.3
5
.
33
.34
2.
(
2546
) .2
50
4
44
.76
1
3.6
2 .2
9
–
11
.24
.28
.22
.42
3.
(
2547
) .
3
26
.4
0
4.
(254
7)
5
98
.
3
8.7
6
5.
(
254
4)
3
30
12
.26
6.
(
2547
) .5
4
80
.
5
3.3
4 .4
3
7.
(
2545
) .2
,4,6
1,
160
29
.43
–
1
6.5
7
–
4.9
9
8.
(
2542
)
24
7
–
34
.16
.1
0
.
.2
7
.
.26
.3
1
9.
(
2548
) .
.
42
0
.14
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 169
4.3
()
.
.
.
.
(.
.)
()
F
r
F
r
F
r
F
r
.3
2
.16
10.
(
2536
)
2
93
.14
.15
.4
0 .4
9
.1
6 .1
3
11.
(254
9)
.3
485
.
.59
.59
.2
1 1
2.
(
2543
)
30
3
.12
58
.54
59
.39
1
43
.05
.44
1
05
.79
13.
(
2541
) .
5
60
-
49.2
8
.2
0 .5
1
.1
4 .5
4
14.
(25
47)
.2,4
,6
1,21
0
.10
.32
9.
96
.35
56
.57
.61
15.
(
2547
) .3
34
6
7.49
.4
9
.2
4 35
.38
.45
.1
3
.38
16.
(
2548
) .3
45
7
.25
.3
9
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»170
4.3
()
.
.
.
.
(.
.)
()
F
r
F
r
F
r
F
r
.3
4
.26
17.
(
2536
) .2
-5
54
0
.
.
12
.42
75
.86
.5
8
18
.
(25
33)
1,4
28
.42
.41
19.
(
2533
) .4
,6
4
80
r= .3
7*
()
.26
.44
()
.34
.4
2
20.
(
2536
)
.
260
(
)
.18
.30
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 171
4.4
Salt Lake City Utah
15
( . . 2535-2549)
“
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»172
4.4
(.
.)
()
(D
V)
F
AN
OV
A
r
F
AN
OV
A
r
F
AN
OV
A
r
F
AN
OV
A
r
1.
(
2545
)
4
00
.
27
.00
41
.11
2.
(25
44
)
4
15
.
2
2.9
3
3
6.4
7
.-
2
2.7
5 .5
6
29
.34
.64
5
4.9
7 .6
7
.-
1
8.2
2 .5
4
32
.13
.61
6
7.9
2 .6
8
3.
(
2536
)
54
5
. -
1
2.1
0 .5
1
25
.19
.58
63
.20
.66
.
.03
.1
3
.
-.34
.2
8
4.
(25
33)
1
37
.
.33
.42
.
r =
.35
5
.
(25
46)
.2
5
04
.
7.5
3
F =
8.3
5
r =
.41
.
9.4
2 .2
1
6.
(
2547
) .
3
26
.
22
.11
.32
.
24
.18
7.
(
2547
)
5
98
.
26
.19
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 173
4.4
()
(.
.)
()
(D
V)
F
AN
OV
A
r
F
AN
OV
A
r
F
AN
OV
A
r
F
AN
OV
A
r
.
13.4
4 8.
(2
544)
33
0
.
11.6
6
10.
(
2545
) .2
,4,6
1,
160
14.2
4
11.
(
2548
) .
.
42
0 .
.40
12.
(
2541
) .
3
25
.
30
.85
13.
(
2536
)
2
93
.
.2
6
.40
.3
3 .2
2
14.
(25
40)
1,
047
.4
9
15.
(
2541
)
34
8 .
4
16.
(
2539
)
38
5 .
.
17
.
(
2539
)
29
3
.
18.
(
2541
)
37
0 .
4
.
19.
(
2541
)
29
9
.
DV
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»174
: ” ( , 2540)
9
/
32 ( 4.5) . . 2515 . . 2549 (
) 35
3
( , 2533;
, 2534; , 2529)
( , 2518; , 2524; , 2523;
, 2537)
( , 2536; , 2527; ,
2515)
( , 2549) (
, 2548) ( , 2536)
( , 2547)
( , 2537)
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 175
4.5
(
..)
()
(D
V)
D
V>
(D
V)
D
V>
1.
(253
3)
1,4
28
2.
(
2534
) .4
-.6
1
00
()
1)
2)
5
-
-
-
3.
(
2521
)
.
16
9
2
()
1)
()
,
, ,
.
.
,
.
.
4.
(
2549
) .3
4
85
..
,
,
()
,
5.
(
2548
) .3
4
57
, ,
,
.,,
, .
. .
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»176
4.5
()
(.
.)
()
(D
V)
D
V>
(D
V)
D
V>
6.
(
253
7)
. .6
.3
40
1
1)
2)
1)
2)
3)
.
7.
(
2547
)
16
37
2
1)
2)
3)
4)
-
-
-
8.
(
2529
) .
.
DV
>
9.
(
2537
) .1
-3
2
85
> 1
1)
2)
10.
(
2524
) .
–
11.
(
2536
) .
2-4
2
61
1)
2)
3)
1)
2)
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 177
4.5
()
(.
.)
()
(D
V)
D
V>
(D
V)
D
V>
12
.
(25
36)
. 2-5
5
39
13
.
(25
18)
.
14
.
(25
23)
. 4-5
15
.
(25
15)
.
25
1
1)
2)
16
.
(25
27)
. 1
00
(
)
1)
2)
3)
81
5
/
1
7.
(
2547
)
.
20
5
( )
.
18
.
(25
45)
.1
34
()
4
DV
4
>
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»178
4.5
()
(.
.)
()
(D
V)
D
V>
(D
V)
D
V>
19.
(
2548
) .
32
0 1)
2)
2x2
Fac
toria
l des
ign
1)
DV
.,
.
2)
..
.
3)
.
20.
(25
46)
..
2
67
2x2
Fac
toria
l des
ign
1)
.
2)
.
, .
,
.
21.
(
2536
)
76
1)
2)
2x2
Fac
toria
l des
ign
1)
2)
3)
22.
(
2545
) .2
12
6
( 6
)
1.
2.
DV
>
23.
(
2542
)
. .
