1

Ø top fuav;E S p f a<mu f ×Ø top fuav;E S p f a<mu f ×Ø top fuav;E S p f a<mu f ×Ø top fuav;E S p f a<mu f ×Ø top fuav;E S p f a<mu f ×

tcef;(1)

<aehonfausm fausm frif ;twGuf tvkyfwpfc kt_yD ;owf7rnf h

aeh? ØypPnf;× ud ktyf_yD;ygu| olhtwGufxd kufoif haiGaju;rs d K ;rs d K ; _ruf

_ruf7@S drnf? xd kaiGrsm;_zif hoH k ;av;vavmufawmh Zdrfc Htem;<lvd kuf

rnf? _yD;awmhrS t_cm;ae7mwpfae7mwGifc Gi fopfcsum ypPnf;topf

xyf@Sm7rnf? ausmfausmfrif;twGufawmh ØypPnf;× onfodyfr@Sm;vS

yg? awmuÈrf;ItrJvd kufynmwGifvdr Rmaomrkqd k ;wpfa<muftae_zif h

om;aumifrsm;r@ Sm;ouJ hod k h Ttvky fudp Pr sm;wGi ftxmusuÈr f ;usi f

_y D ; ynmom;vnf ;aumi f ;aumi f ;wwfaomausm fausm fri f ;twGuf

ØypPnf;× awGuodyfcufcufcJc J@ SmazGzefwD;p7myifrvd k? ol htvd kvd kyif

7vmwwfwmawG @S daeonf? onfhaehtyf7rnfhypPnf;_zpfaom Øa':

oef;oef; _r× ud ky Jjunf h? ausm fausm fri f ;tae_zif htaxGtxl;juHpnf

tm;xkwfumcGi fc saep7myifrvd ky J ol htxmESi f holtqifa_ytvky f _zp f

c J h7onf? _yD ;awmha_ym7rnfqd kv#i f ausm fausm fri f ;ze fwD;I7@S donf h

ypPnf;rsm;xJwGif t_zdK;qH k ; | tacsmarmtawmif hwif;qH k ;?

ausmfausmfrif;>tvkyfud k Øumrrkqd k ;tvkyf× [kqd kE d li fonf?

aqmifjum_rd Ki fZ dr fee f ;rsm;twGuf Øtopfuav;rsm;× @SmazGus H K ;oGi f ;

um ay;tyfa7mif;csonfhtvkyf_zpfonf? ausmfausmfrif;>tvkyf@ Si f

u udkbwif?

2

ud kbwifonftquftoG<faumi f ;onf? r d ku faoG ;@ S donf?

t_cm;aomZdrfacgif;awGvd k vlrd kuf fvuf@k H ;rsm;xm;I vlwGifus<fvkyf

aeolr[kwf? ud k<fwd ki fuvlrd kuf_zpfonf? vuf7Jonf? vd ktyfv#if

ud k<fwd ki f0ifus Jwwfonf? ØypPnf;× aumif;aumif;oef hoef hrsm;ud kom

ud ki faomajumif h taysmfvd kufpm;olrsm;>todki f;t0d ki f ;wGif ud kbwif

r Sm tawmfud kemrnfjuD ;onf? ud kbwif>aqmi fjum_r d Ki ftwGuf

yp Pnf ;aumi f ;aumi f ;oe f hoe f hr sm;7@ S da7;wGi f ausm fausm fri f ;r Smtxl;

tm;xm;7aom Øumrrkqd k ; × wpfa<muf_zp fonf? 'gajumif hvnf;

ud kbwifuausm fausm fri f ;ud ktawmfrsufE Smomay;um 7uf7ufa7m

a7mvnf;ay;urf;cs D ; Õrif hxm;avonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;onftouf(18)ESp fce f h@ S donf? @Sr f ;E Si f hye fcsmy D

u_ym;av;? ausmif ;aumif;p GmraecJ h7aomfvnf; pma7;pmzwfawmh

uÈrf;usifwwfa_rmufonf? vl7nfvnf;vnfonf? @ky fa_zmif honf?

t7yf_rif h _y D; ud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfuawmhcyfoG<foG<fyif? uspfvpf_yD;

oefrmonf? t@G<fE Si f hrvd kufatmifb0tawG htjuH Kuawmh pH kav

onf? umrrSKa7;7mudpPrsm;wGif vdrRmuÈrf;usifonf? tvdk;aumif;

onf? rde f ;rawGp G Jrufaeatmifud k vd k ;E d li fonf? ausm fausm fri f ;>

txl; _cm;qH k ;aomqG Jaqmifr S Kr Sm @k d ;om;at;aq;aom@ky f7nfoGi f _yi f

trlt7m@S daerS Kyif_zpfonf? rdef;rawGud kr7t7 Øzef× um udkbwi

f>Zdr fee f ;od k haju;juD;juD;E Si f ha7mi f ;pm;aeonf humrrkqd k ;tvky fud kvky f

aeaomfvnf; ausmfausmfrif;onf Øjum@kyf× rs d K ;r@S d? bmud kr#rod

3

em;rvnfaom at;aq;@ k d ;om;onf hvli<fav;wpfa<muf>t_yp f

uif;aom toGift_yiftrlt7mrs d K ;om@S daewwfonf? 'guwrifvkyf

<lwmvnf;r[kwf? olhyifud k<f@kyfoGifr lr Se ftrlt7m_zpfonf? @kyfav;

uvnf;tawm fac smay7m ausm fausm fri f ;u d k _ri fr daomr de f ;rr sm ;r Sm

csp fci fjuifemoem;onf hp dwfawG tenf;E Si f htrsm;uawmhay:vmwwf

juonf? ausm fausm fri f ;uvnf;ci fri fatmi f | juifemoem;atmi f

a _ymqd kwwfonf? r de f ;rr sm ;tjud Ku fud ko dum tus d K ;aqmi fv ky f

aqmifay;wwfonf? ausmfausmfrif;ud kcifrifjuifemum Øus× oGm;

rdonfhr de f ;rrsm;rSm ud kbwif>Zdrfeef;ok d h a7muf@S dju7onfom_zpfay

onf?

a':oef;oef;_rESi f hausmfausmfrif;wd k hawG hqH kum Ø_zpf× oGm;ju

onfuawmh 0wÔKawmfawmfqefonf? ausm fausm fri f ;tae_zif hc Gi fcs

um zefwD;<l7rS Krs d K ;r[kwf? tajumif;wd kufqd ki fp GmqH kpnf;r dju_cif;

_zpfonf?

a':oef ;oef ; _ronftouf(27)E Sp fce f h@ S donf? r÷av;wGi fae

xd ki faomw@kwfu_ym;r? t7yftarmif;aumif;onf? vH k;juD;aygufvS

_zL_zLacsmacsm? @kyf7nfuawmhodyftacsmpm;juD;r[kwf? tawmfav;

awm h junf hay sm f@ S Kay sm f@ S donf? a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>aqGr s d K ;r dbawGu

csrf;omjuG<f0onf? a@S;vnf;qefonf? a':oef;oef;_rrSmi<fpOfu

yifA d ki f ;aumif;ausmufzdaevmcJ h7ay7m âa_ê@S d _y D ; t@Suftajumuf

4

vnf;juD;onf? <cktouft@G<ftxd7nf;pm;yifr@S dao;? wu<fh

tys d K juD ;pp fpp f ? a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronfbG J h7 _y D ;aemuf(ai Gaju;twGuf

r[kwfy Jvl@ k dao@Si f@ k dao_zp fap7ef)txufwef; _yq7mrt_zpfvky fud ki f

aeonf? <ckaEG7moDausmif ;y dwf7ufwGi fa':oef;oef; _ronft~Fvdy f

pum;a_ymE Si f hu Ge fy s Lwmoi fwe f ;wuf7e f 7e fu ke fo d k hqi f ;vmonf?

7e fuke fwGi faqGr s d K ;r sm ;@ S daom fvnf; r dr dbmomvGwfvGwfvyfvyfae

xk di fpmusufvd kaomajumif h vrf;(20)@S dwnf;cd kaqmifwpfckwGif tcef;

wp f c e f ; i S m ;um aex d k i f c J hon f ? wp f c k aomwe~ F a E G a e hw G i f |

'~ k e f _r d K hop fa _rmu fy d k i f ;@ S dwuUo d kv fw Gi f twlausmi f ;wufc J h aom

rdwfaqGq7mrwpfa<mufxHtvnftywfoGm;7if;t_yefwGi f a':oef;

oe f ; _rp D ;vmaombwfp fum;vrf ;c kvyfwGi fy sufoGm;c J h7m naevnf;

tawm fapmi f ;aec s d e f r d k h a':oe f ;oe f ; _rwp fa<mufti Sm ;um;vnf ;

tvG<fwuliSm;r7yJtcuftcJawG haecs de fwGi f ausmfausm frif;E Si f hawG hc J h

um ulnDay;cJ h7mrS ausmfausmfrif;E Si f ha':oef;oef;_rwd k hcifrifc J h7av

onf? ausmfausm frif ;uol hud k<fol rdbrsm;@ kwfw7ufuG<fvGe foGm;

aomajumif h @Sp fwef;r Sausmif;xGufum b0udkjudK;pm;@ke f ;uefae7if;

<ck'~ ke f _r d K hopfr Saqmufvufptdr fwpfc kwGi f tapmif hvky fae7olwpf

a<muf[k a_ym_yxm;cJ honf?

TonfrSmZmwfvrf;qifuma_ymrS Kawmhr[kwfyg? xd ktcs de fu

ausmfausmfrif;onfwu<fyif'~ke f _r d K hopf>t_yD;owf7_cif;r@S dao;aom

tdrfwpfckwGifaexd ki fv#uf@S daeonf? 'gayr<fhtdrfapmif hawmhr[kwfyg?

5

tvkyfwpfc k _y D ; _ywf_y D ;aemuf rdr dbmomat;at;aq;aq;wpfa<muf

wnf;aevd kI vmae_cif;_zpfonf? xdkod k haexd ki fr S Ktay:oHo<r_zpfap

7ef junfhaumif;atmifa_ymcJ h _cif;om_zpfonf? a':oef;oef;_ruawmh

ausm fausm fri f ;a _ymonfud kt[kwfxi fc J honf? ausmi f ;q7mrwp f

a<mufy Dy D ausm fausm fri f ;tay:juifemoem;r dc J honf? Tonfu

Zmwfvrf;pum ausmfausm frif;E Si f ha':oef;oef;_rwd k hE Sp fa<muf Ø_zpf×

oGm;c J h juonf? 'grs d K ;wGi fvuf_refa_c_ref@ S daomausmfausm frif ;ajumif h

E Sp fa<mufom;usL;vGe fpyf<Sufc J h7onf hta_ctaeod k ha7mufcJ h juonf?

touf(27)ESp fwd ki fatmif Ø<ifz d kr Sroef;7yJ × tys d KjuD;wpfa<muft

_zpfaexd ki fc J haoma':oef;oef; _rrSm touf(18)ESp ft@G<ftvd k ;aumif;

tES d K ;tqGaumif ;aomausm fausm fri f ;>tawG hud kt_ywf<pfr l ;wyfruf

oGm;c J havonf? oifwef;y dwf7uf_zp faomwe~FaE Gae hwd ki f ; a':oef;

oef;_r'~ke f _r d K hopfzufod k h c7D;aygufcJ honf? ausmfausmfrif;@ S daomtdrf

od k hoGm;um umrpyf<SufrS Kc H<laecJ havonf? xdktdrfae7mrSmvlrsm;r

aeao;aomtyd ki f ;wGi f _zp f _y D ; teD;ywf0ef ;usi fuvnf; a_ruGufawG

omrsm;ae7m olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvGwfvGwfvyfvyfyi f aysm fc si fwd ki f ;

aysm fE d li fc J honf? ausm fausm fri f ;onfrlvu a':oef;oef; _rud kZ dr fee f ;

ok d ha7mif;csz d k hp dwful;r@S day? c7D;oGm;[efvG JZmwfvrf;t_zpfomoabm

xm;cJ honf? xd k h _yifausm fausm frif;awG hbl;aomrde f ;rrsm;wGi f a':oef;

oe f ; _ronf ud k< fv H k ;u d k< fxnftxGm ; ju d Ki f ; | twif ;7i f ;q H k ;E Si f h

vd k ;7aqmf7wmvnf;t7omt@S dqH k ;r d k h r dr dtwGufoD;oef htvd k ;c Hr de f ;r

t_zpfxm;@S dz d k hyif juHcJ honf?

6

odk haomf- -

ausm fausm fri f ;r Smud kbwif>pufuGi f ;xJwGi fv S Ky f@ Sm ;7ol _zp f

onf? <ckolvma7mufaexd ki f7mtdrfuvnf; ud kbwifwd k h>v#d K h0 Suf

ae7mwpfc k _zp f7m| a':oef ;oef ; _rtajumif ;ud k ud kbwifod@ S doGm;c J h

onf? a':oef;oef;_ronftouf(27)ESp f@ S d _y D _zpfaomfvnf; csrf;csr f ;

omomat;at;aq;aq;aec J h7o lr d k h t@ G< fwi fonf ? t_ri fw Gi f

touf(20)0ef;usif[kyifxif7onf? _yD;awmh7ifom;awG| wifyg;awG

ay gi fv H k ;ay gi fwe fawGu xGm ;x Gmju d Ki f ; ju d Ki f ;wi f ;wi f ;7i f ;7i f ;E Si f h

[JA D ;qd kufjuD;juD;awG? w@kwfu_ym;r? tom;t7nf_zL0if;p d ka_yol

vnf; _zp fae_ye fonf? ' Dvd kqd ku fr s d K ; | onfvd ktom;t7nfrs d K ;u

{nf hjudKufum 0ifaiGaumif;aumif;7Ed li fonfrd k h ausm fausm frif ;tae

_zif htomcs d K ;um qufoG<frS Kr_yKyJxm;aomfvnf; ud kbwifu onf

aqmfjuD;ud k7vd kajumif; ausm fausm frif ;ud ktajumif;jum;vd kufonf?

ausmfausm frif ;r Smud kbwifud kvGe fqefE d li folr[kwfay? ud kbwifvd kcsi f

vmonfqd kawmh a':oef;oef; _rud k ay;tyfvd kuf7efom@S dawmhonf?

x d ko d k h ay ;ty fz d k h<c kwe~ FaE Gae hu d k tcs d e f ;tc su fv ky fxm;avonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;tzd k hr dr dze fxm;aomrde f ;rrsm;ud k ud kbwifvufod k htyf7

onfrSm tqef;r[kwfawmhyg? onftvkyfvkyfaeaomausmfausmfrif;

tae_zi f h c Hpm;csufawGbmawG@ S daevd k hr_zp fay? olze fIa_yvnfvm

aomrde f ;rrsm;ud k ol htwGufaiGaju;_r d K ; _r d K ; _ruf_ruf7@S dp7m ØypPnf;×

awGt_zpf oabmxm;wwfaeav_yD?

7

od k haomf a':oef ;oef ; _rud kay;tyfvd kuf7r Smawmh enf;enf;

E Sa _rmovd k@ S daeonf? a':oe f ;oe f ; _rud kz d ku fItm;r7E d li fovd kvnf;

_zpfaeonf? b<fvd k _zpf_zpf ud kbwif>vlrsm;vmac:v#if judKwif

tcs de f ;tcsufvky fxm;onf htwd ki f ; vS Ky fv S Ky f@ Sm ;@ Sm ;av;tenf ;i<f

vkyfum xnfhay;vd kuf@k Hom@S donf? xk dod k hray;vd kufrD ES KwfqufyG J

t_zp f ty Dvd k ;yp fv d ku f7e fawm h ausm fausm fri f ;up dwful ;xm;av

onf?

8

tcsde f;tcsufvkyfxm;aom we~FaEGaeh?

a':oef;oef;_ruawmh rdrd>b0vrf;tarSmifwd kufzH k ;v$rf;awmh

r Smu d k rod@ Sm ? we~ FaE Gae hw d ki f ;ausm fausm fri f ;q Do Gm ;a7mufum

E Sp fud k<fwltaysm f juL; _r JxH k ;p Htwd ki f ; '~ ke f _r d K hop fod k ho Gm ;a7muf7e f

_yifqif0wfpm;um eHeufpmud kususeeyifpm;aomufavonf? eHeuf

pmpm;aomuf_y D ; aexd ki f7mwnf;c d kce f ;r SxGufrnft_yKwGi f a':oef ;

oe f ; _rxHod k h {nf honfav;wpfa<mufrar#m fvi f hy J a7mufvmav

onf? xdk{nf honfav;>trnfu pd k ;p d k ;?

p d k ;p d k ;onfa':oef;oef; _rE Si f hwlr0rf ;uG Jawmfpyfonf? a':oef;

oef;_rwd k hwd kufjuD; em;wGifyifaeonf? a':oef;oef;_rq7mrvkyfaom

ausmi f ;r Smyi fausmi f ;wufonf? _y D ;awmhp d k ;p d k ;wd k h@ Sp fwef ;wGi fa':oef ;

oe f ; _ru twef;y d ki fq7mr? onfawmha':oef ;oe f ; _rr Sm p d k ;p d k ;>

ta':0rf;uG J _zpfovdk q7mrt7if;juD;vnf;_zpfae_yefonf?

a':oef;oef;_r7efukefod k hoGm;um oifwef;rsm;wufrnfqd kaom

tcg pd k ;p d k ;uvnf;olyguGefysLwmta_ccHoifwef;wufvd kajumif;| a':

oe f ;oe f ; _rE Si f htwlaexd ki f _y D ; oifwe f ;wufv#i ftqifa_yrnf _zp fI

olr>rdbrsm;ud ka_ymay;7ef a':oef;oef;_rud ky lqmcJ hz l ;onf? a':oef;

oef;_ruvnf; rdbrsm;cGi f h _yKv#ifvmoif[kqd kum 0wfajuwef;aju

oabmrs d K ; pd k ;p d k ;>rdbawGud ka_ymqd kc J honf? pd k ;p d k ;r Smtouf(14)ESp f

9

omomr#om@S dao;7m rdbrsm;u 7efuke fod k hoGm;c Gi f h _yKrnfr[kwf[k

a':oef;oef;_rxifcJ honf?

pd k ;p d k ;utwif;ylqmonfht_yif a':oef;oef;_rud k<fwd ki f7efukef

Ytce f ;i Sm ;aexd ki foi fwef ;wufaer S K | 7e fuke fr SaqGrs d K ;r sm;r÷av;od k h

tvnfvm_yD ; t_yefc7D ;vnf;juH KaerS Kwd k hajumif h pd k ;p d k ;>rdbrsm;u

oabmwlc Gi f h _yKum 7efuke fr SaqGrs d K ;r sm;t_ye fwGi f pd k ;p d k ;ud kxnf hay;

vd kufjuonf? xdkaqGrs d K ;rsm;rSmvnf; a':oef;oef;_rESi f htrs d K ;awmfae

7m pd k ;p d k ;ud ka':oef ;oef ; _rxHud k<fwd ki fud k<fusvma7muftyfE S Hxm;@ S d

_y D; pdwfcsvufcs_yefoGm;juavonf?

7nf ;pm ;E Si f htvd k ;c H7e fo Gm ;awm hrnf ha':oe f ;oe f ; _rtz d k h awm h

tawmfav;yi f uoduatmuf_zp foGm;7avonf? <ckr Sa7mufvm

aompd k ;p d k ;ud k wnf;cd kcef;wGifwpfa<mufwnf;xm;cJ hum olrtae_zif h

xGufoGm;z d k huvnf; b<fvd kr#r_zpf? roif hav#m f? we~FaEGaehwd ki f ;

a7mufvmaeus_zp faomrdr dud k ausm fausm fri f ;uvnfyi f ;@ Snfatmi f

apmif har#m faerSmud kvnf; a':oef;oef;_rawG;ylonf? ausmfausmfrif;u

war#mfar#m f_zpfaerSmud kvnf; rvdkvm;?

aemu fq H k ; awm h | <ae hr d r dta7 ;wju D ;v ky f p7m@ S d a eaom

ajumif h aemuftygwfusr Sat;at;aq;aq;awG hawmhrnf[k ausm f

ausm fri f ;ud k oGm;a7muftajumif ;jum;a_ymqd kvd kufwm taumif ;

10

qHk; _zpfrnf[k a':oef;oef;_rpOf;pm;qH k ; _zwfum Øuu× um;wpfp D ;

ud k toGm;t_yeft_yD;i Sm;I pd k ;p d k ;ud kvnf;ac:_yD; '~ke f _r d K hopfbufod k h

xGufvmcJ havonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;xHod k h a':oef ;oef ; _re Heuf(9)em7Dc G Jomomcef h

wGif a7muf@S doGm;onf? iSm;vmaom Øuu× um;ud k tdrfa@S hvrf;

ay:r Sm7y fc d ki f ;xm;um pd k ;p d k ;ud kum;ay:wGi fyi fapmi f haeapv#uf a':

oef;oef; _rwpfa<mufwnf;om um;ay:rSqif;I tdrfxJod k h0i fvmcJ h

avonf?

Ø a[m- -rr a7mufvm_yD- -apmif hvd kuf7wm rr7<f?

uÈefawmf_zif hvnfyif;awmif@Snfvd k h- - ×

ausmfausmfrif;u tdrft0ifrSqD;Ia_ymonf? a_ymvnf;a_ym

vufuvnf;a':oef ;oef ; _rud kqG Jay G h<lum ES Kwfcr f ;c si f ;z duyfp ky fer f ;

v d ku fonf? ol>nmvufu a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>cg ;usi fusi fav;ud k

cy fwif;wif;ay G hzufxm;v#uf b<fvufuawmh um;tdp Gi f hxGm;av

aomzifqH kum;um;juD;ud k qkyfud ki f!Sp fy Gwfay;aeonf? tdrftwGif ;

od k h0if7mae7mwGif zdeyfcÈwftzDav;vkyfum eH7Humxm;onfhtwGuf

11

a':oef;oef; _rud k ausm fausm fri f ;uqD;judKayG hzuferf ;p ky fr S Ktm; tdr f

a@S hwGif7yfxm;aomum;ay:rS vSrf;Ir_rifEd li fyg?

awG hawG hcsi f; ausmfausmfrif;u vuf_refa_c_refESi f hayG hzuferf;

p ky fu d ki fw G< fz sp f! Sp fv d ku faomajumi f h a':oe f ;oe f ; _rwp fa<muf

ylxlz de f ;@ S de f ;v#uf pdwfawGvSKy f@ Sm;oGm;7avonf? a_ymrnf hpumyif

ra_ymEd li fawmh? trs d K ;orD;juD;r Sm olr>cspfolaumifav;>7ifc Gi fxJ

r Sm acGaysm husoGm;7av_yD? acgi f ;av;yd karm hvmonf? ausm fausm f

rif ;u @Smud kxd k ;ay;vd kufawmh a':oef;oef; _r>yg;pyftvd kvd k[oGm;

onf? @Smonfolr>yg;pyfxJod k hwd k ;0i fum [d k[d konfonfvSnf hywf

uvdonf? a':oe f ;oe f ; _ruvnf; olr>yg ;py fx Jwd k ;0i fvmaom

ausmfausmfrif;>@Smud k tomyifpkyfay;aerdonf?

Ø vmrr- -tdrftay:xyf oGm;ju7atmif ×

pkyferf;_yD;aemuf ausmfausmfrif;ua_ymonf?

xd ktdr fr Sm wpfxyf _zp faomfvnf; txyfc d k ;wifIxm;onf?

txyfc d k ;ay:wGi f ausm fausm fri f ;>tdy f7m@S donf? a':oef;oef; _rESi f h

ausmfausmfrif;wd k hE Sp fa<muftaysm fjuL;um pyf<Sufju7mae7mvnf;

_zpfonf? tdrftay:xyfod k hoGm;rnfqd k _ci f ;r Sm vd k ;juzd k ha_ymonfESi f h

r_cm;aomajumif h terf;tpky fc H7r S Kajumif h vSKy f@ Sm;aeaoma':oef;

12

oef;_r>pdwfrSm yd kvd k hyifEd k ;juGvmonf?

a':oef;oef;_ronfrdrdp dwfud kjudK;pm;umxdef;7if;- - -?

Ø [dkuGm- -rr'DaehoGm;p7mav; @S daevd k h? tJ'gausmfausmf

wapmif hapmif h _zp faerSmp d k ;vd k h vma_ymwm? tay:xyfrwufawmhbl;

aemf? aemuftygwfrSayg h [kwfvm; ×

Ø [m- -rruvJAsm- - ×

ausm fausm fri f ;>rsufE Smav;!d S l ;i<foGm;onf? csp folaumif

av;rsufESm!S d k ;awmh a':oef;oef;_rrSmvnf; raeEd li fawmh?

Ø rif;uvJuGm- -[d kr Sm? rr wlrav;wpfa<mufa7muf

vmvdk h? ol hud kvd kufyd k hay;7rSmrd k hyguG<f ×

a':oe f ;oe f ; _rw Gi ftaz:w lrav;y gvmonfqd konf htwGu f

u d kbwi f>vlr sm ;a':oe f ;oe f ; _ru d k vmØqG J ×z d k hu dp Pw Gi f taE Smi f h

t<SufawGrsm; _zp favrnfvm;[k ausm fausm fri f ;awG;y laeao;onf?

ok d haomf ØqG J × oGm;zd k hu olwd k htvkyf? olwd k hZmwf olwd k hE d li fatmif

y d ki fatmi fvky f juvdr f hrnf? r dr dtae_zi f hawG ;y lp7mrvd k ? taz:ygI

<cktygwfrqG J _zpfvnf; aemuftygwfa@$ hvd k h7wmyJ? rdr dtzd k ha':oef;

13

oef; _rud kwygwfy d k _y D ;vd k ;E d li fwmt_rwf[kawG;um ylyi fr S KawGaysmuf

onf?

Ø {nf honfy gvmw<fqd kawm hvnf ; oGm ;ay g h ? ' gayr<f h

em7D0ufavmufawmh aeygvm;rr7<f? uÈefawmhrSmrrud kwygwfvH k ;

rawGh7vd k h vGrf;aewm- -aemfrr ×

ausmfausmfrif;u t_ywfcÈ Jonf?

a':oef ;oef ; _rud k<fwd ki fr Smvnf; pdwfawGE d k ; juGr S KtcHu@S dae

_yef7m odyfrsm;rsm;pm;pm;acsmharmhcÈ Jaep7mrvd k? wpfcga_ymvd kuf@k HE Si f h

yif tqifa_yoGm;onf?

Ø em7D0ufyJaemf ausmfausmf ×

Ø pdwfcsrr- -wpfrdepfrpGe f;ap7bl; ×

ausm fausm fri f ;u 7J7 Jyi ftmrc Honf? tdr fay:xyfa7mufI

vd k;ju| aqmfjuv#if a':oef;oef;_rwpfa<muf em7D0uftcs de fuef h

owfr S Kud kta7;vky fE d li frnfr[kwfy J rdr dvd k ;c si foavmuftvd k ;c H7rnf

om_zp fajumi f ;ud kawmh oluaocsmp Gmodaeonf? 'gajumi f hvnf;

tmrcH7J_cif;_zpfonf?

14

Ø 'gqd k tay:xyftomwuf_y D ; _i dr f _i dr fav;apmi f hae? rr

tqifa_yatmifjunfha_ym_yD; wufvmcJ hr<f ×

onfv d k c s d e f ;q d kum wdw fw dw fy k e f ; aw G h 7rn f hu dp P r s m ;w Gi f

y7d<m<fjuG<fum]m^frsm;wwfonfhr de f ;rwd k hA DZtwdki f ; a':oef;oef;

_ru ausmfausmfrif;ud kcyfwd k ;wd k ;r Smjum;onf?

Ø [kwfuJ h- -_ref_refawmhwufvmaemf? rrudk cspfcsi fvS_yD

As- - ×

Ø ausmfausmfaemf [if; awmfawmfuJ- - ×

a':oef;oef ; _ru ausm fausm fri f ;>ezl ;ud ktomxkvd kufonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;u a':oef;oef; _r>um;tdaeaomzifjuD;ud k vuf0g;

_zi f h cyfqwfqwfykwfvd kufonf? trs d K ;orD;juD;r Sm 7ifz d kp dwfvSKy f

@ Sm;oGm;7_yefonf?

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronf tdr fxJr Scy fokwfokwfyi f _ye fxGufvmc J h

onf?

Ø pd k ;p d k ;a7? 'DrSmudpPur_ywfcsifbl;? tcs de fenf;enf;jumr<f

15

um;ud k _yefv$wfvd kufwmayg h? [kwfvm;? uJ qif;ygtkef;- - ×

p d k ;p d k ;um;ay:r Sqif ;onf? a':oef ;oef ; _ronf toGm;t_ye f

i Sm;vmaomum;ud k _yefv$wfvd kufonf? um;c_yefrawmif;awmh? um;

orm;uvnf; auseyfp Gmyifarmif;xGufoGm;onf? a':oef;oef; _rESi f h

p d k ;p d k ;wd k hwlt7D;ESp fa<mufvnf; tdrfxJod k h0ifvmcJ honf?

tdrfrSmvufprowf7ao;wmom@S donf? tawmfawmh_yD;ae_yD?

v l aev d k hvn f ; 7ae _y D ? {n f h c e f ; a e7mw G i fx d k i f c k e f jur f ; E S p f c k E S i f h

yufvufukvm;xd ki fwpfvH k;@S donf?

Ø pd k ;p d k ;- -'Dr Sm at;at;aq;aq;xd ki fapmif hae [kwfvm;?

wd k htay:xyfwufvd kuftH k ;r<f? udpP_yD;wmeJ hoGm;juwmayg h- -? ×

a':oef;oef; _rr Sm ausm fausm fri f ;E Si f h _re f _re fawG h | vky fp7m@S d

wmawGvkyf _y D ;v#if _yefxGufrnf[laompdwful;_zif h pd k ;p d k ;ud ka_ymum

tdr ftay:xyfod k hcy foGufoGufwufoGm;avonf? ausm fausm fri f ;E Si f h

tvd k ;c H7awmhrSmrd k h olr>pdwfuvnf;vSKy f@ Sm;ae7m a_ymqd kvSKy f@ Sm;

rS KoGif_yif[efyefwd k hr Sm yH kr Se fr[kwf? oGufvuf_zwfvwfum 7Jwif;

aeonf?

tay:xyftxyfc d k ;wGi f tcef ;E Sp fce f ;z G J hxm;onf? avSum;r S

16

wufwufcsif;a7muf@S daomtcef;rSm tcef;vGwf_zpfonf? opfwd kopf

ptcs d K hE Si f h oHrsm;xnfhxm;aombl;juD;wpfbl;| ukvm;xd ki ftusd K ;wpf

ck@ S donf? usefwpfcef;uawmh ausmfausmfrif;tdyfonfhtcef;? wenf;

a_ym7v#if a':oef;oef;_rtvdk;c H7rnfhtcef;?

ausmfausmfrif;E Si f hvd k ;ju7eftwGuf txyfcd k ;ay:wufvmaom

a':oef;oef;_ronf rdr dtvd k ;c Haejutcef;xJod k hwpfcgwnf;yifwef;0if

oGm;avonf? ausmfausmfrif;E Si f hvlcsi f ;7if;E S D ;pyf<SufrS Kc J hz l ; _y D ; onf

tcef ;xJwGi fvnf; tvd k ;c Haeus_zp fonf ht_yi f pdwfuvnf;tawmf

yifvSKy f@ Sm;E d k ;juGv#uf 7or#tcs de ftwGif;t_ywfvd k ;7rnf hta_ctaerd k h

a':oef;oef;_rrSm @Sufajumufwkef hqd ki f ;aerS Kyif r@S dawmh? cyfoGuf

oGuf| cyf7J7 J | cyf_ref_refyif olrud kvd k ;7efapmif haeavaom ausmf

ausmfrif;@S daeonfhtcef;xJok d h av#mufvSrf;0ifa7mufoGm;awmhonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;u a':oe f ;oe f ; _rud ktoi fyi fapmi f hIaeav

onf?

tqifoif hr Swu<fhud ktqifoif h? cyfjurf;jurf;vkyfxm;aom

cHwifxufr Stdy f7may:wGi f t0wfrsmcÈwfypfv#uf vD;juD;tawmif

om;ESi f hud kapmif hae_cif;yif?

ausmfausmfrif;onf vluomi<fonf? vD;uawmh tawmf

17

udkxGm;onf? ausmfausmfrif;>vD;onf(9)vufrcef h@ Snfum usyfvH k ;

avmu ftvH k ;w kw fonf ? v D ;x dy f r Sta7 _ym ;u d kv S D ; _ zw fxm ;onf h

twGuf 'pfjuD;u eD7J_y JtmvefIaeonf? rmefxaecs de fr d k hvD;juD;u

oHac s mi f ;wr #yi frmajumrwfawmi faeonf ? v D ;we fv H k ; yw fw Gi f

tajumjuD;rsm;u t7pf7pfE Si f ht_yd Ki f ; _y d Ki f ;xIaeonf? juufoD;x

p7myg? onfvD;juD;E Si f htvd k ;c Hz l ; _y D ; umrt7omud kvnf;t_ywf7@S d

c Hpm;c J hz l ;aoma':oef ;oef ; _rr Sm rwfawmifaeaomvD;wefjuD ;ud k _ri f

vd ku f7onfE Si f h e~ d kuyi fwufjuGE d k ; jum;aeavaomumr7rufp dwf

onf rD;yH kwGif"gwfqDyufxnfhvd kufovdk_zpfum [kef;ueJyifw@S de fxd k ;

' D~7D_rif hwufvmavawmhonf?

a':oef;oef;_ronf cHwifay:od k hrqd ki f ;rwGyifwufvd kufonf?

cHwifuESpfa<muftdyfr[kwfay? a':oef;oef;_rrSm vH k ;juD;aygufvS

q lq l _z d K ; _z d K ; | xGm ;x Gm ; ju d Ki f ; ju d Ki f ; ju D ; _zp fay7m c Hwi fay:w Gi f

E Sp fa<mufom; yl ;y l ;uyfuyfjuyfjuyfwnf;wnf;awmh @S daeonf?

od k haomf onfvd kcy fjuyfjuyfE Si f hy l ;y l ;uyfuyf@ S daer S Kud kyi f a':oef ;

oef;_ru wpfenf;tm;_zif htjudKufawGhaeonf?

Ø t0wfawGcÈwfypfvd kufr<faemf rr- - ×

ausm fausm fri f ;ua_yma _ymqd kq d kE S i f h a' :oe f ;oe f ; _r0wfxm;

aombDbJvfxrDud k qwfueJqG JcÈwfonf?

18

Ø tcs de fodyfr7bl;uGm cÈwfraeygeJ h? 'Dtwdki f;y Jvkyfayg h- -×

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ru xk do k d h a _ymaom fvnf;xr Duawmh uÈwf

oGm;ay_yD?

Ø t0wfawGajuukefrSmayg h rr7J h- - ×

ausm fausm fri f ;uqG Jc Èwf _y D ;aomxrDud k c Hwi fab;od k htom

ypfcs_y D ;a_ymonf?

Ø 'gqd k tay:t0wfawGyJcÈwfr<fuGm - -aemf ×

a':oef;oef; _ronf atmifrif ;E Si f hpy f<Sufaomtcg tpyd ki f ;

tcs de frsm;wGif @Sufajumufâa_êqnfaecJ haomfvnf; aemufyd ki f ;wGif

awmh ud k<fvH k ;wD; _zi f homvd k ;c J havonf? âa_êjuD;umt@Sufy d kc J hol

tys d K juD ;rrr Sm ausm fausm fri f ;E Si f hawG hawmh t@SuftajumufawG

~ k^foduQmawG ab;cs dwfyp fc J h7onf? <cifua_ymz d k h7mp dwfrul;c J h

aom 7if h7if hoD;oD;wpfwpfcGc Gpum;rsm;ud kyif ausmfausmfrif;E Si f ha_ym

qdkc J h7avonf?

zs Hav;ausmfausmfrif;uawmh vuf_refa_c_refyifa':oef;oef;_r

19

0wfxm;aomtuô sud k cÈwfc Gmyp fvd ku fav_y D ? a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronf

Zmabm fv D | tw Gi f ; c H y dw f puy fw d k hom@ S d a e awm hon f ? t@ Su f

tajumufjuD;_y D ;y dy d7 d7 daewwfaoma':oef;oef; _ronf twGif ;c Hrsm;

ud kvnf; vH kvH k _c H K _c H KxlxlxJxJ0wfonf? atmufcHy dwfpuyfatmuf

wGi f twGi f ;c Hyi fwDabmif ;bDav;0wfxm;avao;onf? ZmabmvD

uvnf; 7iftH kjuD;juD;ESi f hvH kvH k _c H K _c H Kz H k ;z H k ;z dz d _zpfonf? a':oef;oef;_r

>juD ;rm;vSaomE d k ht H k ju D ;ud kyi f y d7 daooyfp Gmz H k ;t ky fxm;E d li fonf?

ZmabmfvD>7iftH kr sm;azgi f ;r d k h juGaejuonfuvG Jvd k h E d k ht H kom;rsm;ud k

r_rifEd li f? Ed k htH kE Sp fc kjum;rSt!Smud kyifrawGh7? 7if!Gef hom;0if;0if;av;

r sm ;omay:aeonf? _ynf h _z d K ;aomy kc ke f ; ju D ;E Si f hv H k ;t dwi f ;7i f ;aom

vufarmif;om;juD;rsm;uawmh ay:vGifaeygonf?

Ø ydwfpuyfud kvSef_y D; vd k;7rSmvm;rr ×

ausm f au sm f ri f ;ux d ko d k h ar ;7i f ; a' :oe f ;oe f ; _ r>zi f ju D ;u d k

nmvuf_zi f hud ki fy Gwfzsp f!Sp fvd kufonf? zifjuD;u0ovd k wif;tdae

7m ud ki f7wmp D ;p D ;y d k i fy d k i f@ S donf? td _z d K ;aomwi fom;juD ;w d k honf

ausm fausm frif ;>vufxJwGi f wqkyfwcJtdtdwif;wif;7if;7if;juD;_zpf

aeonf?

a':oef;oef ; _rrsufE Smaz G ;ueJ _zp fonf? ausm fausm fri f ;>wpf

wpfc Gc Ga _ymvd kufaompum;ajumi f h p dwfy d kv S Ky f@ Sm ;oGm;aomajumi f h

20

_zp fonf? @Sufajumufr S K _zp f7rnf htpm; 7rufaZmuomyd k _yi f ;xef

vmonf?

Ø tif;ayg h- - ×

Ø twGif;cHyifwD 0wfxm;ao;vm; ×

ausm fausm fri f ;u 7pfae_ye fonf? zi fjuD ;ud ky Gwfud ki fae7m

0wfxm;aomtwGi f ;c Hyi fw D>tem;7p fr sm ;u d k ususeepr f ;r dae>?

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ rtwGi f ; c H abmi f ;b Dw d k av;0w fxm;r S e f ; o d _y D ;y g _y D ?

wrifoufoufaumifrjuD;p dwfyd kvS Ky f@ Sm;atmif ar;vd kuf_cif; _zpfonf

xd ktar;onf a':oef;oef;_rud ky d kI 7ifcke fvmaponf?

Ø tif;- - ×

Ø 'gqd k yifwDawmhcÈwfay;rSayg h rr7J h? ×

Ø td k ausmfausmfuvJuGm ×

ausmif;q7mrjuD;@SufpEd k ; _zpfoGm;onf?

a':oef;oef;_ronf t0wftpm;rsm;tukefcÈwfum t0wfryg

21

yvmud k<fvH k ;wD;E Si f hyi f ausm fausm fri f ;E Si f hy<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;c J hz l ;ay

7m ausm fausm fri f ;utwGif ;c Hyi fwDud kqG JcÈwfypfv#i f bmrSa_ymrnf

r[kwf? vd k;juv#if twGif;c Habmif;bDcÈwfay;7rSmud kvnf; olrem;

vnfygonf? 'gayr<fh 'Dvd kta_ymcH7awmh wpfrs d K ;juD;_zpfonf?

Ø uÈe fawm futaumi f ;a _ymwmyg rr7? yi fwDrcÈwf7i f

apmufywfxJb<fvd kvkyfvD;xk d ;oGif;vd k h7rSmvJ? ×

Ø uÈwf- -vkyf_yef_yD? ×

Ø cÈwfr<faemfrr- -[kwfvm; ×

Ø tif;- -cÈwfcÈwf- - ×

ausm fausm fri f ;>ta_ymtqd kr sm;ajumif h p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm; _y D ;7i f ;

vS Ky f@ Sm ;ae7aoma':oe f ;oe f ; _ronf yg ;py fr Svnf;cy f7i f h7i f hyi f _ye f

a_ymvmav_yD?

ausm fausm fri f ;onf a':oef;oef; _r0wfxm;aomydwfpuyfud k

Zw fue Jq G Jv S e fon f ? _ y D ; awm htw G i f ; c H y i fw D abmi f ;b D av ;u d k

_zwfueJyif@ kwfw7ufqG JcÈwfypfvd kufonf?

twGi f ;c Hud kc Èwfyp f _y D ; aygi f _zL _zLjuD;e Sp fvH k ;ud kvnf;qG Jud ki f

22

um;xkw fv d ku f7m twGi f ;c Hy dw fpuy fu d kvnf ;v Se fwi fxm;onfr d k h

ay gi fc G jum;r Sapmufz kw f ju D ;u txif ;om;ay:vmonf? vH k ; ju D ;

aygufvSa':oef;oef; _ronf vlaumifxGm;ovd k | apmufzkwfuvnf;

juD;onf? apmufzkwfazgi f ;onf? umrqdyfrsm;wufjuGaecs de f _zpf7m

apmufz kwfjuD;uyd kIrd k hazgi f ;umwufaeonf? ausm fausm fri f ;uvnf;

vufraES;yg? txif;om;ay:vmaomapmufzkwfjuD;ud k ywfvH k ;ud kwD;

cwfovd k vuf!S d K ;vufcv<fE Sp facsmi f ;y l ; _zi f h qwfueJ@ k dufonf?

tcs de ftqrSe fonfr d k h vufacsmi f ;r sm;onf apmufz kwftuG Jajumif ;

wnfhwnfhay:od k h ususeeyifxdrd@ k dufrdonf?

