ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 1

jif{ %, k"0ff{ª\s %#lj=;+= @)&% ebf}

lh.k|.sf.sf. b.g+. 428—s÷2070

:yfkgf btf{ g+. 001k|yd k|sfzg ldltM lj.;+. 1991 kmfu'g

ljifoqmd

;Dkfbs

ljdn ef}sfhL

dfgfy{ ;b:o

k|bLk lul/

;Nnfxsf/

8f= b'a;' If]qL

k|aGw lgb]{zs

c~h"nIdL k|wfg

x:tfIf/÷x:tfIf/÷ /fh]Gb| yfkf 3

sljtf÷sljtf÷ gd{b]Zj/ k|wfg 5

cg'jfb syf÷cg'jfb syf÷ dgb]jL t08'sf/ 6

cfTdk/s lgaGcfTdk/s lgaGw÷÷ k]zn cfrfo{ 9

sljtf÷sljtf÷ ;'gLn k'/L 14

;fdlosL÷;fdlosL÷ /fd]Zj/ /fpt dft[bf; 15

sljtf÷sljtf÷ nlnt yfd] 23

;dfnf]rg;dfnf]rgf÷÷ k|f=8f= v]d bfxfn 24

sljtf÷sljtf÷ lbJo lu/L 29

uhn÷uhn÷ k|]d cf]emf 30

sysyf÷÷ /~hgf lg/f}nf 31

n3'sljtf÷n3'sljtf÷ e/t ef/åfh 37

n3'syf÷n3'syf÷ o'j/fh d}gfnL 38

:tDe M xif{–6]jf÷:tDe M xif{–6]jf÷ 39

n]n]v÷÷ lqe'jgrGb| jfUn] 41

sljtsljtf÷÷ 7fs'/k|;fb clwsf/L 47

k'k':ts÷:ts÷ ljho/Tg t'nfw/ 49

sljtf÷sljtf÷ /fhg g]jfM 53

sysyf÷÷ df:6/ h]=aL= ufpFn] 54

sljtf÷sljtf÷ ;'jf; 9sfn 58

b:tfj]h÷ b:tfj]h÷ zf/bf P]ltxfl;s df}lns k[i7 59

s}lkmots}lkmot 60sf] &]ufgf

sharadamasik@gmail.com

bimalbhaukajee@hotmail.com

cGt/f{li «̂o k|ltlglw M gLnd sfsL{ lgxfl/sf÷ sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/ M clwjQmf /fdaxfb'/ /fptahf/ Joj:yf M b'uf{ bfxfn, eQmk'/÷ k|sfzs M zfGtaxfb'/ dNn÷ljdn ef}sfhL

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf2

>Lhg /fhe)*f/Lsnfsf/ M bLks ;dLk

k|ltlglwx¿/fddl0f kf]v/]n, ufO{3f6, pbok'/

gLnsdn, sf7df8f}Flbgdfg u'd{5fg, ag]kf

dLgs'df/ gjf]lbt, lj/f6gu/

zf/bfsf ljlzi^ ;xof]uLx¿k"0f{ j}B, sf7df8f}F

s[i0fnfn k|wfg, eQmk'/k|lt;/f ;fo\ld, sf7df8f}F8f= cfgGb hf]zL, sf7df8f}Fdbgk|;fb dNn, sf7df8f}Flzjk|sfz, af]:6g, cd]l/sf

nlnt yfd], sf7df8f}F3gZofd /fhsl0f{sf/nId0fs[i0f tfd|fsf/

jif{ %, cª\s %, k"0ff{ª\s %#, lj=;+= @)&% ebf}

d"No ¿. 90÷–ef/tdf ef. ¿. 90÷–ljb]zdf $ 2.00

Sharada MasikA collection of Contemporary Nepali Literature

;fh;HhfM e]ifaxfb'/ /fpt …cfgGbÚ

d'b|)fM lxl; ckm;]^ lk|G^;{hdn, ;]tf]b/af/, sf&df*f}Fkmf]g g+M 4226416

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 3

x:tfIf/

/fh]Gb| yfkf/fh]Gb| yfkf

/rgf M/rgf M /fh]Gb| yfkf

;ª\uLt M;ª\uLt M bLks zdf{

:j/ M:j/ M ljGb' kl/of/, 8]la8 z+s/

rnlrq Mrnlrq M 5Ssf k~hf–#

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf4

dfl;ssf] ;"rgf

g]kfnsf] h]7f] ;flxlTos klqsf zf/bfn] g]kfnL jfª\dosf If]qdf k'¥ofPsf]

of]ubfgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] p2]Zon] k'gM yflnPsf] zf/bfsf] k|sfzgdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg

oxfFn] zf/bfsf] ;b:otf u|x0f ul/lbg' eO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg x'g cyjf o;df cfˆgf]