9
3 7
8
()
1)
2)
3)
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 179
4.5
()
(.
.)
()
(D
V)
D
V>
(D
V)
D
V>
24.
(
2542
)
.5
48
11
()
1
25.
(
2537
) .
. 1
10
0
()
-
-
26.
(
2529
) .4
1)
2)
27.
(
2540
) .5
78
()
28.
(
2544
) .
4
0
()
29.
(
2545
) .1
23
()
5
30.
(
2543
)
31.
(
25
46
) .
.
23
4
()
, ,
(
, ,
)
32.
(
2537
)
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( , 2547)
17
16
12 6
(
, 2548; , 2545) ( , 2542 ; ,
2542) ( , 2536)
( , 2537)
5 40
7 . . 2543
2546 ( 4.5)
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 181
(Religious education)
(Random assignment)
(Yeatts & Asher, 1979)
(Full experiment)
(Meta Analysis)
(Heinsman & Shadish, 1996)
(
, 2548; , 2546; , 2536)
2
2x2 factorial design 4 2
2
2
2
2 3
2 3
2 3
»÷°…“‰ªæ√âÕ¡°—π ®–„Àâº≈∑’Ë ≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫°“√‡¢â“„®∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’Ë¡’ “‡Àµÿ¡“°¡“
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»182
( , 2548)
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 183
. (2518).
. .
. (2541).
.
.
.
. (2541)
.
.
. (2539).
. , 3(3), 22-62.
. (2536).
. 50.
.
. (2538).
, 2(1), 65-76.
. (2536).
.
.
.
. (2524).
.
( . .) .
. (2521).
.
.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»184
. (2533).
. 43.
.
. (2529).
4.
.
. (2547).
. . :
.
. (2544). :
. ( 2)
. (2548).
. (2540).
: . .
.
.(2539).
53.
.
. (2541).
.
. (2545).
. ( . .)
.
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 185
. (2544).
.
.
. (2537). -
.
.
. (2515).
.
.
. (2527).
.
. (2545).
.
. .
. (2545).
1
.
.
. (2545).
2
.
.
. (2543).
. .
.
. (2545).
3 .
.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»186
. (2547).
.
.
.
. (2549).
.
.
. (2547).
.
.
. (2548).
.
.
.
. (2549).
.
. .
( ). (2529). .
. (2548).
. .
.
. (2518). –
.
.
. (2547).
.
∂“∫—π∫—≥±‘µæ—≤π∫√‘À“√»“ µ√å.
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 187
.
. (2547).
.
. :
.
. (2537).
.
.
. (2529).
.
34
.
. (2537). " "
,
.
. (2542).
.
.
. (2517).
.
.
. (2547).
. .
.
. (2549).
. .
.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»188
. (2540).
5.
.
. (2537).
.
.
. (2541).
.
.
. (2515).
.
.
. (2522). .
.
. (2544).
.
.
. (2549).
.
.
. (2523).
. 4 – .5
.
.
(2543). .
.
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 189
. (2534).
.
. (2546).
.
. .
. (2548).
2. .
.
. (2522). :
. .
. (2544).
.
.
. (2548).
. .
.
. (2542).
5.
.
. (2536).
.
.
. (2518). -
.
.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»190
. (2547).
. .
. :
.
. (2522).
.
. (2537).
.
.
. (2536).
.
.
. (2539).
. 58 .
.
. (2538). . ,
2 (1), 110 – 131.
. (2536).
.
.
. (2547).
.
. .
. (2541).
.
. . ( ). .
. (2529).
.
.
°“√π—∫∂◊Õ»“ π“ : “‡Àµÿ ·≈– º≈ 191
. (2542).
.
.
. (2533).
.
.
. (2546). 4
.
.
Allport, G.W. ,& Ross. J.M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal
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/
6
“ ”
Kohlberg
Moral reasoning
ability, Moral judgment Moral action
Kohlberg DIT
(Value clarification)
(Forgiveness)
6
∫∑∑’Ë 5®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“
ability, Moral judgement ·≈– Moral action
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»194
(Nationalism)
(National liking)
(National pride)
(National superiority)
“ ”
“ ”
(Bioethics)
(Comptemplative education) (Conptemplative education)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 195
:
(Moral Reasoning)
µÕπ 1 ‡Àµÿº≈‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡: “‡Àµÿ º≈ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»196
Kohlberg (1964, 1976)
7 17
1 6
1, 2 3
6 Kohlberg 3 2 1.1
1
Kohlberg 6
. . 1958
Kohlberg . . 1971 Tapp
Kohlberg
115 7
Kohlberg
3
Kohlberg
3
1 2
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 197
3 4 Kohlberg
5 6
7 Kohlberg Ryncarz (1990)
7
(Ultimate faith) ( )
/ ( )
7 Kohlberg
“ ”
Kohlberg
( )
5 7
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»198
. . 2517
“ ” ( , 2520)
Kohlberg 6
( ) 6
Kohlberg 10
10 60
6
( , ;
, 2547) 6 Kohlberg
1 (Turiel, 1966)
(Meekun, 1999)
5 6
( , 2546 ; , 2546; , 2546
, 2545)
5 6
Defining Issues Test
Rest (1997) 5 6
5 6
( 0 95 )
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 199
DIT Rest . . 1974
Rest
DIT 2 N2 (Rest, Narvaez &
Thoma, 1999)
Kohlberg
DIT Rest
6
(Recognition)
6
Moral Judgment Test (MIT)
Kohlberg Rest
(Rest, Narvaes,Thoma, & Edwards, 1997)
Rest
DIT2 N2
Kohlberg (Rest, et al., 1997) “ ” MIT
(Rest, et al., 1997) “ ”
(Rest, et al., 1999)
DIT Rest
6
(2520) 10
DIT
437 2 25
( , 2530)