Ø td k;- -[if h ×

a':oef ;oe f ; _raumhys HIjuGwufvmonf? ausm fausm fri f ;u

apmufzkwfud kvuf_zif htky fum cyfjurf;jurf;av;zdy Gwfay;vd kuf_yef7m

a':oef;oef;_rwpfa<mufxGef hxGef hvl;IoGm;7avonf? xdkaemufausmf

ausm fri f ;onf a':oef;oef ; _r>aygi fwefjuD;E Sp fc kud ky d kum;atmifvky f

_yD; apmufzkwfjuD;ud kvufESpfbuf_zif hususeeyif _zJIjunfh_yefonf?

wp fu d k< fwn f hty s d K ju D ;b0 _zi f h ( 27 )E S p fwmr #aec J h _ y D ; v D ;E S i f h

awG hqH ktvd k ;c H7onfr Smtcs de fo dy frjumao;aom a':oe f ;oe f ; _rr Sm

r su fE Smtxm;7yi fcufo Gm ;onf? ausm fausm fri f ;E Si f h py f< Su fz l ; _y D ;

vlcsi f ;7i f ;E S D ;aeaomfvnf; onfr#avmufy<fy<fe<fe<fapmufz kwf

_zJtjunfhc H7aomtcg @Sufovdkvd k | tae7cufovdkvd k _zpf7avonf?

23

Ø [dwf- -ausmfausmf7<f- -bmawGvkyfaewmvJuG<f ×

@Suf@G H[efav;_zif h a':oef;oef;_rua_ymonf?

Ø uÈefawmfvd k ;7awmhr<f hapmufzkwfjuD;ud k _z JjunfhaewmygAs

rr7 J hapmufz kwfjuD ;u rd k h _y D ;az gi f ;aevd kufwmAsm? ud kufawmi fpm;

ypfcsifvm_yD? ×

Ø td k- -ausmfausmfuvJ- -awmf_yDuGm rjunfhe J h- - ×

Ø vd k ;awmifvd k ;aeju_yDy J rr7m- -apmufywf_z Jjunf hwm

bmrsm;qef;awmhvd k hvJ- - ×

Ø @Sufw<fuG- - - ×

Ø atmi fr<fav;- -uÈe fawm f hr sm ;@ Su fae7ao;w<f- -

apmufywfud k 7ufay;r<faemf ×

Ø [if htif;- -r7ufeJ h td k ;td k ;- -junfhygvm;- -[m [m×

a_yma_ymqd kqd kausm fausm fri f ;u aygi fjuD;E Sp facsmi f ;um;xkwf

24

apv#uf vufESpfzuf_zif hususeeqG J _z Jxm;I_yJtmum txif;omay:

aeavaom a':oef ;oe f ; _r>apmufz kwfjuD ;ud k uke f ;ItyD7ufay;

vd kufonf? r7ufeJ h[k yg;pyfua_ymaeaomfvnf; a':oef;oef;_rrSm

t_ywfawmh_iif;y<f@ke f ;uef_cif;r_yKEd li f? onftvkyfonfpufqkyfz G<f

7maumif;rSe f;odaomfvnf; a':oef;oef;_rwpfa<mufrSmawmh apmuf

ywfud ky g ;py f _zi f h7ufay;r S Ku d k t7omawG hump G JrufIvnf ;aey g _y D ?

ausm f ausm fri f ;uonfv d k _ zp f aeavatmi f aocsmp G mus H K ;o Gi f ;um

txm_yxm;cJ hayonf? apmufywfud kyg;pyf_zif ht7ufcH7rS Konf rde f;r

rsm;>umr7rufp dwfud k Ed k ; juGvmapEd li fonf h txl;txda7mufqH k ;

umrEd k ;qGenf;_zpfonf? ausmfausm frif ;uxd kenf;ud kvufud ki fxm;um

aumif;aumif;toH k ;csonf? olzefI7xm;aomrde f ;rrsm;ud k tyDt_yif

ud kapmufywf7ufay;avh@S donf? Tenf;_zif hxk dr de f ;rrsm;ud k umrEG H

x Jr S@ ke f ;rxGufE d li fawmhatmi f qG Jaqmi ftyd ki fo dr f ;oGi f ;xm;E d li fc J hay

onf? tzkwft7ufcHzl;_y D;aomrdef;rrsm;rSm aq;pG Jovd kyifpG JoGm;wwf

juajumif;ud k ausmfausmfrif;uodxm;ygonf?

a':oef;oef;_rrSmvnf; <kwfrmnpfnrf;r Se f ;odv#ufeJ h ausmf

ausm frif ;>ZmwfoGi f ;xm;rS Kajumif h apmufywft7ufcH7rS Kud k txl;

yif pG JrufE Sp foufIaeyg_y D? apmufywfud kuke f ;7ufay;vd kufonfESi f h

a':oe f ;oe f ; _rwp fa<muf umr<rf ;t d k ; ju D ;0 ke f ;ue J _rnfatmi fyi f

aygufuG JoGm;7avawmhonf?

Ø td k;[d k ;[d k ;- -ausmfausmf7<f- -trav;av;- -tm;@S D ;

25

aumif;w<f- -aumif;vd kufwm- -td k;td k ;- -7uf7uf- -7ufprf;

ygausmfausmf7 J h? rrapmufywfud ktyD7ufay;prf;yg- -aumif;vGe f;vd k h

ygausmfausmf7J h tm;tD; ×

xde f ;rE d li fo dr f ;r7awmhatmi fyi fumraZmawGtwufjuD ;wuf

vmaoma':oef;oef;_r>yg;pyfrS a7@Gwf_rnfwrf;oHawG ay:vmonf

omreftcs de fqd kv#i f yg;pyfr Sa_ymxGufzd k hrqd kxm;bd? pdwfyiful;r drnf

r[kwfaom wpfwpfc Gc Gei f hei f ho D ;oD ;ta_ymtqd ktoH k ;tE S Ke f ;r sm ;ud k

vnf; a':oef;oef;_rrSmtvdkvd ka_ymxGufaeonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;onfa':oe f ;oe f ; _r>aygi f jum;wGi f rsufE Sm

tyfum apmufzkwfjuD;ud ktm;7yg;77ufay;pky fay;7if; vufESp fbuf

ud kqef hxkwfum rd k h0e f;armufjuGwufaeaomEd k htH kxGm;xGm;juD;ESp fp H kud k

vSr f ;Iqkyfud ki fonf? a':oef;oef;_r0wfxm;aomabmfvD7iftH krsm;ay:

rS tkyfIud ki f _cif; _zpfonf? wpfcsufESp fcsufqkyfe<f_yD; xk dod k hud ki f7

onfud ktm;r7onf htoGi f _zi f h Ed k ht H kom;rsm;ud k ZmabmfvD7iftH kxJr S

qG Jxkwfzd k h judK;pm;ao;onf? a':oef;oef;_r0wfxm;onfhZmabmfvDrSm

a@ S ;@ k d ;y H kp Hv H kv H k _c H K _c H Kz H k ;z H kz dz d@ S datmi faoaocsmcsmc s Ky fv ky fxm;av7m

Ed k htH kom;awGud ktvG<fwulqG Jxkwfvd k hr7Ed li fy J @S daeonf?

TwGifa':oef;oef;_ru 0ifulnDay;onf? ZmabmfvD>ykcke f;

od ki f ;judK ;E Sp fc kud k ykc ke f ;ay:rSaeI ykc ke f ;wav#mufvufarmif;atmuf

26

od k hav#musoGm;atmif qG Jc say;onf? ausm fausm fri f ;uvnf; a':

oef ;oef ; _r>ausmatmufod k hvufxd k ;v# d Kum ZmabmfvDaemufausm

cs dwfrsm;rS tay:qH k;cs dwfESp fc kud kcyfoGufoGuf_zKwfypfonf? xdkaemuf

Zmabm fv D7i ft H ku d k atmufo d k h cy f jur f ; jur f ;q G Jv Se fc sv d ku faomtcg

juD;xGm;aomEd k ht H k juD;E Sp fc kwwke fwke fvS Ky fc gv#uf txif;om;ay:vm

onf? a':oef;oef;_ronf w@kwfu_ym;r_zpf7m Ed k hoD;acgif;@ Snfonf

tys d KjuD;b0_zif h<ifzd kr Sroef;yJaecJ hbl;aomajumif h Ed k hoD;acgif;@ Snf@Snf

rsm;onf plp l juGjuGav;avmufom@S dum Ed k ht H kom;xJod k hawmfawmf

rsm;rsm;_rKy f0i faeonf? ausm fausm fri f ;u plp ljuGjuGav;cÈe faeaom

Ed k hoD;acgif;rsm;ud k vuf!S d K ;vufrwd k h _zif h!Syfum qGJqG Jxkwfay;onf?

onfvd kvky fay;v#i f E d k ht H kxJ _r Ky faeaomEd k ho D ;acgi f ;wpfc kvH k ;t_yi fod k h

wd k ;xGufum aumhaumhaxmifaxmifav;_zpfvmrnfud k odonf?

t0wfawGrcÈwfy J cyf_re f _re ftvd k ;c Hum| _yefoGm;7efp dwful;

xm;c J haoma':oef ;oef ; _rwpfa<muf <ckawmhzi fay:| tzkwfay:|

E d k h ay: _zp fv d k h aeav_y D ? tdr fatmufxyfwGi f apmi f huse faeavaom

wlrav;pd k ;p d k ;ud kvnf; arhIaeav_yD? umrqdyfu wpfud k<fvH k ;r $e f

atmifwufae_yD?

p d k ;p d k ;onfolrta':>trlt7mawG wpfrs d K ; _zp faeovd kvd kxif

27

cJ honf? csufcsi f ;yif _ye fxGuf7ef Øuu× um;ud ktoGm;t_yeft_ywf

i Sm;c J h _y D ;r S _ye fv$wfum tdr ftxyfc d k ;ay:wufoGm;onfrSmr@k d ;[kawG;r d

onf?

p d k ;p d k ;r Smody fawmhracvSyg? yguify dwftys d Kpp fpp fwpfa<muf

_zp faeao;aomfvnf; 7nf;pm;awmh@ S donf? 7nf;pm;E Si f hc s de f ;awG hz l ;

v#uf terf;tpky f | tayG htzuf| tud ki ftES d Kuf | tyGwftoyfc Hz l ;

aom tawG htjuH K@ S dxm;onf? r dr dud k<fwd ki ftvd k ;rc Hbl ;ao;aomf

vn f ; a<mu f s m ; E S i f h r d e f ; rum r p y f< Su f r S K t a jum i f ; r s m ;u d k

tweftoif hodxm;_yD; yd kr d kIod@S dem;vnfvd kaompyfpkp dwfvnf;@S donf?

ta_ctaeay;v#if ud k<fwd ki fyifc Hpm;junfhvd konf? <ck7efuke fqif;

vm_cif;r Sm uGefysLwmoifwef;wufzk d hxuf 7efuke fwGi ft~Fvdyfpum;

a_ymoi fwe f ;vmwufaeaom olr>7nf ;pm;E Si f h awG hE d l i fq H kE d l i fz d k hu

t"du_zpfonf?

pd k ;p d k ;tzd k ht_yD;rowf| tacsmrud ki f7ao;aomtdrf> cyfjurf;

jurf ;taetxm;om@ S dao;aom{nf hce f ;ae7mwGi f wpfa<mufwnf;

xk di fae7onfrSm ajumifovdkvd k _zpfaeonf? [dkjunfhonfjunfhvkyf

r d7m tcef;axmif hem;wGi f pmtky ftenf;i<fE Si f h~ sme<fpmapmiftcs d K h

xyfxm;onfud k _rifr donf? onftwd ki f ;xd ki fumaigi faernf htwlwl

wpfc kc kzwfjunf h7wmaumif ;rnf[kp dwful;aygufum xd ktxyfae7m

od k h tomvmc J honf? ríZi f ;ta[mi f ;o H k ;av;t ky fE Si f h 7ufvGe f

28

~sme<fav;i g ;apmi fw d k htjum;r S p d k ;p d k ;twGuftvGe fp dw f0i fpm ;p7m

aumif;aompmtkyfwpftkyfud k @SmazGawG h@ S doGm;avonf? xdkpmtkyfrSm

Øumvmuvdki f;rufpf× trnf@S dt_ym"gwfyH kpmtkyfyif_zpfonf? pd k ;p d k ;u

Øumvmuvd k i f ; ru fp f × pmt ky fu d k wp f@ Gu fc s i f ;v S e f jun f hon f ?

ajuGpuULacsmay:wGi f aq;om;aumif;aumif _zi f haooyfp Gmy H kE S dy fxm;

aom t_ymyH krsm;onf pd k;pd k ;ud kaumif;aumif;juD;7ifckefvSKyf@Sm;ap onf?

a':oef ;oe f ; _rud k Tt_ymy H kpmtky f _youm xd kpmtky fxJr S

"gwfyH krsm;ud ktwkcd k ;um taetxm;yH kp Htopftqef;rsm;_zif hpyf<Suf7ef

t ju H _ zi f h au s m f au s m f ri f ;uTpmt ky fu d k i S m ;xm ; _ ci f ; _ zp fon f ?

ud kbwif>vlrsm;vufod k ha':oef ;oef ; _rud krtyf7ci f aemufqH k ;E S Kwf

qufy G Jt_zp fvd k ;7onf hy G Jw Gi f a':oe f ;oe f ; _rud kzi fy gt_ywfaqmf7e f

ausm fausm fri f ;up dwful ;xm;avonf? ausm fausm fri f ;onfa':oef ;

oef;_rud k y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;c J h _y D ; ol hvD;ud kvnf;pky fay;7efqG Jaqmif

odr f ;oGi f ;E d li fc J h _y D ; _zpfaomfvnf; zifawmhrcs7ao;yg? a':oef;oef; _r

>apmufywfE Si f hy g ;py fwd k h tys d K7nfzsufc H _y D ;aomfvnf; zifaygufu

awmh tys d K7nfrysufao;? Øziftys d Kav;× _zpfaeao;onf? 'gajumif h

aemufqH k ;y dwftdwfESi f hvG<f qd kovd k onfaehwGifawmhzifud ky<fy<f

e< fe< fty s d K 7n fz su fum aumi f ; aumi f ;v d k ; yp fz d k h au sm f ausm fri f ;

tjuHjuD ; juHxm;onf? a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>zi fud k tys d K7nfz sufum

vd k ;E d li f7e ftwGuf qG JaqmiftoH k ;c sz d k h<lxm;onf hpmtky fr d k h zi fcsce f ;

rsm;ud ktxl;tom;ay;az:_yxm;aom ØtJife<fpy<f@S<f× ac:zifvd k ;r S K

29

txl;pmtky f _zpfonf? pmtkyfxJr St_ymyH ktrsm;p kr Sm zifvd k ;aeonf hy H k

rsm;_zpfonf?

pd k ;p d k ;onft_ymyH krsm;ud k <cifur_rifzl;yg? a<mufsm;ESi f hr de f ;r

vd k ;juwmudkvnf; rawGhbl;ao;yg? tckjunfhr<fhjunfh7awmhvnf;

wu<fhtxufwef;t_ymyH kríZif;> Øzifvd k ;py<f@S<f× pmtkyf _zpfae

7m junf h7i f ; junf h7i f ;aumi frav;7i fw'de f ;' de f ;c ke fum ptd kayguf

av;yif <m;usdus d _zpfvm7avonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;uawmh a':oef;oef; _r>apmufywfud kr@H G hr@ Sm

yif tm;7yg;77ufay;aeonf? tzkwf7ufrS Kuvnf; ynmom;_ynf h

um xdr dvGe f ;v Sonf? apmufywfE S Kw fcr f ;om;xlxlawGud kp ky fay;

30

onf? apmufywftuGJajumif;ud k@ SmESi f ht_ym;vd kufuyfum 7ufonf?

apmufaphud kvnf;pkyfonf? 7ufonf?

a':oef;oef;_rc_rmapmufywfud k7ufay;| pkyfay;rS Kud kb<fvd kr S

awmif hrcHE d li f? umrpdwfqêawGw[kef;[kef;ud kawmufavmifvmonf?

z i fq H k 0 0 ju D ;<r f ; c gon f ? ac g i f ;on fb< fnm<r f ; I a eon f ?

vufrsm;uvnf; arG h7mcif;ud kukwf_cpfvd kuf| apmufywfukef;7ufay;

aeaomausmfausm frif;>acgi f ;ud kvSr f ;ud ki fvd kuf| arG h7mud kvufoD;qkyf

_zif hxkvd kuf_zpfaeonf? aygifjuD;awGuawmh um;vd kuf| qef hvd kuf|

auG;vd kufE Si f h b<fvd kr St_i dr frae? Ed k ;juGxef _yi f ;vmaomumrqê

_ynf h0atmi f tvd k ;t7r f ;c Hc si fvmonf? vD ;u d kwr f ;wvmonf?

umrqdy fwufv Ge f ;v S7m a':oe f ;oe f ; _rwp fa<muf odp dw faw G

aysmufum w^Smief;zrf;v#uf@l;vkrwwf_zpfaeonf? tu<fIolr

apmufzkwfxJok d hvD;acsmif;juD;xk d ;oGi f ;um y<fy<fe<fe<fjurf;jurf;

7rf;7rf;tvdk;rcH7v#if @l;oGm;rSmaocsmonf?

Ø vky fawm huG<f- -ausm fausm f ? rrud kwufvd k ;y gawm h?

rrt7rf ;tvd k ;c Hc si fae_y D- -trav;av;? rif ;vD;juD;apmufywfxJ

xd k ;xnfhwmt7rf;cHcsi fae_yD od7J hvm;- -vkyfav- -wufav- -

vdk;awmhav? wufvd k;ygawmhausmfausmf7<f- -rrudkvd k ;ygawmh- -

[if;[if;[if; ×

31

7rufaZmawGt7rf ;xefumw^Sm@ l ;aeavaoma':oef ;oef ; _r

rSm aemufqH k ;wGi fb<fvd kr SraeEd li fawmhy J yg;pyfr Stomirf;irf ;xkwf

az:Ia_ymcsvd kufavonf?

Ø tckwufvd k;7rSmvm; ×

ausm fausm fri f ;uapmufywfr Sy g ;py fc Gmum a':oef ;oef ; _rud k

ay gi f jum;r Sarm f junf h _y D ;ar ;onf? ar; _y D ;aomtcg trs d K ;or D ;>

apmufywfjuD;ud k Øysyf× ueJ_rnfatmifwpfcsufukef;7ufonf? Ed k hoD;

acgif;rsm;ud kvnf; cyfememav;ud ki f!Spfay;vd kufonf?

Ø ti; f- -tif;- -tckwufvk d ;yg- -wufvd k ;yg? rrud k

!Si f ;raeeJ hawmh- -tvdk ;c Hcsi fvSyg_y D- -tzkwfvnf;t7rf;ud k<m;ae

yg_yDuG<f- - ×

a':oef ;oe f ; _rr Sm 7rufr D ;awG[ke f ;[ke f ;awmufv#uf Ø_y D ; ×

vkvk _zp faeonf? vD;acsmi f ; juD ;apmufywfxJ0i fvmr S _zp fawmhrnf?

b<fvd kr SraeE d li fawm h? b<fvd kr Svnf ;rxde f ;E d li fawm h? umrqdy f

i<fxdyfwd ki fwufum 7rufaZmawGvnf;t7rf;_yif;xefae7m bmud k

r S @Sufajumufraeawmh? umrt7omcHpm;7e fr SvG JIt_cm;bmud kr S

vnf; rodEd li fawmh?

32

a':oef ;oe f ; _ronfnmvuf_zi f h ausm fausm fri f ;>vD;acsmi f ;

juD;ud kvSrf;ud ki fqG J<lonf? rwfawmifaeaomvD;juD;onf ylaEG;um

olr>vufxJwGif wqkyfwcJtm;7p7mjuD;_zpfaeonf? vD;>tawGh

onf vufrSwqif ha':oef;oef; _r>taoG;tom;tES H hod k h pdr f h0i f _ye f h

onf? a':oef;oef; _r>wpfud k<fvH k ;juufoD;awG _zd K ;ueJ_zef ;ueJx

onf? a':oe f ;oe f ; _ru nmvufxJwGi fqky fud ki fr daomvD;juD ;ud k

tzkwf@S d7mod k h qG J<lzd k h judK;pm;onf? ausmfausmfrif;u apmufywfud k

ukef;7ufaeqJ_zpf7m b<fvd kr Stqifra_y?

Ø ausm fausm f7<f- -rrud kvd k ;y gawmh? tckcsufcsi f ;vd k ;y g

awmh? rr b<fvd kr Sratmif hE d li fawmhbl;? wufcsyguG<f? tay:

wuf_yD; t_ywfcsprf;yg- - ×

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronfy g ;py fr Stir f ;r7a_ym7i f ; b<fvuf _zi f h

o l r>ay g i f jum ; @ S d au s m f au s m f>ac g i f ;u d ktwi f ;q G J z< f yp fon f ?

a':oef;oef; _rwpfa<mufr@SufrajumufEd li fawmhatmif ESmxefae_y D

_zp fajumi f ;ud kem ;vnfonf htwGuf ausm fausm fri f ;onfapmufywf

7ufay;rS Kud k7yfum a':oef;oef;_r>aygifjum;rSacgif;ud k z<fcGmonf

_y D ;awmh trs d K ;or D ; juD ;ay:od k hwufc Gonf? a':oef ;oe f ; _ruvnf;

aygi fjuD;awGud kum;xkwf_y D ; nmvuf_zi f hqky fud ki fxm;aomvD;acsmi f ;

ju D ;u d k apmu fyw fw Gi fq G J aw hay ;v d ku fon f ? onfwp fc g awm h

tm;vH k ;tqifa_yonf? apmufywf0wGifvD;u ususeeaxmufrdonf

33

awhaxmufrdaomvdifacsmif;juD;ud k judKqd konf htvm;| a':

oef ;oe f ; _r>apmufywfE S Kwfcr f ;om;rsm;onf wqwfqwfvS Ky fc gI

vmcJ havonf? a':oef;oef; _ronf ausmfausm frif ;E Si f humrpyf<Suf

c J honf htjudr fay gi f ;renf ;v Sawm h ? onfvd kapmufywfvS Ky fc gr S Kr s d K ;

<cifur_zpfc J hay? ES Kwfqufvd k ;y G JwGi f trs d K ;orD ;juD;p dwfawGxae

atmi f ausm fausm fri f ;uxdr dp GmususeeE S d K ;q Gxm;r S K>tus d K ;quf

[komqdk7ayrnf?

Ø vD;rpkyfawmhbl;vm; rr ×

au s m f au s m f r i f ;uaw h axmu fxm ; aomv D ; a c s m i f ; ju D ;u d k

apmufacgif;aygufxJod k hxd k ;roGif;ao;yJar;onf?

Ø tckawmh t7ifvd k ;pr f ;ygausm fausm f7<f? _y D ;7i fp ky fr<f?

vd k ;yg- -xdk;oGif;prf;yg? trav;aemf ×

tvd k ;c Hcsi fp dwfawGtvGe ftrif; _yi f ; _yum vD;ud ktwrf;wjuD;

waeaoma':oef;oef;_ru a_ymonf? a_ym7if;zifqH kjuD;ud kaumhyif h

xd k ;wifonf? awhxm;aomvD;ud ktzkwfxJ0ifE d li for#0ifvmatmifvkyf

vd kuf _ci f ; _zp fonf? onfvd ktxmawGuÈr f ;aeaomausm fausm fri f ;u

zifa_ymifjuD;ud ktay:od k htomr|yif hwifxm;vd kuf7m atmufrSa':oef;

34

oef;_r>zifqH kjuD;aumhyif hwifaomfvnf; iyJuawmh apmufywfxJ

0ifroGm;cJ h? awh7ufom;taetxm;om@S daeonf? a':oef;oef;_ryd kI

r@k d ;r@G_zpfvm7avonf? apmuf7nfjunfawGyd kxGufonf?

xd k ;aumhwifvd kufaoma':oef;oef; _r>zifqH k00tdtdjuD; arG h

7may: _ye fusoGm ;aomtcgwGi fr S ausm fausm fri f ;uapmufywfxJod k h

ol hvD ;acsmi f ;juD;ud kxd k ;oGi f ;onf? ppcsi f ;z dtxd k ;wGi f 'pf _y JvefjuD;

apmufacgif;xJod k hwpf_yD;0ifonf?

Ø Aspfz Gwf- -tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -ausmfausmf7<f [if; ×

vD;oGif;c Hvd kuf7aomt7omu wpfud k<fvH k ;z de f ;@ S de f ;oGm;v#uf

vD;'pfjuD;xd k ;azguf0ifvmrS Kajumif h yguify Gi f htys d K7nfysuf_y D ;onfrSm

vy d k i f ; r #om@ S d ao ;on f h a ' :oe f ;oe f ; _ r>apmu fz kw f 0[_y J _ zp f 7 m

aqmif hIvnf;emaomajumif h trs d K ;orD ;juD;onfrsufE Smav;@S H Kr J hum

nnf;oHav;_yKvd kufr d@ Smonf? aygi f _zL_zLjuD;E Sp facsmif;uawmh yd kI

yifum;xGufoGm;onf? ausm fausm fri f ;onfwH k hqd ki f ;rae? 'pf _rKy f0i f

oGm;_y D ;aemufqufIzdxd k ;oGi f ;onf? odyfjurf;jurf;juD;aqmif hc s _ci f ;

r[kwfovdk | odyfvnf;a_z;aES;_cif;r@S d? tomyifzdIzdIqufwd kufxd k ;

oGi f ;7m vd k ;z l ; _y D ;<Ofy g ;aomvD;E Si f hapmufywfvnf; _zp faomajumi f h

iy Jacsmi f ; juD ;onf usO f ; juyfaomfvnf;y sp fc È Jaomapmuf7nfjunf

rsm;@ $r f ;@ $r f ;p d kaeonf hapmufacgi f ;aygufxJok d hwtdtdyi f tqH k ;wd ki fwd k ;

35

0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

vD ;0i fvmonfE Si f htr# a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>zi f juD ; juGjuGwuf

vmonf? aygi fjuD;rsm;vnf;y d kaxmifvmonf? apmufywfxJvD;wef

juD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ; _rKy f0i foGm; _y D ; qD;pyfE Sp fc kxduyfr doGm;cs de fr Smawmh

a':oef ;oe f ; _r>zi fjuD ;onftqif huke fwi fxm;onf hav;ud ki f ; juD ;vd k

auG;!$wfum zifom;_crf ;juD;rsm;w0ufausm fausm f | oH k ;y H kE Sp fy H kenf;

y g ;yi f ar G h7mxufr S juGwufaeonf? zi fom; _cr f ; ju D ;E Sp fc k jum;@ S d

ptd kaygufav;u [_yJav;_zpfv#uf? ausmfausm frif ;uol>ud k<fud k

a@ S hod k hcy fz dz dvky fxm;7m apmufacgi f ;aygufxJud kvD ;E Si f hxd k ;uvef hwif

ovdkrs d K ;vnf;_zpfv#uf tawGhy d kaumif;onf? tqHk;xd k ;oGif;xm;aom

vD;wef>xdyfzl;u om;tdrf0ud kususeexd k;axmufaeavonf?

Ø tm;uÈwfuÈwf- -ausm fausm f7<f- -[if;- -aumif;

vd kufwmuGm- -rrapmufywfxJr Smri f ;vD ;acsmi f ; juD ;u ody f juyf

aewmyJ- -[if;[if;[if; ×

twrf ;wjuD ;wrf ;waeaom7rufqêtwd ki f ; apmufywfxJ

vD;tqH k ;xk d ;oGi f ;umtvd k ;c Hae7_yDr d k h a':oef;oef; _ruauseyftm;7pGm

tHjudwfIa7@Gwfa_ymqd kvd kufonf?

Ø awmuf rrapmufywfuusOf;_yD;juyfaewmyJAsm- -rrudk

36

vdk;7wm tyDyJ- - ×

ausmfausmfrif;uvnf;a_ymonf?

ESp fa<mufom;judKwifZmwfwd kufxm;ovdk a@S hqif haemufqif h

ud ka_ymrdjuavonf?

Ø udki f; aqmif havuG<f ×

v D ;tq H k ; 0i f atmi fto Gi f ; c H 7 _y D ;on fu d k tm ;r7E d l i f aom

a':oef;oef;_ru a_ymvd kufonf?

Ø wtm;aqmif hvd k ;r<faemf rr ×

Ø tif;- -tif;- - ×

Ø aygifjuD;awGqG Jaxmif_yD; t_ywfaqmif hvd k ;csi fw<fAsm ×

Ø 7w<f- -7w<f- -oabm@S d judKufovdkvkyf ×

a':oef ;oef ; _ruvnf;olr>wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k ausm fausm fri f ;

oabmusvd k;E d li f7ef Ø0× uGufItyfxm;av_yD?

37

ausmfausmfrif;onf ol h Ørr× ud kpIaqmif hvd k ;onf? tm;

_yif ; _yi f ;E Si f hcy fjurf;jurf;awmh raqmif hao;yg? apmufz kwfxJ0ifae

aomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;ud ktomqG Jxkwf | 'p fay:vkvkwGi f _ye fxd k ;o Gi f ;

vd kufvkyfonf? t@S de f _yif; _yif;raqmif hao;aomfvnf; vD;wpfacsmif;

vH k ;0i fxGufr S K>tyGwftwd kufuawmh a':oef ;oef ; _rud kt7omcHpm;

7@ S daponf? c^tjumwGi f ausm fausm fri f ;uol hzi fa _ymi f juD ;ud k

b<fnm<dr f ;E G J hv S Ky f@ Sm ;onf? xk dtcgxd k ;o Gi f ; _ye fx kwfvky faeaom

vD;acsmif ;juD;uvnf; apmufywftwGify d ki f ;>b<fbufud kxd k ;z dvd kuf|

nmbufod k h apmi f ;o Gm ;v d ku fE Si f h vr f ;ajumi f ;trs d K ;r s d K ; | @ S Kaxmi f h

toG<foG<fwk d h _zif hvSKyf@ Sm;Ivmonf? xdawGhr S Ky d ky D _yifonf? a':oef;

oef;_ryd kIzDvifwufvmonf?

Ø aygi fjuD;awGud kum;Ed li foavmufum;_yD ; qG Jaxmifay;xm;

av- - ×

cyfomomvdk;ay;7if; ausmfausmfrif;ua_ymvd kufonf?

olrud kvd k ;aeonf hvD ;>t7omrSvG JI t_cm;bmud kr SrodE d li f

awmhatmifz DvifawGwufaeaoma':oef;oef ; _ronf ausm fausm fri f ;

apc d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ; c sufc si f ;v ky fonf? aygi fwe f juD ;E Sp fac smi fu d k

um;E d l i for #um;xm;onf? _y D ;awm htay:o d k hq G J axmi fv d ku fonf ?

aygi fjuD;rsm;um;Iaxmif7mwGif 'a~gufauG;ae7mud kvufESp fbuf_zif h

38

cyfwif ;wif ;ud ki fum qG J<lxde f ;ay;onf? aygi fjuD;awGud kqG Jaxmif

ay;xm;onfrSm 'l;acgi f ;rsm;onfar;aphxdvkvkyif_zpfonf? ausmf

ausmfrif;u xdkr#ud kyiftm;r7ao;yJ olhvufrsm;_zif hyg a':oef;oef;

_r>aygi fjuD;awGud kud ki fum wGe f ;vd kufao;onf? a':oef ;oef ; _r>

zifqH k00juD;r SmarG h7mrSjuGum tay:od k hwufaeonf? cg;qpfatmuf

y d ki f ;omar G h7mud kx daeavonf? ausm fausm fri f ;ucy fomomr[kwf

awmhyJ tm;xnfhumcyf_yif;_yif;aqmif hvmonf? vD;ud kyif hyif haqmif h

wi f7m a':oef ;oe f ; _r>cg ;aumhaumhwufonf? vD;t0i fuvnf;

yd keufonf? yd kIxdrdonf?

Ø bGyf- -tif h[if h[if h- - ×

Ø bGyfbGyfbGyf- -trav;av; aumif;vd kufwm ×

Ø bGyfbGyf- -tm;yg;yg; tD; ×

ausm fausm fri f ;uaqmi f hc su fr sm ;w Gi f tm;y d kIy d kIxnf hay ;

onf? aqmi f hv d k ;c sufr sm ;onf wpfc sufxufwpfc suftm;y d k _yi f ;I

xdrdvmonf?

Ø bGyf- -td k; ausmfausmf ×

tm;_yi f ;aomaqmif hc sufrsm;ajumif h a':oef;oef ; _rwpfud k<f

39

vHk;wke foGm;onf?

Ø bGyf- -tk d;rm;rm;- -[if h ×

aqmi f hc sufuyd kI_yi f ;ovd k a':oef ;oe f ; _ruvnf;y d kt7om

awGhum cg;yif<rf;oGm;onf?

Ø bGyf- -atmifr<fav; ausmfausmf7J h ×

ausm fausm fri f ;uvD;ud katmufr Stay:od k hyi f haqmif hvd k ;vd kuf7m

a' :oe f ;oe f ; _ r>vH k ; ju D ; ay gu fv Su d k< fv H k ;x G m ;x G m ;t dt d ju D ;on f

tay:od k hyi f juGwufoGm;onf? ausm fausm fri f ;onfvD ;ud ktqH k ;wd ki f

xduyfxm;7m Ed k htH k juD;awGvSr f ;qG Jonf? ZmabmfvD7iftH kvSe fcsxm;

aomajumif h yuwdtwdki f;@ S daeaomEd k htH kom;juD;rsm;ud k qG Jqkyf7wm

u wqky fwc J@ S dv Sonf? [JA D ;qd ku fjuD ; _zp faoma':oe f ;oe f ; _r>

E d k ht H k ju D ;r sm ;onf juD ;rm ;t dx Gm ;v S _y D ; uÈ JaumoD ;tjuD ;pm ;u d k

xufyd ki f ; _zwfum 7ifbwfay:uyfxm;ovdk@ S dae7m ausmfausmfrif;>

vufwpftky fru? ausm fausm fri f ;>vuf0g ;onf a':oef ;oef ; _r>

ju D ;x Gm ;r d k h 0e f ; avaomE d k ht H k ju D ;wp fc kv H k ;u d k t_yn f h rt ky f r d E d l i f ?

ausmfausm frif;onfEd k htH kjuD;rsm;ud kvufESp fbuf_zif hp H kud ki fum cyfwif;

wif;qG J!Sp fI vD;ud kqwfueJqwfueJaumhyif hwifum tm;_yif; _yif;

cyfjurf;jurf;ig;csufqufwd kufaqmif hvd k ;onf?

40

Ø bGyfbGyf- -bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ×

Ø tm;- -tm; xdw<fuGm [if;[if;- -aqmif h aqmif h

- -tJvd krs d K ;qufaqmif hyg- - ×

t7omawG humt0i fr dv Saomajumi f h a':oe f ;oe f ; _rac gi f ;

b<fnm<rf;v#uf tirf;r7a_ymonf?

ausmfausmfrif;uqufraqmif h? cyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki f!Sp fxm;

aomEd k ht H kr sm;ud kvufv$wfonf? vD;ud kvnf;apmufywfxJr SqG Jxkwf

onf? cyfjurf;jurf;ZwfueJqG Jxkwfvd kufonfrd k h vD;uykvif;bl;qd k h

juD;zGi f hovd k Ø_yGwf× [laom_rnfoHus<fus<f_zif h apmufywfrSuÈwf

xGufonf? apmufywfxJrSapmuf7nftcs d K hyift_yifod k h ØzGwf× ueJtef

xGufvmonf? a':oef;oef;_r>yg;pyfrSvnf; Øtd k ;× [ktoHxGuf onf?

aqmi f hv d k ;wmc Hv d k ht _ yw f aumi f ; a ec d ku f v D ;q G Jx kw fo G m ; aom

ajumif h qef hwiH hi H hE Si f h _zpfonf? 7rufaZmu t7rf;ud kxefonf?

Ø vm- -vD;pkyf- - ×

ausm fausm fri f ;u cyf7if h7i f hyi fa_ymqd kapck di f ;onf? aumifr

41

juD;^Smodyfxefaeajumif;7 dy fr donf htwGuf <ckvd ky d ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fa_ym

qdkapcd ki f;vd kuf_cif;_zpfonf?

p d k ;p d k ;r Sm Øumvmuvd ki f ;rufp f × pmtky fxJr Stys Hpm;y H kr sm;ud k

junf h7if ; pdwfawGxjuGvSKy f@ Sm;vmonf? onfvd kpmtky frs d K ;ud kawG h

7y H k axmufv#i f onftdr fw Gi fa<muf sm ;wp fa<mufawm h@ S d7rnf[k

vnf; tawG;aygufonf? xdkr Swzef rdrd>ta':onf xdka<musfm;

E Si f h Øc s d e f ; × awG h7e f tay:xy fo d k hwufo Gm ; _ci f ; _zp frn f[ kvnf ;

aumifrav;uawG;junfhrd_yefonf?

xd ktcs de fwGi f tay:xyfr StoHyvHrsm;ud k pd k ;p d k ;cyfoJ hoJ hjum;

vd kuf7onf? tay:xyfwGi fausmfausmfrif;E Si f ha':oef;oef;_rwd k ht_ywf

zd kufaeju7mrS ay:vmaomtoHawG_zpfonf? xdktoHrsm;onf pd k ;p d k ;

ud k aumif;aumif;v$rf;r d k ;qG Jaqmifvd kufonf? pd k ;p d k ;onftxyfcd k ;ay:

od k hwufvmcJ havonf? txyfcd k ;ay:wGifbmawG_zpfaeovJ[k pl;prf;

junf hvd kp dwf _zi f h wufvm_ci f ; _zp fonf? rsuf0g ;xifxifr_ri f7ao;

aomfvnf; olr>aoG;om;rsm;uawmhaomif;usef;aejuav_yD? t_ym

" gw fy H k aw Gx Juvd k r s d K ; aw G aw G h rn fvm ;[ k ju d Kwi fo daeovd kv d k ?

42

junf hvufpwef;vef; Øumvmuvd ki f ;rufp f × pmtky fonf aumifr

av;>vufxJwGif ud ki fv#ufom;ygvmcJ honf?

txyfc d k ;ay:od k hvSr f ;wufvm7m toHwd k huvnf;y d kIy D _yi fvm

juonf?

Ø wtm;aqmif hvd k ;r<faemfrr- - ×

a<musfm;wpfa<muf>pum;oH? yD_yifp Gmjum;7onf? toH

onftxyfcd k ;>tcef;ESp fc kteufrS wbufcef;xJrSay:vm_cif;_zpfonf?

xd ktcef;xJwGifbmawG_zpfaeonfud k rsufaphESi f hwyftyfr_rifao;aomf

vnf ; jum;7onf hpum;o Ht7 umrpy f< Su faeajumi f ; p d k ; p d k ;

em ;vnfod@ S dum 7i fawGy d k c k e fvmonf? use faeao;aomavSum;

xpfud kcy f _re f _re fei f ;wufum toHrsm;ay:xGuf7mtcef;qDod k hc sO f ;uyf

vmcJ havonf? xdkod k hcsO f;uyfoGm;cd kuf toHawGud kxyfrHIyDyDooyif

jum;7_yefonf?

Ø tif;- -tif; ×

rde f;roH? a':oef;oef;_r>toH_zpfonf?