;+:yfsf] lj1fkg lbO{ tkfO{+sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df zf/bfnfO{ ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ k|bfg

ug'{x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}F .

jflif{s ;b:otf z'Ns ?. 1,000=–

cfhLjg ;b:otf z'Ns ?. 20,000=–

;+:yfut ;b:otf z'Ns ?. 30,000=–

lj1fkg b/lj1fkg b/

ljj/0f ljj/0f

clGtd k[i7 /ª\uLg #),))).–

cfj/0f leqL klxnf] k[i7 /ª\uLg @&,))).–

cfj/0f leqL clGtd k[i7 /ª\uLg @%,))).–

k"/f k[i7 /ª\uLg @),))).–

cfwf k[i7 /ª\uLg !@,))).–

;fwf/0f k"/f k[i7 /s/ª\uL !),))).–

;fwf/0f cfwf k[i7 /s/ª\uL ^,))).–

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 5

gd{b]Zj/ k|wfggd{b]Zj/ k|wfg

ltd|f] xfF;f] /

d]/f] cfF;'

lsg eOlbG5

cfuf] / kfgL Û

ltd|f] xfF;f]sf]

clUgs'08df

xf], xfd|f c;ª\Vo

cfF;'sf yf]kfx¿

eid eO;s]sf 5g\===

cs:dft\

lsg

lrl;G5

ltd|f] clUgs'08=== <

lsg uN5 Tof]

lxpFe}mF

kfgL–kfgL eP/ <

lsg aU5 Tof]

ltd|f] cfFvfaf6

cfF;'–cfF;' eP/ <

dxfzo ,

ltd|f] cfF;'df

cfh d

lsg xf]

clUg /f]Psf] b]V5' <

clUgsf cfF;'clUgsf cfF;'

sljtf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf6

dgb]jL t08'sf/dgb]jL t08'sf/

yLx¿ ;a} ljb]zdf k9fO ;sL /fd|f] k]zf

;dft]/ lanf;L lhGbuL latfO/x]sf] b]Vbf d]/f]

dgdf ToxL ;kgfn] Rjf;\–Rjf;\ 3f]r]sf] dx;';

x'G5 . t/ PSnf] ;Gtfg ePsf]n] xf] ls d]/f

cfdf–a'afn] dnfO{ ljb]z k7fpg] s'/fdf lbn

vf]n]/ ;dy{g ug{ ;Sg'ePsf] 5}g . d]/f] l9kLs}

sf/0f dfq cfdf–a'afsf] df}g :jLs[lt kfPsf]

x'F, t/ leqL dg}b]lv eg] xf]Og .

…n t n Û ltdLn] ;fx|} l9kL u¥of}, ca ltdL

aRrf klg t xf]Ogf} . ltdLn]] x]/]/ h] /fd|f] x'G5,

u/ ÛÚ a'afn] grfxFbf grfxFb} dnfO{ ljb]z k9\g

hfg l:js[lt lbg'eof] . d]/f] v'zLsf] cufl8

cfk"m tuf/f] aGg rfxg'ePg .

aL=aL=P= ;s]/ cd]l/sfdf Pd=aL=P= cWoog

ug{sf] nflu cfjZos sfuhkqx¿ ;a} qmda4

t/Lsfn] ldnfP/ kmfOlnª u/Lj/L le;f lgj]bg

lbg l7Ss agfO;s]kl5 dfq} cf]5Øfgdf kN6]sf]

x'Fbf /flt lgs} ca]/ g} eof] .

/fd|/L lgbfpg klg kfPsf] lyOgF . Psflaxfg},

zfob ̂ ah]sf] lyof] xf]nf, rf]sdf dflg;x¿n]

xNnf ul//x]sf] ;'g]/ d]/f] lgb|f v'Nof] .

olt laxfg} s;n] xNnf ul//x]sf] xf]nf <

lsg xNnf ul//x]sf] xf]nf <=== pQ/ vf]Hg d}n]

sf]7fsf] ‰ofn vf]n]/ rf]slt/ x]/]F . rf]sdf

dflg;x¿ e'm08–e'm08 eO{ ;fgLsfsLsf] 3/

x]b}{ s'/f ul//x]sf] b]v]F .

pT;'stf d ]6fpg d rf ]sdf k 'u ] F .