6 DIT Rest
Moral Judgement Test (MIT)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»200
2 1)
2)
6 Kohlberg
5 6
5 6 3
Kohlberg
6 Kohlberg
. . 2529
(
, 2533)
( , 2549)
6
( , 2533)
(Enright &
Gassin, 1992) 6 Kohlberg
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 201
Kohlberg
“ ”
Piaget ( )
Piaget
(Formal operations) 8- 10
10 Piaget
3
2 8
Piaget
8 10
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»202
Kohlberg Piaget
10
11 25 (Kohlberg,
1969) Kohlberg
(Scott, 1971)
Kohlberg
Kohlberg
“ ” “ ”
6 Kohlberg
(Kohlberg, 1964) 6 Kohlberg
10 16
Kohlberg
6
7 1 6
16
6 Kohlberg
(Kohlberg, 1969)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 203
6 Piaget Kohlberg
Piaget Piaget
Kohlberg
Kohlberg (Hoffman, 1971)
Kohlberg
Kohlberg
Kohlberg
Kohlberg
Holstein (1976)
3 (Longitudinal
study) Kohlberg
40 4
3
13
16
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»204
Kohlberg 5 6
6
Kohlberg
6
(Kohlberg, 1969)
5
13 167
3 1) 2)
3)
(Chadha & Misra, 2004)
83
4-6
Kohlberg ( , 2522) 4
1 2 6
2 ( 4 ) 3
( 30 )
(2522) (2521)
9 12 120
(11-12 ) (9-10 )
11 25 1,400
( , 2520)
(40-54%)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 205
3 6 ( 11-12 ) 2
( 18-25 ) 2
2 30-40% 4 5
3 6
3 10
3
3
2 4
3
Blatt (1975 Snarey, 1985)
26 65 28
56 3
2 4 2 5
3
3
4 4 5 5
3 4 (Snarey, 1985)
( ) (Klinratana, 1994)
(2546) ( .)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»206
14 53
4 8 1 4
200 (Rest, et al., 1999)
DIT ( .56)
4
5 86 964 (Dawson, 2002)
(Hierarchical ANOVA)
30
( .79 .01)
Kohlberg 5.1
2 3 9
3 4 20 4
5
Kohlberg
30
(Cross-sectional study)
(Longitudinal study)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 207
5.1
Kohlberg Dawson (2002)
2 10 6-17 4 . 1-15
3 19 8-58 10 . 1-19
4 40 18-68 17 . 9-21
5 44 25-66 19 . 15-21
Kohlberg
(Longitudinal
study)
Kohlberg
92
12 25
(Snarey, Reimer, & Kohlberg, 1985) Kohlberg
Walker (1989)
5 63 78
233 2
2
Kohlberg
5 72 50 4
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»208
4 33
(Armon & Dawson, 1997)
3
Cross sectional study
(Longitudinal study)
7 77 (
)
70 3-5
¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈§π‡¥’¬«°—π∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬µ‘¥µ“¡«—¥À≈“¬§√—È߇¡◊ËÕ‡¢“¡’Õ“¬ÿ¡“°¢÷Èπ∑ÿ°∑’
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 209
3 1) 2)
3) (Kohlberg, 1976; , 2524)
5
24 – 30 (Tomlinson-Keasey & Keasey, 1974)
5 6 ( .58 .60
)
( 5 6) 41%
( 1 2) ( 3 4)
(Walker, 1980) 2
Kohlberg 72
2 3
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»210
3
Kohlberg . .
2524 ( , 2524)
( , 2524)
3
( , 2530) 15 25
3
3
( .) 1
:
. . 2547
2 3
( , 2546) 2
3
3
( )
5 23%
2
(2546)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 211
6
Kohlberg
( 5.1)
(
)
Empathy ( 5.2)
Empathy
( 5.2)
5.2
4
5.1
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»212
“ ” (
, 2520)
-
“ ”
( 5.3) 4
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 213
5.2
(
..)
.6
.1
6
42
.1
3
7
09
.1
6
1.
(2
52
0)
.3,5
2
71
9
.19
2.
(25
24)
. 1
3 (
) 73
.6
0
3.
(
2541
) .
.
32
5
.3
0
4.
(
25
34
) .
2
50
.18
.24
5.
(
25
49
)
. 2
80
.18
.26
6.
(
25
47
)
98
5
.3
6
.3
3
.39
7.
(
25
47
)
32
6
.2
3
.33
8.
(
25
46
) .
1
,21
0 .6
7
.2
7
9.
(
2547
)
25
6
.48
10.
(
) .
6
45
.15
.1
2
.20
.17
11.
(
25
48
) .
.
36
5 .1
9
.33
.2
5
.1
6
12.
(
25
47
) .
.
40
3
.2
6
.48
13.
(
25
47
) .
.
1,1
26
.12
.36
.30
.2
8
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»214
5.3 30
Kohlberg
(Cognitive-development theory) (Walker & Hennig, 1999)
(Social
learning theory Psychoanalytic theory)
2-4
(Walker & Hennig, 1999) 80 60
1 10
2 4
1
917 (
, 2524) 63%
( .60)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 215
5.3
%
(
R2 x
100
)
F (
)
(.
.)
.
70
9 .1
7
.16
1.
(252
0)
. 3,5
2
71
9 .1
2
.15
2.
(25
24)
. 1
3
91
7 (
5.04
)
(12
.23)
MR
- (
23.0
9)
.
1,6
00
6%
, T
V
,
.
154
1
1%
,
TV
3.
(25
29
)
TV
. 94
8
11
%
T
V
,
,
4.
(
2524
) .5
.6
197
(9.
73)
5.
(
2534
) .
2
50
.1
3
.18
6.
(
2549
)
. 28
0
.3
4
7.
(
254
7)
9
85
.42
.33
8.
(
2547
)
32
6
.
13
9.
(25
47)
.
1,2
10
+ .1
6
.15
.17
.17
.29
10
.
(254
7)
2
56
.24
11
.
()
.
64
5 +
.10
.16
12
.
(25
48)
..
3
65
.28
.20
.
20
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»216
5.3
()
%
(
R2 x
100
)
F (
)
(.
.)
11
.
(25
47)
. .
4
03
.12
-.1
5
12
.
(25
47)
. .
1
,12
6 . .
28
.34
.27
.3
1
.30
13
.
(25
37)
3
11
.48
14
.
(
2536
) .1
3
4
,59
0 .
+ (
4.38
)
. +
(15
.84)
.-
+
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.+
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07)
15
.
