Document5

Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Fakultät für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik

Modulhandbuch Chemical and Energy Engineering Wahlpflichtfächer

Modulhandbuch für den

Masterstudiengang

Chemical and Energy Engineering

- Wahlpflichtveranstaltungen -

Stand: 04.02.11 vorläufig



Course: Master Course


Module:

Process Control

Objectives

Students should

learn fundamentals of multivariable process control with special emphasis on decentralized control

gain the ability to apply the above mentioned methods for the control of single and multi unit processes

gain the ability to apply advanced software (MATLAB) for computer aided control system design

Contents

1. Introduction 2. Process control fundamentals

Mathematical models of processes

Control structures

Decentralized control and Relative gain analysis

Tuning of decentralized controllers

Control implementation issues 3. Case studies 4. Plantwide control

Teaching

Lecture and exercises/tutorials

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge in control theory

Workload: Lectures and tutorials:

2 hours/week – lecture

1 hour/week – exercise/tutorial Private studies

Post-processing of lectures, preparation of project work/report and exam

Examination/Credits:

- oral 4 CP and project report

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Kienle with Dr. Sommer as co-worker



Course:

Master Course Chemical and Energy Engineering

Module: Drying Technology

Objectives:

The students gain fundamental and exemplary deepened knowledge about the state of drying

technology. They learn to understand and calculate heat- and matter transport processes

proceeding the different drying processes. The most important types of dryers from industrial

applications will be explained and calculated exemplary for different drying processes. The aim

of the module is, to impart ready to use knowledge to the listeners about calculation of drying

processes and especially about their construction.

Contents

The ways of adhesion of the liquid to a commodity, capillary manner, ideal and real

sorption, sorptions isotherms

Characteristics of humid gases and their use for Nutzung für die convective drying

Theoretical handling of real dryers: single stage, multi stage, circulating air, inert gas

cycle, heat pump, exhaust vapor compression

Kinetics of drying, first and second drying section, diffusion on moist surfaces, Stefan-

and Ackermann correction, standardized drying process

Convecting drying at local and temporal changeable air conditions

Fluid bed drying with gas and overheated solvent vapor

Fluidized bed granulation drying and various control options of drying plants with and

without heat recovery

types, constructive design and calculation possibilities of selected types of dryers, such

as compartment dryers, fluidized bed dryers, conveying air dryers, drum dryers, spray

dryers, conveyor dryers, disk dryers et al.

Exemplary calculation and design of selected dryers

Teaching: lecture (presentation), examples, script, excursion in a drying plant, Literature: Krischer / Kröll/Kast: „Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen der Trocknungstechnik“ (tome 1) „Trockner und Trocknungsverfahren“ (tome 2), „Trocknen und Trockner in der Produktion“ (tome 3), Springer-Verlag 1989, H. Uhlemann, L. Mörl: „Wirbelschicht-Sprühgranulation“, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New-York 2000

Prerequisites:

Basics of process engineering

Workload: 3 SWS

Lectures: 42 hours

Private: 48 hours


- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturers: Prof. Tsotsas with Jun.-Prof. Metzger as co-worker



Course:


Module: Electrochemical Process Engineering

Objectives:

The lecture conveys physicochemical and engineering basics of electrochemical process engineering (EPE). In the first part fundamentals of EPE including electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, transport phenomena, current distribution and electrochemical reaction engineering will be discussed. In the second part typical applications of electrochemical technologies like electrolysis processes and electrochemical energy sources will be reviewed. Finally, electrochemical fundamentals of corrosion, as well as corrosion prevention and control will be explained. The lectures will be followed by experimental laboratory courses which should contribute to a better understanding of the theory part.

Contents:

Introduction (Fundamental laws, Figures of merit, Cell voltage)

Basics of electrochemistry (Ionic conductivity, Electrochemical thermodynamics, Double layer, Electrochemical kinetics)

Mass transport (Diffusion, Migration, Convection)

Current distribution (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)

Electrochemical reaction engineering ( Electrolyte, Electrodes, Separators, Reactors, Mode of operation)

Electrolysis (Chlor-alkali electrolysis, Organic electrosynthesis, Electroplating)

Electrochemical energy sources (Batteries, Supercapacitors) and Corrosion and its

control

Teaching: lectures (2 SWS), tutorials (1 SWS)

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge in chemistry and physical chemistry

Mass and heat transport

Chemical reaction engineering

Work load: 3 SWS

lectures and tutorials: 42 Stunden

private studies: 48 Stunden

Examinations / Credits:

- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Dr.-Ing. Vidaković / Prof. Sundmacher

Literature:

V. M. Schmidt, Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik, Grundlagen, Reaktionstechnik, Prozessoptimierung, Wiley-VCH GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2003, ISBN 3-527-29958-0.

K. Scott, Electrochemical Reaction Engineering, Academic Press Limited, 1991, ISBN 0-12-633330-0.

D. Pletcher, F. C. Walsh, Industrial Electrochemistry, 2nd Edition, Blackie Academic & Professional, Paperback edition, 1993, ISBN 0-7514-0148-X.