;fgLsfsLsf] 3/ x]/]/ cgfof;} d eml:sPF .

cGt/cfTdfaf^cGt/cfTdfaf^

cg'jfbsyf

;f

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 7

cfFvfdf lrk|f k¥of] ls eg]/ cfFvfnfO{ ldr]/

lrk|f ;kmf ub}{ sfsLsf] 3/lt/ k]ml/ x]/]F . k]ml/

bf]xf]¥ofP x]/]F . ToxL b[Zo Û 9f]sfdf k/fnsf] d'7f

/ sfnf] xfF8L /fv]sf] b]v]F . -g]jf/L k|rngcg';f/

dflg;sf] d[To' x'Fbf dfq o;/L k/fnsf] d'7f /

xfF8L 9f]sfsf] 5]pdf /flvG5 ._

d]/f] k|Zgjfrs cfFvf b]v]/ d}n] s'g} k|Zg g}

;f]Wg gkg]{ u/L 3/;Fu}sf] dbgbfOn] eg]– …cfh

/flt ;fgLsfsL laTg'eof] .Ú

oL zAbx¿ ;'g]/ d]/f] sfgsf] hfnL g}

k'm6\nfh:tf] eof] . s;}n] d]/f] z/L/df tftf]

kfgL vGofPh:t} eof] . s;/L o:tf] ePsf]

xf]nf eGg] k|Zg ;f]Wg gkfpFb} dbgbfOn]

wf/fk|jfx ¿kdfdf s'/f vf]n]]– …/flt bd a9]/

c:ktfn nu]sf] /x]5, c:ktfn;Dd t k'Uof]

t/ cf}ifwLd"nf] ug}{ gkfO{ laTg'eP5 . PSnf]

a"9L lar/L Û To;dfly bdsf] /f]uL . tLg–tLg

aRrfx¿sf cfdf . 5f]/f5f]/L, gfltgfltgf x'Fbfx'Fb}

klg dg]{ a]nfdf sf]xL ePg, lar/L Û s:tf]

efUo lnP/ cfpg'ePsf] /x]5 s'lGg Û t}klg

eujfg\n] ;fy lbPh:t} u/L 7"nf]sfsfsL 5f]/L

gfgLlbbL lxh} sfsLnfO{ ;~rf]–la;~rf] s] 5,

a'‰g cfpg'ePsf] /x]5 . w]/} g} kfgL k/]sf]n] 3/

kms{g ;Sg'ePg . wGg Pp6} sf]7fdf ;'Tg'ePsf]

/x]5 . /flt bdsf] Joyfn] Rofk]kl5 gfgLlbbLn]

cfˆgf] a'af–bfh'x¿nfO{ kmf]gaf6 af]nfpg'eP/

c:ktfn n}hfg'ePsf] /x]5 .Ú

lgMzAb d Û

…ca ljb]zaf6 5f]/f5f]/L gcfP;Dd nfz

p7\b}g /] Û slt lbg nfUg] xf] s'lGg ÛÚ dbgbfO

a/a/fpFb} cfˆgf] 3/tk{m nfu] .

efUo–cefUo eg]sf ] s;n] agfpg]

xf] < s;/L agfpg] xf] < s;}nfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g .

;'Gb}df dfq klg /dfOnf] nfUg] u/L Tolta]nf

x]bf{ ;fgf]sfsf, ;fgLsfsLnfO{ s;n] cefuL

eGg ;SYof] / Û bfh'efOx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf

lzlIft . ToxL gftfn] /fd|} ;/sf/L hflu/df

x'g'x'GYof] . pRrtxsf] ;/sf/L hflu/ ePsfn]

b]z ljb]z 3'Dg] df}sf klg k|z:t} kfpg'ePsf]

lyof] . cfk"mx¿ lzlIft ePsfn] g} cfˆgf]

k'Vof}{nL hUuf–hdLg g} a]r]/ eP klg cfˆgf

Pp6L 5f]/LnfO{ / csf{ b'O{6f 5f]/fx¿nfO{

cd]l/sf, ci6«]lnof / Sofgf8fdf cWoogsf]

nflu k7fpg'ePsf] lyof] . 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ klg

clt g} /fd|f clg k9fOdf lgs} cAan lyP .

k9fO ;s]/ pgLx¿n] /fd|} gf]s/L;d]t

u/L dgUo sdfO klg ul//x]sf lyP . ;a}

5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] ljjfx klg pt} u/]/ /fd|/L

3/hd u/]sf lyP . b'O{–rf/ k6s sfsf–sfsL

kfn}kfnf] 5f]/f5f]/LsxfF k'uL 3'd]/ kms]{kl5 v"a}

v'zL x'g'x'GYof] . cfkmGtx¿ / 5/l5d]sLx¿nfO{

5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] u/]sf] k|ultsf] s'/f u/]/ pxfFx¿

slxNo} yfSg'x'GgYof] .