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,
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®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 217
Lickona (1983; 1994)
18 (Narvaez & Mitchell, 1999)
(2549)
( 5.3)
4
90
1 4
(Walker, Hennig,
& Krettanauer, 2000)
20
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»218
Kohlberg
3
1) 3
(
)
2) 3)
Kohlberg
(Just Community)
14-29
( ) (Brugman,
2003)
2
(Selman, & Lieberman, 1975)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 219
(Blumenfeld, et al., 1987)
11
3
3
(Luthenberg, et al., 2004)
Lickona (1983) (2546)
Lickona
( , 2548)
“ ” ( , 2527)
593
2,654
3 1)
2)
3)
“ ” (
, 2526 2544)
. . 2000
(Positive psychology; Seligman, et al., 2000)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»220
Kohlberg
1
(Merelman, 1979; Narvaez, 2002)
5 1)
2)
1 3)
4)
Kohlberg
Lawrence (1979)
DIT Rest (1974) 7 14
Kohlberg 5)
1
3 10 24 30 Lawrence
(1979) 14 50%
. . 1970 1984
140 (Lind, 2002 Brugman, 2003)
3
Lawrence (1971) Lockwood (1978)
12 . . 1971 1976
2 3
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 221
Leming (1981)
33 21%
Kohlberg 26 81% 1)
2)
3)
( )
Lockwood (1978)
4)
. . 2520 ( ,
2520)
(2524)
(Self-Instructional linear programming)
4
1 2
3-4
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5 6 191 9 14 4
1 15 1 2
2 8 7 3
7 4
(2525)
5 256
(2524)
(2525)
Kohlberg
4
Kohlberg
2
Kohlberg 5 6 3
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 223
6 Kohlberg
Enright (1992) (
, 2529; , 2532 , 2529 )
(Moral dilemma) Kohlberg
( )
(
)
Leming (1981) Lockwood (1978)
( ) ( )
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¡‡¥™ »√’· ß, 2525; π‘∑ ∑√—æ¬å«“√’, 2528; ™“≈’ À«“π©Ë”, 2529)
(
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”
( , 2528; , 2531; , 2531;
, 2532; , 2532; , 2534 )
2
(2524) (2525) (2533)
( , 2525; , 2528; ,
2530; , 2540; , 2546 )
(2546)
12
(2545)
24 100%
12 50%
12
6
12
3 6
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 225
3 1) 2)
3)
2 1)
( , 2546)
2)
Kohlberg
48 25 58 (
38.7 ) 2 3
Arbuthnot
(1984)
3
1 40
1
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Villegas de Posada (1994)
4 1)
2)
3) 4)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 227
Kohlberg Candee (1984 Krebs
& Denton, 2005) 5
6
63
3 (Saltzstein, et al., 1972)
. . 1980 Blasi 79
4
. . 2005
(Krebs & Denton, 2005)
Kohlberg
(
) (Hann, 1986)
4-5
(Miller, et al., 1996)
.30 (Teal & Carroll, 1999)
5
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Kohlberg Candee (1984)
5 6
Kohlberg “ ”
( , 2520)
( )
( 28.13% )
( 2 30.56%)
(51.61%) (26.67%)
( 51.61%
20.13%)
2 (51.61% 26.67% )
“ ”
Kohlberg
(Interactionism model; Endler & Magnusson, 1977)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 229
5.4
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®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 231
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. (2547).
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®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 233
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®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 237
. (2549).
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®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 239
.
.
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development in moral judgement.
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 243
(Forgiveness)
(Forgiveness)
( Worthington & Scherer, 2004)
2-3
(McCullough, et al., 2003)
(Forgiveness scale) 23
2 (McCullough, et al.,
1998) 5-7 5 “ ” “ ”
( r = .72)
( r = .58) (Enright & Gassin, 1992) 4,
7, 10
µÕπ 2 æ—≤π“°“√·≈– “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬ (Forgiveness)
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21.34 13.31
(Park & Enright, 1997)
6 (Enright & Gassin, 1992)
1
2
3
4
5
6
(Kadiangandu, et al., 2001)
800 18
65 1,423
(Toussaint, et al., 2001)
53 32.8 20 64
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 245
2
94.3%
( )
29%
3 53
. . 1997 9
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»246
5.5
7
1) (
) 2)
3)
4) 5) (Empathy)
6) 7)
/
30% 70 %
5 1)
2)
3) 4)
5)
1)
(Toussaint, et al., 2001) 2)
71
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 247
5.5
()
1. M
cCul
loug
h, e
t al.
(19
98
)
.
19
.83
23
9 1
2
3
1 .
2.
( r
= .5
3)
2 P
ark
& E
nrig
ht (
1997
) .
2
1.3
4
1
3.3
1
30
2
30
6 1.
2.
3 F
inke
l, et
al.
(20
02
) .
1
9.8
1
1
89
2 1
55
3
3
1)
2)
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4 M
cCul
loug
h, e
t al.
(20
03
) .
2
0.4
4
1 8
9
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8
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8
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1)
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)
5 H
oyt,
et a
l. (2
00
5)
43
.1
4
1.1
2
8
13
.24
96
96
96
3
4 (
38%
5
0%
)
/
//
/
6 K
adia
ngan
du,
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l. (2
00
1)
18
65
47
4
32
2
5 9
1.
2
.
7 E
xlin
e, e
t al.
(20
04
) .
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1 2
76
2
24
2
2 4
5 8
1.
2.
( r
= -
.33 )
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»248
5.5
(
)
()
8 G
irard
& M
ulle
t (19
97)
15
-96
236
2 3
7 8
10
11
70
%
1.
64
9 W
ohl &
Bra
nsco
mb
e (2
005)
.
2
1-23
1
4
7
2
37
3
56
1
.
(r
=
.60
.6
3)
2
.
( r
= -
.50
-.60
)
1.
1 =
(
Em
pat
hy)
5 =
9
=
2 =
6 =
10 =
3 =
,
7 =
11 =
4 =
8
=
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 249
(Witvliet , et al., 2001)
(Empathy)
( )
5.2 (McCullough & Worthington, 1999 ; Worthington & Scherer, 2004)
(Karremans, , et al. 2003)
5.2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»250
6 (Worthington &
Drinkard, 2000)
(Empathy)
6
6
(Al-Mabuk & Enright, 1995)
·≈–°“√· ¥ßÕ“°“√§◊π¥’µàÕ°—π ´÷ËßÕ“®¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√‡ªìπ 6 ¢—ÈπµÕπ (Worthington &
Drinkard, 2000) ‚§√ß°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡°“√„ÀâÕ¿—¬ ¡—°¡’®ÿ¥‡πâπ∑’Ë°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â“Õ°‡¢â“„®
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 251
Al- Mabuk, R.H., & Enright, R.D. (1995). Forgiveness education with parentally love-
deprived late adolescents. Journal of Moral Education, 24(4), 427-444.