Course:


Module: Measurement of physical particle properties

Objectives:

• Theoretical fundamentals of experimental characterisation techniques for particle

characterisation are to be understood and applied,

• the instrumental realisation, experimental procedures and approaches for data evaluation

are to be understood and applied,

• problem solutions by efficient application of the particle characterisation techniques for

mechanical processes in the particle technology (product design) are to be developed

Contents:

Introduction, properties of particulate materials, particle size and particle size

distribution, characteristic parameters, particle shape, particle surface and packing,

Particle size and shape, image analysis, optical microscopy, TEM, SEM, light

scattering, laser diffraction, ultra sonic damping and ESA techniques, instruments,

Particle density, solid particle density, apparent density, bulk density, gas and powder

pycnometry, instruments, term porosity,

Specific surface area and porosity, surface structures of solid materials, pore and pore

size distribution, adsorption measurements, data evaluation, BET, BJH, Hg porosimetry,

instruments,

Electro-kinetic phenomena, fundamentals, electrochemical double layer, surface

potential, electrophoresis, Zeta potential, theories, instruments,

Particle adhesion, adhesion force measurements, atomic force measurements AFM,

centrifugal techniques, instruments, particle and agglomerate strength, particle breaking,

mechanolumineszenz,

Characterisation of particle packings, packing states, packing density, fundamentals

of flow behaviour of particulate solids, flow characteristics and parameters, measurement

of flow properties, translation and rotational shear cells, press shear cell,

Characterisation techniques for moving packings and beds, fundamentals, particle

movement in rotating apparatus, characterisation techniques,

Teaching: lecture

Prerequisites: Mechanical process engineering

Work load: 2 SWS

Lectures: 28 h

Private studies: 32 h

Examinations/Credits:

- M 3 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Tomas with Dr. Hintz as co-worker



Course: Master Course Chemical and Energy Engineering Module: Micro Process Engineering Objectives:

Basic understanding of all important physical and chemical phenomena relevant in microstructures

Real-life know-how and relevant methods for choice, evaluation and designing of microstructured process equipment

Adequate model representations for realistic and convenient design and simulation of microstructured process equipment

Contents: - Heat and mass transfer in microstructures - Safety and economic aspects of microstructured process equipment - Designing of micro heat exchangers, mixers and reactors - Role of surface/interfacial forces: Capillary effects and wetting - Design concepts of microstructured equipment, commercial realisations and suppliers - Process design and scale-up of microstructured process equipment - Real life experience: Design rules, Dos & Don’ts - Limitations of microstructured process equipment Teaching: Seminar-style lecture with group work (calculation examples etc.)

Prerequisites

Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, Chemical Reaction Eng. Also helpful: Process Systems Engineering, Process Dynamics. Work load: 3 SWS lecture incl. group work 39h lectures and tutorials 10h private studies Examinations / Credits Written (90 min.); If less than 20 participants: Oral examinations (30 min.) / 4 CP Responsible lecturer: Dr.-Ing. T. Schultz (Evonik Degussa GmbH) with Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Sundmacher as co-worker Supplemental literature:

W. Ehrfeld, V. Hessel, H. Löwe: Microreactors, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000

V. Hessel, S. Hardt, H. Löwe: Chemical Micro Process Engineering: Fundamentals, Modeling and Reactions, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004

V. Hessel, S. Hardt, H. Löwe: Chemical Micro Process Engineering: Processing, Applications and Plants, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004

W. Menz, J. Mohr, O. Paul: Microsystem Technology, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2001



Course:


Module: Modeling with population balances

Objectives:

Participants learn to:

characterize systems with density functions

model nucleation, growth and agglomeration

solve population balances (analytical solutions, momentum approaches, sectional models)

apply population balances to real problems

Contents:

The concept of population balances is one approach to describe the properties of disperse systems. By definition a disperse system is a population of individual particles, which are embedded in a continuous phase. These particles can have different properties (internal coordinates) such as size, shape or composition. The concept of population balances allows to predict the temporal change of the density distribution of the disperse phase. By heat, mass and momentum transfer between the disperse and the continuous phase and by interaction between individual particles of the disperse phase the density distribution of the particles will change. These mechanisms are characterized as population phenomena.

nucleation,

growth,

breakage and

agglomeration

:

Teaching: lectures and tutorials

Prerequisites:

Work load: 3 SWS

lectures and tutorials: 42 h

private studies: 48 h


- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Jun.-Prof. Peglow



Course:


Module: Modern organic synthesis

Objectives:

Constitutive to the basic knowledge of the „Chemistry“ module in this module the expertise for

development of strategy for complex synthesis will be procured. On example of chosen synthesis

the principles of total synthesis will be trained.

Contents:

Short overview reactivity, carbon hybrids, organic chemical basic reactions

Concept of the acyclic stereoselection on the example of Aldol reactions

Demonstration of the concept on the example of miscellaneous total synthesis of natural

products

Basics of metal organic chemistry

Vinyl silanes

Allyl silanes

:

Teaching: Lecture

Prerequisites: Module Chemistry

Work load: 2 SWS

lectures: 28 Stunden

private studiens: 32 Stunden


- M 3 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Schinzer



Course:


Module:

Molecular Modeling

Objectives:

The students acquire theoretical and practical knowledge on the principles and applications of different modeling approaches for discrete systems of particles, molecules and atoms on different time and length scales. They will be introduced to Monte Carlo methods, molecular dynamics and basic quantum mechanical modeling on different relevant practical applications of chemical engineering interest.

Contents:

Introduction to concepts and basics of molecular modeling

Basics of simulation tools for different time and length scales

Monte Carlo methods o Introduction o Equilibrium methods – Metropolis algorithm o Non-equilibrium methods – Kinetic Monte Carlo o Application to particle precipitation

Molecular Dynamics o Basics and Potentials o Algorithms: Verlet, Velocity Verlet, Leap-Frog o Application to diffusion and nucleation

Quantum Mechanics o Introduction o Force fields o Density function theory

Recent progress and modern software tools

Teaching:

Lecture and seminar

Prerequisites:

Basic knowledge on physics and chemistry and numerical methods

Workload:

- Lectures and seminar: weekly lecture (90 min),

bi-weekly computer lab seminar (90min)

- Suggested self study time: 48h per semester


Programming home work and oral exam / 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Dr. A. Voigt



Course:


Module: Nanoparticle technology

Objectives:

Students get to know main physical and chemical theories on nanoparticle formation and particle formation processes including important technical products. The lecture includes modern physical characterisation methods for nanoparticles as well as application examples for nanoparticles

Contents:

• Introduction into nanotechnology, definition of the term nanotechnology and nanoparticle, nanoparticles as a disperse system, properties, applications

• Thermodynamics of disperse systems, nucleation theory and particle growth, homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, nucleation rates, model of LaMer and Dinegar, Ostwald ripening, agglomeration