Ø aygifjuD;awGud kqG Jaxmif_yD; t_ywfaqmif hvd k ;csi fw<fAsm×

43

Ø 7w<f- -7w<f oabm@S d judKufovdkvkyf ×

olrta':| a':oef;oef;_ru t@Suftajumufr@S d 7uf7uf

a7ma7ma_ymqd kaeoHawGud k | em;axmif7olpd k ;p d k ;ud k pdwfyd kvS Ky f@ Sm;ap

onf?

tce f ;onf oH k ;xyfom;tjurf ;pm;rsm;e Si h f _zp fovd kum7Hxm;

onf? wHcg;vnf;r@S d ? onfawmhp d k ;p d k ;tae_zi f htcef ;xJr S _ri fuGi f ;uk d

acsmi f ; junf hz d k h bmrSrc J<Of ;? teD ;qH k ;ae7mwGi f@ S daomoH k ;xyfom;

tayguft_yJjum;rSaeI tcef;xJod k htomacsmif;junfhvd kufavonf?

tce f ;x J@ S d c Hwi fxufwGi f olr>ta': |a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronf

toufi< fi< faumi f av;wp fa<mu fE S i f humrpy f< Su faeonfu d k

p d k ;p d k ;wpfa<mufxifxif@ Sm;@ Sm;juD;yi f awG h _ri f7avonf? a':oef;

oef;_ronf twGif;c Hy dwfpuyfESi f hZmabmfvD@S daeaomfvnf; puyfu

cg;ay:vefwufum ZmabmfvD>ykcke f ;od ki f ;judK;rsm;qG Jcs_y D ; 7iftH krsm;

vSe fxm;aomajumif h v# d K h0 Suf7rnf htomqd ki fr sm;tm;vH k ;ay:wifjuD;

_zpfaeonf? a':oef;oef;_rESi f hpyf<Sufaeonfhaumifav;uawmh bm

t0wftpm;rSr@S d? ud k<fwH k ;vH k ;juD;?

tys d Krav;p d k ;p d k ;tae_zi f h a<mus fm;ys d Kwpfa<mufud k yxr

44

qHk ;tjudr f ud k<fwH k ;vH k ; _ri fz l ; _ci f ; _zp fonf? pd k ;p d k ;onfol>0wfvpf

pvpfud k<fvH k ;ud kaocsmpGmyifpl;p d kufjunfhr davonf? xd kolonf a':

oef;oef;_r>udk<fay:wGif ukef;vd kuf| juGvd kuf| zifa_ymifjuD;vSKyf

vd kufESi f h @S daeonf? Øvd k ;× ae_cif;_zpfajumif; pd k ;p d k ;txmaygufonf?

E Sp fa<mufom;c Gv#u fom;r d k h ay gi fc Gq H kr sm ;w Gi f _zp fy su fr S Ku d k awm h

p d k ;p d k ;y D _yi fp Gmr_ri fE d li fy g? od k haomfapmapmav;wGi furS tonf;wef

t lwke fz G< f7mjunf hc J h7 _y D ; <ckwd ki fvufxJwGi fq ky fu d ki fy gvmaom

Øumvmuvdki f;rufpf× ríZif;xJrSt_ym"gwfyH krsm;wGifygovdk vdift~Fg

c si f ;wpfvpfjuD; xd k ;oGi f ;v#ufom;@ S daernfud kawmh pd k ;p d k ;taee_zi f h

r Se f ;qyH kaz:_rifa<mifEd li fonf?

Ø aygi fjuD;awGud kum;Ed li foavmufum;_yD ; qG Jaxmifay;xm;

av- - ×

a<mus fm ;y s d K>a_ymoHay:vmonf? pum;tqH k ;wGi fa':oef ;

oef ; _r>aygi fjuD;rsm;axmifwufvm_y D ; vuf_zi f hqG J<lxde f ;ay;vd kuf

onfud k pd k ;p d k ;awG h _ri f7onf? aygi faxmifumzifjuGoGm;onf htwGuf

apmufywfjuD ;xJok d hv D ; juD ;xk d ;oGi f ; _ye faqmi f hvky fay;aer S Kud k p d k ;p d k ;

tae_zi f h waphwapmif ; _ri fvmonf? 7ifvnf;y d kc ke fonf? rsufE Sm

awG y lx lz de f ;@ S d e f ;onf ? _y D ;awm hp d k ;p d k ;>ay gi fc G jum;w Gi fvnf ;

t7nfawGt7rf;p d kaeygava7mvm;? aygi f7i f ;c GqH ktzkwfuvnf;azgi f ;

vk d h | _yD;awmh <m;ovdkvd k bmvdkvd kE Si f h wpfrs d K ;juD;ygyJ?

45

Ø bGyf- -tif h[if h[if h[if h- - ×

Ø bGyfbGyfbGyf- -trav;av; aumif;vd kufwm ×

Ø bGyfbGyf- -tm;yg;yg; tD; ×

tay:r Swufc Gvd k ;aeol>vSKy f@ Sm ;r S Ky d ko Gufovd k | toHawGu

vnf;y d k _rnfvmonf? pd k ;p d k ;uvnf;p dwfy d kvS Ky f@ Sm;vm7onf? rdr d>

aygifc Gjum;ud k tvdkvd kyifvuf_zif htkyfud ki fjunfhr donf?

Ø bGyf- -td k; ausmfausmf ×

Ø bGyf- -td k; rm;rm;- -[if h ×

Ø bGyf- -atmifr<fav; ausmfausmf7J h ×

aqmif hvd k ;oHawGyd kus<fvmovdk a':oef;oef;_r>a7@Gwf_rnf

wrf;oHrsm;uvnf; yd kus<fonf? a':oef;oef;_r>a7@GwfoHrsm;rSae

I wufvd k;aeol>trnfrSm Øausmfausmf× _zpfajumif; pd k ;p d k ;odvm7

onf?

46

ausm fausm fonfa':oef;oef; _r>Ed k htH k juD;E Sp fc kud k ud ki fqG J!Sp f

um wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ae7m ud k<fwd ki fud k<fustvd k ;c Hae7aom a':

oef;oef ; _rrqd kxm;bd| acsmi f ;junf haeaompd k ;p d k ;yi fv#i f tonf;w

<m;<m;| juufoD;wzsef;zse f ;xaeonf? pd k ;p d k ;onf tkyfud ki fr daom

rdrd>aygifc Gjum;rSrde f ;rwefqmudky GwfIyifaerdonf? b<folrSvmoif

ay;vd k hawmhr[kwf? obm0tav#muf tvdkvd kvkyfr d _cif;yif? xd kod k h

ud k<f htzkwfud k<fy Gwfay;r S Kajumif h ay:aygufvmaomxdawG hr S Ktm@ k H

t7omudkvnf; 7ifwzd kz d kE Si f hc Hpm;aerdonf?

E d k hq G JIaqmi f h aomtcg ausm f ausm f>aqmi f hv d k ; c su fonf

apmapmuxufyd k _refum_yif;vmajumif; pd k ;p d k ;owd_yKrdonf? a':oef;

oef;_raumhys Hvl;vGef haeonfud kvnf; awGhae7onf?

Ø bGyfbGyf- -bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ×

Ø tm;- -tm;| xdw<fuGm- -[if;[if;- -aqmif h- -

aqmif h- -tJvd krs d K ;qufaqmif hyg- - ×

a':oef;oef; _r>7rufaZmt_ynf h _zi f h tirf;r7a_ymqd kaqmif h

vd k ;c d ki f ;oHu jum;7olpd k ;p d k ;twGuf7ifodrf hwkefp7m?

xd kaemufwufvd k ;aeolausm fausm fu vD;juD ;ud kqwfueJqG J

47

_zKwfvd kufwmud k pd k ;p d k ; _rif7onf? apmufywfxJrSvDacsmif;juD;uÈwf

GxGufoGm;oH Ø_y Gwf× qd kwmeJ ha':oef;oef ; _r> Øtd k ; × [k_rnfwrf;

vd kufoHrsm;ud k jum;7onf? vD;qG Jxkwfvd kufItzkwfjuD;r_y Jw_y JE Si f h

t7nft7$r f ;om;use faec J hy H kE Si f h apmufywfxJr SqG Jxkwf<lvd kufaom

vD;acsmi f ;juD;t7nfawG@$ Jp d ka_ymifvufrwfawmifum waig haig h _zp f

aeyH kwd k hy g _ri f7av7m pd k ;p d k ;r Smud k<f htzkwfud k<fz dIzdItyDyify Gwfaerd

onf? olr>udk<fae[efxm;rSmvnf; a_caxmufrsm;um;v#uf cyf

uGuG_zpfaeonf?

Ø vm- -vD;pkyf- - ×

ausm fausm f>yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fa _ymqd kapc d ki f ;vd kufoHu pd k ;p d k ;ud k

tonf;at;ausm@k d ;p dr f hoGm;aponf?

a':oef;oef;_ronf tawmfud kt@SuftajumufjuD;vSajumif;

p d k ;p d k ;odxm;pnf? ausm fausm fc k di f ;onf hnpfnrf ;aomtvky fr s d K ;ud kvky f

v dr f h rn frxi f ? xd ko d k h a _ymqd k apc d k i f ;r S KtwGu f a':oe f ;oe f ; _ru

ausm fausm fud k7e fawG hpum;yi fa_ymvdr f hrnf? yG Jvnf;ysufoGm;rnf[k

yif pd k ;p d k ;xifrdonf?

od k haomf- -?

p d k ;p d k ;>txifE Si f hvufawG ht_ri fuawmh ygpi fatmifvG Jonf?

48

a':oef ;oe f ; _ronf ausm fausm f hud k7e fawG hpum;qd k7e fa0;p G ? ausm f

ausm f>pum;qH k ;onfE Si f h yufvufvSe ft dy fae7mr S vl;vJxonf?

ausm fausm fonf arG h7may:zifcsxd ki fvd kufonf? a':oef;oef ; _ronf

ausm fausm f>eHab;em;wGi f' l ;wkwfxd ki fum ud k<fud kuke f ;Iausm fausm f

>vD;ud k yg;pyfE Si f hi H kumpkyfavawmhonf? vd k ;ae7mrSapmufywfxJu

qGJxkwf<lvmIapmuf7nfjunfrsm;ayusHaeaomvD;ud k vH k ;0@G H@ Sm_cif;

r@S dy J yg;pyfE Si f hi H kumpkyfaewmud kjunfh7if; pd k ;p d k ;r Sm7ifw'de f ;' de f ;c ke f

Ivmonf ? âa _ê ju D ;um tvGe fvn f ; @ Su f a jumu fww faom

rdr d>ta':| a':oef;oef; _rbmajumif honfvd krs d K ;t@Suftajumufr@S d

awmhonfhta_cod k h qd kufa7muf7onfud k pd k ;p d k ;rawG;wwfay?

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronfausm fausm f>vD;ud k tm;7yg ;7yi fuke f ;I

pkyfae7m vD;pky foHw_yGwf_yGwfyif_rnfaeonf? trSeftwd ki f ;qd k7v#if

a':oef;oef;_r vD;rpkyfcsi fay? pufqkwfonf? od k haomf7rufaZm

49

t7r f ; E d k ; ju Gum w^Smaw Gxe f _ yi f ;vmaomtc gr s m ;w G i f awm h |

a':oef;oef;_ronf pufqkwf@G H@ Sm_cif;tvsOf;r@S dawmhyJ vD;ud ktirf;

r7yif p ky fay;r davawmhonf? Øtys d K juD ;rr× a':oef ;oef ; _r

wpfa<muf onfvd kta_ctaers d K ; _zpfaeatmifvnf; ausm fausm frif ;

u t_ywfusH K;oGif;um tyd ki fyifud ki fxm;onf?

ausm fausm frif ;u vD;p ky faeaom a':oef;oef; _r>zifjuD;ud k

vSrf;ud ki fonf? zspf!Spfonf? zsef;ueJ| zsef;ueJaeatmifyif vuf0g;

_zif h cyfqwfqwfav;ykwfvd kufao;onf?

[JAD ;qd kufjuD;_zpfaoma':oef;oef; _r>zifonfvnf; 00juD;

_zpfonf? t<faeonf? zif0aomrdef;rjuD;rsm;_zpfwwfonfh zifom;

tdaysm h _ci f ;rs d K ;vnf;r@S d ? zifom;rsm;onfvH k ;usp fum wif;7if ;onf?

ql _z d K ;onf? <cka':oe f ;oe f ; _ru ausm fausm fri f ;>aygi f jum;ud k

uke f ;um0y fum vD;p ky faeav7m zi fy lawmi f ;axmi fxm;ovd kr s d K ;r d k h

zi fjuD;u um;csi fwd ki f ;um| tdcsi fwd ki f ;tdaeonf? ausm fausm fri f ;

tz d k h a':oef ;oe f ; _r>zi fom;juD ;r sm;ud k vSr f ;Iy Gwfud ki fz sp f!Sp f7|

hy kwfay;7onfrSm Zdr fawG hvSonf? xd kenf;wl acsmif ;junf haeaom

pdk;pd k;tzd k hrSmvnf; zDvifawGwuf_yD;7if;wufae7avonf? zDvifwufav|

r d r d a y g i f j u m ; r S a p m u f y w f u d k y d k y G w f | y d k E S d K u f a v |

apmufywfxJrSt7nfjunfawGyd kxGuf_yD; yd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;um ~emr_idrf

_zpfavESif h tysd Krav;vnf; 7ifodrf hwkefarm[dkufvSKyf@Sm;ae7av onf?

50

ausmfausmfrif;u zifom;juD;awGud kom yGwfoyfzspf!Spf_cif;

r[kwf? apmufywfud kvnf;xd k ;E S d Kufao;onf? yGwfao;onf? xdk h _yif

pt d k a y gu fu d k y g rawm fwqx dov d kv d k bmv d kv d k E S i f hx d k ;uv d

ay;ao;onf? zi fptd kuvdc H7aomtcgrsm;wGi f a':oef ;oe f ; _rwpf

a<mufxl;_cm;aomumrtm@k Hrsm;ud k cHpm;7@S dovdk_zpfonf?

Ø rr av;bufaxmuf_yD;uke f ;vd kuf? uÈefawmfaemufuae

csay;r<f? 'grSvD;t0ifyd keuf_yD; yd kc Hvd k haumif;rSm ×

7ru f a Z m aw Gt7r f ;xe f _ y i f ; a e aoma' :oe f ;oe f ; _ ron f

ausmfausmfrif;a_ymqd konf htwd ki f ;yif av;bufaxmufum ukef;ay;

vd kufavawmhonf?

ac smi f ; junf haeolp d k ;p d k ;r S mvnf ; vufxJwGi fu d k i fxm;aom

Øumvmuvdki f;rufpf× pmtkyfrSm uef hvef huef hvef hE Si f h @S Ky fovdk_zpfae

7m tomjurf;_yifay:od k hcsxm;vd kufonf? rwfwwf7yfv#ufracsmif;

awmhy J aqmi f hajumi f hxd ki fac smi f ;onf? acsmi f ; junf h7i f ;tz kwfud k

E S d Kufum yGwfaeonf? rdrd>Ed k htH krsm;ud kvnf; yGwfud ki f!Spfaerdonf

ausmfausmfrif;u olha@S hwGi fav;bufukef;aeaoma':oef;oef;

_r>zifom;juD ;E Sp fc kud k b<fnmvufrsm; _zi f hud ki fonf? zi fjuD ;u

51

Ektd _zLaz G ;wif ;7i f ;aeonf? av;bufuke f ;xm;onf htwGuf aygi fc G

jum ;r S apmu fyw f ju D ;onf aemu fo d k h _ y L ;Iwp fvp fx Gu faeonf ?

zi fom;juD ;E Sp fc k jum; tuG Jajumi f ;tv<favmufwGi fawmh ptd k0

av;u plp ly H k hy H k hav;@S daeonf? zifom;juD;rsm;_zLazG ;tkaeaomfvnf;

ptd kaygufuawmh !d kwd kwd kav;? plIjuGaeonf? ziftys d Kppfppf _zpf

ajumif ;odxm;onfr d k h xd kzi faygufav;ud k junf h7i f ; ausm fausm fri f ;

w HawG ;yi f _y Gw fue J rs d Kr donf? zi fom;juD ;E Sp f _cr f ;u d k vuf _zi f h

zsp f!Spfud ki f7if; tomqGJ _z Jonf? zif_y JoGm;rS KE Si f htwl ptd kaygufu

yd kIay:vGifvmonf?

zifvd k ;csi fp dwfud ktomxde f ;7i f ; ol hvD;ud kapmufz kwf0wGi fawh

um zdxd k ;oGif;vd kufonf? ausmfausmfrif;onfajumifvdrfoGif;enf;

u d ko H k ;um vD ; ju D ;u d ktomvSn f humywfumapmi f ;um0 d ku fum_zi f h

w7pfcsi f ;xd k ;oGi f ;onf? vD;t0ifxdrdvSay7m a':oef;oef;_rwqwf

qwfwke f7i faeonf? yg ;py fr Svnf; Øaumi f ;vd ku fwm- -aumi f ;

v d ku fwm- -× [laompum;ud k xy f _ye fwvJvJa7@ Gw faeonf?

zifjuD;ud k yd kIyd kIaumhyif hay;onf? ud k<ftxufyd ki f ;onf atmuf

od k hy dIydIusonf? cg;uvnf; auG;!$wfvmonf? apmufywfxJod k h

vD ;acsmi f ;juD;u wxpfcsi f ;wd k ;0i fonf htoHawGu Asp fueJz GwfueJ

rwd k ;rus<fay:xGufaeonf?

acsmi f ;junf haeaom pd k ;p d k ;onf apmufywfxJvD;0i fxGufae

52

aom toHrsm;ud kaumif;aumif;jum;7onf? vD;utzkwfxJw7pfcsif;

wp fIwp fIwd k ;0i fo Gm ;y H ku d kvnf ; uGu fu Gu fu Gi f ;u Gi f ; _ri f7onf?

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronf r su fv H k ;r s m ;ar S ;pi f ;um ud k< ftxufy d k i f ;u

atmufod k hcsv#uf zifqH kjuD;uaxmifwufvmyH kud kvnf; pvd k ;r d k ;@ Si f ;

A D' D<d k _yuGufvd k @Sif;@ Si f;vif;vif;_rifae7onf?

aumifrav;pdwfrvSKyf@ Sm;yJ b<faeEd li fyg hrvJ? 7rufpdwfawG

wd k ;vd k hwd k ;vd k hwufvmonf? pd k ;p d k ;onf a':oef;oef;_rvd k ydwfpuyf

r0w fxm ; ? xr D atmu fw G i f E d l i fv G e ftw Gi f ; c H abmi f ;b Dw d k e H h e H h

av;om 0wfxm;onf? ud k<f htzkwfud k<fwd ki fy Gwf7mES d Kuf7mwGi f

ppc si f ;xr Day:r Su d k i fonf ? y Gw fonf? aemufy d k i f ;aqmi f h a jumi f h

xd ki fumacsmi f ;junf haomtcg atmufpvefaeaomxrDjum;rSvufud k

txJxd k ;um yGwfE S d Kufc J honf? apmufywfxJut7nfjunfawGxGuf

vm7m twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDc G jum;wpfae7mud kp d kum ap;uyfuyfE Si f h

tae7cufvmonf? xdk h _yiftzkwfud kud ki fy Gwf7mwGif twGif;c HyifwDu

jum ;c H a e7m tm ;r7ov d k _ zp fon f ? x d k a jumi f h a ' :oe f ;oe f ; _ r

vD ;toGi f ;c H7I zi f juD ;aumhaxmi f | ud k<ftxufy d ki f ;y d _ym;usvm

onftxd zDvifawGwuf| t7omawG haewmud kjunf h7i f ; pd k ;p d k ;u

vnf; r dr d>twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDud kqG Jc Èwfyp fvd kufonf? uÈwfoGm;

aomtwGi f ;c Habmif ;bDwd kav;ud k umvmuvd ki f ;rufp fríZi f ;ab;em;

wGi f csxm;vd kufonf? xd kaemuftcktcHtumtuG<fr@S dawmhaom

rdrdapmufywfud k ususeeyifud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfum ausmfausmfrif;ESi f h

53

a':oef;oef; _rwd k hE Sp fa<mufvd k ;juonfud k qufvufacsmi f ;junf hae

avonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;uajumifvdr foGi f ;enf;_zif hxdxdr dr dxd k ;oGi f ;aom

vD;acsmi f ;juD; a':oef;oef; _rapmufz kwfxJod k h tqH k ; _rKy f0i foGm;av

_yD? vD;tqH k ;0ifatmifoGi f ; _y D ;onfESi f h ausmfausmfrif;onf cyfa_z;

a_z;oGif;xkwfvSKy f@ Sm;_cif;yifr_yKawmhyJ tm;xnfhumw7jurf;aqmif h

onf? tqH k ;0i faeaomvD;juD;ud kqwfueJqG Jxkwfonf? 'pfatmuf

buft7pftzkwf0r S _yLxGufvmonfE Si f h vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud kapmufywf

xJod k h tm;_zif h _yefaqmif hxd k ;oGif;vd kufonf?

Ø bGyf- - ×

vD;juD;onft@S de f _yif;_yif;_zif h apmufywfxJwd k ;0ifonf? vD;

aqmif hoGi f ;oHay:xGufovd k | a':oef;oef ; _r>azG;tkaeaom wifyg;

juD;rSmvnf; aqmif hcsuft@S de f _zif h odrf hueJvSKyfcgonf?

Ø tm;yg;yg;- -ausmfausmf7<f ×

aqmif hc suft7omajumif h trs d K ;orD;yg ;py fr Sa7@Gwf_rnfwrf;

oHay:vmonf?

Ø bGyfAspf ×

54

ausmfausmfu aemufwpfcsufxyfaqmif hvd kuf_yefonf?

Ø tm;tD;tD;- -aumif;vd kufwm- - ×

a':oef;oef;_ryg;pyfrS atmf[pfoHay:vm_yefonf?

Ø bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ×

ausmfausmfu oHk;csufqif humaqmif honf?

Ø tm;tD;tD;- -td k;- - ×

t7omyd kaumif ;aomajumif ha':oef ;oef ; _rr Sm wpfud k<fvH k ;

wke fcgv#uf yg;pyfr Svnf;judwfIa7@GwfoHawGay:xGufonf? oH k ;cs D

qufwd kufaqmif hvd k ;ay;vd kufr S Konf a':oef ;oef ; _rwpfud k<fvH k ;ud k

Ør D ; × y Gi f ho Gm;aponf? zi fjuD ;t_ywf<rf ;umaumhwifay;vmonf?

axmufxm;aoma_caxmufrsm;yif cyfuGuG_zpfonf? ausmfausmfrif;

onf qufwd ku fyi fwtm;us H K ;umaqmi f hv d k ;onf? aqmi f hv d k ;7i f ;

zifom;00_zd K;_z d K ;juD;ESp f _crf;ud k t_ywfud kqG JIqG JI_zJaeonf?

zifjum;rSptk daygufrSmvnf; [_yJ_zpfIvmonf? ausmfausmf

55

rif ;onf xd kptk daygufay:od k hwHawG;axG;c sonf? onfvd ktvky fr s d K ;

vky faejurd k h zifaygufwnf hwnf hay:od k hwHawG;rsm;usonf? at;puf

pufwHawG;rsm;usvmrS Kajumif h a':oef;oef; _r>ptd kayguf@ S H K hc si fovd k

vd k _zpfonf? ausmfausm frif;utyDqG J _z Jxm;aomajumif h zifaygufu

odyfawmh@S H K hroGm;? plyGp ly Gawmh_zpfaeonf?

Ø ausmfausmf- -[if h- -zif0ud k- -bmvdk h td k ;tarh- -

wHawG;axG;cs7wmvJ [if htdtd- - ×

a':oef;oef;_ruar;onf? ausmfausmfrif;u cyf_ref_ref| cyf

oGufoGuf | tm;_yi f ; _yi f ;aqmi f hv d k ;wmud kvnf;c Hae7av7m tar;

pum;u racsmarm? aqmi f hc su fr sm ;ajumi f htouf@ S Lr Sm ;aeonf h

twGuf pum;uvnf;xpfxpfaig haig h _zpfaeonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;>_yi f ;xefxdr daomaqmif hvd k ;c sufrsm;u a':

_zpfvmonf?

Ø rrudk zifvd k ;ay;rvd k h? zif0rSmwHawG;qGwfwmyg? ×

ausmfausmfrif;u aqmif hcsuft@S de fud kav#mhcs_yD;a_ymonf?

Ø_yD;× vkvk_zpfaeaoma':oef;oef;_rrSmawmh aqmif hcsuft@S de f

ud kavsmhum tm;aysmhaES;auG;oGm;wmudktm;rvd ktm;r7_zpfum zif

56

juD;ud kaumhaumhaxmifum aemufod k hwGef;ay;onf?

Ø aqmif havausmfausm f7<f- -[if h bmvd k ht@S de faES ;oGm;7

wmvJ- -aqmif hyguG<f h- -aqmif hprf;yg- -rr vmawmhr<f ×

yg;pyfrSvnf; a_ymqd kawmif;cHonf?

Ø zifvd k ;r<faemf rr ×

ausm fausm fri f ;ua_yma_ymqd kqd k a':oef;oef; _rapmufywfxJ

rS olhvD;acsmif;juD;ud kqG Jxkwfvd kufonf?

aqmif hc suftm;aysm haE S ;auG ;oGm;onfud kyi f tm;rvd ktm;r7

_zpfaeavaoma':oef;oef;_rrSm vD;uÈwfxGufoGm;awmh yd kIqef hwiH h

i H h _zpf7onf? 7nf;pm;yifrxm;zl;yJ onftouft@G<ftxd Øtys d KjuD;×

v k y f v m c J h _ y D ; a u s m f a u s m f r i f ; E S i f h a w G h u m r S u s o G m ; u m

y<fy<fe<fe<ftvd k ;c Hae7aoma':oef;oef; _rr Sm Øzifvd k ; × rS Kud kem;

rvnf? apmufywfud kvd k ;ovd kyi f zifaygufud kvnf;vd k ;vd k h7ajumif;

rod? _yD;awmh a':oef;oef;_rtae_zif h olr>rdef;rt~Fgud k Øapmufywf×|

Ø a p mu f z kw f × [ k y i f a c :q d k _ c i f ; r _ y K y J Ø z i f × [ komo H k ; E S K e f ;

c J honf? a':oef;oef; _rtwGuf Øzif × qd konfrSm apmufywf[kyif

t"dÑg<foufa7mufonf? ausmfausmfrif;u Øzifvd k ;rnf× [ka_ym

57

vmaomtcg apmufywfud kcsrnf[kom xifrd@Smonf?

Ø _y D ; × vkvkz DvifawGwufum vD;>tvd k ;taqmif hud kvnf;

t_ywfwrf ;wvd kvm;aeonf h7rufaZmxufoe fr S Kuvnf;@ S daeav7m

ausmfausmfrif;u wu<fyifzifaygufxJvD;juD;xk d ;oGif;um vdk;awmh

rnfvnf;vH k ;0rxifaomajumif h tirf;r7yif_yefa_ymrdonf?

Þ vd k;ygausmfausmf7J h- -wtm;aqmif hvd k ;ay;vd kufprf;yguG<f -

- ß

ausmfausmfrif;onf a':oef;oef;_r>pum;tqHk;wGif apmuf

ywfxJrSol hvD;acsmif;juD;ud k qwfueJqG Jxkwfonf? xk daemufwHawG;

r sm;axG;c sxm;_y D ; _zp fonf ha':oef ;oef ; _r>ptd kaygufwGi f vD;ud kawh

onf? awh_y D ;onfE Si f htm;p d ku fum vD;ud kz dx k d ;o Gi f ;vd ku favawmh

onf? <ckvd kapmufywfvd k ;ae7mr S zi fxJod k hv Da_ymi f ;xd k ;xnf hum

zifaqmfonf htvky frs d K ;ud k ausm fausm fri f ;aumif;aumif;uÈr f ; _y D ;om;?

onfawmh tcs de ftqrSe fuefonf? wdusonf? _refvnf;_re fonf?

Ø cÈwf-awh-oGif;× vkyfaqmifcsufoH k ;c kud k rsufpdwrS dwfv#yfw_yuf

r #w d k awmi f ;v Saomtc s d e ftwGi f ; o Gu fvuf _re fqe fum twdr f ;

tapmi f ;tvG Jtacsm fr@ S d | r Se fue fwdusp Gmqufwd ku fvky faqmi fvd ku f

onf?

58

a':oe f ;oe f ; _rwp fa<muf bmawGb<fvd k _zp fu ke fajumi f ;

a7a77m7mrodEd li fr Smyif vD;'pfjuD;zi facgi f ;aygufxJ_rKy f0i foGm;onf?

a':oef;oef ; _rr Sm zifvd k ;rc Hbl;ao;aomfvnf; ausm fausm fri f ;>vD;

ac smi f ; ju D ;w Gi f apmufywfr St7nfjunfawG @ $ Jp d k a _ymi fvufum

qDokwfxm;ovd kacsmaerS K | zif0wGifvnf;wHawG;rsm;p d kaeatmifaxG;cs

xm;rS K | zifvd k ;7mwGiftxmuÈrf;aom ausmfausmfrif;>vD;acsmif;juD;

ud ktaetxm;rSe fuefp Gm oGi f ;vd kufr S Kwd k hajumif h vD;wefxdy fz l ;'p f _y J

vefjuD ;onf usO f ; juyfvSaomptd k0av;ud k juyfody fp Gmxd k ;azguf

um zifacgif;xJwdk;0ifoGm;onf? ptdk0wGifusdrf;pyfemjuifaom a0'emudk

a ' :o e f ;o e f ; _ r _ y i f ; _ y p G m c H p m ;v d ku f 7on f ? x d k t c gw G i f r S

r dr d>zifaygufxJod k h vD;acsmif;juD;wd k ;0ifvmajumif;ud k a':oef;oef;

_r odvd kuf7avawmhonf? @Sufvd kufwmvnf;ra_ymygESi f hawmh? em

juifrS Kuvnf; _yif;_yvSonf?

Ø atmifr<fav;av;- -emvd kufwm- -tm;tm;? b<fxJ

ud kxd k ;xnfhwmvJausmfausmf7J h aoyg_yD tm;tm; ×

a':oef ;oef ; _ru emjuifp Gmatmf[pfonf? ememjuifjuif

atmfvd kufaom a':oef ;oef ; _r>atmfoHonf acsmi f ;junf haeaom

p d k ;p d k ;u d kyi f 7i fw ke fye f ;w ke f _zp fo Gm ;aponf? ab;r S junf haeaom

ajumif h pd k ;p d k ;tae_zif ha':oef;oef; _r>zifaygufxJod k h vD;acsmi f ;juD;

wpfvpfwd k ;0ifr S Kud k _rif7onf? pd k ;p d k ;r Smt7rf;ud k7ifc ke fp dwfvSKy f@ Sm;oGm;

59

onf? Ed k ;juGaeaom7rufaZmwd k h yd kI'D~7D_rif hwufonf? xdk7ruf>

aphaqmfrS K _zif h pd k ;p d k ;onftvdktav#mufyif rdrd>ptd kaygufud k vuf

!S d K ; _zi f hx d k ;v d ku fr donf? p d k ;p d k ;r Smaqmi f hajumi f hx d ki faeaomajumi f h

ptd k0_y JwJwJav;_zpfaeonf? ud k<f htzkwfud kvuf!S d K ; _zif hy Gwfaecs de fr d k h

vuf!S d K ;wGifvnf; apmuf7nfjunfawGpd kaeonf? xdkajumif ha':oef;

oef;_r>zifaygufxJod k h ausmfausmfrif;uvD;oGif;wm_rif7aomajumif h

a<mi f awmi fum u d k< f h z i f ay gu fu d kvu fE S i f hx d k ; r d aomp d k ; p d k ; r S m

zifacgi f ;xJod k hvuf!S d K ;av#mueJ0ifvmrS Kud kc H7avawmhonf? pd k ;p d k ;r Sm

vnf;wu<fhtys d Kppfppfav;? ptd kxJud kvufacsmif;xk d ;oGi f ;r daomtcg

ptd k0onf pyfzsif;zsif;emoGm;onf?

Ø [m- -0ifoGm;_yD uÈwfuÈwf [if h ×

pd k ;p d k ;>yg;pyfrSvnf;toHawGxGufoGm;onf?

xd kod k htoHawGxGufoGm;awmhr S pd k ;p d k ;tenf;i<f Øodp dwf×_yef

0ifonf? rdrd>atmfoHud k tdyfcef;xJwGifzifvd k ;aejuonfhpH kwG J jum;

oGm;avovm;[kvnf; pd k ;7dr fr donf?

ud k<f hc Hpm;rS KE Si f hud k<f zDvifawGwufaejuaoma':oef;oef;_r

wd k hp H kwG Jr Sm pd k ;p d k ;>atmfoHud k rjum;rdjuay? olwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf

tcktcg ywf0ef;usifud karhovdk_zpfaeju_yD? ausmfausmfrif;u usOf;

juyfvSaomapmufacgi f ;txdtawG hud k t7rf;ud kauseyfE Sp foufz Dvif

60

wufaeovd k | a':oe f ;oe f ; _rc _rmr Smvnf ; emjui fx dw fve f h@ Su f

ajumufrSKwd k hE Si f htwl pyfzsif;zsif;xl;_cm;aomzifvd k;c HrS Kt7om udkvnf;

rodromcHpm;7um t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?

rdr d>zifaygufxJvDacsmif ;juD;wd k ;0ifaerS Kud kodI a':oef;oef;

_ru atmf[pfnnf;wGm;vd kufonf htcs de fwGi f(ausm fausm fri f ;onf'p f

_r Ky f0i fo Gm ; _y D ;aemuf qufIz do Gi f ;aeav7m) olr>zi fay gu fx J

vD ;w0ufr@ S dw@S davmuf 0i fae_y D _zp fonf? emjuif@ Sufajumufr S K

ajumif h a':oef;oef; _r@ke f ;uefxGufr donf? zifvd k ;r S KtawG htjuHK

aumi f ;aumi f ;@ S dxm;aomausm fausm fri f ;tz d k h a':oef ;oe f ; _r@ ke f ;ue f

xGufEd li fajumif; odxm;av7m judKwif_yifqifrS Ktoif h@ S daeonf?

ausmfausmfrif;u a':oef;oef;_r>cg;ud ktyd ki fud ki fI qG Jxde f ;

xm;av7m trs d K ;orD ;juD ;c_rm b<fvd kr S@ ke f ;rxGufE d li f@ Sm? cg;ud k

tyd ki fqG Jxde f ;xm;7if ; ausm fausm fri f ;uqufIzdoGi f ;onf? a':oef;

oef ; _r@ ke f ;uefaeonf hjum;r Syi f zi faygufxJod k hvD ;acsmi f ;juD ;y d kIy d kI

wd k;wd k ;0ifonf? 'pfjuD0ifae_yDrd k h vD;0ifvrf;ajumif;u yGif haeonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;r Smvnf ; r de f ;rawGud kzi fc sonf htawG htjuH Kaumi f ;

aumif ;@ S dxm;av7m vD;ud kb<fvd k0i fatmifoGi f ;7rnfud ktxmayguf

em;vnfonf? vD;onfzifacgif;ud kwd kc G Jum wdk;0ifvmaeonf?

a':oef;oef;_rc_rm b<fvd kr S@ ke f ;uefxGufvd k hr7? vD;wefjuD;

61

zifaygufxJjuyfody fp Gmwd k ;0i fvmrS K>emjuif _ci f ;a0'emud k wtD;tD ;

wtm;tm;atmf[pfnnf;!L7if; rcs drqef hud kc Hae7@Smavonf? oem;

p7mawmh aumif;ygonf? olzifvd k ;wmud kemjuifpGmcHae7ol a':oef;

oe f ; _ru d k awm h oem;ovd kawmi f _zp fr donf ? od k h aom frjumr Dyi f

onfr de f ;rud k ud kbwif>vlr sm ;vufxJay;ty f7awmhr Smr d k h 7or#

tc s d e ftwGi f ;zi fu d kt0aqm fyp f7r S mr d k h oem;! SmwmraeE d l i f awm h ?

'gajumif hvD;ud k7uf7ufpufpufyif zdIzdIxd k;oGif;aeavawmhonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;onfzi facgi f ;aygufy d kus<fvmap7e fxd k ;c s J honf h

tae_zif h vD;oGif;7if;ausmfausmfrif;u olhzifa_ymifjuD;ud ka0hum0d kuf

um vSKy fonf? xd kod k hzi fa_ymifjuD;vS Ky f@ Sm;r S Kajumif h zifxJw0uf

enf;yg ;avmuf_rKy f0i faeaomiyJacsmi f ;juD;ud kvnf; b<fnmES J hovd k

r s d K ; _ zp f 7m zi f0r S m _y JI _y JIo G m ;on f ? a' :oe f ;oe f ; _ rtz d k h awm h

t7rf;ud kus de f;pyfemjuifaeonf?

Ø tm;- -emw<f- -emw<fausm fausm f7<f? tJvd kr s d K ;

rvkyfyge J h? t7rf;emw<fuGm tm;tm; ×

a':oef;oef ; _rc_rm emvGe f ;vSaomajumif h rsuf7nfawGyi f

wGi fwGi fusqif ;aeavonf? rdr d>ptd kxJod k hTtacsmi f ;juD; tqH k ;

wd ki f0i fatmi foGi f ;vd k hr7bl;[k a':oef ;oef ; _rawG;Iajumufr donf?

qufxd k ;xnfhygu zifuG Jvdrf hrnf[kvnf;pd k ;7 dr fy lyefr donf? 'gayr<fh

62

awmif;yefvd k hvnf;r7? @kef;xGuf_cif;vnf;r_yKEd li f? bmvkyf7rnf rod?

v D ;uawm h w d k ;v d k hw d k hv d k hom0i fvmaeonf ? em jui fr S Kuvnf ;

y d kIyd kIyif _yi f ; _yvmonf? ausm fausm fri f ;r Smawmh vH k ;0tvd k ;rc Hbl;

ao;aom zi fac gi f ;ay guusO f ;usO f ;av;> wif ;juyfaomxdawG hr S K

t7omESi f h zifvk d ;c H7ola':oef;oef; _r>emjuifp Gmatmf[pfnnf;wGm;

aerS Krsm;ud k em;axmif7onfhem;t7omyg_znf hp Gufum t_ywfud kt7

omcHpm;ae7av7m a':oef;oef;_rb<favmufatmfatmf|b<favmuf

toem;c Hc H | b<favmufawmif;ye fawmif;ye f vD;xk d ;oGi f ;r S Kud kawmh

enf;enf;av;rSyifr7yf?

Ø trav;av;- -emvd kufwm ausmfausmf7<f? awmif;yef

vd k hud kr7bl;? qufroGif;yge Jawmh? tm;tm;- -t_yifxkwfyg? ×

Ø 7ygw<frr7 J h- -vD ;uzi fxJw0ufavmuf0i fae_y Dy J[m

w0ufyJusefawmhwm- - ×

Ø AspfbGyfbkbk ×

a_ym7if;zdxd k ;7m vD;wxpfwd k ;0ifonf?

Ø tm;- -aoyg_yD- -oGif;_yef_yD- -oem;ygtkef;ausmfausmf

7<f- -uGJ_y Jukefvdrf hr<f ×

63

Ø ruG Jygbl;- -7ygw<frr7J h- -zdoGi f ;7iftukef0ifawmhrSm

yg- - ×

Ø bk- -AspfAspf- -tm;tm;- - ×

vD;w0ufausm fausm f0i f _y D ;aomtcgwGi fawmh a':oef;oef ; _r

tz d k h zi fvd k ; _ci f ;>xl ; _cm;aomt7omud kpwi fc Hpm;7avawmhonf?

emjuifvGe f ;aomt7omr Sm wrlxl ;onf? a':oe f ;oe f ; _rtae_zi f h

xd kt7omudkpwifcHpm;7onfESi f h emjuifrS Ka0'emud k tenf;i<fcHEd li f

7nf@ S dvmonf? emwmESi f ha7mI aumif;vmonf? nnf;aeatmfae

ao;aomfvnf; apmapmuavmufr[kwfawmh? atmfoHtenf;i<f

tmaysm hvmonf? atmf[pfnnf;wGm;oHrsm;wGi f w^SmaZmawGygp

_yKvmonf? zifacgif;uawmh txJod k h0ifaeor#aomvD;wefud k !Spf

<lp_y Kvm_y D ? a':oe f ;oe f ; _rtaeE Si f hawm h ud k<f hzi fac gi f ;b<fvd k

txmrs d K ; _yaeonfud k rodao;? zifvd k ;yg ;0aeaomausm fausm fri f ;u

a':oef;oef;_rzifacgi f ;>!SpfqG Jr S Kud k cHpm;od@S donf? aumifrjuD;zif

Zdr fawG hp_yK_yDud kvnf; em;vnfonf?

Ø rrzifacgi f ;u oabmusp_yKaeyg_y DAs- -rrziftDp dr f hvm

awmhrSmyg- -AspfAspfbkAspf- - ×

Ø tm;- -tm;- -rvkyfyge J hawmhausmfausmf7<f- tm; ×

64

ausm fausm fri f ;onfvD;ud kqufroGi f ;ao;yJ tom_yefqG Jxkwf

onf? rdr dawmif ;ye ftoem;c Haomajumif h zi fqufrvd k ;awmhy J _ye f

x kwf _ci f ; _zp frnf[k a':oe f ;oe f ; _rawG ;r donf? wzufwGi fvnf ;

DvD ;>xdawG hr S Kud kodp_yKaeaomzifacgi f ;uawmh vD; _ye fxGufoGm;rnf

ud krvd kvm;[ef _zi f h !Sp fI!Sp fIqG Jaeonf? ausm fausm fri f ;tzd k hvD ;

wGi f ppfueJppfueJ_zpfoGm;r S Kud kc Hpm;ae7onf? vD;_ye fqG Jxkwf7wm

udku t7omwpfrs d K ;@ S daeonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;onfzi fv d k ;7y f7e f vD ;qG Jx kwf _ci f ;r[kwfy g ?

vD ;t0i fy d kaumi f ;atmi fE Si f h a':oef ;oe f ; _r>zifacgi f ;ayguftae_zi f h

xd k ;oGif;aeaomrdrdvD;ud k xdawG h<Ofyg;um vdkvm;ESp foufrS K@ S datmif

ØcsL× ay;onfhtae_zif h vD;ud kqG Jxkwf_yefoGif;vSKyf@ Sm;7ef tpys d K ; _cif;

_zpfnonf? cyf_znf;_znf;omqG Jxkwfonf htwGuf vD;onfzifacgi f ;

xJr S w7pfcsi f ;p DwwpfwpfxGufvmonf? ptd konf vD;wefacsmi f ;

juD;wGi fuyfum _yJvefygvmonf? ptd k0wGi fvD;'pft7if;y d ki f ;ay:vm

aomtcg txkwf7yfum tomzdoGi f ;onf? vD;onfzifaygufxJod k h

wtdtd_yef0ifonf?