Enright, R.D., & Gassin, E.A. (1992). Forgiveness : A developmental overview. Journal of
Moral Education, 21(2), 99 -113.
Exline, J. J., Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., Campbell, W. K., & Finkel, E. J. (2004).
Too proud to let go: Narcissistic entitlement as a barrier to forgiveness. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 894-912.
Finkel, E.J., Rusbult, C.E., Kumashiro, M., & Hannon, P.A. (2002). Dealing with
betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness?
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 956-974.
Girard, M., & Mullet, E. (1997). Forgiveness in adolescents, young, middle aged, and
older adults. Journal of Adult Development, 14, 209-220.
Hoyt, W.T., Fincham, F.D., McCullough, M.E., Maio, G., & Davila, J. (2005). Response to
interpersonal transgressions in family: Forgiveness, forgivability, and
relationship-specific effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
89(3), 375-394.
Kadiangandu, J.K., Mullet, E., & Vinsonneau, G. (2001). Forgiveness: A Congo-France
comparison. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 504-511.
Karremans, J.C., Van Lange, P.A.M., Ouwerkerk, J.O., & Kluwer, E.S. (2003). When
forgiveness enhances psychological well-being: The role of interpersonal
commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1011-1026.
McCullough, M.E., Fincham, F.D., & Tsang, J. (2003). Forgiveness, forbearance, and
time: The temporal unfolding of transgression-related interpersonal motivation.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 540-557.
McCullough, M.E., Rachal, K.C., Sandage, S.J., Worthington, E.L. Jr., Brown, S.W., &
Hight, T.L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical
elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
75(6), 1586-1603.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»252
McCullough, M.E., & Worthington, E.L., Jr. (1999). Religion and forgiving personality.
Journal of Personality, 67(6), 1141-1164.
Park, Y.O., & Enright, R.D. (1997). The development of forgiveness in the context of
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Toussaint, L.L., Williams, D.R., Musick, M.A., & Ecerson, S.A. (2001). Forgiveness and
health: Age differences in a U.S. probability sample. Journal of Adult
Development, 8(4), 249-257.
Witvliet, C.V.O., Ludwig, T., & Vander Laan, K. (2001) Granting forgiveness or harboring
grudges: Implications for emotions, physiology, and health. Psychological
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Wohl, M.J.A., & Branscombe, N.R.(2005). Forgiveness and collective guilt assignment to
historical perpetrator groups depend on level of social category inclusiveness.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(2), 288-303.
Worthington, E.L., Jr., & Drinkard, D.T. (2000). Romoting reconciliation through
psychoeducation and therapeutic interventions. Journal of Marital and Family
Therapy, 26 (1), 93-101.
Worthington, E.L., & Scherer, M. (2004). Forgiveness is an emotion-focused coping
strategy that can reduce health risks and promote health resilience: Theory,
review, and hypothesis. Psychology and Health, 19(3), 385-405.
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 253
:
Nationalism, Patriotism ( )
(Nationalism)
(Blaut, 1986)
“ ” (National
pride) “
” (National superiority)
(Finlatson, 1998)
- Decker, Malova Hoogendorn
(2003) ( 5.3)
(National attitude)
(National feeling)
5 1)
(National liking) 2)
(National pride)
3) (National preference)
4) (National
superiority)
5) (Nationalism)
(Interrelated)
µÕπ 3 ≈—°…≥–™“µ‘π‘¬¡ : °“√«‘®—¬ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“
™“µ‘π‘¬¡ ‡ªìπ∑—»π§µ‘ à«π∫ÿ§§≈ (Finlatson, 1998) ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»254
3 1) (National
alienation)
“ ” 2)
(National shame) 3)
(National disgust)
“ ” “ ”
3
(Decker, Malova, & Hoogendorn, 2003) 1)
2)
3)
5.3
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 255
(National attitude) 4
(Jahoda, 1962) Piaget
(Druckman, 1994)
(Altruism) (Prosocial
behavior)
5 Decker, Malova
Hoogendorn (2003) (Hierarchical) (
5.3) (National feeing)
(Nationalism)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»256
( )
( )
5 (
5.3)
(Regionalism)
Decker (2003)
5 3
849 15-18 14
14-20
635 26 (14 26
) Basque
774 14-18
2
. . 2520-2530 (
, 2520; , 2521; ,
2526) . . 2545
( , 2545; , 2545) ( -
, 2545; , 2548) ( , 2546; ,
2547)
( , 2544; , 2545;
, 2522)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 257
1,276 (Blamk,
2003)
(Nationalism) ( .56 ( ) .53
( )) (Patriotism) ( .48 ( ) .37
( )) 1)
(Authoritarianism) 2)
3) Fatalistic externality
971
(Internationalism)
( .12)
( -.17)
22 24,247
2 1) (Patriotism)
2)
(Chauvinism)
1)
2)
(Coenders & Scheepers, 2003)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»258
(2549)
Decker, Malova Hoogendorn (2003)
5 15
.84 15- 90
69.69
8.20
485
1)
2)
5
3)
2
1)
2) 11
3
( .22) 1 5
3
62.6%
4 ( .10)
( 19,760 ) 3
66.3%
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 259
(2549)
485 2
5.6
5.6
4 ( 19,760 )
( 5)
5.6
(2549)
1)
2)
3)
4 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à ¢â“√“™°“√À≠‘ß ¢â“√“™°“√∑’Ë¡’‡ß‘π‡¥◊ÕππâÕ¬ ( 19,760 ∫“∑ µàÕ‡¥◊Õπ)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»260
5.6
(
,
2549
)
.