• Electrochemical properties of nanoparticle, surface structures, electrochemical double layer, models (Helmholtz, Gouy-Chapman, Stern), electrochemical potential, Zeta potential

• Stabilisation of disperse systems, sterical and electrostatic stabilisation, DLVO theory, van-der-Waals attraction, electrostatic repulsion, critical coagulation concentration, Schulze-Hardy rule, pH and electrolyte concentration

• Coagulation processes, coagulation kinetics, fast and slow coagulation, transport models, Smoluchowski theory, interaction potential, stability factor, structures

• Precipitation process, basics, precipitation in homogeneous phase, nucleation, particle growth, reaction processes, particle formation models, apparatuses (CDJP, T mixer), hydro thermal processes

• Precipitation in nano-compartments, principles, nano compartments, surfactant-water systems, structures, emulsions (micro, mini and macro), phase behaviour, particle formation, kinetic models

• Sol-Gel process, Stöber process, titania, reactions, stabilisation, morphology, pH, electrolyte, RLCA, RLMC, drying, gelation, aging, coating, thin films, ceramics

• Aerosol process, particle formation, gas-particle and particle-particle conversion, flame hydrolysis, Degussa and chlorine process, soot, spray pyrolysis

• Formation of polymer particles (latex particles), emulsion polymerisation, theory of Fikentscher and Harkins, perl polymerisation, latex particles

• Nanoparticles und and their application, technical products, silica, titania, soot, Stöber particles, nanoparticles in medicine and pharmaceutics, functionalised nanoparticles, diagnostics, carrier systems, magnetic nanoparticles and liquids,

• Characterisation of nanoparticles - particle sizing, TEM, SEM, light scattering, laser diffraction, theory (Rayleigh, Fraunhofer, Mie), ultra sonic and ESA technique, Instruments

• Characterisation of nanoparticles - Zeta potential determination, electrokinetic phenomena, electrophoresis, electro osmosis, streaming and sedimentation potential, electrophoretical mobility, Zeta potential, theories according to Smoluchowski, Hückel, Henry, electrophoretical mobility, instruments, PALS techniques

Teaching: lecture, tutorials, laboratory work (nanoparticle synthesis)



Prerequisites:

Work load 3 SWS

Lectures and tutorials 42 hours

Private studies: 48 hours


- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Tomas with Dr. Hintz as co-worker



Course:


Module: Parameter estimation in engineering

Objectives: In many situations, engineers need to estimate model parameters from experimental data. However, due to measurement error, the parameters cannot be obtained exactly, but only in terms of confidence intervals. The aim of the lecture is to provide engineers with mathematically correct methods for such parameter estimation. The necessary tools – like matrix analysis, random variables, probabilities and statistics – are supplied in the lecture. Several aspects of linear regression and non-linear parameter estimation are treated: hypothesis testing for parameter values; residual analysis for model testing; known and unknown measurement noise; constant and variable measurement error; sensitivity analysis and identifiability of parameters; Monte Carlo simulations of experiments to determine errors on estimates.

The theoretical tools are demonstrated in examples and exercises from heat and mass transfer

as well as chemical engineering. Several computer lab sessions help students to use MATLAB

for solving problems of parameter estimation.

Contents:

Introduction to random variables and probabilities

Estimators, confidence intervals and hypothesis testing

Matrix operations: determinant, inverse, diagonalisation, quadratic form

Linear parameter estimation: ordinary, weighted and total least squares

Linear parameter estimation: residual correlation, choice of model, maximum a posteriori

estimation, sequential estimation

Non-linear parameter estimation: Gauss-Newton iteration, identifiability, Monte Carlo

simulations, propagation of errors

Parameter estimation for non-analytical problems

Teaching:

Lecture, tutorial (exercises are presented by students), computer lab.

Prerequisites:

Basic knowledge of matrix analysis and probabilities and some experience in MATLAB would be

of advantage, but are not absolutely required.

Workload: 3 SWS

Lectures and tutorials: 42 hours



one exercise must be presented to the class / oral / 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Jun.-Prof. Metzger



Course:


Module: Population Dynamics of Chemical and Biological Systems

Objectives:

The students acquire the theoretical principles of population dynamics modelling and its application to a variation of process systems. Basic physical, chemical and biological phenomena are introduced and their fundamental relation to important population phenomena like nucleation, growth, agglomeration and breakage are highlighted and analysed. The introduction to global process modelling including material balancing and population dynamics will enable the students to understand , to model and to control technical processes for the production of disperse products.

Contents:

Introduction to populations: Fundamental principles and characterisation

Properties of distributions: Representation, functions, moments

Fundamentals of population balance equations and numerical solution methods

Crystallisation: Kinetics of nucleation, dissolutions and growth, model reductions

Emulsions: Coalescence and breakage kernels, droplet size distribution dynamics

Biological systems: Modelling virus replication in cells with discrete event methods

Measurement principles for population properties: photon correlation spectroscopy, laser

back reflection, electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence counters, flow

cytometry

Teaching:

2SW Lecture and 1SWS Seminar for practical applications

Prerequisites: Principals of process engineering and numerical methods

Work load: 3 SWS

Lectures and tutorials: 42 h


Examinations /Credits:

- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Dr. Voigt / Prof. Sundmacher

Literature:

Ramkrishna, D., Population Balances: Theory and Application to Particulate Systems in Engineering, Acad. Press, New York, 2000.

Mersmann, A., Ed., Crystallization Technology Handbook, 1. Edition, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995.

Takeo, M. Disperse Systems, Wiley-VCH, 1999.

Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J. 2002. Molecular biology of the cell. 4th ed. Garland Publishing, Inc.



Course:


Module: Process Engineering of Metals and Ceramics

Objectives:

Training of application of simultaneous heat transfer, mass transfer, reaction and combustion in

industrial processes.