Ø tm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- -rawmfao;bl;vm;uGm ×

apmapmu 0ifxm;onf hvrf;p@ S daeonfr d k h vD;0i fvmcsufu

apmapmuavmufremapawmh? emawmhemygao;onf? a':oef;oef;

65

_r tHjudwfumpkwfoyfnnf;r donf? ausm fausm fri f ;onfapmapmu

0ifaerS Kxuftenf;i<fxyfy d katmifz doGi f ;onf? _yD ;awmh vD;ud kwpf

csufESp fcsufaumhay;_yD; tom_yefqG Jxkwfonf? zifud kqufrvd k;awmh

y J vD;_ye fxkwfr S Kr[kwfajumif;ud kawmh a':oef;oef; _rem;vnfoGm;

onf? vD;ud kzi fxJr Stom_ye fxkwf | cy f _znf ; _znf ; _ye fxd k ;oGi f ;r S K>

wif;wif;juyfjuyfememjuifjuifxdawG hy Gwfwd kufr S K>t7omud kvnf;

c Hpm;wwfvmonf? ausm fausm fri f ;u'p fay:vkonftxdqG Jxkwf _y D ;

_ye fz dxd k ;oGi f ;onf? (9)vufrcef h@ Snfaom ausmfausm frif ;>vD;onf

(7)vufrausmfausmfavmufyif zifaygufxJ0ifoGm;onf?

Ø tm;- -emw<fuG<f- -emw<f? _znf;_znf; [if h ×

vD;juD;y d k0i fvmrS Kajumif h zifacgi f ;xJwGi fatmif hIemoGm;aom

ajumif h a':oef;oef; _rnnf;nLrdonf? od k haomfzi frvd k ;7e f nnf;

wGm;awmif ;ye fr S Kr s d K ;r l rvky fr dawmh? aumif ;p_yKaecs de fwGi f nnf;

onfhtoHrs d K ;qefvmonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;onfTenf ;twd ki f ; vD ;ud kynmom;y gy g _zi f h

qufIqufIzi fvd k ;7i f ;xyfoGi f ;ay;onf? vD;y d k0i fvmwd ki f ;a':oef ;

oef;_r nnf;wGm;onf? od k haomfnnf;oHwd k hr Sm emjuifrS Koufouf

ajumif hrcs drqef htoHrs d K ;r[kwfawmh? zifxJok d hxGufvd kuf| 0ifvd kuf|

y d k _ye fwd k ;0i fvmvd kuf _zp faeaomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;>t7omud k a':oef ;

oef ; _rwud k<fvH k ;od k h _ye f hE S H hp dr f h0i fp_yKaeonf? juufoD;awGxonf?

66

Ed k hoD ;awGp lIaumhwufaeonf? tzkwfvnf;r d k hazgi f ;um apmuf7nf

junfawG@ $r f ;@ $r f ;p d konf? zi fvd k ;c H7r S K>ememjuifjuifE Si f h wpfrs d K ;

aumi f ;aomt7omwd k hajumi f h a':oe f ;oe f ; _rwke f7i fIaeavonf?

zi fv d k ;c H7r S Ku d kvnf ; vd kvm;E Sp foufoabmusvmajumi f ;u d kvnf ;

r<H kE d li fz G<f7m udk<fawG hodvm7onf? bmajumif h'gud kz Dvifwufum

oabmusvm7ygoenf;? emaev#ufe J hbmajumif haumi f ;ae7wmvJ?

rodwwfyg? t7omawGhaewmuawmh trSef? emwmuvnf;emonf?

olr>aoG;om;awGuawmh ususeeud kwk H h _yefvSKyf@ Sm;aeju_yD?

ausm fausm fri f ;zi fvd k ;wmud k vufc Haeju_y D ? olr>wify g ;qH k juD ;

onf aemufok d haumhIaumhIwGe f ;wi fvmonf? cg ;onfE G J hIvdr fI

vS Ky f@ Sm ;vmonf? ' l ;E Sp fvH k ;onfy d kIuGay;onf? zi fxJod k hv D ;t0i f

yd kvrf;a_zmif hap7ef tvdktav#mufvkyfay;aeonf?

aemu fq H k ; awm h ausm f au sm f ri f ;>(9 )vufrce f h @ Sn f aom

vD;acsmi f ;juD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ; a':oef;oef; _r>zifacgi f ;xJod k htqH k ;wd ki f

_rKy f0ifoGm;ygavawmhonf?

Ø a[m- -7_y D? rrzifxJud k uÈe fawmhvD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;

0ifoGm;_yD- - ×

ausmfausmfrif;u tm;7auseyfpGma_ymvd kufonf?

67

a':oef;oef; _rvnf; Ø[if;× ueJouf_yif ;@ SnfjuD;wpfcsufcs

vd kufrdonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;>ud k<fjuD;u uG<fxm;ovd kr s d K ; _zp faewmrd k h

zi fx Jv D ;tqH k ;0i fo Gm ;r S Ku d k awm h ac smi f ; junf haeo lp d k ; p d k ;tae _zi f h

ususee r_ri fE d li fy g ? 'gayr<f hausm fausm fri f ;a _ymvd kufaompum;

ajumi f h r dr dta':>ptd kx J vD ; juD ;tqH k ;0i fo Gm ;ajumi f ;ud ko dum

aumi frav;zi fw Ge f hIyi fo Gm ;r donf ? ausm fausm fri f ;>vD ; ju D ;u d k

p d k ;p d k ; _rifz l ;xm;av7m b<favmufjuD;onfud kodonf? xd kvD;acsmif;

juD ;zi fac gi f ;x JtoGi f ;c Hxm;7ol r dr dta':rnfod k h@ S dv dr f hrnfenf ;[k

jum;xJrSawG;um ausmcsrf;vmrdonf?

xd k h _yifp d k ;p d k ;onf a':oef;oef;_rzifaygufxJod k h ausmfausmfrif;

vD;pxk d ;oGi f ;vd kufonfud k _rif7cs de fu zDvifawGwufum ud k<f hzi fxJ

ud k<fvuf!S d K ;xd k ;xnf hvd kufr d7m <ckwd ki fxk dvuf!S d K ;ud kzi fxJr S _ye f

rxkwf_zp fao;? zifaygufxJud kvuf!S d K ;xk d ;oGi f ;um uvdovd kvky f

aeqJ _zp fonf? vuf!S d K ;xd k ;xnf hxm;aomzi fayguf wpfqd k hqd k h |

emjui f jui f _zp fovd k | wp fr s d K ; ju D ;vnf ;t7omc Hpm ;7ovd k@ S d ae7m

vufacsmi f ;r[kwfy J a<mufsm;vD;acsmi f ;juD;xd k ;oGi f ;c Hae7ola':oef;

oef; _r rdr dxufyd kemaerSm_zpfovd k yd kvnf;7ifc ke farm[d kufz G<f7mud k

c Hpm;ae7avrnf[k pd k ;p d k ;awG;rdonf?

68

xdktawG;onfpd k ;p d k ;>pdwfud ky d kvS Ky f@ Sm;vmaponf? pd k ;p d k ;onf

zi fxJod k hxd k ;oGi f ;r dxm;aomvuf!S d K ;ud k y d kIoGufoGufoGi f ;xkwfvS Ky f

@ Sm;onf? zifud kxd k ;uvd7if; usefvufwpfbuf_zif hr dr d7ifom;qd ki frsm;

ud k qkyfe<fyGwfoyfrdae_yefonf? tys d Krav;pd k ;p d k ;r Sm tdyfcef;xJwGif

zi faqm faejuaomp H kw G Ju d kac smi f ; junf h7i f ; r dr dbmomxk d ;uvdud ki f

wG<fyGwfoyfum zDvifawGtwufjuD;wufaeavawmhonf?

zi f ay gu fx Jo d k hv D ;tq H k ; 0i f atmi fx d k ;o G i f ; E d l i f _ y D ; aomtc g

ausm fausm fri f ;onfa':oef ;oef ; _rud k y<fy<fe<fe<fzi fvd k ;y gawmh

onf? zifxJvD;xd k ;oGi f ;c J honf ha@ S hy d ki f ;tcs de fr sm;wke f ;u ausm fausm f

rif;onf vD;ud kz dz dxd k ;oGi f ;c J haomfvnf; wwfEd li for#cyfa_z;_z;vkyfc J h

onf? odyfrjurf;? <ckrl cyfjurf;jurf;vkyfvm_yD? zifvd k ;7mwGif

o dy f! Sm! Smwmwmvky faez d k h rv d ky J cy f jur f ; jur f ;tm; _yi f ; _yi f ;E Si f h

7uf7ufpufpufaqmif hvd k ;r S tvd k ;c Hr de f ;rtzd k h emjuifxdwfvef h

@ Su fa jumufr S K a7m _y Gr f ; aeonf h zi fv d k ; r S Kt7omxl ;u d k c H pm ;7um

pG JrufoGm;wwfonf hobm0ud k ausm fausm fri f ;uodxm;onf? <ck

ausmfausmfrif;u a':oef;oef;_rud kcyfjurf;jurf;zifaqmfay;_cif;onf

aumifrjuD;zifvd k ;c H7rS Kud kE Sp foufpG JrufoGm;zd k hxuf ol htae_zif hp dwfx

um^Smwif;aeaomajumif h t7omaumif;aumif;7atmif cyfjurf;

jurf;zi fvd k ;ay;r S Ku yd kr sm;onf? zgacgi f ;rsm;vufod k htyf7awmhr Smr d k h

a':oef;oef;_rt7omawGhzd k hxuf rdrdZdrfuszDvifwufzdk hudk ausmfausmfrif;u

69

yd ktav;xm;onf?

ausm fausm fri f ;onfa':oef ;oe f ; _r~s d Ki f ;atmufr SvufE Sp fbuf

v# d Kum Ed k htH k juD;E Sp fc kud kp H kud ki fqG Jonf? Ed k htH kom;ud kcyfwif;wif;qkyf

e<fonfomru Ed k ho D ;ac gi f ;u d kvnf ;vuf!S d K ;vufrwd k h _zi f h! Sy fum

zsp f!Sp fonf? qdwfqG Jonf? ol>'l ;acgi f ;r sm;ud kvnf;cy fuGuGvky f

xm;um trs d K ;or D ; juD ;>zi f00juD ;ud k tm;7yg ;7yi faygi fE Si f hc G! Sy f

on f ? o l hv D ; ju D ;uawm h zi f ac gi f ; ay gu fx Jo d k htm ; _yi f ; _ yi f ; E S i f h

cy f jurf ;jurf ;aqmif hIaqmif hIvd k ;onf? vD;juD ;onft@S de f _yi f ; _yi f ;

E Si f h zifacgi f ;aygufxJod k hwd k ;0i foGm;vd kuf| _yefxGufvmvd kufE Si f hoGuf

vuf_yif;xefpGm vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?

r dr d>zifacgi f ;wav#muf vD;acsmi f ;juD;juyfody fp Gmy Gwfwd kuf

vSKy f@ Sm;vmaerS kud k a':oef;oef; _rt_ynf ht0yif od@S dc Hpm;ae7onf?

atmif hIemonf? wpfqd k h _y D ; wif;juyfaeonf? wcs de fwnf;r Smyi f

7ifz d karm[d kufum wpfud k<fvH k ;z de f ;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpf7onf? xd k h _yifxl;

_cm;csufwpfc kr Sm vD;uzifacgi f ;aygufxJxd k ;oGi f ; _ye fxkwfvd k ;aeaomf

vnf ; apmu fyw fw Gi f y gt7om@ S d ae _ci f ; yi f ? aqmi f h c su fr s m ;u

_yif; _yif;vm7m a':oef;oef;_r>pdwfxJwGi f zifacgi f ;xJvd k ;aqmif h

oGi f ;aeaomvD;juD;onf ta@S hod k haygufum apmufywfxJr Swd k ;xGuf

vmrnfvm;[kyif xifrd@Smonf?

70

ziftys d K7nfvnf;ysufcJ h7_yD_zpfaoma':oef;oef;_ronf zifvd k ;

c H7rS Kud k t7omawG h _y D ;7i f ;awG haeonf? onfvd kzi fxJvD;acsmi f ;juD;

xd k ;oGi f ;um zifaqmf_ci f ;onfvnf; obm0usaomumrpyf<Sufr S K

rs d K ;r[kwfyJ npfnpfywfywf_zpfaomfvnf; w7dyf7dy fv$rf;r d k ;vmaom

umrt7omud kawmh b<fvd kr SvGe fqe fE d li ftm;r@ S d ? a':oef ;oe f ; _r

onf w[if;[if;_zpfaeonf? emjuifrS Kajumif hr[kwfyJ umrpnf;

p dr ft7omawG hr S K _zi f h atm f[pf _rnfwrf ;onf? zi fqH k juD ;ud kvnf ;

aumhumaumhumvkyfay;onf? zifaygufuvnf; vD;qG JtxkwfwGi f

tvdkufoif hz Gi f hay;vd kuf| vD;_yefaqmiftoGif;wGif _yef!SpfqG Jvd kufESi f h

y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;aeaomvD;acsmi f ;juD;>vSKy f@ Sm;r S KE Si f h [efcsufus

usyif vSKyf@ Sm;Iaeavonf?

Ø bGyfbkAspf- -bGyfbGyfbkAspf- - ×

Ø tm;yg;yg ;tD; ausm fausm f7 J h- -aumif;vd kufwmaemf- -

[if;[if;[if;- - ×

Ø bGyfbkAspf- -bGyfbGyf ×

Ø aqmif h- -aqmif h- -pdwfjudKufomaqmif h- -bmrStm;

emraeeJ h- -aumif;vd kufwm- -aumif;vd kufwm- -zifxJr Smud ktD

pdr f hoGm;wmyJ- - ×

71

zi fvd k ;c Holr de f ;ru zDvift7rf ;wufum emwmawGbmawG

ab;cs dwfv#uf tyDaqmif hc d ki f ;aomtcg zifvd k ;ola<mus fm;uvnf;

bmr Smv#i fouf!Smwk H hqd ki f ;aeawmhy grnfenf ;? ausm fausm fri f ;onf

a':oef ;oef ; _rzi faygufxJr Sol hvD ;'p ftzsm;y d ki f ;avmufomuse faeawmh

onftxd tuke fenfyg ;qG Jxkwfum vD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;y Gwfwd kufxd k ;

aqmif henf;_zif h 7uf7ufa7ma7maqmif hvd k ;onf?

Ø [dwf- -ausmfausmf- - ×

Ø bmvJrr- -bGyfbGyfbk ×

Ø rif;[mjuD;ud ktzsm;txdrxkwfe J hav? uÈwfoGm;vd k h _yef

xnfh7cufaetH k ;r<f?- -bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ×

Ø ruÈwfap7ygbl; rr7J h? yd kap@Sif rSe faewmyJ[m? rruom

zifqH kjuD;ud kae7mra@G hatmif ukef;ay;xm;- - ×

Ø pdwfcs? ukef;ay;r<f? wtm;aqmif haemf ×

Ø tif;tif;- - ×

zi fc HolE Si f hzi fvd k ;oltay;t<lr#um 0uf0ufuG Jatmi fyi fvd k ;

aeonf? zifxJvD;juD;aqmif hoGif;oH wbGyfbGyfwbkbkawG waom

72

aomud knHaeonf? acsmif;junf holp d k ;p d k ;r Smvnf; ud k<f hzi fud k<fvuf

!S d K ;E Si f h xd k;uvdaeonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;>zi fv d k ;aqmi f hc su fawGu_yi f ;xe fr S Ka jumi f h

a':oe f ;oe f ; _rr Sm ' l ;auG ;umnGwfInGwfIusoGm ;onf? od k h aom f

c su f c s i f ; y i f ' l ;u d k _ y e f rw fum zi f ju D ; aum hwi fw G e f ; a y ;on f ?

ausm fausm fri f ;onfa':oe f ;oe f ; _r>ausm fay:7i fbwftyfr datmi fyi f

ud ki f ;csum Ed k htH krsm;ud kqG Jv#ufvD;ud kaumhaumhyif hwifvd k ;onf? ol>

ar;onf a':oef;oef ; _r>nmbufykc ke f ;ay:wifaeonf? trs d K ;orD ;

juD;> nmbufyg;ud kvnf;erf;vd kufao;onf?

wtm;us H K ;Iaqmi f hv d k ;vd ku f7m aemufqH k ;wGi fokwf7nfawG

ye f ;xGufuke fawmhonf? zi facgi f ;xJwGi f y laE G ;y sp fc È Jaomokwf7nf

rsm;p D ;0i faomtcg a':oef ;oef ; _ronf wpfud k<fvH k ;odr f hodr f hwke fc g

v#uf ESpfcs Dqufwd kufyif Ø_yD;× oGm;7avawmhonf?

okwf7nfawGud kv$wfxkwfqJr Smyif ausm fausm fri f ;ua':oef;

oef; _r>Ed k htH kawGud kv$wfum ud k<f_ye frwfvd kufonf? 'l ;rc d ki fawmh

aoma':oef;oef;_rrSm 0rf;vsm;arSmuf7ufom;vJusonf?

Ø _yGwf- -bGyfbGyfbkAspfAspf ×

73

xdktcg zifacgi f;xJrSvD;acsmif;juD;uÈwfxGufonf? zifayguf

xJwif ; juyfp Gm0i faeaomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;xGufoGm;r S Kajumi f h zi fxJr S

avvnfovd krs d K ; avrsm;tHxGufonf? okwf7nftcs d K hvnf;t_yifod k h

te fxGufp D ;usonf? okwfxkwfqJokwf7nfrsm;u vD;xdy fr Sy sp fueJ

ye f ;xGuf_ye f7m vwfwavmvd k ; _y D ;om;ptd kay:od k hwcs d K h | zifom;_crf ;

juD;ay:od k h wcs d K husonf? onfvd kokwf7nfrsm;usoGm;rS Kud k arSmuf

7ufom; _zp faeaoma':oef ;oe f ; _r r_ri f7yg? acsmi f ; junf haeaom

p d k ;p d k ;uawmh aumi f ;aumi f ;ud k _ri fvd ku f7onf? p d k ;p d k ;u d k<fwd ki fr Sm

vnf; r dr dud k<fr dr d _ye fuvd7i f ; wpfc s D _y D ;wp fc s D Ø _y D ; × aeav7m

aqmif hajumi f hxd ki faeI[_y Jav;_zp faomapmufz kwfxJr S apmuf7nf

jun fr s m ;t _yi fo d k h p D ;u s ae7m o lrx d k i f a e7m jur f ; _ yi f av ;w G i f

td ki fav;yif_zpfIaeonf?

ausm fausm fri f ;onf cÈwfxm;aomykqd k ;ud kaumuf0wfonf?

tuôsudk<lum _ywif;aygufem;wGifoGm;7yfv#uf rodroma0Sh<rf; _yonf?

a ' :o e f ;o e f ; _ ru d k Øq G J × o G m ; 7 e fu d k bwi fu a pv $w fv d k u f

aom csp fxl;E Si f h _ri f h junfqd konf hzgacgi f ;vlr d kufE Sp fa<mufud k vSr f ;

tcsuf_yvd kuf_ci f ; _zp fonf? xd kvlr d kufE Sp fa<mufonf a':oef;oef;

_rud k aemufqH k ;E S KwfqufyG Jt_zpfz d kufyg7ap[k ausmfausm frif ;ucGi f h

awmi f ;aomajumi f h rvSr f ;rurf ;wGi ftomv# d Kumapmi f haejuonf?

ausmfausmfrif;tcsuf_yv#if olwd k hvSKyf@ Sm;juayawmhrnf?

74

ausm fausm fri f ;onf tuô sud ku d ki fum a0 S h<r f ; _y _y D ;aemuf

cyf _re f _re fyi f ud k<fay:wGi f0wfonf? tuôs0wfae7if;uyif tcef;

t_yifod k hav#mufvSrf;xGufonf? ol7uf7ufpufpufzifvd k ;c J hI cHwif

ay:wGi fac Gavsm hE Gr f ;vsp Gmuse faec J ho l a':oe f ;oe f ; _rud kv Sn f hIyi f

rjunfhawmh? ol htaeESi f honftrs d K ;orD;juD;ud k vH k ;0yiftquf_zwf

vd kufav_yD?

t_yifr Sacsmi f ;junf h7if ;z Dvifwufum ud k<f hud k<fud k _ye fuvd

7i f ; t7omawG hum Ø_y D ; × ae7olp d k ;p d k ;r Smvnf; (a':oef f ;oe f ; _r

avmufr[kwfaom fvnf ; ) tawm fav;ud karm[d ku fE Gr f ;vsaeonf?

_zpfEd li fv#if rd Se f ;aevd kufcsifonf? od k haomf @kwfw7ufausmfausmfrif;

tce f ;t _ y i fo d k hx Gu fvmon fu d k _ r i f 7 aomtc g p d k ; p d k ; r S mvn f ;

ure f ;uwe f ;yi fxum tdr fatmufo d k huaomuarsmqi f ;a _y ;7av

awmhonf? tavmwjuD;qif ;a_y;7aomajumif h p d k ;p d k ;r Smjurf ;ay:

w Gi fc sxm;aom Øumvmuvd ki f ;ru fp f × pmt ky fE Si f h yi fw DtwGi f ;c H

abmif;bDav;ud kyif aumufr<lEd li fawmh? onftwdki f;usefaecJ honf?

p d k ;p d k ;r Sma _ya_yavsm havsm h _zp faeaomxrD uÈwfIruse fc J h7

atmi fyi f renf ; ju D ;v ky f7onf? xr Du d kure f ;uwe f ; _yi f0wfum

atmufxyfxd ki fc ke fwGif [efrysuf0ifxd ki fvd kuf7onf? âa_êqnfum

cy fwnfwnfae7aom fvnf; 7i fuawmhw' de f ;' de f ;c ke faeqJ? t@S de f

vnf ; ody fraocsi fao;? p d k ;p d k ;x d k i fc ke fw Gi f[e fry su f0i fx d ki fr d _y D ;

75

ra@ S ;raE Smi f ;q d kovd kr S myi f ausm fausm fri f ;t dr fay:r Sqi f ;vonf?

ausmfausmfrif;u pd k ;p d k ;ud kwpfcsufvSrf;junfhonf? âa_ê77cyfwnf

wnfvky fIaeaompd k ;p d k ;onf ausm fausm fri f ;ud krodromcd k ;Ijunf h7m

tjunf hc si f ;q H ko G m ;onf ? r dr d>ta':E S i f hon fv lv d k ; juy H k r s m ;u d k

rjumao;rDurS acsmif ;junf hawG h _rifxm;cJ haomaumifrav;rSm yd kI

yif 7ifc ke fp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;oGm;onf? rsufE Smtrlt7mrysuf7avatmif

renf;yifjud K ;pm;um âa_êqnfvd kuf7avonf? ausm fausm fri f ;r Sm

zs Husolwpfa<mufrd k h xd kaumifrav;>rsufESm7dy frsufESmuJud ktrdzrf;

E d li fonf? pdwfvS Ky f@ Sm;7ifc ke faeajumif;vnf;odvd kufonf? od k haomf

rodus d K ;usif _yKum tdrfaemufab;bufod k h tomav#mufvSrf;0ifvm

cJ honf?

tdr faemufab;r D ;z d kce f ;t_zp fvsmxm;aomae7mwGi f azg ha7c J

b l ;wp fc k @ S d aeonf ? az g hb l ;x Jw Gi f a7c JtwH k ; ju D ;wp fw H k ; E S i f htw l

Øqef;upf× azsm f7nfbl;tcs d K h | yg0g~ d k ;vftm;_znf htcs d K7nfbl;tcs d K h@ S dae

onf? ausm fausm fri f ;u qef;upftcs d K7nfbl;oH k ;bl ;ud kxkwf<lum

tdrfa@S hcef;od k h _yefwufvmcJ honf?

Ø {nfhonfud kbmrS{nf hrcH7ao;bl;? tcs d K7nfaomufygtkef; ×

ausm fausm fri f ;ur_y H K ;w_y H K ; a _ymum p d k ;p d k ;u d ktcs d K7nf _zi f h

{nf h0wf_yKonf?

76

armye f ;uma7iw faeaomp d k ; p d k ;on f aus ;Z l ; pum ;q d kum

tcs d K7nfbl ;wpfbl ;ud kvSr f ;<lonf? xd ktcs de fr Smyi f a':oef ;oe f ; _r

vnf; tdrftay:xyfrSqif;vmonf? ausmfausmfrif;u a':oef;oef;

_rud k tcs d K7nfbl ;wp fbl ;ur f ;ay;onf? olud k<fwd ki fvnf;wp fbl ;

azgufIaomufonf? oH k ;a<mufom;pum;yifrqd kE d li fjuao;yJ tcs d K

7n fb l ;r sm ;u d ku d k< fp Daomufum tem;< laejuonf? arm[d ku f

a7iwfaecs de fr d k h a7cJbl;xJxnf hxm;aomtcs d K7nfrsm;ud kaomuf7wm

tawmfaumif;onf?

p d k ;p d k ;r Smtawmfud kr sufE Smtxm;7cufaeonf? olrtae_zi f h

ausm fausm frif;ud k rsufESmcsi f ;qd ki frjunfh7 J? rdr dwGi ftwGif;c Habmif;

bDr@S dy J xrDwxyfwnf;om0wfxm;7rS Kajumif h tvd kvd kyi frvH krvJ

_zp faeonf? xd k h _yi f tay:xyftcef ;e H7 Hem;wGi fuse fc J haomtwGi f ;c H

abmi f ;bDE Si f ht_ympmtky fwd k hu d k onfvlawG hr d _y D ; r dr db<fvd kta_c

taers d K ;qd kufc J honfud k od@ S dem;vnfoGm;E d li fonf hta7;ud kvnf;awG;

um 7ifz d kp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;ae7avonf? @Sufvnf@ SufumrsufE Smt7rf ;

y laeonf?

olwd k ho H k ;a<muftcs d K7nfbl ;r sm ;ud kaomufIw0ufrus d K ;r Dr Sm

yi f a':oef;oef ; _rE Si f hp d k ;p d k ;wd k htwGuf jurRmr ke fwd ki f ;utpys d K ;vmcJ h

avonf?

77

csp fxl;E Si f h _ri f h junfwd k hE Sp fa<muf @kwfw7uftdr fxJod k h0i fvm

juonf? tdrfxJod k ha7mufonfESi f htrs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufud k twif;0if

qG Jc s Ky fzr f ; juonf? ausm fausm fri f ;u [efaqmi fye faqmi fyi fxd k ;

judwfao;onf? judKwifZmwfwd kufxm;onf htwd ki f ; csp fxl;uvuf

oD ; _zi f h aum fyi f hx d k ;c s7m ausm fausm fri f ;vnf ;vufoD ;c su fajumi f h

owdarha_rmoGm;onfhtoGifrs d K ; _zif h um;ueJvS Jcs_i dr faevd kufonf?

a':oef;oef;_rESi f hp d k ;p d k ;wd k huawmh wwfpGrf;or#@ke f;uefjuonf

'gayr<fh cspfxl;wd k h | _rif hjunfwd k hqd kwmu onftvkyfud kt_ywfuÈrf;

usifaejuolawG? wdkawmif;vSaomtcs de fy d ki f ;av;twGif;rSmyif trs d K ;

or D ;E Sp f a<mufu d k y d k i fE d l i f p G mw kw faE S mi fc s Ky fzr f ; _y D ; _zp fo Gm ;onf ?

ratmfE d li fatmifvnf;yg;pyfud k t_ym;juD;juD;yvmpwmrsm;_zif h uyf

ydwfvd kufjuonf? rvSKyfEd li fatmifvnf;judK;_zif h ususeewkwfaESmif

onf?

rlvtpDtpOfu a':oef;oef; _rwpfa<mufwnf;ud kom ØqG J ×

z d k h _zpfonf? onfa7mufrSpd k ;p d k ;ygtqpfygoGm;7onf? rdef;rwpfa<muf

ud kwkwfaESmi fz d k h jud K ;wpfacsmi f ;wnf;omygonf? wkwfaESmi fxm;aom

rde f ;rud kxnf hoGi f ;ac:oGm;z d k h a7cJaowWmxnf honf huwfxlbl;t@Snf

pm;uvnf; wpfcky Jygonf? ratmfEd li fatmifyg;pyfwGifuyfydwf7onfh

t_ym;juD;juD;yvmpwmurl tacGvd kufygaomajumif h tajumif;r

[kwf? vH kavmuf_ynf hp H konf?

78

ju d K ;wp f a c s m i f ;omy g aoma jumi f h r d e f ; r E S p f a<mu fu d k

wpfa<mufpDcG JraeyJ ESpfa<mufyl;IwkwfaESmifjuonf?

a':oef ;oe f ; _rE Si f hp d k ;p d k ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufud k7i fc si fty ftaetxm;

_zif hy l ;uyfum a':oef;oef; _r>vufrsm;ud k pd k ;p d k ;tm;zufonfhtoGif

_zpfapv#uf pd k ;p d k ;>cg;em;wGifvufaumuf0wfyl;um wkwfcsnfonf?

p d k ;p d k ;>vufr sm ;ud kvnf ; a':oe f ;oe f ; _rud ko d ki f ;zufovd kr s d K ; _zp fap

v#uf a':oef;oef;_r>cg;em;wGif vufaumuf0wfESpfc kud ky l;I wkwf

aESmi fonf? a':oef;oef ; _r>b<fa_cud k pd k ;p d k ;>nma_c_zi f hy l ;ap_y D ;

a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>nma_cud kr l p d k ;p d k ;>b<fa_caxmufE Si f hy l ;uy fum

'l;qpftxufem;wGi fwpfcsuf| a_cusif ;0wfwGi fwpfcsuf wkwfaESmi f

onf? xdkaemufrde f;rESpfa<mufud kacgif;omaz:xm;_yD; usefwpfud k<f

vH k ;ud k tnmcsnfapmif _zi f h arG;umpuav;ud ktES D ; _zi f hywfxky fovd k

rs d K ; cyfjurf;jurf;cyfwif;wif;7pfywfonf?

rde f ;rESp fa<mufrvSKy fE d li f | ratmfEd li fawmh? _yD;r Sa7cJaowWm

xnf haom uwfxlbl ;@ Sn fxJxnf h juonf? wpfa<mufcy fac smi f

acsmi f0i fE d li faombl;xJod k h ESp fa<mufyl ;xnf haomtcg tawmhjuyf

juyfodyfodyf_zpfaeonf? 'gayr<fhxnfhI0ifonf?

r de f ;rE Sp fa<mufud kwkwfaE Smi fxnf hxm;aomuwfxlbl;@ Snfud k

79

'wfqef ;qe fe Dyp fuyfum;aemufy d ki f ;wGi fwi fonf? _ri f h junfuum;

aemufyd ki f ;wGi f cyfwnfwnf0ifxd ki fonf? csp fxl;ua@S hce f ;wGi fae7m

<lonf? _y D ;awmha7cJaowWm0<fwifvmonf htoGi f _zi f h armi f ;E Si f

xGufvmcJhavawmhonf? topfuav;ESpfa<muf topfuav;ESpfa<muf topfuav;ESpfa<muf topfuav;ESpfa<muf topfuav;ESpfa<muf t7ØqGJ×vmEd lifcJ h _yDrd k h

c s p fx l ; E S i f h _ r i f h jun fw d k h E S p f a<mu f tx l ; y i foabmu s a e ju

onf? onfr de f ;rE Sp fa<mufud k zgZmwfoGi f ;7rnf hta7;ud kawG ;um

b0ifcd kufaeju_yefavonf?

'kwd<yd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

80

top fuav;E Sp f a<muftop fuav;E Sp f a<muftop fuav;E Sp f a<muftop fuav;E Sp f a<muftop fuav;E Sp f a<muf

tcef;(2)

cspfxl;ESi f h _rif hjunfwd k hu olwd k h ØqG J × vmaomtopfuav;

E Sp fa<mufud k c kE Sp fr d k i f@ S dt dr fr J ju DqDod k h ac:aqmi fo Gm ;avonf?

tdrfrJjuD;onf _ynfvrf;rSwrd ki fcef htuGm _cH0if;us<fjuD;wpfckxJwGif

@ S donf? wd kufc H | tay:xyfy sO f ;uwd k ;@ Smxd k ;om;rsm;um7Hxm;aom

a@S ;a[mif ;tdr ftd k juD ; _zp fonf? a7e Hacs ;r sm; tcs de fr Se fr Se fokwfxm;

onfhtwGuf tdrftd kaomfvnf; tcd ki ftcef h@ S daeao;onf? a7eHacs;0

aeaomajumif h tdr ftay:xyfonfeufar Smi faeonf? tay:xyf

ta7mifE Si f hvd kufzufatmif atmufxyfwd kufc Hy d ki f ;ud kvnf; rD;c d k ;7i f h

a7mifaq;okwfxm;onf? Zdrfacgif;juD;ud kbwifaexd ki f7m tdrfa~[m

_zpfonf? enf;rs d K ;p H k _zif h7vmaomrde f ;uav;rsm;ud k zgZmwfoGif;onfh

t" duae7mvnf; _zp fonf? txl;o_zi f hac gi f ;rmvSaomr de f ;rr sm ;ud k

vH k ;0O D ;us d K ;oGm;atmif 7uf7ufpufpufcs d K ;E S dr fE S dy fpufr S Krsm;ud k onf

tdrfjuD;wGif vkyfavh@S donf? rdef;rrsm;>b0trJa7mifnpf7rSKajumif h

xd ktdrfud k Øtdrfr JjuD;× [ktrnfay;xm;cJ hjuonf?

taysm ftyg;vd kufpm;olrsm;tod ki f ;t0ef ;wGi f Øtdr fr J juD; ×onf

tawmfud kvlodrsm;onf? txl;o_zif h rde f ;rrsm;tm;ES dy fpuftEd li fusif h

r S Kr sm ;ud k junf h@ S Kumrt7omcHpm;wwfolrsm;twGuf Øtdr fr J juD ; ×

81

onf tvGefyifa7yef;pm;onf? xd kod k haom^SmbDvl;rsm;onf tdrfrJ

juD;Y rdefrrsm;ud k ES dy fpuftEd li fusif hZmwfoGif;yH krsm;ud k aju;juD;juD;

ay;um ab;rSacsmif;a_rmif;junfh@S Kjuavh@S donf?

ud kbwifud k<fwd ki fr Smvnf rde f ;rsm;ud ktEd li ftxuf_yKvky fE S dy f

puf7wmud k 0goemygonf? ZmwfoGi f ;r S Kawmfawmfrsm;rsm;ud kvnf;

olud k<fwd ki fO D ;p D ;!$e fjum;wwfonf?

<c ka':oe f ;oe f ; _rE Si f hp d k ;p d k ;w d k ht dr fr J ju D ;o d k h a7muf@ S dvmonf h

tcs de fwGi fr l ud kbwifr Sma7cs d K ;ce f ;xJwGi facsm fvJusum cg;qpf@ k d ;xd

cd kufoGm;aomajumif h tdyf7mxJwGifvJaeum rvSKyfEd li fr@Sm;Ed li f _zpfae

cJ honf? xdkajumif ha7mufvmonfhtopfuav;ESpfa<muftm; usd K;E G H

atmi fE S dy fuGy fIZmwfoGi f ;7rnf hwm0e fud k ol>vufp G Jz gacgi f ;vlr d kuf

rsm;_zpfjuaom cspfxl;ESi f h _rif hjunfwd k hud kt_ynfht0v$ Jtyfxm;onf?

E S dy fpufZmwfoGi f ;r S Kud kacsmi f ;junf hum umrt7omcHrnf hol

rsm;ud kvnf; tcs de f ;tcsufvkyfum qufoG<fxm;_yD;_zpfonf?

acsmi f ;a_rmi f ;junf h@ S Krnf holtm;vH k ;aygi f ; (8)a<muf? wpf

a<mu fv #i f junf h @ S K cu sy f ( 20000) ay ; ju7onf ? ' Dr S mwi f

ud kbwiftwGufaiGusyf(160000) 7ae_yD?

82

a':oef;oef ; _rE Si f hp d k ;p d k ;wd k hE S dy fpufzsufqD;ZmwfoGi f ;7rnf htcef ;

onf tdrfr JjuD;>tay:xyftv<fyd ki f ;wGi fwnf@S donf? xd ktcef;ud k

uAsmqefqef Øyef;ajuGtdyfcef;× [ktrnfwyfxm;onf?

yef;ajuGtdyfcef;onf tvsm;ay(20)| teH(10)ay us<f0ef;

onf? toHvH katmif_yKvkyfxm;onf? xd ktcef;>ab;bufeH7H@ SnfESp f

c k>wbufp Dw Gi f i g ;ayus<f@ S d aomtce f ;i< fwp fc kp Dz G J hxm ;onf ?

xd ktcef;i<frsm;ESi f h _cm;xm;aomeH7Hrsm;wGif ESp fayywfvnf@S dwpfbuf

_ri fr Se fc sy frsm;wyfqifxm;onf? acsmi f ;junf holrsm;onf xd kr Se fc sy f

r sm ;r Swqif h ye f ;ajuGtdy fce f ;xJwGi fE S dy fpuf!Si f ;ye f ;tE d li ftxuf_y K

vkyfrS K | rk' de f ;usif hr S Krsm;ud k ususeersufapht7omcHum junfh@S KE d li f

onf? yef;ajuGtdyfcef;onftoHvH ktcef;_zpfaomfvnf; xd ktcef;xJrS

tE d S y fpu fc Hr d e f ;rr sm ;> atm fo H[p fo H | i d k< d k awmi f ;ye fo Hr sm ;u d k

acsmi f ;junf hce f ;rsm;r Sem;axmifE d li f7e ftwGuf tdy fce f ;xJwGi ftoHzrf ;

pufrsm;ud kwyfqifxm;um acwfrDu7d<mrsm;_zif hqufoG<f_yKvkyfay;

xm;onf? ac smi f ; junf ho lonf xd ktoHr sm ;u d k em ;axmi fv d kv #i f

em;juyfwyfqiftoH k ; _yK@ k Hom@S donf? toHus<fEd li fwd k ;E d li faomcvkwf

rsm;yif _yKvkyfay;xm;onf?

csp fxl;E Si f h _ri f h junfwd k hu rdr dwd k h>udp Patmif _ri fI_ye fvmju

_y D _ zp f a jumi f ; q<fv lvmz k e f ; _ zi f h o lw d k hq7mu d kbwi fx Ho d k h

83

tajumif;jum;owif;y d k hc J h ju7m ud kbwifuvnf;E S dy fpufZmwfoGi f ;y G J

ud k junf hrnf holrsm;ud k ol hvufaxmufwpfa<mufr Swqif hqufoG<f

ac:<lxm;cd ki f ;c J h7m csp fxl;wd k hE Si f ha@ S hqif haemufqif hqd kovd k yG J junf h

rnf holrsm;wpfa<muf_y D ;wpfa<mufa7mufvmjuv#uf acsmif ;junf h

cef;rsm;wGifae7m<lum toif hapmif haejuavonf? rlvtpDtpOft7

qdkv#if cspfxl;wd k honf ØqG J × ac:vmcJ haomtrs d K ;orD;juD;a':oef;oef;

_rud k Øyef;ajuGtdyfcef ; × xJod k h wygwnf;ac:oGi f ;oGm;_y D ; txm_y

ES dy fpufZmwfoGif;juzd k h _zpfonf?

<ckrl ØqG J × vmjuonfrSm a':oef;oef;_rwpfa<mufwnf;

r[kwfy J p d k ;p d k ;y gtwlygvmum ESp fa<muf_yL; _zp fae7m rde f ;rE Sp f

a<mufygvmaomuyfxlaowWmud k um;ay:wGi f _ri f h junfE Si f hxm;c J h

_y D ; csp fxl;u ud kbwifud koGm;IawG h _y D ; tajumif ;p H ka_ymqd k@ Si f ; _y

onf? touftwefjuD;aomfvnf; _zL_zLawmif hawmif hvH k ;juD;ayguf

vSr de f ;racsmjuD;wpfa<muf7rnfqd kI oabmusaeaomud kbwifr Sm

<ckcsmwdwfrav;wpfa<mufyiftqpfygvmonfqd kawmh yd kIauseyf

oGm;onf? acsmi f ;junf hct_zp f<lxm;onfr Sm rde f ;rwpfa<mufud k

E S dy fpufZmwfoGi f ;r S KtwGufyif _zpf7m <cktyd kwpfa<mufygE Sp fa<muf

_yL ; _zp fae7m ap s ;xy fawmi f ;v#i faumi f ;rvm;[ k ie Jom; ju D ;u

awG;junfhr dao;onf? od k haomf rdr dtwGufuHaumif;p Gmtopfuav;

ESp fa<muf rar#m fvif hy Ja7muf@S dvmcJ hay7m acsmif;junfholrsm;vnf;

tyd kqkt_zpf ESp fa<mufZmwfoGi f ;y G Jud k junf hygap[k qH k ; _zwfvd kuf

84

avonf?