.2
5**
.2
9**
.1
5**
.3
6**
.4
0**
.3
7**
.3
7**
.4
8**
.2
2**
.3
8**
.2
7**
.3
8**
.1
9**
.2
0**
.1
1*
.28
**
.15
**
.37
**
( 4
2 )
.31
**
.35
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.12
.3
5**
.1
5*
.39
**
.5
9**
.2
2**
.1
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.24
**
.24
**
.31
**
.3
1**
.32
**
.19
**
.39
**
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.39
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.2
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.2
6**
.1
0
.22
**
.19
**
.32
**
( C
5)
.20
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.23
**
.14*
.3
7**
.20*
* .3
3**
.2
8**
.32*
* .1
3*
.27*
* .1
9**
.39*
*
.2
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.2
9**
.0
9
.34
**
.19
**
.36
**
.2
2**
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8**
.2
3**
.2
6**
.2
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8**
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9**
.3
4**
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3**
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5**
.3
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1**
.1
1
.29
**
.16
**
.35
**
*
p <
0.0
5
**
p <
0.0
1
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 261
. . 1959
(Bass, 2005)
7
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»262
. (2544).
.
.
. (2545). .
.
. (2545).
.
. (2545).
.
.
. (2545). :
.
.
. (2521).
.
.
. (2546).
1 .
. (2548).
. ( ) .
.
. (2549).
.
.
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 263
. (2522). :
. . .
. (2526).
.
.
. (2547). 1
. .
. (2520).
.
.
Bass, C. (2005). Learning to love the motherland: Educating Tibetans in China. Journal
of Moral Education, 34(3), 433-449.
Blamk, T. (2003). Determinants of national identity in east and west Germany: An
empirical comparison of theories on the significance of authoritarianism, anomie,
and general self-esteem. Political Psychology, 24(2), 259-288.
Blaut, J.M. (1986). A theory of nationalism. Antipode, 18(1), 5-10.
Coenders, M., & Scheepers, P. (2003). The effect of education on nationalism and ethic
exclusionism: An international comparison. Political Psychology, 24(2), 313-343.
Decker, H., Malova, D., & Hoogendorn, S. (2003). Nationalism and its explanations.
Political Psychology, 24(2), 345-376.
Druckman, D. (1994). Nationalism, patriotism, and group loyalty: A social psychological
perspectives. Mershon International Studies Review, 38(1), 43-68.
Finlatson, A. (1998). Psychology, psychoanalysis, and theories of nationalism. Nations
and Nationalism, 4(2), 145-162.
Jahoda, G. (1962). The development of children’s ideas about country and nationalism.
Part 1: The conceptual framework. British Journal of Educational Psychology,
33, 143-153.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»264
:
(Sufficiency economy)
25
:
3 ( , 2547)
( 5.4)
3 1)
2) 3) 5.4
µÕπ 4 惵‘°√√¡µ“¡À≈—°ª√—™≠“‡»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ß : “‡Àµÿ ·≈–º≈
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 265
5.4 ( , 2549)
:
( . . 2549)
80 /
( , 2543)
(Magnusson & Endler, 1977)
5.5
5.5 2
( - ) ( - ) ( - - - )
/
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»266
5.5
2 3 (
, 2542; , 2548) ( ,
2545) ( , 2546; , 2547;
, 2548) ( , )
1)
2)
34.8%
51.1%
Piaget ( , 2546;
•
• ( )
•
• ( )
•
•
• ( )
•
• ( )
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 267
, 2546)
( , 2546; , 2549)
(
, 2541) ( , 2541)
( , 2546)
( , 2547;
, 2546)
( , 2549)
( , 2549)
1)
2)
17.4% 68.3%
( , 2543)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»268
( , 2548)
( , 2546)
( , 2548) (
, 2548)
- -
(Theory of Reasoned Action)
Ajzen Fishbein (1980)
( , 2542; , 2546; , 2549)
2
2,027 ( , 2547)
5
5
(EQ)
(MR)
245
240 ( , 2549)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 269
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»270
. (2541).
. .
.
. (2549). .
... ... .”
2-14 2549 .
. (2547). .
( 1). .
. (2546).
.
.
. (2546).
.
.
. (2545).
.
.
. (2549).
.
.
. (2546).
.
: .
∂“∫—π∫—≥±‘µæ—≤π∫√‘À“√»“ µ√å.
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 271
. (2548).
. .
.
. (2548). Lickona
.
.
. (2543).
. .
.
. (2548).
. .
.
. (2547).
.
. :
.
. (2547).
.
.
. (2546).
. .
:
.
. ( ).
.
.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»272
. (2546).
.
.
. (2546).
. .
:
.
. (2542).
. .
.
. (2541).
.
.
. (2547).
.
.
. (2549).
.
.
. (2549).
.
.
. (2546).
.
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 273
. (2548).
2.
.
. (2548).
.
.
. (2546).
.
.
. (2549).
.
.
. (2543).
.
.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitude and predicting social behavior.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Magnusson, D., & Endler, N. S., (1977). Interactional psychology and personality.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»274
:
“ ”
“ ”
2500
Freud Superego
Conscience
“ ”
Piaget
Kohlberg
“ ”
“ ” 2-4
(Conscience)
(Aksan & Kochanska, 2005)
µÕπ 5 ®‘µ ”π÷° : §«“¡À¡“¬ ·≈–°“√«‘®—¬
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 275
3-5 2
(Kochanska, 1995)
(Kochanska, Padavich & Koenig, 1996)
23
(Bjorklund, 2000)
3
10 -12
(Flor & Knapp, 2001)
6
(Kochanska & Aksan,
2006)
(Gershoff,
2002)
(Laible & Thompson, 2000)
45
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»276
2-5
( , 2544)
(
, 2546)
“
” ( , 2545)
2546
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 277
. (2544). :
. 9
9 114-116 .
. (2546).
.
11 11 107-108
.
. (2545).
.
.
Aksan, N., & Kochanska, G. (2005). Conscience in childhood : Old questions, new
answers. Developmental Psychology, 41(3), 506-516.
BjÖrklund, F. (2000). Defense mechanism and morality: A link between isolation and
moralization. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 55-61.
Flor, D.L., Knapp, N.F. (2001). Transmission and transaction: Adolescents’
internalization of parental religious values. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(4),
627-645.
Gershoff, E.T. (2002). Corporal punishment, physical abuse and the burden of proff:
Replay to Baumrid, Larzelere, and Cowan (2002), Holden (2002), and Parke
(2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 602-611.