Contents:

Manufacturing process of steel, basic reactions, handling of raw material

Thermal and chemical treatment of raw materials in shaft kilns and cupola furnaces

(reaction kinetics, heat and mass transfer, fluid dynamics)

Modeling of lime calcination as example

Thermal and chemical treatment of materials in rotary kilns

Manufacturing process of ceramics, shaping, drying, sintering

Thermal and chemical treatment of shaped material in roller kilns and tunnel kilns

Casting and shaping processes of metals (steel, copper, aluminium)

Teaching: Lectures with experiments and excursions

Prerequisites: Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer

Work load: 3 SWS


Private studiens: 48 h


- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Specht



Course:


Module: Product quality in the chemical industry

Objectives:

Understanding the ● Requirement profiles for products of the chemical and process industry ● Relation between structure and functionality of complex products ● Opportunities and methods for product design

Contents:

● Fundamentals of product design and product quality in the chemical industry (differences to

mechanical branches of industry, customer orientation, multi-dimensionality and complexity as opportunities for product design) ● Formulation and properties of granular materials (dustiness, fluidizability, storage, color and taste, pourability, adhesion and cohesion, bulk density, redispersibility, instantization etc.) ● Detergents (design by composition and structure, molecular fundamentals and forces, tensides and their properties, competitive aspects of quality, alternative design possibilities, production procedures) ● Solid catalysts (quality of active centres, function and design of catalyst carriers, catalyst efficiency, formulation, competitive aspects and solutions in the design of reactors, esp. of fixed bed reactors, remarks on adsorption processes) ● Drugs (quality of active substances and formulations, release kinetics and retard characteristics, coatings, microencapsulation, implants, further possibilities of formulation) ● Clean surfaces (the "Lotus Effect", its molecular background and its use, different ways of technical innovation) ● Short introduction to quality management after ISO in the chemical industry (block lecture and workshop by Mrs. Dr. Fruehauf, Dow Deutschland GmbH)

Teaching: Lectures / Exercises / Lab exercises / Workshop

Prerequisites

Work load: 3 SWS



Examinations /Credits:

- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Tsotsas



Course:


Module: Simulation of Particle Dynamics by Discrete Element Method (DEM)

Objectives:

• Recognition and analysis of problems with respect to particle dynamics (technological

diagnostics), • Understanding the fundamentals of particle dynamics and simulations, using this new

knowledge for modelling methods as well as model synthesis and to simulate technological and processing problems (technological therapy and software design),

• Development of problem solutions especially for mechanical processes by effective simulation algorithms (advanced process design) including improved functional design of machinery and apparatuses.

Contents

• Introduction, Discrete Element Method, basic ideas, Itasca-software, different program

versions and modules, software and programming levels, basic commands,

• Particle interactions and contact mechanics, 6 mechanical degrees of freedom,

decomposition of contact forces in normal and tangential components, rolling and

torsional moments, contact normal force as free oscillating undamped mass-spring

system, elastic spherical contact by Hertz theory,

• Discrete Element Method, forward calculations in incremental time steps, balances of

forces and moments, equations of movement of every primary particle, contact

interactions and solid bridge bondings, general particle and particle-wall interactions,

• Calculation examples (translation between two particles in contact as „two-ball“ toy

system), starting values, starting geometries, force calculations at begin, calculation of

particle velocities by first numerical integration of force balance, calculation of particle

positions by second numerical integration of force balance, selection of time steps,

incremental scaling of density, mechanical damping: loss (dissipation) of kinetic energy,

viscose damping,

• Exercises of simple calculations examples of powder storage and handling.

Teaching: lecture and exercises

Prerequisites: Mechanical Process Engineering, Mathematics

Work load 2 SWS

Lectures and tutorials 28 h



- M 3 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Tomas



Course:


Module: Storage and flow of particulate solids

Objectives:

• Problems, technical, economic and ecological conditions of storage and solid bulk

handling are to be understood and analysed (Process diagnostics), • Fundamentals and processes of storage and solid bulk handling are to be understood

and applied, processes and apparatus are to be design (Process design), • Problem solution by efficient combination of mechanical processes are to be designed

and developed (processing system design) • Unity of material properties, micro and macro processes, processing system and product

design are to be understood and used

Contents:

• Task and problems of silo or bunker plant,

• Introduction into mechanics of particulate solids, fundamentals of particle

mechanics, adhesion forces, flow characteristics of particulate solids, equations of axial-

symmetric and plane stress fields, flow criteria, powder test equipment and techniques,

flow parameters of cohesive particulate solids,

• Silo and bunker design for reliable flow, hopper design for core and mass flow,

minimal hopper outlet width and angle, discharge mass flow rate,

• Silo and bunker pressure calculation, shaft pressure, hopper pressure distributions,

wall thickness of concrete and metal sheet

• Design and selection of discharge aids,

• Design of discharge devices and selection of valves,

• Introduction into dosing,

• Introduction into design and selection of periphere equipment

Teaching: lecture, tutorials

Prerequisites: Mechanical process engineering, Mechanics

Work load: 3 SWS




- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Tomas



Course:


Module: Transport phenomena in granular, particulate and porous media

Objectives:

Dispersed solids find broad industrial application as raw materials (e.g. coal), products (e.g. plastic granulates) or auxiliaries (e.g. catalyst pellets). Solids are in this way involved in numerous important processes, e.g. regenerative heat transfer, adsorption, chromatography, drying, heterogeneous catalysis. To the most frequent forms of the dispersed solids belong fixed, agitated and fluidized beds. In the lecture the transport phenomena, i.e. momentum, heat and mass transfer, in such systems are discussed. It is shown, how physical fundamentals in combination with mathematical models and with intelligent laboratory experiments can be used for the design of processes and products, and for the dimensioning of the appropriate apparatuses. ● Master transport phenomena in granular, particulate and porous media ● Learn to design respective processes and products ● Learn to combine mathematical modelling with lab experiments -

Contents:

● Transport phenomena between single particles and a fluid ● Fixed beds: Porosity, distribution of velocity, fluid-solid transport phenomena Influence of flow maldistribution and axial dispersion on heat and mass transfer Fluidized beds: Structure, expansion, fluid-solid transport phenomena ● Mechanisms of heat transfer through gas-filled gaps ● Thermal conductivity of fixed beds without flow Axial and lateral heat and mass transfer in fixed beds with fluid flow ● Heat transfer from heating surfaces to static or agitated bulk materials ● Contact drying in vacuum and in presence of inert gas ● Heat transfer between fluidized beds and immersed heating elements

Teaching: Lectures / Exercises

Prerequisites:

Work load: 3 SWS




- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Tsotsas



Course:


Module: Technical Crystallization

Objectives

Crystallization is a separation method which belongs to the thermal separation processes. Goal

of crystallization is the production of a pure solid crystalline phase which is usually further utilized

as intermediate or end product. Typical tasks for crystallization are separation of mixtures,

purification of solutions, recovery of solvents etc. Single crystal as well as mass crystallization

methods are nowadays well established.

In order to gain deeper insights into this old but up to now not completely understood process,

knowledge from several disciplines (thermodynamics, chemistry, physics, reaction engineering,

thermal and mechanical engineering, fluid dynamics, crystallography, mathematics) is

indispensable. Therefore, crystallization is a prime example for an interdisciplinary research field.

Based on the fundamentals for crystallization selected innovative examples from research and

industry will be presented and discussed during this course.

Contents

1. Introduction

Short introduction of aspects presented within this lecture

System characteristics (solubility, driving force, metastable zone width MZW)

Types of crystallization processes (solution crystallization, evaporative crystallization,

melt crystallization)

Precipitation

2. Physical-Chemical Foundations

Thermodynamical aspects (solubilities, phase equilibria, influence of temperature, pH

value, impurities etc.)

Kinetic aspects (metastable zone width MZW; crystal growth, crystal dissolution;

primary & secondary nucleation; agglomeration; attrition; ripening processes)

3. Selected Measuring Techniques

Characterization of the liquid phase (density, viscometry, refractometry, ultra sonic,

polarimetry etc.)

Charakterization of the solid phase (microscopy, fibre sensors, laser diffractometry,

FBRM etc.)

4. Crystallographic Fundamentals

Crystal habitus, morphology (Miller index, crystal systems), polymorphism

5. Particle Size Distribution

Crystal size distribution (types of distribution, moments of distributions)

Particle characterization (sedimentation, microscopy, optical methods, laser diffraction,

focused beam reflectance measurement FBRM)

6. Mathematical Description of Crystallization Processes



Modeling & simulation of crystallization processes (batch- & continuous crystallization)

Optimization of crystallization processes

7. Examples from Industry & Research

Industrial crystallization (application fields, types of crystallizers etc.)

Crystallization as separation method for the manufacture of pure enantiomers

Teaching: Lectures and tutorials

Prerequisites: Thermodynamics, reaction engineering, chemistry, mathematical background

Work load: 3 SWS




- M 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Dr. Elsner

Literature:

- Atkins, P.W. (2004): Physikalische Chemie, 3. Auflage, Wiley-VCH Weinheim

- Gmehling, J.; Brehm, A. (1996): Grundoperationen. Lehrbuch der Technischen

Chemie, Band 2, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York

- Mullin, J.W. (1997): Crystallization, 3rd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann Oxford

- Mersmann, A. (2001): Crystallization technology handbook, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker

Inc. New York

- Vauck, W.R.A., Müller, H.A. (1994): Grundoperationen chemischer Verfahrenstechnik,

10. Aufl., Dt. Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie Leipzig

- Hofmann, G. (2004): Kristallisation in der industriellen Praxis, Wiley-VCH Weinheim



Course:


Module:

Biofuels – Sustainable Production and Utilisation

Objectives: The lecture will give an overview of the conversion of biomass to various fuels. The

biomass resources, the production processes as well as their energetic, economical and

ecological aspects will be declared. The principles of the sustainability and life cycle assessment

(well-to-wheel) for the production and utilization of biofuels will be presented.

Contents

1. Renewable biomass sources in comparison to fossil sources 2. Biomass feedstock and intermediates 3. Biofuels (Ethanol, FAME, FT-Fuels, biogas, methanol, hydrogen)

Properties, utilization, comparison to fossil fuels 4. Production Processes

Ethanol production routes (conventional – lignocellulosic)

Biodiesel: Transesterification and hydrogenation

Thermochemical conversion: Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis

Fischer-Tropsch process for biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) conversion

Algae utilisation for biofuel production (hydrogen and liquid fuel)

Production costs and relation to GHG Emissions

5. Sustainability of biofuel production and utilisation

Principles of LCA and case studies for biofuel production

Teaching Lectures Private studies: literature research with the university library on-line database system and a preparation of a literature survey for actual subject in the field.

Prerequisites

Basic courses of chemistry and chemical engineering (Bachelor level)

Workload:

Lectures: 2 SWS

Private studies: 1 SWS (literature survey)


- oral examination / 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Dr. Techn. L. Rihko-Struckmann, MPI Magdeburg

Tel: 0391-6110 318 , email: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Course:


Module: Challenge Climate Change

Objectives:

The students should be able to understand the problems and scenarios for global warming and

control of CO2 emissions

Contents:

Mechanism of global warming: sun radiation, air circulation in atmosphere, rain, flow of oceans, climate

Modelling of heat transfer, radiation between earth and clouds, influence of radiative gases, calculation of earth temperature in dependence on CO2-concentration, adsorption of CO2 in oceans

Developing of world energy consumption, scenarios of global warming

Energy consumption in private households, traffic, industry, trade

Concepts of lowering CO2-emissions, possibility to improve efficiency, concepts of CO2 capture and storage

Ecological balances, energy for supply and production of fuels and energy, problems of allocation, impact of emissions, examples for waste water pipes, comparison of energy consumption for the production of different materials

Teaching: Lectures with Seminars

Prerequisites: Heat and Mass Transfer, Thermodynamics

Work load: 2 SWS


Private studies:


- M 3 CP




Course: Master Course


Module: Computational Fluid Dynamics

Objectives

Students participating in this course will get both a solid theoretical knowledge of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as well as a practical experience of problem-solving on the computer. Best-practice guidelines for CFD are discussed extensively. CFD-code properties and structure are described and the students first realize the own, simple CFD-code, before considering different existing industrial codes with advantages and drawbacks. At the end of the module, the students are able to use CFD in an autonomous manner for solving a realistic test-case, including a critical check of the obtained solution.