Ø w<f[kwfygvm;uG? topfuav;E Sp fa<mufawmif7vm

wmud k ; ? ri f ;wd k hawmfw<f? tJ' DE Sp fa<mufvH k ;ud k ye f ;ajuGce f ;xJ

ac:oGi f ; _y D ; aumi f ;aumi f ;txm_yvd ku fayawm h ? ri f ;w d k hoabm|

rif;wd k hp dwfjudKuf [kwfvm;? at; ypPnf;awGomrysufpD;oGm;apeJ h ×

@ ky fysufqif;ysuf_zpfatmif tvGeftuÈH@ k dufE Suf_cif ;rvkyfz d k hy J

ud kbwifowday;vd kufavonf? olonfrde f ;rawGud k@ k d fufE SufE S dy fpuf

7wmud k oabmusaomfvnf; '^f7mawG7um@ky fy sufoGm;onfud k

awmh rvd kvm;yg? onfvd k _zpfv#if aps;aumif;r7awmhay?

Ø p dwfc sy gq7mjuD ;- -ody fr@ k du frE Suf7y Je J h O D ;us d K ;o Gm ;

atmifvkyfyg hr<f- - ×

csp fxl;onfud kbwif>cGi f h _yKcsuf7_y D ;onfESi f h um;7yfxm;7m

ae7mod k h _ye fum uwfxlaowWmud k _ri f h junfE Si f hE Sp fa<muftwlrI

Øyef;ajuGtdyfcef; × xJod k h o<f<loGm;avonf? uwfxlaowWm@Snf

xJwGi f ESp fa<mufygae_y D ; a':oef;oef ; _rr Sm 7ifum;um;wifxGm;

xGm; vlaumifxGm;um ud k<ftav;cs de fuvnf;p D ;ay7m csp fxl;E Si f h

_ ri f h junfw d k h E Sp f a<mufrenf ;yi f ju d K ;pm ;um xr f ;wi f7avonf?

rde f ;rESp fa<mufud k rk' de f ;usif hZmwfoGif;7mwGif 7@S dc Hpm;7rnf ht7om

85

wdk h>rufvH k ;ajumif h zgacgi f ;vlr d kufE Sp fa<mufonf judK ;pm;ye f ;pm;

yif xrf;wifjuavonf?

aemufqH k ;awmh yefajuGtdy fce f ;xJod k ha7mufoGm;juavawmh

onf? ESp fa<mufom;tawmfyi farmaeaomajumif h csufcsi f ;tvky f

rpEdlifao;? xdkifItarmtyef;a_zaeju7ao;onf? acsmif;junfhae juolwdkh

t m ; rv d k t m ; r 7 _ z p f I a e juavon f ? c s p fx l ;w d k h tv k y f p ju

rnfhtcs de fud k tHwjudwfjudwfESi f hapmif hvif haejuonf?

tarmtye f ;a _z_y D ;aemuf _ri f h junfuwHc g ;ud kaooyfvH k _c H K

atmi fu su s e ey dw fv d ku fon f ? to Hv H ko G m ; _ y D ? aumi f r aw G

b<favmufatmfatmf udpPr@S dawmh? cspfxl;u rde f ;rESp fa<mufud k

y dw favSmi fxnf hvmaomuwfxlaowWm@ Sn fu d kz Gi f h az gu fv d ku fonf?

ac smi f ; junf haeolr sm ;uvnf; uwfxlaowWmxJr Say:xGufvmrnf h

r de f ;uav;>@ ky f7nfo Gi f _yi f | ud k< fv H k ;u d k< fay gu frnfo d k h @ S d rn fu d k

_rif7atmif aoaocsmcsmud kjunfhaejuavonf? udkbwifa_ymxm;

I _zL_zLawmif hawmif h | qd kufjuD;juD; [JAD;juD;_zpfajumif;ud kawmh

judKwifodxm;juavaonf? 'gayr<f hb<fvd kqd kufjuD;um b<fr#

[JAD;_zpfonfud kawmh rsuf0g;xifxifjunfh_rifodvd kjuao;onf?

uy fx lx Jr S r d e f ; rE S p f a<mu fy l ;x Gu fvmon fu d k _ ri f 7awm h

acsmif;junfhaeol(8)a<mufvH k;t7rf;ud k oabmusoGm;juonf?

86

aqmfESp fayGud kZmwfoGif;wmwxdki fwnf;junfh7awmhrnfr[kwfygvm;?

csp fxl ;E Si f h _ri f h junfwd k hu ESp fa<mufy l ;wkwfaE Smi fxm;onf

rsm;ud k a_zju_zKwfjuonf? a_zonfqd k7mwGi f y7rf;rwmr[kwf?

pepfusonf? pd k ;p d k ;ud komjudK;a_yoGm;atmifvkyfonf? a':oef;oef;_r

ud kawmh vufa7ma_cygjud K ;wkwf7ufom;use faeatmi f vky fonf?

r de f ;rrsm;ud kenf;rs d K ;p H k _zi f hZmwfoGi f ;7mae7mrd k h ye fajuGtdy fce f ;xJwGi f

ju d K ;awGtvH ktavmuf@ S d aeonf? E S dy fpuf! Si f ;ye f ;7mwGi fo H k ;aom

ypPnf;rsm;tygt0if ypPnf;yp<tawmfyif pH kvifpGm@S donf? a':oef;

oef ; _rE Si f h p d k ;p d k ;wd k hud kzr f ;qD;ac:aqmifc J hpO fwke f ;uvd k jud K ;awGbm

awGacÈwma0iSoH k ;aep7mrvd k?

c sp fxl ;E Si f h _ri f h junfwd k hu jud K ;ud k _z Kwf _y D ;aompd k ;p d k ;ud ktce f ;

nmbufe H7 Hem;@ S d Øc snfwd ki f × qDod k hcy f jur f ; jurf ;qG Jac:oGm;onf?

pd k ;pd k ;rSmuefausmuf@kef;uef7if; zgacgif;vlrd kufESpfa<mufqGJac:7m aemuf

y gvm7avonf ? y g ; py fw G i f y dw fuy fxm ; aom t_ym ; ju D ; ju D ;

yvy fpwmud kq G Jrc Gmay;ao;aomajumi f h toHawm hrxGu fE d l i f@ S m ?

tdtdtktkryDrotoHrsm;om_yKEd li fonf?

xd kwd ki fr Sm Øa'gufwd ki f ×y H kp Hrs d K ; _zp fonf? t_rif h (10)ayomom

cef h@ S donf? vlud kvuf_yef _zpfap| vufaÕrmuf7ufom;_zpfap| xd ki f

7uf _zp fap | uke f ;u G7uf _zp fap jud Ku f7mtaetxm;wGi f@ S d atmi f

87

jud K ; _zi f hw ky faE Smi fxm;E d li fonf? csp fx l ;w d k hup d k ;p d k ;u d kvufE Sp fbuf

a Õrmuf7ufom;@ S d aeatmi f xd ki fx dy f>pi fwe f ;w Gi f ju d K ;c sn fqG Jum

wky faE Smi fvd kufjuonf? csp fxl ;wk d hqG Jac:vmpO f tajumuftuef

@ke f ;uefvmcJ h7rS Kajumif h pd k ;p d k ;>xrDrSm a_yuÈwfoGm;cJ honf? pd k ;p d k ;

onf ausmfausmfrif;ESi f ha':oef;oef;_rwd k hvd k ;wmud k acsmif;junfhc J hpOf

u cÈwfyp fxm;c J haomtwGi f ;c Habmif ;bDud k _ye f0wfrvmEd li fc J haom

ajumif h xrDa_yuÈwfaomtcg atmufy d ki f ;wGi ftumtuG<fbmr#r

@S dawmhyJ zifjuD;ta_ymifom;| aygifwefjuD;awGtazG;om;_zpfIaeav

onf? pd k ;p d k ;onfa':oef;oef; _rvd k[JA D ;qd kufjuD;zi fqH k00wpfvpfjuD;

r[kwfaomfvnf; wifyg;vH k ;usp fumrd k hr d k h0e f ;0e f ;awmh@ S donf? tys d Kr

av;rd k h wif;7i f ;onf? apmufar$ ;vnf;aygufae_y D? 'gayr<f hody fr

rsm;ao;? odyfr@Snfao;? qD;pyfE Si f haygi fc Gjum;apmufywfw0d kufwGif

Zmy k0 gcy fy g ;y g ;av;v$r f ;xm;ovd k w7d~ Hy k Hp Hr Jw JwJav;_zp faeonf?

w@kwfu_ym;r tom;azG;tkonfrd k h aygifvH k ;aygifwefjuD;awG| wifyg;

juD;awG_zLazG;tdaejuonf?

p d k ;p d k ;c _rmwd ki fw Gi fvufaÕrmufumwkwfaE Smi fc H7 _y D ;c s de fw Gi fr S

r dr d>atmufyd ki f ;yvmusif;ae7onfht_zpfud k od@S davonf? vufESp f

buftay:od k hqG JaÕrmufwky faESmi fc Hxm;7av7m pd k ;p d k ;tae_zif hay:wif

ju D ; _zp faeaomatmufy d k i f ;u d kb<fv d kr S z H k ;z H k ;umumrvky fE d l i f ay?

twwfEd li fqH k ;aygi frsm;vde faphxm;@k Hom_zpfonf? tzkwfud kaygi fE Sp fvH k ;

_zif h!Syfxm;Ixif;xif;juD;r_rif7aomfvnf; qD;pyfae7mrd k h rd k harmuf

88

aerSKESi f h apmufar$;awGuawmh ay:aeonf? zifjuD;ESi f haygifwefawG

ud kawm h b<fvd kr Srz H k ;z dE d l i f ? wp dr f ;a<muf sm ; ju D ;E Sp fa<mufE Si f h

r dr d>ta':a@S har SmufwGi f atmufy d ki f ;yvmusi f ;ae7rS KtwGuf pd k ;p d k ;

t7rf;@ Sufaerdonf? rde f ;roH k ;a<muftygt0if t_cm;vl(8)a<muf

acsmi f ;junf haejuonfud kawm h pd k ;p d k ;rodyg? odrsm;odv#i fy d k@ Sufay

vdrfhrnf?

vufE Sp fbufud ka Õrmufxm;v#uf rwfwwftaetxm; _zp f

atmi fususeewky faE Smi f _y D ;aemuf csp fxl ;upd k ;p d k ;y g ;py fwGi fuyfy dwf

xm;aom t_ym;juD ;juD ;yvyfpwmud kqwfueJqG J _z Kwfyp fvd ku fav

onf?

Ø aumifrav; eif hemrnfb<fvd kac:ovJ- - ×

cspfxl;uar;cGe f;xkwfonf?

a jumu fve f hw k e fv S K y f @ Su f @ G H h r su f E S my l a eavaomp d k ; p d k ; r S m

cspfxl;ar;wmudk csufcsif;ra_zEd li f? rsufvH k ;juD;_yL;Iomjunfhaeav

onf?

Ø igar;wma_zavaumifrav;? at;at;aq;aq;ayg[m- -

[ k w f v m ; ×

89

c s p fx l ;uavat;at ; _ zi f h a _ y mon f ?tc s d Kow fv d ku fon f h

oabm?

Ø pd k ;- -pd k ;p d k ;- -yg ×

Ø [dk aumifrjuD;aum- - ×

Ø a':- -a':- -oef;oef;- -_r yg ×

Ø ig htrnfrSwfxm; cspfxl;wJ h? [d kaumifu _rif hjunf ×

Ø [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- -uÈefr- -uÈefr- -wdk hud k bm- -

bmvdk h zrf;ac:vmjuwmvJ [if ×

p d k ;p d k ;u ajumufajumufE Si f har;@ Smonf? rdr dwd k hwlt7D ;E Sp f

a<mu fu d k zr f ; ac :vm _ci f ; r S m aumi f ; aom7n f@ G< fc su fE S i f h awm h

r [ k w f E d l i f a j u m i f ; u d k o d a e y g on f ?

Ø cyf@ Si f ;@ Si f ;a_ym77if ei fwd k hE Sp fa<mufud k zgo<fvky f _y D ;

y d kufqHt@Smcd ki f ;rvd k hy J- - ×

csp fxl;>pum;rSm trs d K ;orD;E Sp fa<mufvH k ;twGuf i<fxdy f

90

dud kr d k ;judK;typfcHvd kuf7ovdk _zpfoGm;juonf?

Ø atmifr<fav;- -rvkyfyg7apeJ h@ Si f- -tJ'gud krvkyfyg7ap

eJ h? csrf;omay;yg? ×

Ø eifu zgo<frvkyfcsifbl;vm; ×

Ø [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rvkyfcsifbl;- -rvkyfcsifbl; ×

Ø eifurvky fcsi fayr<f h igwd k huawmhvky fc d ki f ;7r<f? tck' D

tce f ;xJud kac:vmwm eifwd k hE Sp fa<mufigc d ki f ;wmud kus d K ;us d K ;E G HE G Hvky f

ay;zd k hy J @Sif;vm; ×

Ø tvdkav; udk<fusd K ;awmhenf;yg_yD? 'kuQygyJ tD;[D;[D; ×

p d k ;p d k ;wpfa<mufr dr dwd k hwlt7D ;juH KawG h7awmhrnf h jurRmqd k ;ud k

oabmaygufoGm;c J hav_y D? ajumufvGe f ;vSaomajumif hr suf7nfawG

<d kp D;um wtD;tD;atmfid kr d@ Smonf?

a':oef;oef;_rrSmjudK;_zif ht_ywfwkwfxm;v#uf yg;pyfwGifuyf

xm;aomt_ym;juD;juD ;yvyfpwmud kvnf; rz<fc Gmay;onf htwGuf

vS Ky fvnf;rvS Ky fE d li f | pum;vnf;rqd kE d li fy J jurf ; _yi fay:wGi fac Gac G

91

av; vJusae@ Smonf? csp fxl ;E Si f hp d k ;p d k ;wd k ht_ye ftvSe fa_ymqd kaeju

aompum;awGud kawmh a':oef ;oe f ; _raumi f ;aumi f ; jum;ae7onf?

a':oef;oef; _ronf pmzwf0goemygonf? vpOfxkwfríZif;0wÔKrsm;

u d kvn f ; tv#i f ;oi f hov d k zw f@ S Kon f ? r S K ci f ; ríZi f ;u J ho d k h aom

7mZ0wfr S K r s m ;tajumi f ;aZmi f ; ay ;a7 ;xm;onf hríZi f ;r s m ;u d kvnf ;

zwfz l ;onf? xd kajumi f h' k@ k du fom;zgacgi f ;zmxde f ;r sm;u olwd k hvuf

wGi f ;a7muf@ S daomrde f ;uav;rsm;ud k E S dy fpufum tEd li ftxufr k' de f ;

usif h _y D; ZmwfoGif;rS Ktajumif;ud kvnf; odoif hoavmufodxm;onf?

r dr dE Si f hp d k ;p d k ;wd k hud kvnf; csp fxl;E Si f h _ri f h junfqd kaomzgacgi f ;vlr d kufjuD;

r sm ;u E d Sy fpuf! Si f ;ye f ;tE d l i fusi f hum olwd k h c d k i f ;or #v d ku femvky f

aqmifay;7rnf hz go<frrsm;b0a7mufatmif ZmwfoGi f ;ze fwD ;<l k ju

awmhrnfud kvnf; odonf?

jurRmqd k ;ze fwD;r S Kajumif h olwd k hvufwGi f ;wkwfaESmi fzrf ;qD;c H

ae7_y D _zpf7m olwd k h _yKor#awmhc H7ayrnf? rnfod k hqd kI_iif ;qefaomf

vnf; olwd k hutEd li ftxuf_yKjuayrnf? rnfok d hyif_zpfap olwd k hvd k

vm;aomb0rs d K ;awmhta7mufrcH[k a':oef;oef; _rqH k ; _zwfxm;onf?

ES dy fpufcsifoavmuf ES dy fpufjuygap? rk' de f ;usif hcsi foavmufusif hju

ygap? rdr duawmhvk dufav#mtav#mhray;Ed li f? twwfEd li fqH k ; _iif ;qef

7rnf? @ ke f ;ue frnf? twif ;t"r Rv ky f juIom r[efIc H7onf?

oabmwljunf_zLrS Kawmh wpd k ;waphr#r@S dap7? ES dy fpufcH7rS Kajumif h

aocsifaoygap? OD;r!$wf| t@S H K ;ray;[k a':oef;oef;_rpdwfyd ki f ; _zwf

92

xm;onf? r dr dE Si f htwlzr f ;ac:aqmi fc H7avol p d k ;p d k ;twGufr dr du

pHerlem_y_zpfatmif juH hjuH hc Humae_yrnf[k a':oef;oef;_rtcd ki ftrm

q H k ; _ zw fxm ;on f ? r su f7n fvn f ;rusap7? ' l ;vn f ;raxmu f ?

rwwfomaomajumi f hom olwd k hti ftm; _zi f htE d li fusi f humvky fv#i f

awmh vkyfjuygap?

Tod k hp dwfy d ki f ; _zwf_y D ;aemuf a':oef ;oef ; _ronfrsufE Smxm;

wif;wif; _zi f h _zpfay:vmrnf hudp Ptm;vH k ;7i fqd ki f7e f toif h _yi fvd kuf

onf?

Ø ' kuQr_zp fy gbl ;[- -okcc Hpm;7r Smyg? ei furodao;vd k h ?

' Dtvkyfu zDvift_ywfrd_y D; avmupnf;pdr faumif;aumif;c Hpm;7wm

_yD;awmh yd kufqHvnf;7ao;w<f? ×

_rifjunfu _yHK;_z J _z JE Si fa_ymonf?

Ø [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rvkyfbl;- -rvkyfbl;- - ×

pd k ;p d k ;uid kum wGifwGifom_iif;onf?

Ø eifaoaocsmcsmtcs de f<l_yD;pOf;pm;yg aumifrav;7J h? igwd k h

ua_ya_yvnfvnf_zpfcsi fygw<f? @k dufvm;ESufvm;awGrvky fcsi fbl;?

93

tckavmavmq<f [d kaumi frjuD ;u d ki gw d k ht7i ftxm_yvd ku fr<f?

eifjunfhae ×

cspfxl;u a_ymonf?

xd kaemufcsp fxl;E Si f h _ri fjunfwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf a':oef;oef;

_rqDod k hav#mufoGm;juonf?

Ø uÈefrxrD_yefay;cJ hjuyg@Si f- -awmif;yefygw<f ×

atmufy d k i f ;yvmusi f ;aeaomp d k ;p d k ;u vlr d ku fE Sp fa<mufud k

toem;cHvd kufavonf?

Ø xrDuÈwfaewm bm_zpfvJ? eif zgo<fvkyf7awmhrSmyJ?

zifay:wmudktxl;tqef;vkyfraeeJ h? tJ'Dtwdki f;zifa_ymifjuD;yJae- -×

cspfxl;ucyf7if h7if ha_ymum a':oef;oef;_r@S d7mod k hom qufI

av#mufvSrf;oGm;onf?

a' :oe f ;oe f ; _ ron fr d r dx Ho d k hvmae juaomz gac g i f ;v lr d ku f

ESp fa<mufud k pl;p l;7J7Jyifjunfhaeonf? olr>rsufvH k ;onf rke fwD;

r S Ka'gowd k h _zif h rDy Gi f hawmhrwwfta7mifvufaeonf? rsufESmxm;u

94

vnf; cufxefwif;rmvSonf?

csp fxl ;E Si f h _ri f h junfwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf a':oef ;oef ; _r>pl ;7 J

aomtjunf hE Si f h cufxefwif ;rmaomtrlt7mwd k hajumif h a_cvSr f ;

rsm;yif tvdkvd kwk H hoGm;juonf?

Ttcef ;xJa7mufvm_y D ; olwd k h _y Kor#c H7awmhrnf hr de f ;rrsm;

onf ajumufvef hwke fvSKy fi d kajuG;aejuonfcsnf;_zpfonf? onfvd k

wif ;wif ;rmrm|cufcufxefxef rme ft_ynf htrlt7mrs d K ;wpfa<mufr#

r@S d ? aygufawmhrnf ha_r Gwpfaumifyg;ysO f ;axmifaeovd krs d K ;trlt7mud k

awG h7onf htwGuf olwd k hE Sp fa<muftenf;i<fawmh _z H KoGm;juonf?

onftrs d K ;orD;vG<frnfr[kwfajumif;ud kvnf; csufcsi f ;em;vnfvd kuf

onf? rdr dwd k htEd li fusi f hE S dy fpuf!Si f ;ye f ;r S Kr sm;ud k juH h juH hc Hrnf hr de f ;r

_zpfajumif;ud kvnf; tvdkvd kodjuonf?

tenf;i<f_z H KIa_cvSr f ;wk H hc si fovd kvd k _zp foGm;7r S KtwGufawmh

E Sp fa<mufom;p dw frvH k ju? rausey f ju? onfvd kr de f ;rr s d K ;u d k

t_ywfO D ;us d K ;oGm;atmi f cs d K ;E S dr fyp frnf[kvnf; p dwfxJr Saw;vd kuf

juonf?

csp fxl;onfa':oef;oef; _r>wifyg;ud k a_caxmuf_zif hcyfqwf

qwfav;uefvd kufonf? _rif h junfuawmhqHyifud kvSr f ;qG Jum nm

95

bufyg;ud kwpfcsuf_zwf@k dufonf? wmufwGef hovd kvd k _zpfaeonfh pdwf

wd k hud ka_zazsmufvd kufonfhoabmyif?

a':oef ;oef ; _rr Sm csr f ;omjuG<f0v#uf<Ofaus;odr far G haom

tod ki f ;t0d ki f ;wGi far G ;z Gm;juD; _yi f ;vmcJ hay7m t@k duftESufrc H7bl;c J h ?

<ckzgacgi f ;vlr d kufE Sp fa<muf> a_caxmufESi f huef| yg;@ k dufwmawGcH

7aomtcg a'goxGufum tom;awGwqwfqwfwkefonf? rsufvH k ;

r sm ;w Gi fvnf ; a' gota7mi fawGy d k awmufvmonf? csp fx l ;w d k hu d k

p de f ;p de f ;juD;ud k junfhaeonf?

_ri f h junfonfyg;y dwf@ k duf _y D ;aemuf a':oef ;oef ; _ryg ;py fwGi f

ydwfuyfxm;aomt_ym;juD;juD;yvyfpwmudk qG Jc Gmypfvd kufonf?

yg;pyfy Gi f hoGm;onfESi f h a':oef;oef; _ronf_rif h junf>rsufE Sm

ud kwHawG; _zi f h xG DueJvSr f ;axG;onf? onfvd kvky fvdr f hrnf[krar#m f

vif haomajumif h _rif hjunftid kufr doGm;onf? rsufESmwnfhwnf hay:

od k h wHawG;rsm;wnfhwnfhrwfrwfud kpifonf?

Ø w<f- -apmufu_rif;r- - ×

_rif hjunfonfa':oef;oef; _rud kqJ7if; yg;ud k _zwf@k dufvd kuf7m

a':oef ;oef ; _r>rsufE SmvnfxGufoGm;onf? @k dufcsuf _yi f ;IE S kwfcr f ;

96

uG JoGm;7m aoG;rsm;yi fp D ;usonf? _ri f h junfua_caxmufE Si f hvd Sr f hI

uef7m judK;wkwfv#ufom;@S daeaoma':oef;oef;_ronf jurf;_yifay:

wGi f vdr f hIvdr f hIxGufoGm;onf? _ri f h junfonfa':oef ;oe f ; _rud k

vdy fausmuf_r D ;E Si f h tom;awGp kwf_ywfuke fatmif vd Sr f h@ k dufypfvd kuf

c si fonf? od k h aom f '^f7mtemw7_zi f h@ ky fy sufoGm ;atmi frvky fz k d h

u d kbwi f>tr S m pum ;u @ S d a e aoma jumi f h y g ; y dw f @ k du fum

a _ c axmu f E S i f h av ; i g ; c su fue f y p f @ k H E S i f h au s e y fv d ku f 7on f ?

Ø ac G ;w d7ðme f aw G ? r d e f ; rwp f a<mu fu d k ju d K ;w ky f _ y D ; r S

E S d y fpu f7 Jw J hiajumufawG ? umvemwd ku f _y D ; taoqd k ;e J h aoju

ygap- - ×

z gx de f ;v lr d ku fr s m ;u d ktwwfE d l i fq H k ; en f ; _zi f htm ;c Hw k H h _ ye f7e f

qH k ; _zwfxm;aoma':oef;oef ; _ronf ysp fysp fE Sp fE Sp fud kqJa7;wd ki f ;xGm

avonf? Ad ki f ;aumif;ausmufz d _zi f h <Ofaus;odr farG hp Gmaexk di fc J h7ol

r d k h wpfwpfc Gc Gnpfnpfnrf ;nrf ;qJa7;wd ki f ;xGmr S Kr s d K ;ud kawmh rvky f

wwf? rdrdwwfor#wGif txda7mufqH k;aomqJvH k;rsm;_zif hom qJae

7avonf?

Ø eifuw<fpGmwmudk;? pGmus<fus<f_zpfaewJh eif hyg;pyfydwf

ae7atmi f igwd k huvnf;txm_y7ao;wmayg h ? _ri f h junfa7- -

97

'DpGmus<frjuD;ud k uuftd kE d li f ;usmyGwfeJ h rdwfqufay;vd kufprf;yg- -

×

cspfxl;ua_ymonf?

a':oef;oef;_rud k@k dufcsifaeavaom_rif hjunfonf csufcsif; yif

E S d y f pu f! Si f ; ye f ;onf h yp Pn f ;r s m ;xm ;7mb D' d kx Jr S uuft d k E d l i f ;u sm

yGwfavudk oGm;<lavonf?

uuftd kE d li f ;usmyGwfqd konfrSm cyfao;ao;uspfxm;aomjudK;

ud k ;r#i fyg@ S donf husmyGwf_zpfonf? judK ;ud k ;r#i fusmyGwf[kvnf;ac:ju

onf? usmy Gwfjud K ;r #i fr sm;ud kaysm ha_ymi f ;aom taumif ;pm;y d k ;c snf

rsm;E Si f hvky fum teufa7mifqd k ;xm;onf? uuftd kE d li f ;usmy Gwfonf

a0 S h<rf ;7mwGi ftoHtawmf _rnf[de f ;onf? t@k dufc H7aomtcgrsm;

wGi f tom;ylavmifpy fus de f ;um tawmfvnf;emjuifr S K _yi f ; _yonf?

t@k dufc H7aomae7mwGif t@S d K ;7mrsm;xifaomfvnf; tom;ta7pkwf

_y JaoG;xGuf_ci f ;rsm;r@ S d ? tvGe fqH k ;aoG; _cnftkr S Kavmufom_zpfonf?

xifaeaomt@S d K ;7mrsm;vnf; wpf7ufESp f7ufavmufjumv#iftvd kvd k

aysmufonf? rde f ;rwd k h>tvStyrysufpD;apyJ ajumuf@G Hxdwfvef hem

juifatmif @k dufESuf7mwGiftvGeftoH k;wnfhayonf?

_ri f h junfonfteufa7mi fuuftd kE d li f ;usmy Gwfud k<lum [ef

98

a7;_y_c dr f ;acsmufonf htae_zi f h avxJwGi fav;ig ;c sufa0 S h<rf ;@ k duf _y

onf? usmyGwfoHw@$r f ;@ $r f ;wcef;vH k ;wGi f[de f ;oGm;um pd k ;p d k ;onfyif

7ifwkefyef;wkef_zpfum ausmpdrf hatmifajumufvef honf? a':oef;oef;

_rvnf; usmyGwfoHajumif h ajumufvef hr donf? od k haomf olrpdwf

y d ki f ; _zwfxm;onf htwd ki f ;yi f ajumufve f h[e fr sm ;ray:vGi f7atmi f

xde f ;odr f ;um rsufE Smxm;wif;wif;E Si f hyi fqufvky fxm;onf? yg;pyf

uvnf; tqJrysuf? ØacG;wd7ðmefawG× Øtrs d K ;<kwfawG× Øaocsif;

qd k ;awG× [kxyf_yefwvJvJqJqd kaeonf?

Ø 'Dtwd ki f ;@ k duf7i f yD _yi fyg hrvm;? aumifrjuD;ud kud k<fwH k ;

vH k ;cÈwf_yD; tyD@k duf77if rd kufvdrf hr<f ×

_rif hjunfu cspfxl;ud kvSrf;a_ymonf?

Ø wpfud k<fvH k ;awmhrcÈwfeJ htH k ;uGm? xrDyJcÈwf_yD;@ k dufayg h--×

t@ k du ftE Su f c H 7 awm h rn f h a ' :oe f ;oe f ; _ r y d k Ix d e f hve f h |

@ Sufajumufap7e f csp fxl ;E Si f h _ri f h junfwd k hu pum;rsm;ud ktcs Dtcs

a_ymaeju_cif;_zpfonf?

_ri f h junfu a':oef;oef ; _r>xrDud kqG JcÈwfonf? a':oef ;

oe f ; _rr S m a_cusi f ;0w fE Sp fc ky l ;Iju d K ;w kw fc Hxm;7onf h jum;uyi f

99

wwfEd li for#judK;pm;um _rif hjunfud ka_caxmufeSi f hvSr f ;uefvd kufao;

onf? xrDcÈwfonfud ktwif;@ ke f ;uefao;onf? @ke f ;IrvGwfEd li fr Se f ;

odaomfvnf; r dr dtae_zi f hvufaÕrmuft@S H K ;ay;_ci f ;r_yKy J qef husi f

_ii f ;qefr S Kud k _yo_cif; _zpfonf? a':oef;oef; _r>a_cuefcsufrsm;ud k

a@ Smi f7onf ht_yi f | aumhuef@ ke f ;aer S Kajumif h _ri f h junftzd k hxrDud k

tvG<fwulqG Jc ÈwfIr7? tenf;i<fawmhjud K ;pm;tm;xkwf7onf?

rnfod k hyi f _zp fap| a':oef;oef; _r0wfxm;aomxrDuawmh uÈwfuGm

oGm;7yg _y D ? _ri f h junfonfa'gy Gaomajumi f h a':oef ;oe f ; _rxrDud k

vH k ;axG;umv$if hypfvd kufonf? aumifr>zifjuD;ud kvnf; a_caxmuf

_zif hwpfcsufuefonf? xrDuÈwfoGm;aomfvnf; twGif;c Hy dwfpuyf@S d

aeao;aomajumif h a':oef;oef;_rrSm atmufyd ki f ;yvmrusif;ao;yg?

'gayr<f htxufvefwufaeaomajumif h a_covHk;wkwfwkwfcJc Jrsm;u

awmh ay:aeyg_yD? _rif hjunfuydwfpuyfud kqufIqGJcÈwfonf? xrD

vd ktxufqifc g ; jum;xd k ;um0wfxm; _ci f ;r[kwfy J cg ;pnf ;wGi fc s dw f

a7mju<foD;ygcs dwfxm;|wyfxm;aomajumif h qG JcÈwfIr7? 'gajumif h

c s dw fxm ; aomc s dw f E S i f h wy fxm ; aom ju< fo D ;w k d hu d k _ z Kw f z d k h

jud K ;pm;7onf? a':oef;oef; _ruvl;vdrf hum wwfEd li for#@ke f ;uefae

onf?

Ø [kwf_y D- -[kwf_y D- -vky favuGm? atmufc Hpuyfud k

awmifrS uÈwfatmifrcÈwfEd li fawmhbl;vm; _rif hjunf7- - ×

100

c sp fx l ;ujunf haumi f ;aumi f ;E Si f h junf h7i f ; tm;ay;onf?

tm;ay;onfqd kaomfvnf; cyfES dr fE S dr fa_ymovdkrs d K ;r d k h cspfxl;utawmf

ud kc H _yi f ;onf? 'gajumi f htwif ;cy f jurf ; jurf ;vky fvm7m cs dwfE Si f h

ju<foD; _yKwfxGuf_ywfxGufuke fum| a':oef ;oef ; _r>twGi f ;c Hy dwf

puyfvnf; uÈwfxGufoGm;7avawmhonf? _rif hjunfu olhvufxJ

wGifygvmaomydwfpuyfud k qG J _z Jypfonf? 'gayr<fhtaumif;pm;ydwf

om;xlxlr d k h tenf;i<fompkwf_y Jonf? _rif h junfu ydwfpuyfud k

vnf;vH k ;axG;um v$if hypfvd kuf_yefonf?

a':oef;oef; _r>ud k<fatmufyd ki f ;wGi f twGif ;c Habmif;bDuse f

@ S daeao;onf? xd ktwGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDr Smvnf;qd kufjuD ;juD ; _zp fv#uf

um;tdaomzifqH k00wpfwpfjuD;wpfc kvH k ;ud kyif vH k _c H Katmifcsy fcsy f7yf

7yfzH k ;z dxm;El di fonf?

Ø eifu twGif ;c Habmif;bDb<fESp fxyfawmif0wfxm;wmvJ

cÈwfvd k hy JrukefEd li fawmhbl;? wu<fyJ- - ×

_ri f h junfu p dw fr@ Sn fovd ka _ymonf? use faeao;aom

twGif;c Habmif;bDud krcÈwfawmhyJ ay:ae_yD_zpfaomaygifvH k ;juD;rsm;ud k

om uuftd kE d li f ;usmyGwf_zif hav;ig;csufqif h@ k dufcsonf?

Ø @$rf;@ $r f;- - -@$rf;@ $r f;@ $r f;- -×

101

usmy GwfwGi f jud K ;r #i fud k ;ac smi f ;y g@ S daomajumi f h av;ig ;c suf

om@ k dufaomfvnf; a':oef ;oe f ; _r>aygi fvH k ;E Sp fbufwGi f t@S d K ;7m

awGuawmh trsm;t_ym;_zpfay:onf? w@kwfu_ym;rrd k h tom;vnf;

_zLay7m t@S d K ;7mwd k hy d kxifonf?

t@k dufc H7r S Kajumif h emjuifaomfvnf; a':oef ;oef ; _ronf

wpfcsufav;rSrnnf;? judwfIcHonf? onfjum;xJwGifwwfEd li for#

vnf; qJvd kufao;onf?

_rif hjunfyd ka'gy Gvmu uuftd kE d li f ;usmyGwf_zif hqufI@k dufav

onf? a':oef;oef;_rrSm usmyGwf'^fajumif hvdrf hIaeonf? t@S d K ;7m

rsm;vnf; txyfxyfwif;jurf;_zpfonf? wtm;tm;[pfatmf7onf?

qJ_cif;ud kvnf; odyfrvkyfEd li fawmh?

_ri f h junft@k duf7y faomtcg a':oef ;oef ; _rr Smcy fac Gac Gav;

_zpfv#uf wtif;tif;nnf;ae7@Smonf?

csp fxl ;ua':oef ;oef ; _rteD ;od k ho Gm;um a_cusi f ;0wfE Sp fc kud k

y l ;uyfwkwfaESmifxm;onfhjudK;ud ka_zay;onf?

Ø eif hud kigwd k hvd k ;awmhr<f? igwd k hvd k ;wmcHzd k h cHwifay:ud kwuf

ayawmh- - - ×

102

a_caxmufrSjudK;a_zay;_yD; cspfxl;ua_ymonf?

Ø rwufbl;[J h- -rwufbl;? aocsif;qd k ;7J h ×

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ruqJqd k a _ymjum;7i f ; c sp fx l ;u d knma_c _zi f h

vSrf;uefvd kufonf?

usmyGwf@ k dufcsufajumif htrs d K ;orD ;juD;aysm husoGm;_y D[kxifae

aomcspfxl;rSm @kwfw7uftuefcHvd kuf7aomtcg tid kufrdoGm;onf?

a@Smi f7e fyi frpOf ;pm;r dy J a_cuefcsufxdonf? apmif;apmif ;ac Gac Gav;

@S dae7mrS @kwfw7uftuefcH7onfhtwGuf a_cueftm;uodyfrygaom

ajumif h txdawmhrem? 'gayr<fhcspfxl;a'gazmif;oGm;av_yD?

Ø a p mu fu _ r i f ; r ? t c kxu fx d p G m c s i f a ew k e f ; u d k ; ?

aumif;aumif;a_ymaewke f ;c Hwifay:wufaemf? usmyGwfpmrdoGm;csi fvd k h

vm;- - - ×

cspfxl;u _cdrf;acsmufonf?

Ø rwufbl;- -rwufbl;? owfcsi f7i fowfvd kuf? eifwd k h

c d ki f ;wmbmrSrvkyfbl;? aoemaumifawG- - ×

103

a':oef;oef;_rrmefrusao;? wif;rmcufxefpGm _yefa_ymonf

Ø eifuemcsifao;wmudk;- - ×

csp fxl ;ua_yma_ymqd kqd ka':oe f ;oe f ; _r>tay:t0wftuô sud k

twif ;qG Jc Èwfonf? a':oef ;oef ; _rr Smvuf_ye fjud K ;wky faE Smi fc Hpm;7

qJ_zp fonf? od k haomftwif;ud k@ ke f ;aeonf? 'gayr<f hc sp fxl ;u@k d ;@ k d ;

cÈwf_cif;r[kwfyJ twif;qkwf_zJcÈwfxm;_cif;_zpf7m tuôsonf Ø_Ad×

ueJ Ø_Ad×ueJqd kovdkp kwf_ywfxGufoGm;onf? Todk h _zif ha':oef;oef;_r

onf twGif;c HZmabmfvDESi f htwGif;c Habmif;bDwd kav;omv#if t0wf

tpm;[lIusefaeaomt_zpfok d h a7muf@S doGm;avonf?

csp fxl ;u_ri f h junfxHr S uuftd kE d li f ;usmy Gwfud kvSr f ;<lonf?

_yD;awmh a':oef;oef;_rud kpwif@k dufESufonf?

c s p fx l ;on f _ri f h jun fv d k qi f hu Jqi f hu J@ k du f c s i f ; r[ kw f ?

wcsu fc si f ;p dr fa _yea _y@ k du fonf? @ k du f7i f ;o lc d k i f ;wmvky frvky far ;

ao;onf?

Ø @$rf;- - ×

Ø igwd k hvd k ;wmcHzd k h cHwifay:wufrvm; ×

104

Ø rwufbl;[J h- -rwufbl;- - ×

Ø @$rf;- -tm; ×

Ø cHwifay:wufav- - ×

Ø rwufbl;- -rwufbl l;- - ×

Ø @$rf;- -tm;- -@$rf; trav; tm; ×

Ø rwuf7if t@k dufcHae7rSmayg h- - ×

Ø @$rf;- -tm; @k duf@k duf xatmif@k duf- - ×

Ø @$rf;- -tm;tD; ×

wcsufcsi f ;@ k dufaomfvnf;tm;uyd k _yif ;7m _rif hjunf@k dufpOfu

xuf a':oef ;oef ; _rr Smy d kIememjuifjuif _zp fonf? _y D ;awmhcsp fxl ;

onf _rif hjunfxufusmyGwf@k duf7mwGif uÈrf;onf? emjuifrS K _yif;

rnf hae7mawGud ka@ G ;um xdxdr dr d@ k dufwwfonf? a':oef ;oef ; _rr Sm

csp fxl;>xdrd _yi f ;xefaomusmyGwf@ k dufcsuf'^fud k rcs drqef hyi fc Hae7

@ Smonf? emvGe f ;aomajumi f h xGe f hx Ge f hu d kv l ;aeonf? od k h aom f

105

t@S H K ;ay;_ci f ;um r@S dao;? cHwifay:od k hrwufyJ twif;ud k _ii f ;qef

aeonf?

c sp fxl ;onfa':oe f ;oe f ; _rud k wpfud k<fvH k ;" g ;E Si f hr $e f ;yp fc si f

p dwfawGyifay:vmonf? ud kbwifu tvStyysufatmifrvky fz d k hr Sm

xm;aomajumif hom atmif htnf;ae7onf? uuftd kE d li f ;usmyGwf_zif h

a':oef;oef; _rud kcs d K ;E S dr fvd k hr7ajumif;vnf; em;vnfoGm;onf? udpP

r@S dyg? rde f;rwpfa<muf>tvStyrsm;ud krysufpD;apyJ ememjuifjuif

_zpfatmifES dy fpufonfhenf;vrf;awGawmh trsm;juD;@S dygao;onf?

Ø tvdk;c Hz d k h cHwifay:eifrwufbl;qd k7ifbmcufvJ? igwd k hu

twif ;q G Jwi fr S may g h ? ud ki f ;a[h _ri f h junfa7 ' Daumi frju D ;u d k

oltvd k ;c H7r<f hc Hwifay: wifpr f ;uGm- -aumif ;aumif ;usi f hyp fju

7atmif? ×

cspfxl;u_rif hjunfud ka_ymonf?