Kochanska, G. (1995). Children’s temperament, mother’s discipline, and security of
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66, 597-615.
Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (2006). Children’s conscience and self-regulation. Journal
of Personality, 74(6), 1-31.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»278
Kochanska, G., Padavich, D.L., & Koenig, A.L. (1996). Children’s narratives about
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1420-1436.
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®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 279
:
“ ” (Spirituality)
“ ”
“ ” (Traphagan, 2005)
“ ”
(Cottingham, 2005; Shahjahan, 2004; Trousdale, 2004)
(2546) 2
504
4
( )
( )
57%
64% 4
µÕπ 6 ®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ : °“√«—¥ °“√«‘®—¬ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»280
( 69-80 )
(Le & Levenson, 2005;
Tornstam, 1997) Macer (2006) (Bioethics)
4
(Pike, 2004; Smith, 2004)
3 1)
2)
3)
(Cottingham, 2005)
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 281
(Contemplative techniques)
( , 2549)
(Zajonc, 2006)
8
“ ” “ ”
12 1)
2) 3)
4)
5)
(Hill, Herndon, & Karpinska, 2006)
(Bioethics)
1)
2)
3)
(Macer, 2006)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»282
( , 2546)
·≈–°“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«‡™‘ß𑇫»πå Õ¬Ÿà„π¢Õ∫¢à“¬
®‘µ-惵‘°√√¡‡™‘ß®√‘¬∏√√¡ ·≈–°“√æ—≤π“ 283
. (2549). (Contemplative education).
.
. (2546).
.
.
Cottingham, M. (2005). Developing spirituality through the use of literature in history
education. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 10(1), 45-60.
Hill, C., Herndon, A., & Karpinska, Z. (2006). Comtemplative practices: Educating for
peace and tolerance. Teachers College Record, 108(9), 1915-1935.
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443-457.
Macer, D.R.J. (Ed.) (2006). A cross-cultural introduction to bioethics. Bangkok,
UNESCO.
Pike, M.A. (2004). “Well-being” through reading, drawing upon literature and literacy in
spiritual education. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 9(2), 155-162.
Shahjahan, R. (2004). Reclaiming and reconnecting to our spirituality in the academy.
International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 9(1), 81-161.
Smith, D.I. (2004). The poet, the child and the blackbird: Aesthetic reading and spiritual
development. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 9(2), 143-154.
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387-419.
Tornstam, L.(1997). Gerotranscendence: The contemplative dimension of aging. Journal
of Aging Studies, 11(2), 143-154.
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»284
Trousdale, A.M. (2004). Black and white fire: The interplay of stories, imagination, and
children’s spirituality. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 9(2),
177-188.
Zajonc, A. (2006). Love and knowledge: Recovering the heart of learning through
contemplation. Teachers College Record, 108(9),1742-1759.
350 230
120
1
2 3
4
5
4
2 5
2
( ) (
)
2
∫∑∑’Ë 6°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»286
- -
1
2
5
(Interactionism model) (Magnusson & Endler, 1977)
2
2
4
1) 2)
3) 4)
/
2
1)
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 287
2)
3)
4)
2 5
/
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»288
3
3
/
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 289
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»290
4
1)
2)
3) 4)
/
2 3
1)
4
2)
2
3)
4)
2
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 291
5)
/
6)
2 (Social norm)
(Social support)
3 1) /
2) / 3) /
1)
4
(Self-efficacy)
2)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»292
3)
4)
( ) /
(Mentor)
/
5
1) 3
2)
3)
4
1 ( Kohlberg)
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 293
2 5
1) 6
2)
3
2
3)
4)
4
6.1
(Interactionism model)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»294
6.1 3
4 1) 2)
3) 4) ( ,
2550)
(r = 0.41) (r = 0.39) (r = 0.36)
(r= 0.35)
1. ( . )
2. ( . )
3. ( . )
4. ( . )
5. ( . )
6. ( . )
7. ( . )
8. ( . )
9. ( . )
1. ( - .)
2. ( .- .)
3. ( .- .)
4. ( . )
5. ( . )
6. ( .- .)
7. ( . )
8. / ( .- .)
9. ( .- .)
10. ( . )
1. ( . )
2. ( )
3. ( . )
6.1
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 295
12
(Self-efficacy)
2
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»296
“ ”
“ ”
(Positive psychology) (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000)
2535
. . 2515
. .
2535
( , 2535)
6.1
12 6.1
5
“ ”
3
1) 2) 3)
( , 2526 ; 2531)
3
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 297
4 – 8 9 – 12
( )
5 ( 5)
10
3
(
)
( )
3
(
)
-
2 4
“ ”
12
4 12 3 3
3-4
µ“√“ß 6.1 π‚¬∫“¬æ—≤π“§ÿ≥∏√√¡-®√‘¬∏√√¡ ‡¥Á°Õ“¬ÿ 0-12 ªï
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»298
2
0-5
4
7
6.1 4 12 2 4 8
9 12
Piaget (Piaget, 1972; Fischer & Silvern,1985;
, 2541 ) “ ”
. . 2535
4 8 9-12
3 4 10 12
3 4
5
5
4 8 5
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 299
5 5
4 12
. . 2535
5 10 15
5
20
. . 2535
0 – 12
. . 2535
/
3
. . 2534
“
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»300
: ” (
, 2540; 2543) 10 1)
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4
. . 2536 . . 2539
. . 2540
0-12
(
, 2541) (
, 2546)
( , 2547)
( , 2544)
( , 2547)
( , 2547)
. ( , 2547)
( , 2543
, 2542)
3
( , 2536)
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 301
:
4
(
, 2544)
400
1,500 . . 2542 2544
3
3 6.2
. . 2537 -2541
. . 2542
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»302
6.2
3
. . 2546
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 303
– - ( - )
– –
– –
– –
.
:
.
:
. . 2547-2551 ( 6.3)
2
. . 2547
10 ( . . 2550-2554)
6.3 5
: (2547-2551)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»304
:
“ ” ( 5 6.3)
“ ”
3
4
1.
2.
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 305
3.
4.