Contents 1. Introduction and organization. Historical development of CFD. Importance of CFD. Main

methods (finite-differences, -volumes, -elements) for discretization. 2. Vector- and parallel computing. Introduction to Linux, main instructions, account

structuration, FTP transfer. 3. How to use supercomputers, optimal computing loop, validation procedure, Best Practice

Guidelines. Detailed introduction to Matlab, presentation and practical use of all main instructions.

4. Linear systems of equations. Iterative solution methods. Examples and applications. Tridiagonal systems. ADI methods. Realization of a Matlab-Script for the solution of a simple flow in a cavity (Poisson equation), with Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions.

5. Practical solution of unsteady problems. Explicit and implicit methods. Stability considerations. CFL and Fourier criteria. Choice of convergence criteria and tests. Grid independency. Impact on the solution.

6. Introduction to finite elements on the basis of Femlab. Introduction to Femlab and practical use based on a simple example.

7. Carrying out CFD: CAD, grid generation and solution. Importance of gridding. Best Practice (ERCOFTAC). Introduction to Gambit, production of CAD-data and grids. Grid quality. Production of simple and complex (3D burner) grids.

8. Physical models available in Fluent. Importance of these models for obtaining a good solution. Introduction to Fluent. Practical solution using Fluent. Influence of grid and convergence criteria. First- and second-order discretization. Grid-dependency.

9. Properties and computation of turbulent flows. Turbulence modeling, k- models, Reynolds-Stress-models. Research methods (LES, DNS). Use of Fluent to compute a turbulent flow behind a backward-facing step, using best practice instructions. Comparison with experiments. Limits of CFD.

10. Non-newtonian flows, importance and computation. Use of Fluent to compute a problem involving a non-newtonian flow (medical application), using best practice guidelines. Analysis of results. Limits of CFD.

11. Multi-phase flows, importance and computation. Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches. Modeling multi-phase flows. Use of Fluent to compute expansion of solid particles in an industrial furnace, using best practice guidelines. Comparison with experiments. Limits of CFD.

12.-14. Summary of the lectures. Short theoretical questionnaire. Dispatching subjects for the final CFD-project, begin of work under supervision. Students work on their project during the last weeks, using also free time. In the second half of the last lecture, oral presentations by the students of the results they have obtained for their project, with intensive questions concerning methods and results.

Teaching



Lecture and hands-on on the computer

Prerequisites

Fluid Dynamics

Workload: 3 SWS




Written and oral 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Dr. G. Janiga with Prof. D. Thévenin as co-worker



Course:


Module:

Fuel Cell Technology

Objectives: The lecture gives an introduction to the basic principle, technical issues and future developments of fuel cells. The theoretical part covers aspects on electrochemical thermodynamics, electrochemical reaction kinetics, mass transport and modeling of fuel cells. The technical part covers the different types of fuel cells and their current applications, fuel processing and experimental methods.

Contents:

- Introduction to fuel cells, types of fuel cells and historical aspects

- Electrochemistry basics; double layer phenomena, electrochemical equilibrium,

reaction kinetics, efficiencies

- Mass and energy transport in porous structures

- Modeling of fuel cells

- Experimental methods; equipment and methods, laboratory

- Fuel processing; fuels, handling and production of hydrogen

- Fuel cell systems

Teaching:

Lecture and Tutorial

Prerequisites:

Basic knowledge on thermodynamics, reaction engineering and mass transport is advantageous.

Workload:

- Lectures and tutorials: Full-time block seminar (5 days, Monday-Friday)

- Private studies: 1h per lecture day


Oral exam/4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Dr. R. Hanke-Rauschenbach with Prof. K. Sundmacher as co-worker



Course:


Module:

Functional materials for energy storage

Objectives:

The course starts with a short analysis of the imperative of energy storage in general followed by

a classification of storage methods related to the different kinds of energy (thermal, electrical,

chemical). The main storage technologies are described and the materials requirements are

analyzed.

Special focus lies on modern trends in research and application.

Content:

1. Thermal energy

Temperature ranges of energy storage and temperature lift between heat source and

demand,

sensible, latent, adsorption and absorption heat; basics,

differences between short term, long term and seasonal storage,

materials: solid systems, liquid systems

selected applications

2. Electrical energy

Accumulators and batteries: overview, kinds and application fields

gravimetric and volumetric storage density

standard potential, dependence on system temperature and concentration of the reactants

Nernst equation of particular Systems

loading-/deloading kinetics; thermal stress; dimensioning

working systems

super caps: working principle

3. Chemical energy hydrogen, production by electrolysis, storage

Adam / Eva-process

4. Compressed air storage locations, potential, work principles

5. Fly wheels fast and slow, potential, work principles

6. Others e.g. pump storage plant

Teaching:

Lecture

Tutorial

Prerequisites:

None

Workload:

Lecture and tutorials: 3 SWS, (2 lecture, 1 tutorial)

Regular Study: 42 h

Private Study: 78 h


Written 90 min, 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Dr. F. Scheffler



Course: Master Course Chemical and Energy Engineering Module: Modelling and analysis of energy processes

Objectives Students learn to use modelling and simulation as tools to get more insight into energy systems. In a first step, the physicochemical fundamentals of various renewable and conventional power plants are discussed; subsequently the single process steps are discussed in detail. Lectures are accompanied by modelling and simulation exercises to the various topics. In this way, students learn to combine the knowledge on simulation and the various processes to model and simulate new processes on their own.