_ri f h junfvnf ;a':oe f ;oe f ; _rud k c Hwi fay:od k hq G Jwi fonf?

a':oef;oef;_rtwif;@ke f ;onf? a_caxmufrsm;_zif huefonf? ud kufqG J

z d k h judK;pm;onf? a':oef;oef;_rrSm t7yf_rif hum udk<fvH k ;ud k<fayguf

awmif hawmif hE Si f hoefp Gr f ;ay7m twif;@ ke f ;uefaeaomtcg _rif h junf

tae_zif h qG JIrEd li fatmif_zpfaeonf? udk<fvH k ;xGm;ovdk tav;cs de f

106

uvnf; pD;ay7m| onftwdki f;yif Ør× zd k hcufonfhud k<fvH k ;rs d K ;r[kwf

vm;? onfawmhcspfxl;vnf;0ifulnD7onf?

z g a c g i f ;v l r d ku f E S p f a<mu f c s K y f z r f ;q G Jwi f aomtc gw G i f r l

a' :oe f ;oe f ; _ rb<favmu f@ k e f ; @ k e f ; r7E d l i f awm h ? c Hwi f ay :o d k h

a':oef;oef;_ra7mufoGm;7onf?

od k haomf a':oef;oef; _ru t@S H K ;ray;ao;yg? cHwifay:wif

E d li f _y D[k csp fxl;E Si f h _ri f h junftcsKy ftzrf;av#mhvd kufonfESi f h twif;

yi fvS dr f hIqif;onf? cHwifatmufod k h' H k ;ueJusoGm;7m _ri f h junfwd k h

yif@ kwfw7ufvef hoGm;ju7onf? a':oef;oef;_rvnf;usonfht@S de f _zif h

ud k<fawGvufawG emoGm;7onf?

Ø eifwd k hqG Jwifwd ki f ; 7r<fxifovm;? iguawmhatmufud k

_yefvS dr f hqif;rSmyJ- - ×

zgacgi f ;vlr d kufE Sp fa<mufud k tHwkE d li fvd kufIa':oef;oef; _ru

cyfpGmpGma_ymonf?

_rif hjunfESi f hcsp fxl;wd k honfcHwifay:rSc ke fqif;juum a':oef;

oef; _rud k twif;cs Ky fzr f ;I cHwifay:_ye fwifonf? a':oef; ;oef; _r

wpfa<muf @kef;7if;uef7if;ESi f hyif cHwifay:_yefa7mufoGm;7onf?

107

onfwpfcgwGif cspfxl;wd k hu ayg hraejuawmh? a':oef;oef;_r_yefvS dr f h

rqif;oGm;Ed li fatmif vkyfjuavawmhonf?

a':oef ;oe f ; _r>vuf_ye f jud K ;wkwfaE Smi fxm;onfud k t_re f

_zKwfonf? _y D ;awmh vufE Sp fbufud kqG Jqef hum cHwifacgi f ;7i f ;r S

wef;rsm;wGif _rJ_r Hp GmjudK;ESi f hwkyfonf? xdkc HwifrSmrde f;rrsm;ud kwifI

twif;t"rRrk' de f ;usif h7ef txl;pyg<f@S<fvkyfxm;_cif;_zpfonf? rk' de f ;

tusi f hc H7olr de f ;rawG r@ ke f ;E d li fatmi f vufrsm ; | a_caxmufr sm ;

cg;ponfwd k hud kwkwfaESmif7ef wd ki frsm;wef;rsm;tpH ktvifyg@S donf?

vufE Sp fbufud kqef humcHwifacgi f ;7i f ;wGi f jud K ; _zi f hqG Jwkwf

cH7avaomtcg a':oef;oef;_rrSmcHwifatmufod k h b<fvd kr S _yefrvS dr f h

qi f ; E d l i f awm h ? ' g awmi f c s p fx l ;w d k hu d k a _ caxmu fE S i f hue f ao ;7m

a _cu si f ; 0w fE S p f c ku d ku d k i fum ar G h 7 may :z dx d e f ;xm ;v d ku f7on f ?

Ø ud ki f ;- -eifc Hwifay:u _yefrqif;E d li fawmhbl;? 'Dawmh

igwd k hwufvd k;wmudk at;at;aq;aq;cHzk d h _yifayawmh ×

Ø rcHbl ;[J h- -rcHbl;? ei fwd k hud kuefcsyp fr Smy J? vlud kbm

atmif;arhvd k hvJ- - ×

a':oef;oef;_ruvnf; uufuufvef_yefa_ymonf?

108

Ø tif;- -eif hud k txm_ytH k;r Sy J- -×

csp fxl ;u ES dy fpuf!Si f ;ye f ;onf hud7 d<mrsm;wifonf hpi fay:r S

Zm~emtjuD;pm;wpfacsmif;ud k oGm;<lonf?

Ø 'D Zm~emeJ hei f hapmufar$ ;awGud kwpfyi fcsi f ;qG JE S Kwfypfr<f?

igwd k hvd k ;wm at;at;aq;aq;cHyg hr<fvd k hqd kr S 7yfr<f? ×

csp fxl ;u Zm~emud ka':oef ;oef ; _r_ri fE d li fatmif _y7if ;a_ym

onf?

a':oef;oef;_ru bmrS_yefra_ym? tHud komwif;wif;judwfI

xm;onf?

Ø ei fuapmufar $ ;xlwmqd kawmh qG JE S Kwfp7mapmufar $ ;awG

trsm;juD;yJ? awmfawmfvnf;@SnfwmyJud k ;? ×

cspfxl;onfa':oef;oef;_r0wfxm;qJ_zpfaom twGif;c Habmif;

b D c g ; pn f ; ar # m h ju d K ;u d ktomq G J rum u ke f ; jun f h 7i f ; a _ y mon f ?

a':oef;oef;_rrsufESmylxloGm;onf?

cspfxl;onftwGif;c Habmif;bDud k atmufod k hwGef;csonf?

109

twGif ;c Habmif;bDaygi fvnfyd ki f ;qDod k h vdy fqif;usonf? qD;pyfr d k hr d k h

E Si f hapmuftH kazgi f ;azgi f ;juD;txif;om;ay:vd k hvm_y D? w@kwfu_ym;rrd k h

apmufar$;u xk d ;xd k ;axmifaxmif_zpfaeonf? xlxyfovd k@ Snfonf?

'gayr<fhrjurf;wrf;? aysmha_ymif;El;nH honf?

csp fxl ;uapmufar $ ;rE S Kwfao;y J vuf_zi f htomqG Jud ki f junf h

onf? a':oef;oef;_rrSm tonf;wat;at;_zpfIoGm;onf? t@k duf

tESufwd k hud kawmif hc Hc J haoma':oef;oef;_rrSm apmufar$;tud ki fc H7aom

tcgwGifawmh 7ifzd kp_yKvmonf?

Ø apmufar$;u@Snfayr<fhrjurf;bl;? tawmfEl;nh Hw<f? 'D

aumifrjuD;apmufzkwfuvnf; vd k;vd k htawmfaumif;r SmyJ? prf;junfh

vd kuf7tH k ;r<f- - ×

c s p fx l ;ua _y ma _ y mq d kq d k | a' :oe f ;oe f ; _ r>ay g i f c Gq H k r S

apmufzkwfjuD;ud k vuf_zif htkyfIprf;vd kufonf?

Ø td k- - ×

a':oef;oef;_rES Kwfzsm;rS ryGif hwyGif htoHxGufonf? udk<fvH k ;

juD;qwfueJwkefonf? apmufywfjuD;onfvnf; csufcsif;yifrd k hazgif;

wufvmonf? 'gud kzgacgi f ;vlr d kufcsp fxl;u aumif;aumif;owd_yKr d

110

vdkufonf?

Ø b<fvk dvJaumifrjuD;? igwd k hvd k ;wmud kc Hawmhrvm; ×

cspfxl;u ar;vd kufonf?

Ø [if htif;- -[if htif;- - ×

a':oef;oef; _ru _iif;onf? _iif;qefr S Konf apmapmuvd k

wif;wif;rmrmr[kwfawmh? rodromwkef7ifaeonf? rsufvH k ;rsm;ud k

vnf; pH kr S dwfIxm;onf?

c sp fx l ;uapmu fz kw fu d kt ky f pr f ae7mr S vufz< fc G mon f ?

_y D ;awmh Zm~emESi f hapmufar$;wpfacsmif ;ud k!Sy fonf? a':oef;oef; _r

>apmufar $ ;r sm ;onf xlxy f _y D ;ay sm ha _ymi f ;aeav7m wpfac smi f ;

wnf ;! Sy fr dz d k h tawm fud kv ky f< l7onf? apmufar $ ;wp fyi fwnf ;7

atmif useftar$;rsm;ud kz<f@Sm;7if; apmufzkwfjuD;ud kvuf_zif hxdr dI

aeonf?

wpfyi fwnf;!Sy fr daomapmufar $ ;ud k csp fxl ;upIES Kwfonf?

E S Kwf7mwGi fqwfueJqG JE S Kwfypf _ci f ;r[kwf? tomav;r#i f ;Iom_znf;

_znf;av;qG J<lonf? xk dod k hqG J<lr S Kajumi f h apmufar $ ;onfuÈwfr

111

xGufy J atmufa_cqljuGwufvm7m t_rpfwG<faygufaeaomae7m

_zpfonfh apmufywfta7_ym;wGiftzktxpfav;_zpfI pljuGwufonf

a':oe f ;oe f ; _rtz d k h r S mvnf ; emjui fr S K[ krqd kE d l i f ao;aom

py fz si f ; z si f ; av;c Hpm ;7onf ? w_znf ; _zn f ;q G J ae7maemu fq H k ;w Gi f

apmufar$;onfatmufa_ct_rpfr S uÈwfIxGufonf? a':oef;oef; _r

@ Swwav;c Hpm ;7onf? c sp fx l ;u qG JE S Kw fxm;aomapmufar $ ;u d k

a':oef ;oef ; _r>rsufE Smay:od k htomcsay;vd kufonf? a':oef ;oef ; _r

rSm tawmfud ktae7cufoGm;@Smonf? <m;ovkdvd kbmvd kvd k wpfrs d K ;

juD;_zpfonf?

cspfxl;uaemufapmufar$;wpfyifud k xyfES Kwf_yefonf?

apmufar $ ;wpfyi ftES Kwfc H7wd ki f ; a':oef ;oef ; _rwGe f hueJwGe f h

ue J _zp fonf? c sp fx l ;onfapmufar $ ;r sm ;u d kwp fyi fc si f ;q G JE S Kw f7i f ;

a':oef;oef;_rud k rdrdwd k hvd k ;wmud kc Hrvm; [k ar;aeonf? a':oef;

oef;_ruvnf; [if htif; |[if htif;[k _iif;qefIaeonf? aemufyd ki f ;

w Gi f c sp fx l ;onf ;apmufar $ ;wp fyi fc si f ;p Dr[kwfawm hy J E Sp fyi fy l ; |

xk dr Swzef oH k;yifyl; | av;yifyl;ponf_zif h pkIpkIqG JE S kwfonf? tyif

y l ;rsm;vmonfESi f htr# a':oef;oef; _rtzd k htar$;E S Kwfc H7wmyd kIemjuif

avav_zpfonf? od k haomf csp fxl;>tar;ud kawmh tif; rcsao;?

_iif;qef_r J _iif;qefaeqJ_zpfonf?

112

xdkaemufwpfrs d K ;a_ymif;vmum opfom;rsOf;vH k ; _zif h a':oef;

oef;_r>a_covHk;ay:wifum tay:rSzdjudwfyGwfonf? a':oef;oef;

_rrSmvnf; tonf;cd kufatmifemjuifum toHukefatmf[pf7av

onf? onfES dy fpufrS Konf tvGefud kxda7mufonf? a':oefoef;_r

wpfud k<fvH k ;acÈ;awG_yd Kuf_yd Kufusum rsuf7nfwGifyif<d kp D;usonf?

rjuH kz l;aomemjuifrS Kud kc Hpm;7onf? od k haomfa':oef;oef;_ru

tav#mhray;? wif;cHaeao;onf?

Ø eif hyg;pyfu tvdk;c Hr<fvd k hra_ymvnf; igwd k hueif hud kwuf

vd k;awmhr<f? vd k;e d li fatmifaygifjuD;awGud kom tvdkufoif hum;ay; ×

a_covH k ;ay:wGi fopfom;rsO f ;vH k ; _zi f hz d judwfumvd Sr f hIE S dy fpuf

r S K'^fud k a':oef;oef; _rtm;cJawmif hc HE d li faomtcg csp fxl;uwpfrs d K ;

7pfvm_yefonf?

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronfc Hwi fay:wGi fyufvufvSe fum vufE Sp f

bufud kqef hI cHwifacgi f ;7if;wGi fjudK;E Si f hqG Jwkwfxm;_cif;c Hxm;7onf

tu<fIcsp fxl;wd k hu a_caxmufE Sp facsmi f ;ud ktwif;qG Jum wufI

rk' de f ;usif hv#if a':oef;oef;_rb<fvd kr S@ ke f ;uefEd li frnfr[kwf? tusif h

c H7rnf hta_ctaewGi f@ S donf? csp fxl;u aumifrjuD;ud kc s d K ;E S dr fonf h

tae_zi f h aygi ftum;c d ki f ; _ci f ; _zp fonf? rxl;awmhonf hta_ctaerd k h

a':oef;oef;_raygifum;ay;v#if olwd k hud kus d K ;E G Honf hoabmoufa7muf

113

oGm;ayrnf? 'gud ka':oef;oef;_ruvnf; em;vnfonf?

Ø td k- -rum;Ed li fygbl;? bmvdk hum;ay;7rSmvJ ×

a':oef;oef; _ru _iif ;qefonf? _iif ;y<fr S KwGi fapmapmyd ki f ;

uavmuf rmefawGt_ynfh@ S draeawmh?

Ø acgif;rrmcsifprf;e J htrs d K ;orD;? eif hta_ctaeud koabmayguf?

igwd k hutwif;aygif_z J _y D;wufcs7if eifcH7r<fqd kwmrodbl;vm; ×

Ø 'guawmh eifwd k htyd ki f ;? igrodbl;? rde f ;rwpfa<mufud k

judK;e J hwkwf_yD; t@Sufr@S d ol7Jabmajumifajumife J htEd li fusif hcsi fusif h

ju? iguawmhvH k ;0rvd kufavsmbl;? tvdkrwlbl;? 'gyJ? eifwd k hc d ki f ;

wmawGvnf; bmrSrvkyfbl;? ×

Ø igwd k hvd k ;wmud k eifwu<frcHcsifbl;ayg h ×

Ø ar;aep7mvk dao;vm; aoemaumif7 J h ? ei fwd k hr sufE Smud k

awmifjunf hc si fwmr[kwfbl;? owW d@ S d7i f jud K ;a_zay;vd kufav? yg;

@Sp fp dwfuG Jatmif @k dufypfvd kufr<f? ×

Ø aumif ; _y D ? eif hy g ;py fu igwd k hud kvd k ;z d k hxkwfa_ym7wJ htxd

114

igvkyf _yr<f? judK;a_zay;7if eifuigwd k hud kwtm;us H K ;zuf_y D ; tvd k ;

c d ki f ;r Smyg? ×

Ø awmuf a0;ao;- -judK;a_zay;junfhav? ×

Ø a_zay;r<f pdwfcs? c^awmhapmif htH k ;? ×

Tod k ha _ym_y D ;aemufcsp fxl ;onf a':oef ;oef ; _rud k<fay:wGi f

aemufqH k ;use fao;aomvufuse ft0wftpm;r sm ;u d k qG Jc Èw fonf?

twGif ;c Habmif;bDr Sm aygi fvnfem;avmufwGe f ;csxm;_y D ; _y Dr d k h ody ft

yef;rjuD;y J vSKy f@ Sm;uefausmufaeaoma_caxmufrsm;ud k tomcsKy f

xdef;um qGJcÈwfcsEd li fonf?

ZmabmfvDusawmh tawmftcufawG honf? a':oef ;oef ; _r

onf yufvufvSeftdyf7ufom;@S daeum aemufausmbuf@S dZmabmfvD

c s dw fr sm ;ud k _z Kwfz d k h taetxm;t7ody ftqifra_y? _y D ;awm ha':oe f ;

oef ; _r0wfxm;onfu ud k<fwd ki f ;y H kp Hay;u aoaooyfoyfcs Ky fc d ki f ;

xm;onfhZmabmfvD? aemufausmcs dwfrsm;_rJ_rHonf? vHkvH k _cH K_cH K@S d onf?

y dw fom ; r s m ;uvn f ; c d k i f c e f hon f ? @ k d ; @ k d ;we f ;we f ;q G J c Èw f z d k h

rvG<fulawmh? cspfxl;wd k hu vufeufulonf? 'g;aÕrmifud kxkwfoH k ;

um ZmabmfvDud kvS D ; _zwfqkwf_z Jypfonf? 'g;aÕrmifvufcsufajumif h

a':oef ;oe f ; _r0wfxm;onf htaumif ;pm;ZmabmfvDtpdwfp dwftr$mr $m

115

p kw f _y Jx Gu fo Gm ;onf ? a':oe f ;oe f ; _ronf wp fc s d e fv H k ;v d kv d k yi f

c sp fx l ;tm ;q Ja7 ;w d k i f ;x Gmq ly lIatm f[p faeonf ? r dr dtvd krw ly J

twif ;tjuyfvky faeonfud k wwfE d li for#ay:vGi fatmi fv ky fonf?

u d k< fv H k ;w D ;yvmusi f ;o G m ;aomtc g a' :oe f ;oe f ; _ ronf

a_caxmufESp facsmif;ud k twif;yifvdefcs dwfIxm;onf? xd ktcgtzkwf

uaygifjum;wGifnyfaeum ay:ay:vGifvGifjuD;_zpfrae? vufud kjudK;

wkwfxm;aomajumif h 7ifom;tpH kud kawmhzH k ;z H k ;z dz dvkyfvd k hr7? xGm;td

aom7ifom;qd ki fjuD;ESp fc konf iSufaysmzl;juD;rsm;yrm vH k;vH k ;0ef;0ef;

ay:Iaeavonf?

Ø aumifrjuD;aygifawGum;aeatmif vkyfjupd k h ×

c s p fx l ;ua _ y mon f ? x d k a e mu f c s p fx l ; E S i f h _ r i f jun fw d k h

E Sp fa<mufonf a':oef;oef ; _ra_caxmufE Sp facsmi f ;ud ktwif;qG Jum;

um a_cusi f ;0wfae7mrsm;wGi fjud K ; _zi f hwky fI cHwifa_c7if ;wef ;rsm;

wGif wG Jcsnfxm;vd kufjuoonf? To d k h _ z i f h a ' :o e f ; o e f ; _ r

wpfa<mufc Hwifay:wGi f a_cum;7m; | vufum;7m;taetxm;_zi f h

@ ke f ;rxGufomatmif _zpfoGm;7onf?

rdrdr k' de f ;usif hc H7awmhrnfud ka':oef;oef;_rodonf? @ke f;uef;vd k h

vnf ;b<fvd kr Sr7y J olwk d hv ky for #c H7r Smud kvnf ; em;vnfonf?

116

onfta_ctaewGifr dr donftvd krwlyJ twif;tjuyfvkyfaomajumif h

r @ k e f ; E d l i f y J c H 7 avon f[ l aomtc su f ay :v G i fxi f @ S m ; 7avatmi f

twwfE d l i fq H k ;v ky fz d k h _yi fqi fxm;onf? c sp fx l ;E Si f h _ri f h junfwd k hu d k

tqufr_ywfyifqJa7;aeonf? tEd li ftxufrw7m;vkyfolr k' de f ;orm;

rsm; | vl<kwfrmrsm;t_zp fp Gy fp G Ja _ymqd k@ S Kwfcsonf? xk dpum;rsm;ud k

toHuke fatm f[pfuma_ym_ci f ;r[kwf? wtm;atm fa _ymv#i ftoH0i f

oGm;um a7@Snfra_ymE d li fawmhy JE S kwfy dwfoGm;7rnfud k p d k ;7 dr fonf?

'gajumif hwwfEd li for# csp fxl;wd k h jum;Ed li f@ k HavoH_zif hom a_ymonf?

' gr Sa7@ Sn fa _ymE d l i frnf ? rvS Ky fatmi fw kwfaE Smi fxm;aomr dr dtay:

olwd k hwufcGum rk' de f ;usif haecs de fwGifvnf; tqufr_ywfqJqd k@ S Kwfcs

aernf? 'gu cspfxl;wd k h>rk' de f ;usif hr S Kud k7ifqd ki f7ef a':oef;oef;_r>

tjuH?

cspfxl;xHwGifvnf;a':oef;oef;_rud kcs d K ;E d Sr ftyDud ki fz d k h tpDtpOf

@S daeonf?

a':oef;oef;_r>aygifwefjuD;ESp fc kum;<m;_zpfaeatmif usus

eewkwfaE Smi f _y D ;onfE Si f h c sp fx l ;uol htjuHtpnfud kpwi ftaumi f

txnfaz:avawmhonf?

csp fxl ;onf jud K ; _zi f hwkwfaE Smi fumqG J _z Jxm;Ium;um;juD ;

_zpfaeaoma':oef;oef;_r>aygifjuD;ESp fc kjum;wGif 0ifae7m<lonf?

117

vd k ;7e fwu fc G _ ci f ; r[ kw fy g ? ay gi f jum ;w Gi f 0r f ;v s m ;ar S mu fc sum

apmufywfud kukef;7ufvd kuf_cif;_zpfonf?

a p mu f yw f 7u f _ c i f ;u d k aoaoc s m c s m p ep fwu sv k y fon f ?

ppcsi f ;apmufywfud kqG J _z Jum av_zif hcyfomomzl;ueJz l ;ueJr S Kwfvd kuf

onf? qG J _z Jxm;I[_yJ _zp faeaomapmufacgi f ;xJavrsm;wd k ;0i foGm;7m

a':oef;oef; _rrSm b<fvd kjuD; _zpfoGm;r Se f ;rodwwfawmh? 7ifc ke fvm

onf? qJa7;a_ymqdkoHrsm;vnf; odyfrus<fEd li fawmh? wdk;IoGm; onf?

av;i g ; c su f ce f h avr S Kw fo G i f ; _ y D ; a emu f cy f _ y J _ y J cy ftmtm _zp f ae

aomapmufywftv<ftuG Jajumi f ;w Gi f @ Smud kt_ym;vd ku fuy fum

ysy fue J _rnfatmi fuke f ;I7ufvd kufonf? a':oef ;oe f ; _rwpfa<muf

i g ;z<fy s Hovd kyi faum hIwufoGm ;onf? yg ;py fr Svnf ; ØtD ; × ue J

q G Jq G J ii fii ftoH _y Kr donf? r dr du d k< fr dr dbm_zp fo Gm ;r Se f ;u d kyi fro d ?

@ k du f E Su f E S d y f pu fr S K r s m ;u d komc H E d l i f aoma' :oe f ;oe f ; _ ru d k

tjurf;enf;roH k ;awmhy J 7rufaZmxefvmatmif _znf; _znf;csi f ;E S d K ;qG

ZmwfoGi f ;7e fp dwful;7I csp fxl;u'DtjuHud kpwiftaumiftxnfaz:

_cif;_zpfonf? <cka':oef;oef;_raumhys HwufoGm;rS Ku olk htjuHatmif

_rifrnf[k aocsmaygufa[mude f ;xkwfE d li foGm;avonf? olxifxm;

onfxufyi f a':oe f ;oe f ; _r w^Smwufum7ruf _yi f ;ajumi f ;ud k

csp fxl;odoGm;_y D?

c sp fx l ;onfapmufywfud kqufr7ufawmh? tomz<fc G gIx

118

dvd kufonf? rar#m fvif hy Japmufywft7ufcH7rS Kajumif h wpfud k<fvH k ;

_z d K ; _z d K ;zsi f ;zsi f ; _zpfum aoG;awGqlvmaoma':oef;oef; _rc_rmrSmawmh

z gaomzufoufjuD ; _zp fumuse fc J honf? ausm fausm fri f ;>aumi f ;r S K

ajumif h a':oef;oef;_ronfapmufywft7ufcH7rS Kt7omudk rufarm

aeonf? <ckcsp fxl;>vkyf7yfr Sm a':oef;oef; _r>umraysm huGufud k

tyDESufovdk_zpfoGm;onf? apmufywf7ufwmqufIcHvdkonf? 'gayr<fh

c s p fx l ;w d k hu d k z gx d e f ;v l r d ku f r s m ;t _ z p fqu f p k y f r k e f ;w D ; joE Sv H k ;

emaeonf hp dwfuvnf;@ S dae7m tzkwfquf7ufay;z d k hawmhxkwfra_ym?

tHjudwfum pdwfud kxde f ;aeonf? Ed k ; juGvmaom7rufud kz dE S dr fIae

onf? rdrdud k<frdr dtm;ay;onfhtae_zif h cspfxl;ud kqJqd konf?

Ø acG;juD;? ao;aomufcsifvd k h7ufwmvm;? trs d K ;<kwf ×

qJr<fhomqJ7onf? toHu wkefaeonf? rmefrygawmh?

csp fxl;uauseyfaomt_yH K ;ud k _y H K ; _y D ; a':oef;oef;_r>nmbuf

ab;wGi fcy fapmi f ;apmi f ;av;0iftdy fonf? onfvd kc sp fxl;E Si f htwl<SO f

um tdyf7ufom;_zpf7rS Kud k a':oef;oef;_rrvd kvm;yg? od k haomfvuf

ESp fbufa7m| a_caxmufESp fbufyg um;7m;juD; _zp faeatmif judK ;

wkwfqG Jc Hxm;7aomajumi f h b<fvd kr Sae7mra@ $ hE d li f ? ra@ Smi fE d li f ?

c sp fx l ;u a':oe f ;oe f ; _ r>r d k h r d k hx G m ;x G m ;E d k ht H k ju D ;r s m ;u d k

119

toH k ;c savonf? csp fxl ;onfcy fjurf ;jurf ;ud ki f!Sp fr S Kr s d K ;rvky fao;?

nifnifomomav;vkyfonf? Ed k htH kjuD;ud kvuf0g;E Si f htky fv#uf _znf;

_znf ;c si f ;y Gwfonf? @ G@ Gav;qky fonf? tomt<mav;ud ki fonf?

a':oef;oef;_rrSmawmh 7ifxJwGi fz d kovd kvd k | ausmat;ovd kvd kyif _zpf

v#uf Ed k hoD ;acgi f ;av;E Sp fc konf wr[kwfcsi f ;yi faumhaxmifIwuf

vmjuavonf? a':oef;oef;_r>Ed k hoD;acgif;ESp fc konf tawmf@Snfay

7m Edk htHkxdyfwGiftcÈef;qifhwyfxm;ovdkyif_zpfaeonf? xdktcg cspfxl;onf

o l>vu f 0 g ;u d k _ z e f h u m E d k h t H k a y :w G i f x don fq d k @ k H av ;uy f

I aq;vH k;ovdkrs d K ;0 d ki f ;IyGwfonf? Ed k hoD;onfvuf0g;ud kt_ywfxdum

xd k ;E S H hc H7ovd kr s d K ; _zp fonf? a':oef ;oef ; _rwpfud k<fvH k ; juufoD;awG

xonf? apmufywfxJrSt7nfjunfav;rsm;pd kIxGufvmonfud kvnf;

owd_yKr donf?

a' :oe f ;oe f ; _rr S m tju D ;tus< fyi fx dw fve f ho G m ;7onf ?

ynmwwfausmi f ;q7mrwpfa<mufr d k h r dr db<fvk dta_ctaers d K ;@ S dae

onfud kvnf ; awG ;qrdonf? r dr dp dw fawGE d k ; juGp_y Kaeyga7mvm;?

@k dufESufES dy fpufrSKrsm;ud kjuH hjuH hc HEd li fc J haomfvnf; yGwfoyfud ki fwG<f um

7rufaZmxe f _yi f ;atmi fv ky fvmr S Ku d k awm h enf ;en f ;av;r Sawmi f

rc HE d l i f awm h _y Davm? ppc si f ;yi f p dw fawGbmajumi f honfavmuf

awmifvSKyf@ Sm;vm7wmvJ? r_zpfbl;? pdwfxaevdk hr_zpfbl;? olwd k hu

ig hud ktwif ;r k' de f ;usi f h jurSm? igupdwfx_y D ; tvd kwltvd ky goGm;7i f

120

' kuQ tm;vH k ;cuf_y D ? 'gajumif ha':oef ;oef ; _ronf Ed k ; juGvmaom

7rufaZmud k twif;zdES dy fonf?

Ø acG;awG- -td k[if h- -acG;- -acG;awG- -aocsif;qd k ;e J h- -

td ktd k- -aoygap tm;[if h ×

qJqd koHwd k hr Smvnf; ododomomudktm;aysmhae_yD? 7rufv$rf;

oHrsm;t_zpfod k hyif a_ymif;vJp_yK_y D? olr>pdwfud ktwif;xdef;aeonfh

jum;uyi f rsufawmi fr sm ;ar S ;pi f ;usonf? ^Sm_yi f ;xe fvmonf?

aoG;om;awGu umrt7omudkvd kvm;wrf;wvmjuonf?

Ø tvdk;c Hcsi fvm_yDr[kwfvm; oef;oef;_r ×

cspfxl;u cyfwd k ;wd k ;ar;onf?

Ø [if htif;- -[if htif;- - ×

a':oef ;oef ; _r_ii f ;qefygao;onf? toHutm;r@S d ? _ii f ;oH

ESi f hyifrwlawmh?

Ø rnmygeJ h? eif htzkwfu<m;_yD; t7nfpd kaew<fr[kwfvm;×

Ø td ktd k- -r[kwfygbl;? r[kwfygbl;? tm; tarh[if h ×

121

cspfxl;u Ed k hoD;ud kcyfememav;zspf!Spfqdwfvd kuf7m a':oef;

oef;_r>yg;pyfrS a<mif<rf;_rnfwrf;oHay:xGufvmonf?

Ø [kwfygw<f- -rSefprf;? tzkwfuk dud ki fjunfh7atmif- - ×

Ø rudki fe J h- -rudki f- -td ktd k- -'kuQygyJ [if h[if h ×

a':oef;oef;_r_iif;qefaeonfhpum;rqH k ;r Dyif cspfxl;uapmuf

zkwfud kvSrf;I _zwfueJykwfvd kuf7m a':oef;oef;_raumhwufoGm;_yef

onf? tzkwfonfrd k hazgif;wufvmonf?

csp fxl ;u apmufywfud kwpfcsufomykwfonf? qufrud ki f ?

0r f ;y sO fom;aysm haysm ht dtdav;rsm;ud k tomyGwfonf? aumhaxmi f

wufaeaomE d k ho D ;ac gi f ;E Sp fc ku d kawm h wpfvSnf hp Du ke f ;Ip d k h ay;onf?

a':oef;oef; _rrSm wpfud k<fvH k ;y lxlz de f ;@ S de f ; _y D ; wvSKy fvS Ky fw@G@ G _zpf

vmonf?

Ø ig hvD;ud k ud ki fjunfhcsi fvm; ×

cspfxl;u Ed k hoD;rsm;uk d wvSnf hp Dp d k hay;ae7rS tomacgif;armh

122

um ar;onf? 0rf;ysOfom;ud ky Gwfaeaomolhvufud kvnf; atmufod k h

a@$ hvd kufonf? a':oef;oef;_r>aygifjum;rS apmufzkwfjuD;ud k tkyf

ud ki fum zdyGwfay;onf? a':oef;oef;_rzifjuD;wvSKyfvSKyf_zpfonf?

Ø [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rjunfhcsifygbl l ;? ×

a':oef;oef;_ronf toHwkefwke fE Si f ha_ym7if; rsufpdud kvnf;

pH kr S dwfonf?

Ø a[h- -_rif hjunf? txmquf_yxm;prf; ×

cspfxl;u_rif hjunfud kvSrf;a_ymum rdrdud k<fay:rSt0wfawGud k

cÈwfonf? _ri f h junfonfa':oef;oef ; _r>b<fbufwGi f cyfapmi f ;

apmi f ;0i ft dy fonf? c sp fx l ;v ky fc J hovd k a':oe f ;oe f ; _rud k E d k h p d k h |

tzkwfy Gwfvky fay;aeonf?

cspfxl;onfud k<fwH k ;vH k ;cÈwf_yDaemuf a':oef;oef;_r>rsufESm

nmbufab;em;wGif 'l;axmufcsonf?

Ø rsufaphzGi f hjunfhvd kufprf; ×

cspfxl;u avoHat;at;ESif ha_ymonf?

123

umraZmawGwufonfxufwufjuGaeaoma':oef;oef;_r onf

vD;ud kwrf;waeonf? renf;juD; csKyfwnf;ae7onf?

csp fxl;>pum;oHonf vD;ud kwrf ;waeaoma':oef;oef ; _r>

qêud k y d kap haqmfay;ovd k _zp fonf? cs Ky fwnf;xm;onf h jum;r Syi f

rsufvH k ;y Gi f hoGm;onf? vD;ud kjunfhrdonf?

csp fxl ;>vD;ud k _ri faomtcg a':oef ;oef ; _rrsufvH k ; _yL;us<f

0d ki f ;pufoGm;avawmhonf?

csp fxl ;>vD;onftawmfud k juD ;onf? a':oef ;oef ; _rt7om

awG haeaom ausmfausmfrif;>vD;xufyify d k juD;onf? vD;t@Snfonf

(10)vufravmufyif@ S donf? vH k ;ywfuawmh usyfvH k ;xufyifwkwf

onf? csp fxl;onftom;rnf;onf? ol hvD;uawmh yd kIyifrnf;euf

onf? tajumt7pfjuD;rsm;z kz kxpfxpf _zp faeonf? a':oef ;oef ; _r

junfhvd kufpOfr Smyif cspfxl;uvD;xdyfwGi fz H k ;tky faeaom ta7_ym;ud k

v Se fc svd ku f7m e D7 Jaom'p f juD ;t_y Jom;ay:vmonf? vD ;e H hp l ;p l ;u d k

vnf; @SLrdonf?

Ø td k- - ×

a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>yg ;py fr Sa<mi f<r f ;um nnf;o H _y Kr donf?

124

acgif;ud kvnf; nmbufod k htom<drf;vd kufonf? vD;juD;ud kr_rifEd li f

awmh? 'gayr<fh olr>pdwftm@k HxJwGif rnf;eufawmifrwfaeaom

vD;wefxGm;xGm;juD;u t_ywfud kxif[wfaeonf?

Ø 'DvD;juD;e J hei f hud kvd k ;ay;r<fav? b<fvd kvJ? tvd k ;c Hc si f

vm;- - ×

a':oef;oef; _rbmrSra_ym? tHud kwif;wif;judwfI yg;pyfud k

ap hap hy dwfxm;onf? jud K ;wkwfc Hxm;7onf hvufE Si f ha _caxmufwd k hu

awm h vS Ky f@ S m ;Iaejuonf? y g ;py fr Sx kw fra _ymao;aom fvnf ;

^SmjuGum tvdk;c Hcsi faeajumif;uawmh odomonf? cspfxl;onf

tomud k<fud ka@ S hod k hwd k ;onf? ol hvD;xdy fe Si f h a':oef;oef; _r>yg;_yi f

ud k xdrdatmifvkyfonf? a':oef;oef; _r7ifwke ftonf;at;oGm;7_yef

onf? c sp fx l ;onf a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>yg ; _yi fay:wGi fv D ;u d kuy fum

[d kxd k ;onfxk d ;vky fay;onf? a':oef ;oef ; _ronf rsufap hud ktwif;

r S dw fum yg ;py fu d kvnf ;wtm;y dw fxm;onf? xd k ;aeaomvD ;onf

ESKwfcrf;axmif hud k xdrdaxmufrdonf?

xd kaemufc sp fxl ;onftomxum a':oef ;oe f ; _r>ud k<fay:

tomwufcGonf? vD;ud kvufESi f hud ki fum apmufywf0wGiftomawh

onf? ususeexdr daxmufr datmi frvky f ? rxdwxdav;vky fonf?

tomuyfvd ku fc Gmvd ku fv ky fonf? vD ;" gw ftxdc H7onf hapmufywf

125

uawmh t7rf;udkEd k;juGazgif;wufvmonf? a':oef;oef;_ronf zifjuD;udk

a u m h au m h x d k ; wu fon f ? v D ; on f t z k w f E S i f h y d k x d r d on f ?

od k haomfcsp fxl;uyg;eyfp Gm_zif h zifa_ymifjuD;uk dtomqG Jwif7m vD;u

apmufywfESi f huGmoGm;_yefonf?

a':oef;oef;_r>yg;pyfxJrS qJqd koHawGrxGufawmh? w[if;

[if;toHawGom_rnfaeonf? cspfxl;uapmufywfud k Øaqmh× aecs de f

wGif _rif hjunfuEd k htH krsm;ud k Øupm;× aeonf? a':oef;oef;_rb<f

rSmv#ifaeEd li fawmhygrnfenf;?

c sp fxl ;uapmufacgi f ;0wGi f vD;ud kawhaxmufay;vd kufonf?

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ru wify g ; juD ;ud kaum hwi fonf? a_caxmufr sm ;ud k

jud K ;E Si f hwkwfqG Jxm;onfrd k h zifud kody f _ri f h _ri f hawmhjuGaumhrwifE d li f ?

7E d li for#omaumhvd kuf7av7m vD;'p fxdy fy d ki f ;w0ufomomavmuf

apmufacgif;xJwd k ;0ifoGm;onf?

Ø td k;- -[if h[if h ×

'pfxdyfzsm;wvufrcG Jomomavmufom rpd k hryd k hav;wd k;0if_cif;

_zpfaomfvnf; a':oef;oef;_rjuufoD;awGxum 7ifzd karmoGm;7onf

vD;juD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;0i fvmatmif zifjuD;aumhwifay;vd kufcsi fonf?

jud K ;w kwfxm;aomajumi f h p dw foGm ;wd ki f ;u d k< fry gE d l i f ? csp fx l ;u

126

tomav;xdef;um tenf;i<fzdcsay;7m vD;'pfjuD;wpfckvH k ;0ifonf?

Ø [if h[if h[if h ×

a':oef;oef;_rtoHxGufvm_yefonf? xd ktoHwd k honf oG<f

0d kufItvdk;c d ki f ;ae_cif;_zpfonf? 'gud kcspfxl;wk d hu odonf?

Ø eif hapmufzkwfxJ ig hvD;juD;xk d ;oGif;ay;7rvm; ×

csp fxl;u tyd ki fud ki fumar;onf? a':oef;oef; _rrSmt7rf;ud

tvd k ; c H c si f aeonf ? tz kw fx Jv D ;u d k aqmi f ho Gi f ;v d ku fapc si fonf ?

od k haomf rdr donf zgacgi f ;vlr d kuf>rk' de f ;usi f h _ci f ;c Hae7onfqd kaom

todpdwfav;tenf;i<fr#@ S daeao;7m yg;pyfr Stwdtvif;xkwfa_ymzd k h

awmh 0efav;aeao;onf?

Ø td k[if h[if h- -tif h[if h[if h ×

yg;pyfr Snnf;oHav;rsm;om_yKonf? wpfud k<fvH k ;wke f7ifaumh

ys Hwufonf? jud K ;wkwfomrcHxm;7v#i f csp fxl ;ud kwtm;od ki f ;zuf

um zifjuD;ud kaumhwifI vD;0ifatmifoGif;<lrSmaocsmonf?

csp fxl ;u0i faeaom'p fud k qG Jxkwf _ye foGi f ; _yLwpf _yLwpf

127

vkyfay;onf? a':oefoef;_ryd kI r@k d ;r@G_zpfvmonf? apmufacgif;0

onf yg;py fwpfc kvd kyi f csp fxl;>vD;'p fud k[yfI[yfIvSr f ;p ky f<lae

onf? csp fxl ;u q<cgr# _yLwpf _yLwpfvky fay; _y D ;aemuf zdIxk d ;

oGi f ;aqmif hc svd kuf7m vD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;tzkwfxJwd k ;0i foGm;avawmh

onf?

Ø atmifr<fav;av;- -aumif;vd kufwm [if haumif;vd kuf

wm- -0ifoGm;_yD- -tD;[D;[D;- - ×

apmu fac gi f ; ay gu fx J ju D ;rm ;w kw fc d k i f aomvD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;

tqH k ;wd k ;0i fvmrS K'^fud k em7aumif ;r Se f ;yi frodE d li fawmhatmif a':

oef;oef; _rr Sm umrt7om>zrf;pm;_ci f ;c H7um yg;pyfr Svnf; yGi f h

xGufvmonf? cspfxl;u oH k ;csufqif humaqmif honf? aqmif hcsuf

wd ki f ;onf a':oef;oef;_rud kt7omtxl;awG haponf? oH k;csufaqmif h

_y D ;aemufcspfxl;u 'pfom_rK ky fusefaeatmifxm;v#uf vD;ud k _yefxkwf

_yD; cyfuGuG_zif htom_idrfaevd kufonf?

t7omt7rf ;awG hum a':oe f ;oe f ; _rr Smawmhaumi f ;aumi f ;

tcufjuHKaeonf? zifjuD;ud kaumhwifum vD;ud ktzkwfxJ0ifatmif

vky fz d k h jud K ;pm;onf? wtif htif hnnf;oHawGvnf;_yKonf? 'gayr<f h

aqmif hvd k ;ay;7efawmh xkwfaz:ra_ym?