10 ( . . 2539 -2549) ( 6.4)
2
6.4
3 ( . . 2537-2551)
/
/
6
25
120
15
:
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»306
6.5
6.5
3
( . . 2537 -2541 – )
7
AIDS
9 700
6
200
25
70-80
TBS
:
2547-2549
5 1,500
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 307
( . . 2542 – 2546 – )
( . . 2547 – 2552 – )
( )
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»308
( 6.6)
6.6
. . 2540
5
3 ( 6.2
6.4)
:
2547
. . 2538
10
50
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 309
6.2
7 (2537 )
. .
2547
2547
2545
2545 -
2547
2543
2544
2544
2546 /
2545 /
2542
2549
2549
2549
-
2549 -
-
2547 5
2546 -
2549
-
2546
2547
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»310
6.3 (2542
)
. .
2545
2547
2547
2547 .
2548
2546
2547
-
2548
6.4 (2547
)
. .
2548
2548
-
2548
2549
2548
2548
2549
2549 .
2549
2549
2548
2548
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 311
2
. . 2539
200
( , 2539)
6
3
:
9
7
6.5 6.7
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»312
6.5
. . 2540
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 313
6.6
. . 2540
( )
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»314
6.7
. . 2540
-
(Survey study)
( )
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 315
3
1)
2)
3)
3
4
1) ( )
2)
3)
4)
10
( . . 2547-2551)
( 6.2) 2
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»316
. . 2551 . . 2555
6
3
2
4 1)
2)
3)
4)
10 . . 2550
9
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 317
(Empathy) (Okin & Reich,
1999)
I
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»318
(2536)
(2544)
(Parke, 2001) (Meta
Analysis) 94 . . 1980 2000
(Mahoney, et al.,
2001)
(Survey study)
( )
( )
3 1) 2)
3)
(Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, 613-614)
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 319
(Qualitative study)
4 1)
2)
3)
4)
(Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, 588-590)
2
5
“ ”
( ,
2549; , 2549)
( , 2545)
( , 2543)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»320
(Correlational
comparative study: CCS ) 3
(Experimental evaluative study: EES)
2 (Human resource
training :HRT) (Development
of at-risk population experiment : DRP) 2
(DRP)
:
. . 2547
8
( , 2531; 2544)
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 321
2-3
(Longitudinal study)
20 50
3 5
7 47
3 6 10-15
( , 2541 )
3 43
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»322
(Cognitive ability)
(Bioethics)
/
/
(Predictability)
(Controllability)
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 323
3
( , 2531; 2544)
8
4 1)
2) 3)
4)
8 3 4 8
(2547)
(2546)
4
( )
8
(
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»324
, )
( ,
2546) . (
, 2549) (
, 2549) ( , 2549)
( , 2548)
( , 2547)
/
(Magnusson & Endler, 1977; Tett & Burnett, 2003)
. . 2534
9
10 ( , 2540)
3
2
4
( ,
2548; , 2549; , 2547;
, 2549)
2548; æ√–¡À“ —≠≠“ «— ¥‘ω∏ ߧå, 2549; æ√–¡À“„® «π„ºà, 2547; æ√–¡À“™«≈‘µ
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°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“„Àâ¡“°¢÷Èπ ¡“∑”«‘®—¬‡™‘ß∑¥≈Õß æ∫«à“‰¥âº≈¥’µàÕ®‘µ·≈–惵‘°√√¡µ“¡
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 325
( , 2548)
( , 2546) 320
80
3 . . 2537
3 7 3
1)
2)
(1) (2)
3)
(EES)
(HRT)
(DRP)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»326
150
1) 2)
3)
1)
2) 3)
4)
5) Erikson (1968)
(
, 2541 ) 1)
2) 3)
3
1)
(EES) 2)
(HRT) 3)
1)
2)
4
“ ”
“ ” “ ”
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 327
“
” (Disease model)
21 ( . . 2000)
Positive psychology
model
(Seligman , 2000)
(Social
psychology) (Developmental psychology)
30
“ ” (Psycho-
behavioral science)
15
/
( , 2545)
/
( )
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»328
50
(Survey study)
3
(Survey study)
“ ”
“ ”
“ ”
“ ”
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 329
( , 2545)
(
) ( )
“Scared Straight”
. . 1970 1979
80% 90%
6 (Petrosino , 2003)
“Scared Straight”
(Control group)
“Scared Straight”
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»330
“Scared Straight”
“ ” (Panacea phenomenon)
(Finckenauer & Gavin, 1999 Petrosino , 2003)
Boot camp
252 16-18
22 6
( )
80%
(Weis , 2005) Boot camp
2
1)
2)
3)
4)
/
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 331
Nation (2003),
Weissberg (2003) (2548)
7
70%
“Head Start” (
, 2548)
( , )
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»332
Head start
/
( , 2546)
Fiedler (Bhanthumnavin, 1998;
, 2549, , 2549)
Reengineering
(Magnusson & Endler, 1977)
4
(Kumpfer & Alvarado,
2003 ; Greenberg, et al., 2003, , 2549; ,
2547; , 2549; , 2549)
( , 2541;
, 2543)
(Knowledge) / (Attitude) K-A-P Model
(Performance/Practice)
º≈°“√«‘®—¬„π “¢“®‘µæƒµ‘°√√¡»“ µ√åÀ≈“¬‡√◊ËÕß (‡™àπ ‡°…¡ ®—π∑√»√, 2541;
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 333
/
Head Start
3-5
Head Start
(Ryan,1974)
3 5
°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»334
25 (2526 ; 2544) ( 6.8)
6.8
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( . .) ( , 2529)
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( , 2536)
°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 335
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Han
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2549
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°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»342
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°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 343
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°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 345
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. ( ). (2541). : .
: ( Arbuthnot & Fraust (1981)
Teaching moral reasoning : Theory and practice. New York: Harper & Raw
Publisher).
. (2548).
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
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°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 355
. (2549).
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°“√ —߇§√“–Àåß“π«‘®—¬‡°’ˬ«°—∫§ÿ≥∏√√¡ ®√‘¬∏√√¡„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–µà“ߪ√–‡∑»358
( )
§≥–°√√¡°“√»Ÿπ¬å à߇ √‘¡·≈–æ—≤π“æ≈—ß·ºàπ¥‘π‡™‘ß§ÿ≥∏√√¡
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°“√ √ÿªº≈«‘®—¬‚¥¬√«¡ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– 359
§≥–ºŸâ®—¥∑”
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