Contents

Energy processes

Mass and energy balances in energy processes

Reaction engineering of energy processes

Heat and mass transfer

Compression/expansion

Analysis of energy systems

Teaching Lecture, 2 SWS Exercises, 1 SWS

Prerequisites Fundamentals in programming, thermodynamics, physics and chemistry

Workload: Lectures and tutorials: 42 h


Examination/Credits: -Written or project work / 4 CP Responsible lecturer: Jun.-Prof. Ulrike Krewer



Course:


Module: Modelling and simulation of energy generation systems

Objectives:

Acquisition of the ability to develop and apply methods of simulation for technical systems in

energy generation, interconnected power-grids, and environmental loads

Content:

Resources, interconnected power grid and environmental protection

Oil field capacities according to Hubbert

Short description of technical equipment for converting primary energy into electricity: o Steam cycle o Gas turbine cycle, o Gas and steam turbine cycle o Water energy o Nuclear energy o Solar energy o Solar thermal power plants o Photovoltaic energy conversion o Wind energy o Biomass o Fuel cells

Stochastic modelling of an interconnected grid of three wind turbines

Thermoshock in a feedwater line

Water hammer

Modelling of a coal-fired plant

Modelling of a gas and steam turbine plant

Modelling of solar heating and warm water supply

Availability of a coal-fired plant

Cost optimal composition of an interconnected power-grid using dynamic programming

Risik comparison and determination of minimal risk for an interconnected power-grid (Lagrange multiplyer)

Energy comsumption of a car

Modelling of a self-sustained electricity supply based on renewable energies

Numerous models with analytical solutions or numerical solutions using FORTRAN programs

are presented

Teaching approach: Lecture with an overwhelming part of problem presentation

Pre-requisites: Ordinary and partial differential eqiuations, stochastics, thermo and fluid

dynamics

Work load: 2 SWS

Präsenzzeit: 28

Selbststudium:14


oral 3 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Hauptmanns



Course:


Module: Portable und autarke Energiesysteme

Objectives

Students get an insight into the technology for portable and autonomous energy systems,

starting from basic fundamentals and ending at technical systems and their operation. Besides

widely established technologies such as batteries, the lecture covers also fuel cells, supercaps

and energy harvesting.

Contents

Introduction and definitions

Electrochemistry

Batteries

Supercaps

Fuel cells

Energy harvesting

Teaching Lecture, 2 SWS

Prerequisites

Fundamentals in physics and chemistry

Workload:


:Private studies: 56 h


-Oral 3 CP

Responsible lecturer: Jun.-Prof. Ulrike Krewer



Clean up of Contaminated sites

Course: Master Course Chemical and Energy Engineering Module: Environmental air cleaning Objectives

Recognize and learn to analyze the framework of environmental engineering as well as the sources and consequences of air pollution

Understand the principles of mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological processes of exhaust gas treatment, learn to design such processes and the respective equipment

Learn to develop solutions for the prevention of air pollution by efficient combination of mechanical, thermal, chemical and biological processes

Contents

1. Terms of environmental engineering, legal and economic frame 2. Types, sources, amount and impact of pollutants in exhaust gases 3. Typical separation processes and process combinations for the removal of

pollutants from gases 4. Principles of dust removal, assessment of process efficiency and gas purity,

process and equipment examples: inertial separators, wet separators, particle and dust filters, electrical separators

5. Removal of gaseous pollutants by condensation, absorption, reactive absorption 6. Removal of gaseous pollutants by adsorption, membranes, biological processes 7. Thermal and catalytic post-combustion

Teaching Lecture

Tutorial

Prerequisites

Workload: Lectures and tutorials: 42 hours


Examination/Credits: -Written / 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Tsotsas with Dr. rer. nat. W. Hintz as co-worker



Course: Master Course Chemical and Energy Engineering Module: Environmental Biotechnology Objectives: The students achieve a deeper understanding in microbiological fundamentals. They are able to characterize the industrial processes of the biological waste gas and biogenic waste treatment and the corresponding reactors and plants. They know the fundamentals of the reactor and plant design. They realise the potential of biotechnological processes for more sustainable industrial processes.

Contents: Biological Fundamentals (structure and function of cells, energy metabolism,

turnover/degradation of environmental pollutants) Biological Waste Gas Treatment (Biofilters, Bioscrubbers, Trickle Bed Reactors) Biological Treatment of Wastes (Composting, Anaerobic Digestion) Bioremediation of Soil and Groundwater Prospects of Biotechnological Processes – Benefits for the Environment

: Teaching: Lectures/Presentation, script, company visit

Prerequisites:

Work load: 2 SWS Lectures and tutorials: 28 h


Examinations/Credits: - Oral 3 CP Responsible lecturer: Dr. Haida /Dr. Grammel



Course:


Module: Recycling and Mechanical Waste Treatment

Objectives (competences):

• Data acquisition and analysis of sources of solid waste materials, like municipal solid waste (MSW), building rubble, metal and electronic scraps, plastics waste, including analysis of economic and technological problems of environmental engineering and recycling technologies under abidance of legal frameworks

• Understanding and proper treatment of statistically distributed material properties of solid waste materials and minerals (analysis) to improve recycling product quality (recycling product design)

• Learning of thorough problem analysis (diagnose) of waste material and mineral processing and conversions to develop appropriate problem solutions (process design)

• Development and consolidation of creative skills in design and evaluation of complex recycling processes (process and plant design)

Content:

• Fundamentals of mineral processing and recycling technology, principles of

environmental policy and legal frameworks, complex material circuits and sustainable

technologies

• Physical basics in characterisation of solid waste materials, waste accumulation and

material properties, sampling, fundamentals of particle interactions and transport,