128

Ø olha_caxmufud kcsnfxm;wJ hjudK;awGud k _zKwfay;vd kufawmh×

c sp fxl ;ua_ymvd ku f7m _ri f h junfuvnf;vuf_re fa _c_re fyi f

a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>a_caxmufr sm ;ud kw kwfaE Smi fxm;7mr S jud K ;a _zay;

vd kufonf? judK;awG_yKwfoGm;onfESi f ha':oef;oef; _ronf csp fxl;>

wifyg;ud ka_caxmufeSpfacsmif;_zif h juufa_ccwfumcs dwfv#uf zifjuD;

ud ktay:od k haumhwifvd kufonf? xd ktcgvD;juD;onf wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;

apmufywfxJod k htqH k ;0ifoGm;onf? a':oef;oef;_ru xd kenf;twd ki f ;

qufIqufIvkyfonf? cspfxl;uvnf; tay:rSaeI zdzdaqmif hvd k ;

ay;onf?

pd k ;p d k ;r Sm a_ymif;vJoGm;aoma':oef;oef;_r>t_zpfawGud kjunfh

7if; tHjoaeonf? rsuf0g;xifxif_rif7onfud kyif r<Hkovdk@ S donf?

rnfok d hqd kap a':oef ;oef ; _ru ESmxefjuG@ Gumvky faqmifaer S Kr sm;

onf pd k ;p d k ;ud kvnf;7ifz k dvS Ky f@ Sm;aponf? csp fxl;wd k hua':oef;oef; _r

ud kE S dy fpuf@k dufESufjuwmawGud kjunfh _y D ; xdwfvef hajumuf@G H h7ifz d kc J h7

aomaumifrav;rSm <ckawmhpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;Ed k ;juG7ifzd kae7_yefonf?

c s p fx l ;on fa' :oe f ;oe f ; _ r>a _cusi f ; 0w fE S p f c ku d ku d k i fum

aygi f juD ;r sm;axmifv#uf aÕrmufwef ;v#uf tay:r Sz dIz dI7uf7uf

pufpufaqmif honf? vH k ;juD;aygufvS[JA D ;qd kufjuD; _zp faoma':oef;

oef; _ru xd kaqmif hcsuf_yif; _yif;awGud kr_z H K? zif00juD;ud kyifa0h0 d kuf

129

vSKy f@sm;ay;vd kufavao;onf? csp fxl;uq<fcsufwdwdtm;_yi f ; _yi f ;

aqmi f hvd k ; _y D ;aemuf ol hvD ;ud ka':oef ;oe f ; _r>apmufywfr SqwfueJ

qG Jxkwfum rsufESmab;em;od k h _zwfueJuyfoGm;onf?

Ø a7mh vD;pkyfprf;- - ×

cyfyd ki fy d ki fa_ymqd kapcd ki f ;onf?

w^SmaZmawGt7rf ;juGum t_ywf Øa[mh × aeav_y D _zp f

aoma':oef;oef; _ronf enf;enf;av;r#yi fwk H hqd ki f ;rae? acgi f ;ud ki J h

um yg;pyfud k[I csp fxl;>vD;juD;ud ktirf;r7yif pky fay;vd kufav

onf?

cspfxl;onf c^r#vD;tpkyfc H _y D;aemuf- -?

Ø awmf_yD- -av;bufukef;- - ×

a_ymqd kapcd ki f ;7if; a':oef;oef;_r>yg;pyfxJrSvD;acsmif;juD;ud k

q G Jx kw fon f ? a ' :oe f ;oe f ; _ ron f yu fvu ft d y f a e 7 mr Sxum

zi faxmi fuke f ;ay;avonf? olr>vufE Sp fbufr Sm c Hwifacgi f ;7i f ;

wGifjudK;_zif h qG JwkwfcHxm;7qJ_zpfonf? judK;wkwfcHxm;7aomvuf

ESpfbufud kjuufa_ccwf_yKum a':oef;oef;_ru ukef;ay;onf?

130

c sp fx l ;uawm h aum hwi f ay ;xm ;aomzi fq H k 00 ju D ;u d k c G! S y fum

apmufywfxJvD;ud kxd k ;oGif;I t_ywfaqmif hvd k ;onf?

Ø aqmif hyg- -aqmif hpr f ;yg- -aumif;w<f- - tm;yg;

a u m i f ; v d k u f w m aq m i f h a q m i f h - - ×

umrqdy fwufaeaoma':oef;oef ; _ronf rdr d>pdwfy d ki f ; _zwf

xm;csufrsm;ud kar hum csp fxl ;>tvd k ;taqmif hud k t@l ;trl ;yi fc Hae

avawmhonf? _rif h junfuvnf;0ifvm_yD? ol hud k<fay:@S dt0wfrsm;

ud kcÈwfypfvd kufonf? _rif hjunf>vD;u cspfxl;avmufawmhrjuD;yg?

ausm fausm fri f ;xufyi f ao;onf? (8)vufrce f h@ Sn f _y D ; usy fvH k ;

avmufwkwfonf?

Ø vD;pkyfrvm; aumifr ×

_rif hjunfua':oef;oef;_r>acgif;em;wGifxk di fcs_y D ;ar;onf?

Ø pkyfr<f- -pkyfr<f ×

a':oef;oef ; _ru tmomirf ;ir f ;yi fa_ymonf? a_ym_y D ;onf

E Si f h acgi f ;ud ki J humyg;py f[I _ri f h junf>vD;ud ki H kp ky fvd kufavonf?

_ri f h junfuvD;p ky fay;wmud kt7omc H7i f ; a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>vufE Sp f

131

bufud kjud K ;a_zay;onf? xd ktcga':oef;oef; _ronf _rif h junf>cg;

ud kzufum vD;ud kwtm;yifpkyfay;avawmhonf?

cspfxl;uvnf;zifjuD;uk drum wtm;ud kus H K ;vd k ;aeonf? vd k ;

aumif ;aumif ;E Si f htm;7yg;7aqmif hvd k ;vd kuf7m okwf7nfawGye f ;xGuf

u ke favawm honf ? a':oe f ;oe f ; _rr S mvnf ;c sp fx l ;>_yi f ;xe faom

aqmif hcsufrsm;ajumif h zDvifwufum wpfcs D _y D;wpfcs D Ø_yD;× aev#uf

_ri f h junf>vD ;ud ko J juD ;r J juD ;p ky fay;7m apmufywfxJod k hc sp fx l ;u

okwf7nfawGudkyef;xnfhay;vdkufonfESifhra@S;raESmif;rSmyif _rifhjunfvnf;

a ' : o e f ; o e f ; _ r y g ; p y f x J o k w f 7 n f a w G y e f ; x k w f a y ; v d k u f

avawmhonf? a':oef;oef;_rtzd k h yg;pyfxJrSma7m apmufywfxJrSm

y g okwf7nfawG _ynf hv# Ho Gm ;avawmhonf? yg ;py fx Jye f ;x kwfay;

aomokwf7nfrsm;ud k w~Gy f~ Gy faomufrs d Kc sovd k apmufywfuvnf;

cspfxl;>okwf7nfwd k hud k ppfueJppfueJpkyf<laeavonf?

a':oef ;oef ; _r>yg;py fE Si f hapmufywfwd k hud ky<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;

_y D ;onf haemuf cspfxl;E Si f h _rif hjunfwd k honftqifoif ha7cJp dr fxm;aom

Ø@Se f' D × bl;rsm;ud kazgufIaomufjuonf? @Se f' Dqd konfrSm bD<mESif h

tm;_ynf htcs d K7nfrsm;tcs d K ;usa7mpyfxm;_cif;_zpf_y D; 7DwDwDESi f htiftm;

rsm;_ynf h _z d K ;aponf? tarmvnf;a_y| qufvufIud ki f7OD;rnf haumif

rav;twGuf tm;vnf; _ynf hap7e f @ Se f' Dr sm;aomufoH k ; ju_ci f ; _zp f

onf?

132

zgacgi f ;vlr d kufE Sp fa<muf>tvd k ;ud k p dwfxxESi f hvd kvm;wyf

rufp Gmc H<lc J h _y D ;aoma':oef ;oe f ; _rr Sm c Hwifay:wGi far Smuf7ufom;

tdy fum id k@ S d Kufaerd@ Smonf? 7rufpdwfrsm;avsm husc J h _y Dr d k h apmapm

yd ki f ;u rdrdt@Sufuif;p Gm_yKrla_ymqd kr dc J hy H krsm;ud k _yefawG;rdwd ki f ; 7if

emaeavonf? rdrdrnfr#yiftcd ki ftrmqH k;_zwfumxm;ygap| aoG;om;

qêud krvGe fqe fE d li fI csp fx l ;wd k hx HvufaÕrmuftnH hc Hv d ku f7_y D _zp f

ajumif;ud kvnf; a':oef;oef;_ru ESvH k ;empGmod@S doGm;cJ honf? xdef;

rEd li fodr f ;r7awmhavmufatmifw^SmaZmuyfc J honf hr dr daoG;om;rsm;ud k

om a':oef;oef;_rrausreyfESi f ht_ypfqd kaerdonf?

@Se f' Daomuftarma_z_yD;onfhaemuf cspfxl;ESi f h _rif hjunfwd k hu

ty s d K rav;p d k ; p d k ;u d kw kw faE S mi fxm ;7mju d K ;u d k a _zay ;v d ku f juonf ?

twkwftaESmi fr SvGwfonfE Si f hp d k ;p d k ;yxrqH k ;vky fonfu uÈwfusae

aomxrDud k ure f ;uwef ;aumuf<l0wfqif _ci f ; _zp fonf? xd k h _yi f

csp fxl;wd k htEd li ftxufqG JcÈwfypfxm;aoma':oef;oef; _r>xrDud kvnf;

aumuf<lum cHwifay:@S da':oef;oef; _rxH oGm;ay;onf? a':oef;

oef; _ronfxrD7ifvsm;0wfvd kuf_y D ;aemuf pd k ;p d k ;ud kzufumid kavonf?

p d k ; p d k ;vnf ;i d konf ? z gac gi f ;v lr d ku fr s m ;>vufw Gi f a7mu fae7aom

rdef;rESpfa<muftzd k h id kajuG;7efuvGJvd k h bmrSrwwfEd li fjuawmh_yD?

c sp fx l ;E Si f h _ ri f h junfw d k hu p d k ;p d k ;xr Daumuuf0wfonfu d k

r[efhwm;? a':oef;oef;_rudkcs d K;ES drfZmwfoGif;Ed lif_yD_zpf7m pdk;pd k;udk Øudkif×

133

z d k h b m r S r cu f aw m hon fu d k o lw d k h tv d k v d k y i f o d a e juon f ?

_rif hjunfu toif hvky fxm;aom"gwfyH k (5)yH kud k<lum cHwif

em;od k hav#mufvSrf;oGm;onf?

Ø a[h- -aumifrav;? 'DyH kawGud k junfhprf;? aumifrjuD;

vnf;junfh- - ×

_rif h junfu pd k ;p d k ;vufok d h" gwfy H kr sm;ay;vd kufonf? a':oef;

oef; _ra7mpd k ;p d k ;yg "gwfy H krsm;ud kjunf hvd kufju7m 7ifwke fye f ;wke f _zpf

ukefv#uf csufcsif;yifatmufod k hypfcsvd kufjuonf?

Ø awmuf- -bmvkd hypfcsypf7wmvJ? eifwd k hud ka_ymp7m@S dvd k h

tjunfhcd ki f ;wm- -'DrSm aoaocsmcsmjunfhjuprf;- - ×

cspfxl;u 0ifa_ymonf? _yD;awmh"gwfyH krsm;ud kwpfyH kcsi f;<lum

_yonf? a':oef;oef;_rESi f hp d k ;p d k ;wd k hr Sm rsufESmyly l | @Suf@Sufajumuf

ajumufESi f hyi fjunf h7onf? "gwfy H kawGu t_ymyH kawG? a<mufsm;

E Si f hr de f ;rvd k ;aejuonf hy H kawGr[kwf? ac G ;juD ;E Si f hvlrav;wd k h>t_ym

yH kawG?

yxryH kw Gi f aumi frav;uacG ; juD ;>vD;ud ky g ;py f _zi f hp ky fay;

134

aeonf? 'kwd<yH kwGif av;bufukef;aeaomaumifrav;ud k acG;xD;

juD;uaemufrSc Gum apmufywfxJvD;juD;xk d ;oGif;vd k ;aeonf? aumif

rav;>rsufESmid krJ haeum judK;wkwfaESmifv#uf twif;csKyfudkifxm; onfh

vu f r s m ; y H k vn f ; y g on f ? au m i f r av ;u d k twi f ; t juy f y i f

acG;xD;juD;ESi f h"gwfyH kt@k dufcHap_cif;_zpfajumif; xif@Sm;onf?

wwd<ESi f hpwkwÔy H kawGuvnf; acG;vD;juD;ud kaumifrav;u

pky fay;aey H kE Si f h ac G ;xD ;juD ;vd k ;wmaumifrav;u av;bufaxmuf

7ufom;cHaeyH kwd k h _zpfonf? od k haomfaumifrav;rSm id k<d kv#ufr[kwf

awm h ? wkwfaE Smi fc s Ky fzr f ;xm;r S Kvnf ;r@ S d ? vd kv d kvm;vm;p ky fay; |

tvd k ;c Haeonf htoGi f _zp fonf? aemufqH k ;y H kuawmh apmufywfxJ

acG ;vD;juD;xk d ;oGi f ;xm;r S Kud k teD;uyf@ k dufxm;_ci f ; _zp fonf? acG;vD;

juD;tv<favmufwGi f zkz kxpfxpftvH k ;juD;wpfc k@ S daerS Kud kyi f xif

@Sm;pGmawGh_rifEd li fonf?

Ø tJ' Daumifrav;ud k twif;jud K ;wkwf_y D ;@ k dufxm;wJ hy H kawG

a7m| p dwft7r f ;xvmatmi faq;xd k ; _y D ; vd kv d kvm;vm;tvd k ;c Hwm

@ k dufxm;wJ hy H kawGa7m ei fwd k h junf h _y D ; _y Daem f ? tJ' Dac G ; juD ;emrnfu

atmifeuf wJh? vlrawGud kvd k ;z d k h aoaocsmcsmavhusif hay;xm;wm?

ei fw d k h ~ sp fue fue fv ky fae7i f tJ' D" gw fy H k aw Gx Ju aumi frav;vd k

atmifeufeJ hv$wfay;r<f? ×

135

"gwfyH krsm;ud k _y_yD;aemuf cspfxl;u_cdrf;acsmuf7m a':oef;oef;

_rESifhpd k;pd k;wdk hESpfa<muf t7rf;udkajumufvefhoGm;juavonf? cspfxl;wdk hudk

b<fvd krSrvSef7Jjuawmh?

Ø ajumufy gw<fO D ;av;ju D ;w d k h 7< f ? tJ' Dac G ; ju D ;e J h awm h

v$wfray;ygeJ h@ Si f- - ×

pd k ;p d k ;u id k<d kuma_ymonf?

Ø ~spfuefuefrvkyf7if v$wfray;bl;? uJa_ymprf; aumifr

av;? igwd k hvd k ;wm cHrvm;- - ×

ajumufvef hoGm;atmif_c dr f ;acsmuf_y D ;aemuf csp fxl;upd k ;p d k ;ud k

ar;onf? pd k ;p d k ;r SmwkefvSKyfaeonf? a_ym7cufaeonf? olronfacG;

juD;vd k ;wmud k vH k;0rcHcsif? xd kenf;wl cspfxl;od k hvufod k hvnf; olr

ud k<fud krtyfcsi f? 'gayr<fhta_ctaeuawmh cspfxl;wd k hud k _iif;qefI

7awmhrnfr[kwfwmud k odonf? csp fx l ;wd k hu d k us d K ;E G H7ayrnf?

'gayr<fhtysdKrav;qdkawmh vkd;wmcHyghrnf qdkaompum;udka_ym rxGuf-

- ?

Ø igar;wma_zav - -aumifrav; ×

136

Ø [kwf- -[kwf- -[kwfuJ h- - ×

Ø bm [kwfuJ hvJ- - ×

Ø [dk- -[dk'if;ud k [kwfuJ hvd k ha_ymwmyg- - ×

Ø igwk d hvd k ;wmud kc Hr<fvd k ha_ymcsifwmvm;? ×

pd k ;p d k ;r Smpdwfwif;um acgif;ndwfvd kuf7onf?

Ø igwd k hvd k ;wmcHyg hr<fvd k h @Si f;atmifa_ymprf;? ×

Ø [kwfuJ h@ Si f h- - ×

Ø [m 'Dvd kr[kwfbl;? OD;av;juD;wd k hvd k ;wmcHyg hr<fvd k h a_ym×

pd k ;p d k ;u wkH hqd ki f ;aeao;onf?

Ø a_ymqd ka_ymaemf? r[kwf7if atmifeufqDac:oGm;r<f? ×

Ø [dk- -[dk- -tJ OD;- -av;- -juD;wd k h- -vdk;- -vdk;

wmcHr<f- - ×

137

txpfxpftaig haig hE Si f h a_ymvd kuf7@Smonf?

Ø aumi f ;y D ?- -' Dv d kq d k t0wfc Èw f- -[d kaumi frjuD ;

atmufqif;? tJ'Dc Hwifay:rSm aumifrav;ud kvd k ;rvd k h ×

xrD7ifvsm;ESi f ha':oef;oef; _rcHwifatmufod k h acgi f ;av;iH k hum

qif;oGm;7onf?

Ø a0;a0;roGm;eJ h? cHwifem;rSmyJ7yfae ×

_ri f h junfua_ymaomajumif h a':oef ;oef ; _rc Hwifa_c7if ;em;

wGi fyi f acgi f ;i H kum7yfae7@Smonf? cHwifay:wGi fp d k ;p d k ;u apmapm

av;wGi fur S _ye faumuf0wfxm;aom xrDtygt0i ft0wftpm;r sm ;

ud k id kr J hr J hrsufE Smav;ESi f hcÈwfae7@Smonf? cspfxl;e Si f h _ri f h junfwd k hE Sp f

a<mufvH k ;t0wfawG_yefr0wfjuao;? cspfxl;uvD;rawmif hwawmif|

_ri f h junfvD;ucyfaysm haysm hta_ctaewGi f@ S donf? pd k ;p d k ;r SmonfvlE Sp f

a<mu f rn fo lur d r du d kv d k ; rn f en f ;[ k aw G ; jun h f a er don f ?

_rif hjunfqd kol_zpfygap[k qkawmif;aerdonf? 'guvnf;_rif hjunfu

vD;yd kao;aomajumif h _zpfonf? vD;ao;v#ifemjuifrS Ky d koufomrnf[k

uav;awG; awG;rd@Smonf?

Ø vm ighvD;pkyfay;prf; ×

138

cspfxl;uapcd ki f ;vmawmh pd k ;p d k ;r Smtawmfud kxdwfvef hoGm;onf

'gjuD;e J hvd k ;wmcH7awmhrSmygvm;[kvnf; ajumuftm;yd konf? od k haomf

uve ftqe f rv k y f 7 J @ S m ? c Hwi f a p m i f ;w G i fwi f y g ;v $ Jx d k i f a eo l

csp fxl;>ab;wGi f tom0yfcsum vD;juD;ud kuke f ;p ky fay;vd kuf7onf?

tys d Kpp fpp fav;pd k ;p d k ;r Sm vD;aumif;aumif;rp ky fwwfyg? yg;pyfud k[I

om vD;juD;ud ki H kxm;avonf? rvky fc si fy gy Je J hvky fae7onf htwGuf

r su f7nfr sm ;w Gi fw Gi fusum i d k@ S d Ku fae@ Smr donf? aumi frav;u

id k@ S d Kuf7if;ajumufvef hp GmvD;ud kyg;pyfE Si f hi H kxm;rS Kuyif csp fxl;tzd k hwpf

r s d K ;t7om_zp fonf ? rawmi f hwawmi f _zp f aeaomol hv D ; ju D ;onf

csufcsif;yifrmefxawmifrwfvm7m pd k ;p d k ;>yg;pyfxJwGif_ynf hodyfonf?

Ø vD;ud ki H k@ k HwifiH krxm;eJ hav? pkyfay;tkef;- -pkyfav ×

csp fxl;u aumifrav;vD;rpky fwwfr Se f ;odI enf;ay;vrf; _y

vkyfay;onf? pd k ;p d k ;vnf;r dr dud k<fr dr dtm;ay;um cspfxl;vD;ud kp ky fay;

7onf? pkyfonfESi f hvD;e H hE Si f ht7omudkxdawG h7um 7ifzd kvm7onf?

Ø @SmeJ hvD;xdyfyd ki f ;ud k7ufay;- -[kwf_yD- -pkyfvnf;pkyf- -

7ufvnf;7uf vkyf- - ×

xd ktcs de fwGi f _ri f h junfucHwifay:wufvmonf? aumifr

av;ud k zifud ki fE d k hprf;vkyfonf? apmufzkwfud ktkyfud ki fy Gwfay;onf?

139

tys d Krav;r Sm @Suf@ H G hajumufvef haeonf hjum;r Syi f 7ifawGwke fvm

onf? ylxlzde f;@ S de f ;vmonf?

Ø olhvD;ud kp ky fay;vd kuftkef; ×

c sp fx l ;uapc d k i f ;7m p d k ;p d k ;vnf ;y g ;py fx J@ S dv D ;u d kx kw fyp f _y D ;

_rif hjunf>vD;ud kvSrf;p ky f7onf? cspfxl;u pd k ;p d k ;>apmufywfud kvSrf;

7ufonf? tys d Kpifrav;>apmufzkwfu tysd Ke H hoif;ys H hae7m cspfxl;

u tm;7yg;77ufay;onf?

7ufay;7if;apmufacgif;aygufxJvuf!S d K ;xk d ;oGif;onf? vuf

!S d K ;tqHk;r@S dw@S davmufxd k ;oGif;r dcs de fwGif apmufacgif;ayguftwGif;

z H k ;v$rf;xm;aomtysd KtarS;yg;uk dxdawG hprf;rdonf? cspfxl;rSmoabmus

ovdk rausrcsrf;vnf;_zpfoGm;onf?

yguifydwftys d Kppfppfav;rSe f ;aocsmonfrd k h ØyguifzGi f htys d K7nf

zsufc× weif hwyd k ;7Ed li fum rdrdwd k htwGufvnf;a0pkqkaju;_rd K;_r d K ; _ruf

_rufcHpm;7rnfrd k h oabmusonf? yguifrzGi f h7avatmifvD;ud ktqH k;

wd ki fxk d ;roGi f ;y J Zmwf0if<Ofyg;oGm;atmifpwdoabmrs d K ;om vd k ;E d li f

rnfrd k h rausrcsrf;_zpf7onf?

apmu fyw fu d k pw doabmr s d K ;v d k ; 7rn fu d k axonf htae _zi f h

140

csp fx l ;up d k ;p d k ;u d kv D ;y d kIp ky fc d k i f ;onf? p d k ;p d k ;r S m zgac gi f ;v lr d ku fE Sp f

a<mu f>v D ; E S p f a c s m i f ;u d k wp fv Sn f h p D p k y f a y ; a e 7 avon f ?

tm;7atmifvD;p ky fc d ki f ; _y D ;aemuf pd k ;p d k ;ud kpwdvd k ;ay;7e f taetxm;

_yifc d ki f ;onf?

Ø ei f hud kvd k ;awmhr<f? ei futckr Sptvd k ;c Hr<f haumi frav;

qd kawmh @ k d ;@ k d ;we f ;we f ;y Jvd k ;r<f? yufvufvSe ft dy f _y D ; ' l ;axmi f

aygifum;xm; ×

onf;xdwf7ifz d k@ SufajumufpdwfvSKy f@ Sm;aeaomtys d Krav;pd k ;p d k ;

onf zgacgif;vlrd kufjuD;cspfxl;apcd ki f ;onfhtwdki f; aeay;7@Smonf?

<cktcgwGi fp d k ;p d k ;>pdwfonf trs d K ;r s d K ;tzH kz H kvS Ky f@ Sm;Iaeav

onf? csp fxl ;wd k h>vD;rsm;ud kp ky fay;c J h7_ci f ; | tud ki ftwG<fc H7_ci f ; |

tzkwf7ufcH7_cif;wd k hu pd k ;p d k ;>aoG;om;rsm;ud kE d k ;juGvSKyf@ Sm;aeaponf

7rufaZmxefaeonf? umrr S KE Si f hywfoufI tawG htjuH Kr@ S dao;

onfrd k h b<fvd krsm;_zpfrnfenf;[kawG;um ajumufaeonf? zgacgif;

v lr d ku f juD ;r sm ;vufwGi f r dr db0npfE Gr f ;c H7awm hrnf ht_zp fajumi f h

0r f ;enf ;<lus H K ;r7vnf; _zp faeonf? rsuf7nfawGusqif ;aeovd k

apmufywfrSmvnf; apmuf7nfjunfawG@$rf;p k daeonf?

r dr dud kb<foltys d K7nfzsufrnfenf;[k awG;aerS Kuvnf;@ S dae

141

onf? vD;E Sp facsmi f ;vH k ;p ky fay;c J h7_y D ; _zp f7m b<folwufvd k ;r SmvJ[k

tpOf;pm;7cufaeonf?

Ø igt7ifwufr<f? _yD;rSrif;uaz:vd kqufvd kufayg h ×

csp fxl;u_rif h junfud ka_ymonf? xd kpum;jum;7onf htwGuf

r dr dud kc sp fxl;ut7ifpcs_y D ; _rif h junfuvnf;aqmftke f ;rnf[k pd k ;p d k ;

em;vnfvdkufonf?

csp fxl;onf' l ;axmifaygi fum;v#uf yufvufuav;@S daeaom

pd k ;p d k ;>a_c7if ;aygi fjum;wGi f0i fI 'l ;axmufae7m<lonf? rdr d>iyJ

juD;ud k wHawG;rsm;qGwfonf?

Ø ei f hapmufywfud kvnf ; wHawG ;qGwfav aumi frav;?

'grSvD;xd k ;oGif;wJ htcg temenf;enf;yg;yg;oufomrSm ×

cspfxl;u cd ki f ;onf?

Ø [dk- -[dk- -uÈefr- -rqGwfwwfbl;@Si f h ×

Ø atm f- -at;- -ei futc kr S ptvd k ; c H 7r S mq d k awm h

wHawG;b<fqGwfwwfrvJ? rcufygbl ;? ei f hy g ;py fuwHawG;awGud k

142

vufacsmif ;awGe J h<lvm_yD; apmufywfrSmokwfvd kuf@ k Hygy J? uJ vkyf

junhfav- - ×

c sp fx l ;utys d Krav;ud k tvd k ;rc Hr Dw HawG ;q Gw fay;en f ;u d k

a _ymqd koif _yaeonf? pd k ;p d k ;r Smvnf;@ Suf@ SufajumufajumufE Si f hyi f

csp fxl;oifay;onfhenf;twd ki f ; rdrdapmufywfud k wHawG;qGwfvd kuf7

avonf? wHawG;qGwfvd kufI at;at;av;p d kovd k _zp foGm;r S Konf

pd k ;p d k ;ud ky d kI7ifcke f7rufaZmjuGaponf?

wHawG;qGwf_yD;aomtcg cspfxl;onfapmufywf0wGifol hvD;ud k

awhum axmufvd kufonf? xd k ;roGi f ;ao;y J apmufywfud kvD ;E Si f h

tomawhy Gwfaeonf? pwdoabmvd k ;7rnf hapmufywfr d k h _zp fonf h

enf;ESi f ht7omjuHzef<lae_cif;_zpfonf? apmufywfrd k hr d k hazgif;azgif;av;

> EkopfaomtxdtawGhonf vD;acsmif;juD;ud k aig hueJaig hueJ_zpf

aponf?

p d k ;p d k ;r S mvnf ;7i fx Jat;ue JaE G ;ue J _zp fonf? yg ;py fr Svnf ;

w[if h[if htoHav;rsm;ay:xGufum wifyg;vH k ;vH k ;usp fusp fav;onf

vSKy fcg<rf;Ivmonf? vufacsmi f ;rsm;u tdyf7mcif;ud kwif;juyfp Gm

qkyfud ki fqG Jaeonf? acgif;onf b<f<rf;vd kuf| nm<rf;vd kuf_zpfae

onf?

143

tcsuf(20)ce f hr # apmufywfud kv D ;E Si f h awhy Gw fay; _y D ;aemuf

cspfxl;u olhvD;acsmif;juD;ud ktzkwf0wGif ususeeawhonf? tzkwf

0wGi fawhaxmufcH7rS Kajumif h vD;xk d ;oGi f ;awmhrnfud k pd k ;p d k ;tvd kvd k

odonf? 7ifvnf;t7rf;ud kc ke fvmonf? tHav;ud kc Jum toufud k

vnf;atmif hxm;r donf? yxrqH k ;tjudr ftzkwfxJvD;toGi f ;c H7awmh

rnf htys d Krav; wqwfqwfwke f7i faeonf? csp fxl;uxyfIzdonf?

vD;xdy fz l ;onftzkwf0wGi f yd kIz dvmonf? tzkwfav;cs d Ki f h0i fonf?

_y D ; awm h apmu fyw f0 _y J[um vD ;u d kvr f ; a jumi f ;z G i f h ay ;onf ?

vD;'pfxdyfz l ;wd k ;0ifonf?

Ø td k- -[if h[if h- -0ifvm_yD? tm; uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf ×

vD;xdyfz l ;wd k ;0ifvmrS KE Si f htwl pd k ;p d k ;wpfud k<fvH k ;juufoD;zse f ;

z se f ;xum yg;pyfr Svnf;cyfwd k ;wd k ;toHav;ay:xGufonf? um;xm;

aomaygi fwe fE Sp fac smi f ;onf tajumqG Jovd kqwfue JwGe f hc gonf?

<cktcs de fwGi f a':oef;oef;_ronf cHwifa_c7if;jurf;_yifwGi f zifcs

um acgi f ;av;i H k hIxd ki faeonf? cHwifbufud kvnf;ausmay;xm;7m

cHwifay:wGif _zpfysufaeonfrsm;ud k rsufaphE Si f hr_rif7? od k haomfjum;

ae7aomtoHrsm;t7 pd k ;p d k ;wpfa<mufb<fvd kt_yKtrlrs d K ;c Hae7onf

ud k odaeavonf?

r dr d>ya7m~rui f ;ovd k @ S d aomajumi f h a' :oe f ;oe f ; _rr S m

144

pd k ;p d k ;twGuf tawmfud kp dwfraumif;_zpfaerdonf? rdrdutaz:ac:vm

rdaomajumif h pd k ;pd k ;rSmonfta_crs d K;od k htqpfygae7onf r[kwfyg vm;?

apmu fyw fx Jv D ;x d k ;o G i f ;v d ku fI p d k ; p d k ;>w D ;w d k ;nn f ;w G m ;o Hu d k

jum;7aomtcgwGifawmh aumifrav;awmhoGm;@Smav_yD[k a':oef;

oef;_r<lusH K ;r7_zpfrdonf? olrrsufESmud kvuf0g;_zif htkyfum 'l;acgif;

ay:rsufESmtyfcs_yD; 0rf;enf;pGmid kajuG;rdonf?

wpfcs de fwnf;r Smyi f pd k ;p d k ;tys d K7nfysufum tvd k ;c Hae7_y D[l

aomtodonf a':oef;oef; _r>aoG;om;rsm;ud kwenf;wzH kvS Ky f@ Sm;ap

onf? p d k ;p d k ;twGuf0r f ;enf ;E Sa _rmr donf hp dw fwGi f 7rufaZmwd k hu

a7m<Sufyg0ifaejuonf?

c sp fx l ;onft H ju D ;u d kc Jum vD ;u k d _zn f ; _zn f ;c si f ;c s d e fqum

xd k ;o Gi f ; ae7onf ? usO f ; juy faomtys d K E k E k av;>apmufyw ftxd

tawGhuawmh a_ymr_ywwfatmifud k t7omxl;aponf? pD;yd ki fwif;

juy faeonf? ' gayr<f htys d Ktar S ;y g ;p kw f _ywfroGm ;atmi fx de f ;um

vD;ud kxd k ;oGi f ;ae7onf htwGuf csp fxl;tzd k htawmfjuD;uoduatmuf

_zpfIaeaponf? vd k ;ItvGefaumif;aomapmufywfEkE kxGwfxGwfav;

rd k h vD;ud ktyDxd k ;oGif;csi fp dwfud k renf;ud kcs Ky fwnf;xm;7onf? t@S de f

v Ge fum tys d Ktar S ;y g ;ud kaz gufr do Gm ; _ci f ;r@ S datmi fvnf; txl;yi f

ow dxm ;ae7onf ? tomav; _zn f ; _ zn f ;c s i f ;omz d z dIo Gi f ; ae7m

pd k ;p d k ;tzd k hr Smvnf; emjuifr S Kody fr_yi f ;xefy J vD;wd k ;0i fvmrS K>7ifz d k

145

zdef;@ S de f ;z G<f7mt7omudk yd kIcHpm;7onf? aumifrav;w[if;[if;_zpf

aeonf? vl;vGe f haumhys Haeonf? zifjuD;ud kaumhaumhay;vmonf?

aumi frav;zi ftaum hw Gi fv D ;y d k 0i fum y gui fy Gi f ho Gm ;rn fp d k ; aom

ajumi f h csp fxl ;onfol hzi fa _ymi f juD ;ud k juGjuGwifae7onfuvnf;

w'kuQ_zpfonf? csp fxl;vky faeyH kuvnf; vD;t7omud kawG hodc Hpm;7

umpaumifrav;ud k p dwfy d kIr@k d ;r@ G _zp fatmif qGay;aeovd k _zp fae

onf? pd k ;p d k ;z Dvifwufonfxufwufvmonf?

Ø oGif;av OD;av;juD;7<f ×

aumi f rav;E S Kw f z s m ; r S r@ k d ; r@ G a _ymo Hav;u d k yi f w d k ;w d k ;

ay:xGufonf?

csp fxl;u yd kz Dvifwufovd k yd kIvnf;tae7cufonf? ol h

vD;juD;onf waig haig hvS Ky faeonf? csp fxl;>ezl;wGi f acÈ;pufacÈ;

aygufrsm;yi foD ;aeonf? vD;ud kxde f ;Itomzdxd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf _ye fonf?

'pfjuD;wpfckvH k ; apmufywfxJwd k ;0ifonf? tzkwf0onfyd kI_yJonf?

Ø tm; tm; emw<f emw<f ×

atmif hIemaomajumif h pd k ;p d k ;rsufESmav;@S H Kr J hum nnf;onf?

vD ;c Gxd k ;oGi f ;xm;aomcsp fxl ;>7ifbwfjuD;ud kvnf; vufuav;E Sp f

146

buf_zif h vSrf;wGe f ;onf? zifvnf;aumhray;awmhyJ _i dr foGm;onf?

xd ktcgcsp fxl;tzd k hc s de fq7vG<fulum vD;ud ky d kIz dcsonf? 'pfjuD;0i f

_yD;_y Dr d k h vD;vrf;ajumif;uvnf;yGi f haeovdk_zpfaeonf? vD;yd kIwd k;0if

onf? vD;xdy fz l ;onfapmufacgi f ;twGi f ;@ S dtys d KtarS;yg;ud koGm;xdr d7m

csp fxl;vnf; csufcsi f ;yi fvD;ud k _ye fIrwifxkwfvd kuf7onf? vD;wd k ;

t0i fw Gi f p d k ; p d k ; a7@ Gw fnnf ;w Gm ;onf ? vD ; _ye ftE S Kw fw Gi f awm h

aumifrav;w[if;[if;_zpfonf?

tys d KtarS;yg;ud kxdrdcs de fwGif vD;onf'pfatmufbufvufr0uf

omomavmufom wdk;0ifonfudkcspfxl;owd_yKrSwfom;xm;vd kuf onf?

'gajumifh'pfjuD;udkom _yLwpf_yLwpf_zpfatmifxdk;oGif; _yefxkwfvkyfonf?

b < f v u f _ z i f h a u m i f r a v ; > q D ; p y f t x u f y d k i f ;

0r f ;y sO fom;ud k tomzdxm;onf? atmufr St7r f ;umaumjuGwuf

rvmatmif xdef;xm;_cif;_zpfonf? b<fvufud kawmh aumifrav;

>b<fbufE d k ht H kay:wifum qky fe<fvd kuf | E d k ho D ;y GwfqG Jvd kufvky f

onf? aumifrav;zDvifyd kwufvmatmif zefwD;<lonf?

v D ;'p fomxd k ;o Gi f ; _ye fx kw fv ky fay ;aeaom fvnf ; <c kr SpI

apmufywfxJvD;0ifwmcHz l ;aompd k ;p d k ;tzd k hr Smawmh umrt7omawG hum

z Dvi fawGwufaeonf? xd kajumi f hq<fc su fq<f hi g ;c su fr #v ky fay;

t_yD;wGif aumifrav;_yD;vkvk_zpfvmonf? zDvifawGt7rf;wufvm

onf? xd ktcgxH k ;p Htwd ki f ; pd k ;p d k ;>wpfud k<fvH k ;wGe f hvde fI aumhys H

147

juGwufvmonf? csp fxl ;utay:r SvD ;ud kc s de fum xd k ;oGi f ; _ye fxkwf

vky faeaomvnf; pd k ;p d k ;>t7rf ;umaumaumhys Hzi fqH k juD ;juGwufr S K

ajumif h tcs de ftqawGvG Juke fawmhrwwf_zp f7m csp fxl;onfapmuf

ywfxJÕrKy foGi f ;xm;aomvD;'p fud kyi f uref ;uwef;qG Jxkwfyp fvd kuf7

onf? onftwdki f;qd kygu tysd KtarS;yg;aygufoGm;rnfpd k ;aomajumif h

yif?

csp fxl;onfapmufywfud kqufroH k ;awmh? pd k ;p d k ;>7ifbwfay:

od k hc Gr datmi fa@ S ho d k hw d k ;wufoGm;um pd k ;p d k ;>yg ;py fem;wGi f ol hvD ;ud k

tomxd k ;uyfay;vd kufonf? taxGtxl;a_ymqd kapc d ki f ;p7myifrvd ky g?

p d k ;p d k ;onfy g ;py fu d ktvd kv d k[um csp fx l ;>vD ; ju D ;u d k i H kv d ku fonf?

cspfxl;uvnf;zifa_ymifjuD;ud ka@S hod k hwd k ;wifI vD;juD;ud kxd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf

7m vD;acsmif;juD;onf pd k ;p d k ;yg;pyfxJwd k ;0ifonf? 'DaemufwGifawmh

csp fxl;onfapmufywfud kvd k ;onf htaetxm;rs d K ; _zi f h vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k

p d k ;p d k ;y g ;py fxJxd k ;oGi f ; _ye fxkwfcy foGufoGufcy f _re f _re fvky fay;avawmh

onf? wenf;tm;_zi f h pd k ;p d k ;>apmufywft_yifyg;pyfud kygvd k ; _ci f ; _zp f

onf?

_rif h junfuavnf;ab;xd ki fraeawmh? pd k ;p d k ;>aygi fjuD;E Sp fvH k ;

ud kqG J _z Jum apmufywfud kuke f ;I7ufay;pky fay;avawmhonf? yg;pyf

xJvD;xd k ;xnf hum apmufywfud kvd k ;ovd ktvd k ;c Hae7_y D ; apmufywf

ud kawmhuke f ;p ky f | @ Sm_zi f h7ufay;_ci f ;c H7avaomtcg tys d Krav;r Sm

148

b<fvd kr SraeEd li fawmhyJ wpfcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;avawmhonf? yxrqHk;

tjudrf Ø_yD;× 7rSKrS <dkpD;xGufusvmaomapmuf7nfjunfrsm;udk _rifhjunfu

tm ; 7 y g ; 7 y i f 7u f< l ao mu f r s d K c s on f ? a @ S h q i f h a e mu fq i f h

qd kovd kyif yg;pyfud kvd k ;aeaomcspfxl;>vD;r Svnf; okwf7nfrsm;yef;

xGufvmuke f juonf? p d k ;p d k ;onfyg ;py fxJye f ;xkwfay;aomokwf7nf

rsm;ud krs d Krcs? iH kIxm;onf? cspfxl;okwfv$wf_yD;IvD;ud kqG JxkwfoGm;

aomtc gw Gi f r S p d k ; p d k ;on fy g ;py fx Jw Gi f @ S d aeaomo kw f7n fr s m ;u d k

xG DueJaxG;xkwfypfvd kufonf? aomufrs d Krcsaomfvnf; okwf7nf>

!S DwDwDteH hE Si f hi Hus dus dt7omud kawmh aumifrav;aumif;aumif;od@ S d

oGm;c J h7onf? wpfcs D _y D ;c J h7Ivnf; aumifrav;a_cypfvufypf_zpfae

onf? E d k ; juGaeaomumrpdwfwd k havsm hy g ;usqif ;um @Sufajumuf

0rf;enf;rS Kwd k h _zpfay:vmonf? tys d Krav;w[if h[if hi d kajuG;aerdonf?

xd ktcs de fwGif_rif hjunfu wpcef;xvmonf?

_rif hjunfu pd k ;p d k ;>aygifjuD;rsm;ud kqG J _z Jum;vd kufonf?

Ø tm- -bmvkyftkef;rvd k hvJ [if- - ×

aygift_zJcH7aomtcg id kaeaompd k ;p d k ;vef hoGm;umar;onf?