• Liberation of valuables by comminution, stressing conditions, comminution machines

for waste with ductile material behaviour, shear crusher and shredders,

• Classification of waste, fundamentals, processes and classifiers,

• Sorting of waste, fundamentals, microprocesses, processes and separation machines

(density, magnetic, electrostatic separators, flotation, automatic sorting),

• Design of recycling processes and plants, post-consumer waste, building rubble,

metal and electronic scraps, plastics and industrial waste for reuse

Teaching: Lectures, tutorials with oral presentations and practical tutorials (aerosorting, flotation)

Prerequisites: Mechanical Process Engineering

Workload:

Lectures and tutorials: 42 h, private studies: 48 h

Examination/Credits: - oral examination - 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Jürgen Tomas



Control of Industrial Toxic Metal Emissions

Course:


Module: Thermal Waste Treatment/Air Pollution Control

Objectives:

The students should be able to use residues as fuel in industrial processes, to incinerate waste

and to apply the techniques to minimize the air pollution.

Contents:

Characterization and composition of residues and waste

Classifying and separation of residues and waste

Thermal decomposition of organic materials, problems and specialities in combustion of

residues, halogens, condensates, corrosion

Firings (swirl combustion chambers, stoker firings, rotary kilns, blast furnaces, tunnel

kilns), examples for usage in cement and in brick production

CO2 Emissions, potentials, concepts, capture and storage

Mechanism of NO emissions (thermal, prompt, fuel NO), methods of reduction (lowering

of temperature, flue gas recirculation, staged combustion)

Desulfurization (hot, cold, wet methods), soot, hydrocarbons

Teaching: Lectures with examples and excursions

Prerequisites: Combustion Engineering, Verbrennungstechnik

Work load: 2 SWS




- Oral 3 CP




Course:


Module: Waste water treatment

Objectives:

The students are able to characterize the state of the art in waste water treatment (focused on

municipal waste water) and sewage sludge treatment, utilization or disposal corresponding to the

European and German ecolaws. They have basic knowledge of the design of the technical

equipment.

Contents:

Wastewater: Composition, Characterization

Mechanical Treatment (screens, grit chambers, sedimentation tanks)

Biological Treatment

Activated sludge, biofilms, aerobic/anaerobic conversion of organics,

nitrification/denitrification, phosphorus removal

Activated Sludge Plants, Biofilm Systems

Wastewater Lagoons, Constructed Wetlands

Chemical and Physical processes, Membranes

Reactors for anaerobic treatment

Sludge Treatment: Typical process sequences for utilization or disposal

Teaching: Lecture, Calculation examples, Company visit

Prerequisites:

Process engineering fundamentals

Work load: 2 SWS




- Oral 3 CP

Responsible lecturer: Dr. Haida



Pollution Prevention – Principles and Technologies

Course:


Module: Engineering Risks-Consequences of accidents in industries

Objectives:

Ability to quantitatively assess the consequences of accidents in process plants.

Content:

Concept of risk

leak formation and frequency determination

discharge from tanks and pipes of liquids, gases and two-phase

airborne and heavier-than-air atmospheric dispersion

jets

tank rupture

fires, sources of ignition

self heating

explosions

BLEVE

toxic releases

effects of heat, pressure and toxicity on man

damage from missiles

modelling of evacuation

risk assessment for a pipeline

:

Teaching: Class lectures and tutorial exercises

Pre-requisites: thermo and fluid dynamics

Work load: 3 SWS




Written 4 CP

Responsible lecturer: Prof. Hauptmanns



Course:


Module: Modelling and simulation in industrial safety I + II

Objectives:

Participants acquire the ability to formulate models in plant safety and to develop the

corresponding analytical or numerical models to solve them. In addition, they learn to use

some of the commercial programs in the field.

Contents:

Introduction to FORTRAN and VBA

Discharge of hazardous materials

Fault tree analysis using Monte Carlo

Commercial programs for analyzing accident consequences

Uncertainties in engineering calculations

Entrainment of a tree trunk by a river

Determination of the time required for dumping the contents of a reactor

Self-heating

Dynamic simulation of a reactor for producing trichlorophenol (including cooling failure)

Catalytic conversion of heptanes to toluene

Incipient fault detection using neural networks.

Stability of non-linear systems

Determination of boundary conditions for emergency trips

Non-stationary and stationary calculation of a heat exchanger

:

Teaching: Lecture and integrated tutorial

Pre-requisites: ordinary and partial differential equations, ordinary non-linear differential

equations

Work load: 2 SWS + 1SWS




Written 4 CP

Responsible lecturers: Prof. Hauptmanns with Dipl.-Inf. Bernhardt and Dr.-Ing. Gabel as co-

worker



Course:


Module: Safety aspects of chemical reactions

Objectives

Chemical reactions might cause hazards if they proceed without control. A runaway reaction may occur which ends in a blow-off of a reactor top and an emission of reactants and products, possibly followed by a gas explosion. Important is a thorough risk analysis if exothermally reacting chemicals are involved. Exothermic reactions can be quantified using different caloric and kinetic properties. To evaluate how safe a chemical reaction can be performed in a certain process or environment the following two areas will be discussed:

analysis of underlying chemistry

analysis of technical implementation and process conditions

determination of relevant physical & chemical properties

Contents

General aspects related to chemical reactions

Causes for hazardous situations, examples of incidents – safety analysis

Basics of chemical reaction engineering

Analysis of a continuous stirred tank reactor

Stability and dynamics

Relevant data and experimental methods, eg. Thermogravimetry and DSC

Determination of save operation mode

Teaching: Lecture / Tutorials

Prerequisites: Chemistry

Work load: 1 SWS




written 1 CP

Responsible lecturers: Prof. Seidel-Morgenstern with Dr. Hamel as co-worker

Literature:

-Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1972

-Steinbach, Safety assessment of chemical process, VCH, Weinheim, 1999

-Westerterp, van Swaaij, Beenackers, Chemical reactor design and operations, Wiley, 1984

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