Ø eif hud k vd k;rvd k hayg h[ ×

149

Ø [m- -r_yD;juao;bl;vm; @Sif ×

Ø igr Sei f hud krvd k ;7ao;wm? b<f_y D ;tke f ;r SmvJ? at;wpfc k

a_ymxm;r<f? atmufuae_idr f _i dr fc H? zifjuD;aumhwifwmwd k h vSKy f

wmwdk h rvkyfe J h ×

apmapmucspfxl;juHK7ovd k taecuf| txd ki fcuf| toGif ;

cuf | tvd k ;7cufonf ht_zp fr s d K ;rjuH K7avatmi f _ri f h junfua_ym

onf? p d k ;p d k ;r Smawmh bmajumi f h _ri f h junfonfvd ka _ymovJqd kwm

aocsmpGmrod? od k haomfcsp fxl;wufvd k ;pO ftcgwke f ;u rdr daumhys Hvl;

v Ge f hIaec J h7y H kr sm ;ud k _ye fowd7um tawmfud k@ Su fajumuf0r f ;enf ;

aeonf? xd kod k hxyfr Hr_zp f7atmif rdr dp dwfud ktwwfE d li fqH k ;xde f ;7e f

qH k ; _zwfxm;onf?

_rif hjunfonfpd k ;p d k ;tay:cGwuf_y D ;aemuf apmufywf0wGifvD;

awhum tomzdxd k ;onf? csp fxl ;>vD;juD ; _zi f h (tys d Kar S ;raygufap

onf hwd ki f )xd k ;oGi f ;vrf;z Gi f hxm;_y D ; _y Dr d k h _ri f h junf>vD;xd k ;oGi f ;7mwGi f

t0ifacsmonf? od k haomfwif ;wif ;juyfjuyfawmh@ S d7m 7rufp dwfu

vnf;twif htoi f havsm hy g ;aec s d e fr d k h p d k ;p d k ;r S mememjui f jui f _zp fum

p kwfoyfnnfn;aer d@ Smonf? _ri f h junfonftar S ;y g ;ud kv D ;xdy fE Si f h

xdr donftxdomcs de fqI xde f ;umvD;ud kxd k ;oGi f ;onf? tarS ;yg ;ud k

x dr daomtcg toGi f ;7y fonf? _y D ;awmh 0i faeor#aomtyd ki f ;ud k

150

xdk;oGif; _yefxkwfvSKy f@ Sm;onf?

wpfcs D Ø_yD;× cJ h _y D;arm[d kufaeaompd k ;p d k ;uvnf; atmufrSopf

wH k ;juD;vd k _i dr fae7m _rif hjunftzd k htcs de ftqrSefr Se f _zif hxk d ;oGif;_yefxkwf

vky fay;E d li fonf? vd k ; jurS K>obm0twd ki f ; p d k ;p d k ;>apmufywfxJr S

t7nfjunfrsm;p d k@ G Jatmi fxGufonf? xd k h _yi fp d k ;p d k ;r Smtoufi<fi<f|

aoG;om;vnf;ql _z d K ;ol _zp f7m apmufywfxJvD ;juD ;xk d ;oGi f ; _ye fxkwf

vkyfaerS Kajumif h pdwfvSKy f@ Sm;vmonf? xdef;odrf;rnf[kqH k ; _zwfxm;

ayr<fh vufawG hr Smawmhr7? 7rufaZmxefvmonfESi f h olr>wpf

ud k<fvH k ;onf vl;vGef hvSKyf@ Sm;p_yKvmonf?

_rih f junfonfvnf; zDvify d kwufvmonfrd k h y d kIoGufoGuf

vSKy f@ Sm;onf? aqmif hvd k ; _cif ;r_yKy Jxde f ;umoGif ;xkwfvSKy f@ Sm;ay;onfh

wd ki f vD;t0iftxGufvSKyf@ Sm;aeonfrd k h pd k ;p d k ;vnf;t7omcHpm;7onf?

_rif hjunftzd k hvnf;ZdrfawG hum pdwfxefvmonf? pd k ;p d k ;unnf;oHav;

r s m ; _ y Kum v l ;v G e f hvmon f ? zi f ju D ;vn f ;v S K y f @ S m ;vmon f ?

rodromaumhaumhyif hay;vmonf? _rif hjunfrSmvnf; zDvify d kwuf

vmonf? okwfv$wfz d k hqd kv#i f cyf _re f _re fcy fjurf;jurf;vd k ;aqmif hr S

_zpfrnf? cs de fqum rSefr Se fvkyfaevd k hr_zpf? tarS;yg;aygufroGm;atmif

x de f ;7rnf hta7;uvnf ;@ S d ae _ye f7m _ri f h junfp dw fu l ;wp fr s d K ;7 _y D ;

p d k ;p d k ;>apmufywfxJrS ol hvD;ud kqG Jxkwfvd kufonf? t7omawGhv#uf

umrqdyfwufaecs de fwGi f vD;xkwfoGm;aomajumif h pd k ;p d k ;r Smrcsi f hr7J

151

_zpfum wtif htif hnnf;oHav;rsm;_yKum aygi fjuD;awGauG;csnfqef h

csnf_zpfaeonf?

Ø vm- -ig hud k~ Gi f;wd kufay;prf; ×

tys d Krav;>vufE kE kav;_zi f h~ Gi f ;w d ku fay;wmud kz Dvi f<l7i f ;

o kw f7nfye f ;x kw fz d k h p dw fu l ;@ S d aom_ri f h junfua_ymonf? p d k ;p d k ;r S m

~ Gi f ;wd kufay;wmud k em;rvnf? 'gajumif h _ri f h junfud k rsufvH k ;juD;

_yL;Ijunfhaeonf?

Ø bmjunfhwmvJ? ~Gif;wd kufay;zd k ha_ymwmrjum;bl;vm;? ×

_ri f h junfucy fqwfqwfa[mufawm h aumi frav;uvef h

onf?

Ø [dk- -[dk- -uÈefr- -rvkyfwwfbl;@Si f h ×

Ø atmf- -[kwfom;y J? eifutys d Kav;qd kawmh ~Gi f ;b<f

wd kufwwfr SmvJ? vm ig _yay;r<f? ig hvD ;ud kei f hvufacsmi f ;awGe J h

q ky f ? t7r f ;rvky fe J h ? rwif ;wwif ;av;? [kwf _y D ? ei f hvufud k

txufatmu fv S K y f ay ; ? cy fo Gu fo Gu f av; ? [ kw f _ y D - -t J' g

~Gi f;wd kufwmyJ? qufvkyf- -qufvkyf- - ×

152

_rif hjunfupd k ;p d k ;ud krnfok d hrnfyH k~ Gi f;wd kuf7rnf[ka_ymqdkoif

_yay;onf? onftvky fonfody fvnf ;cufonfr[kwfaomajumi f h

p d k ;p d k ;csufcsi f;yifwwfoGm;onf? _rif hjunf>vD;ud knmbufvufacsmif;

rsm;_zif hqky fud ki fum ~Gi f ;wd kufay;ae7avonf? tpwGif@ Sufovd kvd k

@ G H hovd kvd k _zpfonf? twif;c d ki f ;aomajumif homvkyfae7onf? aemuf

y d ki f ;w Gi fawm h vufacsmi f ;xJwGi fwei f hwy d k ;@ S daomvD ;ac smi f ; juD ;ud k

ud k<fawG hy Gwfwd kuf7onfuk dyi f z Dvifwufvmonf? umrt7om

cHpm;vm7onf? 'gajumif hcy foGufoGufcyfjurf;jurf;~ Gi f ;xkay;onf?

_ri f h junfonf~ Gi f ;wd ku fc H7i f ; p d k ;p d k ;>7i fom;awGud kaqmi f hqG Jonf?

apmufywfud kvnf;E S d Ku fumy Gwfao;onf? apmufacgi f ;xJvufrxd k ;

xnf hum uvdonf? onfawmhaumifrav;vJ 7rufaZmxefvm

onf? ~Gi f ;wd kufy d k jurf ;vmonf? aemufqH k ;p d k ;p d k ;>~ Gi f ;wd kufay;r S K

a jumi f h _ri f h junf>vD ;ac smi f ;x dy fr So kw f7nfr sm ;ye f ;x Gu fvmav

awmhonf? yef ;xGufvmaomokwf7nfrsm;onf pd k ;p d k ;>Ad kufay:E Si f h

qD;pyfw0d kuf_yef hE S H husa7mufoGm;onf?

onfaemufwGi fawm h a':oe f ;oe f ; _rE Si f hp k d ;p d k ;w d k hE Sp fa<muf

Zmw fo Gi f ; r S Ku d k pce fo dr f ;on f ? ac s mi f ; junf h ae juaomo lr s m ;

tv# d Kv# d K _ye fuke fjuonf? csp fxl;E Si f h _ri f h junfwd k honf t0wftpm;

rsm; _ye f0wfonf? topfuav;ESp fa<mufud kt0wfawG0wfc d ki f ;onf?

p d k ;p d k ;r Sm xrD | b7mpD<mESi f htay:tuô swd k hu d k0wfonf? twGi f ;c H

abmif;bDr@S donfuvG JI tawmfav;_ynf hp H konf? a':oef;oef; _rrSm

153

awmh ZmabmfvDESi f htwGif;c Hpuyfupkwf_yJae_yDr d k h twGif;c Habmif;bD

xrDE Si f htay:tuôswd k hud kom0wf7onf? ydwfpuyfE Si f htwGi f ;c Habmif ;

bDcH0wfaeola':oef;oef;_rrSm tawmfav;tae7cufaeonf? tay:

yd ki f ;uawmh abmfvDrygI t7rf;ud k@ Sufp7m_zpfaeonf? 'gayr<f h

@ S daeonf ht0wftpm;rsm;E Si f htwwfE d li fqH k ;vH k _c H Katmifjud k ;pm;z H k ;z dae7

@Smonf? cspfxl;ESi f h _rif hjunfwd k hu olwd k hatmif_rifp GmZmwfoGif;E d li fc J h

_y D _zp faomtopfuav;E Sp fa<mufud k olwd k hq7mud kbwifqDod k hac:

oGm;avonf?

ud kbwifonftdr fr JjuD;>atmufxyfr S om;em;us<f0ef;aom

tce f ;xJ@ S dc Hwi f juD ;ay:wGi fv Javsmi f ;aeonf? ol hab;em;wGi fo l>

vufpJ Gausm fvlr d kufwpfO D ; _zp fonf hausm fat;qd kolu cke fwpfc kE Si f hxd ki f

aeonf? olem _y Koabmrs d K ;v ky fu k d i f ay ;z d k h oi f ;oi f ;ri f ;q d konf h

Zdr fr<f_zpfump aumifrav;wpfa<mufvnf;@S donf?

Ø tckE Sp fcsufawmifrxd k ;ao;bl;? ig hvlawGtcs de fwd kwd ke J hudp P

_y D;atmifvkyfEd li fc J hjuwmudk; ×

154

a':oef ;oe f ; _rE Si f hp d k ;p d k ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufZmwf0i fus d K ;E G Ho Gm;ju_y D

_zpfajumif; csp fxl;utpD7ifc Haomtcg ud kbwifuvufywfem7Dud k

junfh_y D; cs D ;r Gr f;onf?

Ø [dkaumifrav; pd k ;p d k ;- -ig hem;ud kvmprf; ×

c sp fxl ;wd k hu d kc s D ;r Gr f ;pum;a_ym_y D ;aemuf ud kbwifupd k ;p d k ;u d k

v Sr f ;ac:onf? p k d ;p d k ;uud kbwi fu d ktve f hwjum;yi f junf hr donf ?

tem;od k hr l roGm;7J? ajumufaeonf?

Ø ac:aewmrjum;bl;vm;? vmprf;qd k ×

ud kbwifu cyfaigufaigufa_ymonf?

Ø oGm;av- -aumifr ×

cspfxl;u avoHrmrmESif ha_ymum pd k;pd k ;ud kwGef;xkwfvd kuf onf?

p d k ; p d k ; r a e o m a w m h ? a j u m u f a j u m u f v e f h v e f h E S i f h y i f

z g ac g i f ; ju D ;u d kbwi fv J av smi f ; aeaomc Hwi f @ S d 7 mo d k h w G e f hq kw f

wGe f hqkwfE Si f hav#mufvSr f ;oGm;7@Smonf? cHwifab;em;wGi fxd ki faeju

155

aom ausm fat;E Si f hoif ;oif ;ri f ;wd k huvnf; rsufvH k ;wpfcsufa0hum

junfhonf?

c Hwi fem ;o d k h a7mufvmaomp d k ;p d k ;>nmvufud k ud kbwi fu

tomqG J< lum ay gi f jum;ay:o d k hwi fay ;v d ku fonf? ud kbwi f>

dud k<fatmufyd ki f ;wGi f tnmapmifav;v$rf ;xm;onf? apmifay:vuf

wif7_ci f ; _zp faomfvnf; apmi fatmufwGi fxd k ;xk d ;axmifaxmif _zp fae

aomvD;acsmif;juD;ud kawmh pd k ;p d k ;>vufz0g;EkE kav;rsm;u xdrdonf?

vD;acsmi f ;juD;awmifaeajumif ;ud k p d k ;p d k ;em;vnfvd kufonf? aumif

rav;rsufESm 7JueJ_zpfonf?

Ø eif huk d _rifwmeJ h ig hvD;awmifvm_yD? igutckavmavmq<f

tdyf7mxJvJaewmqdkawmh eif hud kvd k ;csi fayr<fh rvd k;E d li fbl;? 'Dawmh

wpfrs d K ;vkyfjur<f [kwfvm;- - ×

pd k ;p d k ;onfud kbwif>pum;ud kem;axmif7if; ausmxJupdrf hvm

onf?

Ø apmifud kz<fvd kuf- - ×

p d k ;p d k ;onfwke f7i faomvufav;rsm; _zi f h ud kbwif>apmi fud k

tomz<fvd kuf7onf? ud kbwifonfucsi fy kqd k ;tpdr f ;uGuf0wfxm;

156

onf? atmufc Habmif ;bD0wfxm;[efr@ S d ? aygi fc G jum;ae7m@S dy kqd k ;

onf xkd;xk d ;axmifaxmif_zpfaeonf?

Ø ykqd k ;a_zcs_yD; ig hud k~ Gi f;wd kufay;prf; ×

ud kbwifu pd k ;p d k ;ud kapcd ki f ;onf?

onfvd ktvkyfrs d K ;p d k ;p d k ;rvkyfcsi f? 'gayr<fh_iif;qefEd li frnf hta_c

taer[kwfajumif ;odonf htwGuf pd k ;p d k ;c _rmrvky fc si fy JE Si f hvky f7@ Sm

onf? ud kbwif>cg;wGi fcy favsm havsm hpnf;xm;aomykqd k ;ud ka _zum

tomqG Jc sonf? ykqd k ;av#musoGm;aomtcg rwfawmifaeaomvD;

acsmi f ; juD ;ay:vmonf? ud kbwif>vD;juD ;onf (10)vufrausm f

@Snfum bdvyf7nfzifykvif;0d ki f ;avmufud k tvHk;wkwfonf? vD;'pf

_y Je D7 JjuD;onf vD;xdy fta7_ym;ud kxd k ;azgufxGufawmhrwwfzkxpfae

onf?

Ø ta7_ym;ud kt7ifqG Jcs_yD; 'pfaz:vk duf? _yD;rS~ Gi f;wd kuf- -×

p d k ;p d k ;~ Gi f ;wd kufr S Kody fruÈr f ;usi fao;y J@ S dE d li fajumif ;awG;r daom

udkbwifu a_ymonf?

pd k ;p d k ;onfpdwfud kwif;7if; vD;ud knmvuf_zif hud ki f7onf?

157

_y D ;awmh ta7_ym;ud ktomqG JvSe fcsonf? ta7_ym;vefusoGm;aom

tcg 'pfzl;juD;_yJtmay:vmonf? !S DwDwDteH huvnf; cyfpl;p l;xGuf

vmonf? pd k ;p d k ;r Sm7ifxJys d K hcsi fp dwfyifay:vmonf? pd k ;p d k ;uvD;wefvH k ;

ywfud kE l ;nH haomvufacsmif;rsm;_zif h rcsif hr7Jqkyfud ki fum tomvSKyf

@ Sm;y GwfoyfI~Gi f ;wd kufay;7avonf? vD;xdyfzsm;wGi ft7nfjunfav;

rsm;p d kvm7m rjumrDyi f~ Gi f ;wd kufay;aompd k ;p d k ;>vuf0g ;onf pd kp dp d

_zpfIvmonf?

Ø rqd k ;bl;- -rqd k ;bl;? eifutoufi<fi<fav;@S dao;ay

r<fh ~Gif;wd kufay;wwfom;yJ? ×

~ G i f ;w d ku fay ;r S Ku d k z Dvi f< laeaom ud kbwi fua_ymonf ?

ud kbwif>cs D;r Gr f;pum;rSm pd k ;p d k ;tzd k hatmhESvH k ;emp7m_zpfonf?

Ø use fwJ hei f hvufwpfbufe J h a~ G ;OawGud kqky fud ki f _y D ;aqmh

ayprf; ×

zDvifyd k7atmif ud kbwifuapcd ki f ; _yefonf?

p d k ;p d k ;c_rmrSmvnf; cd ki f ;onf htwd ki f ;vky f7onf? a~G;Orsm;ud k

qkyfud ki fum yGwfoyfay;ae7onf? a~G;OwGifaygufaeaomtar$;vde f

aumufaumufrsm;u pd k ;p d k ;>vuf0g ;ud kx dr dum <m;us dus d _zp fap

158

onf?

Ø wd kufprf;- -cyf_yif;_yifav;~Gif;wd kufayprf;- - ×

c^tjumwGi f ud kbwifuavmaqmfvmonf? xd kajumif h

p d k ;p d k ;onfcyf _re f _re fcy foGufoGuf~ Gi f ;wd kufvS Ky f@ Sm;ay7onf? vD;juD;

onf olrvuf0g;ud kt_ywfyGwfwd kufaeonf? udkbwif>yg;pyf[vm

onf? touf@SLvnf;_yif;vmonf?

Ø at;- -[kwf_yD- -[kwf_yD- -igxGufawmhr<f- - ×

ud kbwiftHjudwfum a_ymonf?

xd kaemuf- - -

Ø eif hyg;pyfud koH k ;awmh- - ×

p d k ;p d k ;tjuD;tus<fxdwfvef hwke fvS Ky foGm;onf? ud kbwifu

okwfv$wfvke D ;aomtcs de fw Gi f ol hv D ;u d ky g ;py fE Si f hp ky fc d k i f ;aey gvm;?

olr>yg;pyfxJwGif okwf7nfawGyef;xkwfayawmhrnf? okwf7nfrsm;

ud k rs d Kcsc d ki f ;tke f;r Smvm;?

159

pd k ;p d k ;r Sm wk H hqd ki f ;aeonf? vD;pkyfay;7rSmud kaemufwGef haeonf

yifud k<fp dwf@ S dum 7rufaZmvnf;ody frxjuGao;onfr d k h p d k ;p d k ;tzd k h

ud kbwifcd ki f ;ovdkvkyf7ef cufaeonf?

Ø w<f- -'Daumifr- - ×

ud kbwif>judr f ;armif ;oHay:vmonf? _y D ;awmhp d k ;p d k ;>qHyif

rsm;ud kqG Jum acgif;ud kol hvD;qDod k hE S dr f hcsvd kufonf?

tEd li ftxufvky fvm_y D? pd k ;p d k ;r_ii f ;0 H h ? yg;pyfav;vnf;tvd k

v d k y G i f ho G m ;onf ? vD ;em ;o d k h p d k ; p d k ; r su fE S mx d k ; a7mu f@ S do G m ;c s d e fw Gi f

ud kbwif>vD;xdy fr So kwf7nfawGye f ;xGufonf? yxrqH k ;ye f ;xGuf

aomokwf7nfwd k honf pd k ;p d k ;>yg;_yifay:od k husuke fonf? onfaemuf

awmh pd k ;p d k ;>yg;pyfu vD;ud ki H kr donf? qufv$wfaomokwf7nfwd k h

yg;pyfxJod k ha7mufonf?

Ø rs d Kcsprf;- -ig hv7nfawGud krs d Kcs- -wpfpufrSrusefapeJ h ×

ud kbwif>rmrmxefxefa_ymoHonf pd k ;p d k ;ud k judr fwd k humcd ki f ;

ovd k _zpfonf? pd k ;p d k ;onfolryg;pyfxJyef;xkwfay;aomokwf7nfrsm;ud k

@ G H @ G H @ S m@ S mE S i f h yi f aomufr s d Kv d ku f7avawm honf ? okw f7n faw Gu

tawmfrsm;onf? av;ig;a_cmufvkyfavmufud k ~GyfueJ~Gy fueJrs d Kcsae

160

7onf? !S Dp d kp d k | iHus dus dyspfcÈ JcÈ JE Si f h?

Ø aumif;uGm- -eifu~Gi f ;wd kufwwfovd k | vD;p ky fwmaum

v7nfrs d Kc swma7m tawmfuÈrf ;wmud k ;?- -zDvifwu<f7w<fuG?

wufvd k;7wJ htwdki f;y J [J[J[J- - ×

ud kbwifauseyftm;7pGm7<farma_ymqd konf?

p d k ;p d k ;r Smr l a<mufsm;okwf7nfud kaomufrs d Kc svd kuf7rS Kajumif h

7i femonf? @G H@ Smonf? <lus H K ;r7_zpfonf? rsuf7nfav;awG7pf0 J

vmonf?

Ø ig hvD;ud kxyfpkyfay;vd kufprf;ygtkef;? ×

ud kbwifu apcd ki f ; _yefonf?

p d k ; p d k ;onfo lr>yg ;py fx Jw Gi f@ S d aeaom okw fv $w f _y D ;ump

rawmif hwawmif | raysm hwaysm h _zp faeaomvD;ud kqufIpky fay;7_ye f

onf? vD;xdy fr Sokwf7nfwpfpufE Sp fpufce f hqufIxGuf7m pd k ;p d k ;r Sm

xd kokwf7nfwd k hud k aomufrs d Kcs7_yefonf?

Ø 'Daumifrav;rqd k ;ygbl;? aumif;aumif;tvkyf_zpfE d li fw<f

161

udkif;- -z<fawmh- - ×

aemufqH k ;wGi f ud kbwifausey ftm;7p Gma_ymonf? xd ktcg

wGi fr Sp d k ;p d k ;c_rm ud kbwif>rawmif hwawmifvD;wefjuD;ud ky g ;py fxJr S

qG Jxkwfay;E d li favawmhonf? yg; _yi fay:wGi fayuse faeaomokwf7nf

r sm ;ajumi f h ap;uy fuy fE Si f htae7cufaeonf? od k h aom fu d kbwi f

jud Kufr Se f ;rjud Kufr Se f ;rodaomajumif h pd k ;p d k ;c_rm yg; _yi fE kE kav;ay:

wGi fayaeonf hokwf7nfrsm;ud krokwf7J? id kr J hr J hr sufE Smav;ESi f hajumuf

@G H hp Gm7yfae7@Smonf?

Ø rif;wd k h' DaumifrawGud k zifa7mcs_yD;ju_yDvm; ×

ud kbwifu cspfxl;ESi f h _rif hjunfwd k hud kar;vd kuf_yefonf?

Ø [if htif; zifawmhraqmf7ao;bl; q7mjuD; ×

cspfxl;u _yefa_zonf?

Ø rif;wd k hw<fnH hygvm;uG? taygufpH katmifvkyfrSayg h? uJa[h-

-a _ymae jumw<f ? [ d k aumi f r ju D ;u d k tc k y J z i f c s pr f ;u G m ×

bwi f>tr d e f h a y ;o H r S m tr s d K ;or D ; E S p f a<mu ftw Gu f

162

tr~FvmoHjuD ; _zp fonf? a':oe f ;oe f ; _rr Smajumufve f hwjum;yi f

csp fxl;ud kjunfhvd kufrd@ Smonf? cspfxl;uawmh_yK H ; _z D ; _z D ;juD;? olonf

zi fv d k ;7wm y d k0 goemy gonf? txl ;o_zi f h a':oe f ;oe f ; _rvd k

aw m i f h aw m i f h w i f ;w i f ; a 7 aq ; i g ; ju D ;u d k z i f c s c s i f a eon f ?

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ruvnf; zi fqH k00juD ;r[kwfy gvm;? tcs de fr7aom

ajumif h yef;ajuGtdy fcef ;xJwGi f zifraqmf_zpfc J h ? <ckawmhol hq7m

bwifud k<fwd ki fu trde f hay;ae_y Dr d k h tcs de f jumcsi f jumayapawmh?

tajumif;r[kwfawmh?

Ø a[haumifrjuD;- -zifvSef_yD;av;bufukef;vd kufprf;- - ×

csp fxl ;>apcd ki f ;oHajumif h a':oef ;oef ; _rwke fvS Ky foGm;onf?

zi fvd k ;c H7z d k htwGuf xrDvSe fumav;bufuke f ;ay;7r SmwJ h ? a':oef ;

oef;_rwH k hqd ki f ;wH k hqd ki f ; _zpfae7m cspfxl;u yg;ydwf@k dufypfonf?

Ø a[h- -a_ymaewmrjum;bl;vm;? bm~spfuefuefvkyfae

wmvJ? vSefprf; ukef;prf; ×

a':oef;oef;_rc_rm wHk hqd ki f ;rae7Jawmh? xrDvSefum cHwif

ab;em;jurf;_yifay:wGi fav;bufaxmufum ukef ;ay;vd kuf7@Smonf?

xd k h _yif twGif;c Habmif;bDud kvnf; atmufod k hqG Jcsay;xm;vd kuf7 onf?

on fv d kv k y f a y ; 7wmu d k a ' :oe f ;oe f ; _ rqu f p k y f r k e f ;w D ;v S y g

163

onf? od k haomfwpfcs de fwnf;rSmyif olr>tm@k Hajumrsm;wGif7rufaZm

u aiG hai G hav;<Sufoef;vmonf? csp fxl;>vD;juD;_zi f hapmufywfud k

vd k ;pOfu todpdwfaysmufum r@SufEd li frajumufEd li f | âa_êrqnf

Ed li fy J umrqdyftwufjuD;wufum avmuDt7omcHpm;cJ h7_yD;_yD?

<c kx d kv D ; ju D ; E S i f h z i fv d k ;v # i f r d r db< fo d k h @ S d rn f en f ; ?

apmufywftvd k ;c H7wke f ;uvd k wrd kufr d kufE Si f h7rufaZmawGjuGvmrnf

vm;? xd k h _yi fa':oef;oef; _ronf olrud kausm fausm fri f ;zi fvd k ;c J honf

ud k _yefowd7aeao;onf?

ausm fausm fri f ;zi fvd k ;wmcHc J h7pO fu yxryd ki f ;wGi frc Hr7yfE d li f

atmifemjuifvSaomfvnf; zifxJod k hvD;wpfacsmi f ;vH k ;0i f _y D ; cyf _yi f ;

_yif;aqmif hvd k ;aomtcgwGifawmh emwmt_yif xl;_cm;rufarmzG<f7m

aumif;vSonf humrpnf;p dr ft7omxl;ud k cHpm;c J h7yH kud k _ri fawG;r dawmh

av;bufuke f ;ay;xm;7aomausmi f ;q7mrjuD ;r Sm _z d K ;ue J _ze f ;ue J

juufoD;awGxvmonf?

Ø eif hzift0rSmwHawG;qGwfay;prf; aumifr ×

c sp fx l ;uy kq d k ;c Èw fc s _y D ; a _ymonf? ol hv D ;ac smi f ; ju D ;onf

rwfawmifvd k haeav_yD?

164

a':oe f ;oe f ; _ruvefuqefrvky f7 Jy g ? csp fx l ;c d k i f ;wmvky f7

onf? nmvufacsmi f ;r sm; _zi f hwHawG;ud k<lum ptk d0wGi fokwfvdr f ;

um wHawG;qGwfay;vd kuf7onf? zi fvd k ;c Hz d k htwGuf rdr dzi f0wGi f

wHawG;qGwfay;ae7onf[laomtodu a':oef;oef; _rud kwenf;wzH k

p dwfvSKyf@Sm;7ifzd kaponf?

c sp fx l ;r S mvnf ; a':oe f ;oe f ; _r>00wkw fw kw fzi f ju D ;u d k

vd k ;c si fvS _y Dr d k h jumjumrqd ki f ; ? wHawG;qGwfay;_y D ;onfE Si f h zi f0

wGifvD;ud kawhaxmufvd kufavonf?

Ø _znf;_znf;oGif;ygaemf- -t7rf;juD;xd k ;rxnfhyge J h ×

a':oef ;oe f ; _ru awmif ;ye fonf? olr>rsufE SmwGi f7ruf

aZmajumif ha7m @SufajumufrS Kajumif hyg aoG;a7mifv#rf;um eD_ref;

aeonf? rsufvH k ;wd k hta7mifawmufaeonf?

csp fxl;u um;tdaeaomzifqH kjuD;E Sp f _crf ;ud kvufESp fbuf_zif h

tm;7yg;7qky fud ki fum vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud kptd kaygufxJ xd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf

avonf?

Ø bGyfbGyfbkAspf- - ×

165

Ø tm;- -tm;- -trav;av; emvd kufwm- -emvd kufwm×

emvGe f ;vSaomajumif h a':oef ;oef ; _ri<foHygatmifyi fatmf

r donf? xd katm foHjum;7aomtcg bwifwd k hv l kp kausey foabmus

oGm;juonf? pd k ;p d k ;r Smawmh tvGefud kajumufvef hum olr>ta':

vnf ; _ zp f | q7mrvnf ; _ zp fo l a' :oe f ;oe f ; _ rzi fv d k ; c H ae7y H ku d k

rjunfh7ufyJ wpfbufod k hrsufESmv$ Jvd kufavonf?

'gud k _rif hjunfu rauseyf?

Ø bmrsufE Smv$ JaewmvJ? [d kaumifrjuD;zi fvd k ;c Hae7wmud k

aoaocsmcsmjunfh- - ×

_rif h junf>[def ;a[mufapcd ki f ;r S Kajumif h pd k ;p d k ;c_rmrwwfom

awmhyJ a':oef;oef;_rzifvd k ;c Hae7yH k _rifuGi f ;ud k rjunf0H hjunfh0 H hE Si f h

junfhvd kuf7onf?

csp fxl ;>vD;acsmi f ; juD ;onf a':oef ;oef ; _r>zifaygufxJod k h

tqH k ;0ifoGm;_y D _zpfonf? csp fxl;uzifa_ymifjuD;wvSKy fvS Ky f _zi f h a':

oef;oef;_rud k y<fy<fe<fe<fzifaqmfaeonf?

Ø a[h aumifrav; ×

166

bwifuvSrf ;ac:vd kuf7m pd k ;p d k ;r Smajumufvef hwjum;_ye fxl;

7onf?

Ø [dk aumifrjuD;zifvd k ;c Haewmudk eifubmajumif hrjunfh

yJ rsufESmv$ Jae7wmvJ- - ×

Ø [dk- -[dk- -@Sufp7mjuD;rd k hyg@Si f- - ×

Ø [kwfouGm a_zyH ku? @Sufp7mjuD;wJ h- -eifuzgo<fvkyf

awmhr<fqd k7i f zifvd k ;c H7wmud k@ Sufp7mjuD;vd k h oabmrxm;7bl;?

uJa[h _rif hjunf onfaumifrav;ud kyg zifaqmfuGm ×

Ø trav;av;- -rvkyfjuygeJ h@ Si f- -uÈefr- -zsef;zse f; ×

pd k;pd k;pum;rqHk;rDyif _rifhjunfub<f_yefnm_yefyg;@k dufcs vdkuf7m

a u m i f r a v ; vn f x G u f I j u r f ; _ y i f a y : u s on f ?

Ø bmrS@SnfraeeJ h? cd ki f ;wmvkyf? rvkyf7ifeif hud k atmifeuf

qDac:oGm;r<f? 'gyJ? ×

Ø vkyfyg hr<f@Si f h- -vkyfyg hr<f? tJ'Dawmh ryd k hyge J h? ×

167

Ø 'Dvd kr Sayg h? ud ki f; zifvd k ;c Hz d k h _yifprf; ×

pd k ;p d k ;c_rmajumufvef hp Gmyif _rif hjunfcd ki f ;ovd kvky f7@Smonf?

p d k ;p d k ;onftys d Kpi fuav;_zp fum csp fxl ;wd k hvufxJa7mufaomtcgr S

vD ;p ky fz l ; | apmufywfxJvD;0i fz l ;onf? 'gajumif hzi fvd k ;c Hz d k h _yi fay;7

wm;rs d K ;ud k em;rvnf@Sm? od k haomfwk H haES;aeygu t@k duftESufcH7_yD;

ac G ;juD;atmifeufE Si f hv$wfay;r Smud kajumufvSaomajumif h uref ;u

wef;vJusae7rSx7onf? _yD;awmh apmapmua':oef;oef;_rvkyfovdk

cspfxl;tvkyfcd ki f ;c J honfrsm;ud k twkcd k ;umvkyfay;vd kuf7onf?

yxrjurf; _yi fay:wGi fav;bufaxmufum uke f ;onf? xrD

ud kvSe fwifonf? twGif;c Habmif;bDr@S dawmh? xrDvSe fwifvd kufonf

E Si f h apmufywfjuD ;az G ;ue Jay:onf? p d k ;p d k ;uyg ;py fr SwHawG ;r sm ;ud k

vuf_zif hy Gwfum ptk d0wGifokwfvdrf;ay;vd kufonf?

xd ktcs de fwGi f _rif hjunfu ykqd k ;cÈwfcsvd kufonf? ol hvD;onf

c s p fx l ;v d ktoi f h rw f awmi f rae ? rawmi f hwawmi f _ zp f a eon f ?

udp Pr@ S dy g ? awmi fatmi fv ky fE d l i fonf henf ;@ S donf? _ri f h junfonf

av ;bu fu k e f ; a e aomaumi f r av ;>ac g i f ; e m ;w G i ftomuy fum

'l;axmufcsvd kufonf?

Ø ig hvD;awmifvmatmif pkyfay;prf; ×

168

rme fusumus d K ;E G H ae _y D _zp faomp d k ;p d k ;onf y g ;py fav;[um

acgif;av;armhv#uf _rif hjunfvD;ud kp ky fay;vd kuf7onf? rdr duk dzifvd k ;

E d li fatmifvD;awmifvmapzd k h r dr dud k<fwd ki fu ygpy f _zi f hp ky fay;ae7yg

vm;[laomtodajumi f h p d kp d k ;r su f7nfawGusonf? i<fE kaom

aumifrav;>pky fay;r S Kajumif h _rif h junfrSmwc^twGif;r Smyif ESm

xefumvD;awmifvmonf?

Ø awmfawmh- -7_yD ×

p d k ;p d k ;uvD;p ky fay;wm7yfvd kufonf? _rif h junfupd k ;p d k ;>yg;pyf

xJr SvD;ud kxkwf<lum pd k ;p d k ;>zifqH kjuD;aemufod k hae7ma_ymif;<lonf?

r dr dy g ;py fxJr Sxkwf<loGm;aomvD;acsmi f ;juD; rdr dzi fxJoGi f ;awmhr Smyg

vm;[k pd k ;p d k ;awG;rd@ Smonf?

p d k ;p d k ;onfcy f _znf; _znf;oGi f ;7e f awmif ;ye frnfjuHao;onf?

o d k h aom fa':oe f ;oe f ; _rawmi f ;ye faom fvnf ; c sp fx l ;uvH k ;0r!Smy J

wtm ; aqmi f ho G i f ; c J hon f hom"u@ S d a e7m awmi f ; y e f aom fvn f ;

tajumi f ; rx l ;[ kem ;vn fI onftwd k i f ; ju dw fr S dw f aeavonf ?

pd k ;p d k ;bmrSra_ymI_rif hjunftawmfrausreyf_zpfonf? tenf;

q H k ; aw m h _ zn f ; _ zn f ;o G i f ; 7 e f aw m i f ; y e f 7 rn f r[ kw f y gv m ; ?

onfavmuf_zp fwJ haumifr zifuG JoGm;atmifvd k ;yp frnf[kp dwfxJwGi f

169

juH K ;0g ;um vD;juD;ud kzi f0wGi fususeeawhv#uf cg;tm;|a_ctm;E Si f h

ud k<fvH k ;z dtm;ygoH k ;I wtm;aqmif hoGif;onf?

Ø Aspf- -yvGyf_yGwf- - ×

vD ; ju D ;onfzi fx Jo d k h7uf7ufa7ma7mxd k ;az gu f0i fo Gm ;onf?

pd k ;p d k ;ujudwfrd Swfum cHaeao;onf? od k haomfusOf;juyfvSaomptd kxJ

vD;acsmi f ;juD;aqmif h0i fvmrS Ku emjuifvGe f ;aomajumif h atmif hrc H

Ed li f? atmf[pfrd@ Smonf?

Ø tm;- -emw<f emw<f aoyg_yD tm; ×

_rif hjunfu vD;tqH k ;0ifatmifxd k ;oGi f ; _y D ;onfESi f h cyfjurf;

jurf;aqmif hvd k ;avawmhonf? tajumif;wd kufqd ki fonf[ka_ym7rnf

vm; ? p d k ; p d k ;onfa' :oe f ;oe f ; _r>ab;w Gi fu ke f ; ay ;7u fom; _zp f7m

wlt7D;E Sp fa<mufwef;p Dum zifc Haeaomta_cqd kufa7mufoGm;onf?

c sp fx l ;E S i f h _ ri f h junfw d k honf r dr dw d k h c G Jwr f ;7xm;aomr de f ;rr sm ;u d k

zifvd k ;onf ht_yif apmufaphud kvnf;yGwfay;ao;onf? Ed k hud kvnf;qG J

onf? Ed k hoD;ud kvnf;zspf!Spfonf? onfawmhaoG;om;ql_zd K ;_y D; 7m~

juG<faomtrs d K ;orD;awG_zpfjuonfhtwd ki f ; a':oef;oef;_ra7mpd k ;p d k ;yg

obm0tav#mufaoG;om;vSKy f@ Sm;7rufEd k ;juGvmjuonf? apmufywf

xJwGi ft7nfjunfawGpdr f hxGufvmjuonf? av;bufuke f ;ay;xm;7m

170

rS zifjuD;awG<rf;cgay;onf? vSKyf@ Sm;aumhwGef;ay;onf? zifxJvD;

aqmi f ho Gi f ;o Hr sm ; | zi fq H k ju D ;E Si f h a~ G ;OwG J ju D ;r sm ;@ k du fcwfr do Hr sm ; |

r de f ;rE Sp fa<muftouf@ SLr Sm;oGm;oHrsm; | 7rufaZmE Si f hnnf;vd kufoH

rsm; yJ hwifxyfaeonf?

c Hwi fay:r Sz gac gi f ;c s Ky f ju D ;bwi ftz d k h umrpy f< Su fy G J ju D ;

y G Jaumi f ;ud k junf h _ri fae7onf? bwifr sufvH k ; juD ;awG _yL ;us<fae

onf? tdy f7mr SrxEd li fIom pdwfxde f ;ae7onf? xrsm;xEd li fy gu

a':oef;oef;_rud k _zpfap| pd k ;p d k ;ud k _zpfap 0ifvd k ;r dr SmtrSef?

Ø a[haumifawG? vlcsif;vJvd kufjutkef;avuGm ×

bwifu ta_ymif;tvJav;_zpf_y D ; yG Jy d kaumif;atmif0ifp DpOf

ay;vd kufonf?

Ø yvGyf- -yvGyf- - ×

c sp fx l ;E S i f h _ ri f h junfw d k h c sae juonf h zi f ay gu ftoD ;o D ;r S

vD;awGqG Jxkwfum ae7ma_ymif ;juonf? csp fxl;u pd k ;p d k ;zi fayguf

xJod k h vD;juD;ud kxd k ;xnf hvd kufcs de fr Smyi f _ri f h junf>vD;ua':oef ;

oef;_r ptd kxJ0ifvmonf?

171

Ø atmifr<fav;av; aoyg_yD emvd kufwm emvd kufwm ×

cspfxl;>vD;zifxJxd k ;oGif;c H7aom pd k ;p d k ;>rcs drqef hatmf[pfoH

ay:vmonf? cspfxl;>vD;u _rif hjunfxufyd kjuD;y d kwkwf7m zifxJ

ok d h _rif hjunfvD;om0ifz l ;ao;aompd k ;p d k ;r Sm cspfxl;vD;'^fud k xGef hxGe f h

vl;atmif cH7@Smonf? a':oef;oef;_ruawmh onfvd kr[kwf?

Ø td k;- -[if h[if h[if h- -@S D ; ×

c sp fxl ;>vD;xGm;xGm;juD ;E Si f haqmi f hv d k ;wmud k t@S de f7z Dvi f

wufaeaom a':oef ;oe f ; _r>zi faygufr Sm _ri f h junf>iyJud kr _z H K ?

emjuifrS Kr@S dy J t7omawG honf? od k haomf_rif hjunf>vD;uao;aom

ajumif h enfenf;zDvifatmufovdk_zpfonf?

onfaemufwGifawmh cspfxl;E Si f h _rif hjunfwd k honf trs d K ;orD;

E Sp fa<mufud k 7uf7ufpufpufyi f y<fy<fe<fe<fzi fv d k ; juav

awmhonf?

bwifuawmh topfuav;ESp fa<mufzifvd k ;c HaejuyH krsm;ud k

junf h7i f ; onfE Sp f a<mu fu d k aumi f ; aumi f ; z gc H c d k i f ; _ y D ; aemu f

7@S dvmrnf haiGaju;tvH k ;tcJawGud k pdwfxJwGi fwGufcsufum taus

eyfjuD;auseyfavawmhownf;- - -?_y D ;yg _y D ?