…tLg–rf/ hgf 5f]/f5f]/L eP/ klg cflv/df

a"9fa"9L PSn}Ú eg]/ s;}n] KofRr elglbof] eg]

To;f] eGg]nfO{ sfsfn] g/d eP/ ;Demfpg]

kf/fn] ulj{nf] hjfkm lbg'x'GGYof]– …To;f] eGg'

x'Fb}g, 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿sf] lhGbuL s;/L /fd|f] x'G5,

To:t} ug{'k5{ . ltgLx¿sf v'zLsf nflu h]

klg Tofu ug{'k5{ .Ú /, c¿n] s] k|ltlqmof lbof]

eGg]tk{m x]Ssf /fVg'x'GgYof] . s:tf] km/flsnf]

dg Û

± ± ±

;don] stflt/ sf]N6] k]m5{, s;}nfO{ yfxf

x' Fb}g . ;fgf]sfsL / ;fgf]sfsf rv]jfsf]

hf]8Lh:t} u/L cfˆgf] hLjg u'hf/f ub}{

cg'jfb syf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf8

x'g 'x 'GYof ] . s:tf ] /dfOnf ] pxf Fx¿sf]

hLjg Û zfob b]ptfnfO{ g} nf]e nfUof]

ls s'lGg Û ^ dlxgfcufl8 dfq crfgs

sfsfnfO{ x6{c6Øfs eof] . cfˆgL a"9LnfO{

otfplt s'/f s]xL klg eGg gkfO{ s'g} afhn]

rNnfnfO{ l6k]/ nu]h:t} u/L sfsfnfO{ sfnn]

l6k]/ nUof] . sfsfsf] lgwgkZrft\ sfsLnfO{

klg la:tf/}–la:tf/} ljleGg /f]un] RofKb}

nUof] . lxhf] dfq} ;fgf]sfsLn] eGg'ePsf]

s'/f Ps Ps u/L ;De]mF, …s] ug]{ afa", ltd|f]

sfsfn] a]nf–a]nf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{– ltdLx¿

;a} cfpg", ;a}sf] d'v x]g{ dgnfUof], ca

xfdLx¿ ltdLx¿sxfF cfpg ;Sb}gf} F, pd]/n]

klg lbPg, :jf:Yon] klg lbPg, ltdLx¿sf]

cfdf klg lbg k/lbg c;Qm x' Fb } uof]

eGg'x'Fbf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n]– …x'G5 af, xfdL rfF8}

g} cfpF5f}F,=== oxfF labf ldNgf;fy cfp5f}FÚ

eGg] hjfkm dfq lbGy] . t/ ltgLx¿sf]

labf slxNo} ldn]g . cflv/ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]

af6f] x]bf{x]b}{ ltd|f] sfsf cfzfx¿ Rofk]/}

laTg'eof] .=== ca d klg To:t} xf]nf, cfh

xf] ls ef]ln <Ú olt af]Nbfaf]Nb} sfsLn]

cfFvfaf6 cfF;' emfg{'ePsf] lyof] .

…To;f] geGg';\ sfsL, labf ldNof] eg]

cjZo klg cfOxfN5g\ lg ÛÚ vf]qmf] cfZjf;g

lbFb} d cfˆgf] 3/tk{m nfu]sf] lyPF .

x'g klg xf], ;do 5Fb} ltgLx¿sf] labf

slxNo} ldn]g . sfdaf6 k'm;{b gePsf]

sf/0f b]vfpFb} cfdf–a'afnfO{ e]6\g sf]xL klg

cfOk'u]gg\ . kl5 afa'sf] :ju{af; ePkl5 dfq}

va/ ug]{lalQs} ;a} 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ cfOk'u] .

s:tf] lj8Dagf Û ;a} 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] cfˆgf]

afa'sf] nfzcufl8 d'6' g} k'm6\nffe}mF ?jfaf;L

u/] . hlt /f]P klg s] ug]{, 6fps} k'm6fP klg

s] ug]{ < lr/ lgGb|fdf ;'lt;s]sf] afa' p7\g]

s'/f ePg .=== klxnf afa'n] af]nfpFbf s;/L

labf gldn]sf] < clxn] s;/L labf ldNof] <

afFr]s} a]nf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿sf] d'v x]g{ kfPsf] eP

cfdf–afa' b'j} slt v'zL x'Gy] xf]nfg\ Û zfob

;a} /f]ux¿ g} lgsf] x'GYof] ls Û o:tf] cg'e"lt

;dod} ePsf] eP slt /fd|f] x'GYof] Û

…afa", slta]/ tn al;/fv]sf] < lrof klg

lr;f] e};Sof] .Ú cfdfn] af]nfpg'ePsf] :j/n] d

eml:sPF . ;fgLsfsLsf] lxhf]sf cfF;'n] el/Psf

cfFvf / 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ x]g{] /x/ af]s]sf] pxfFsf]

d'xf/ ;DemFb} dfly pSn]F . cfdfnfO{ Ps k]m/

x]/]F . cgfof; g} d]/f] d'vaf6 lg:Sof]– …cfdf,

d cd]/Lsf hfGgF x} ÛÚ

d]/f] s'/f ;'g]/ cfdfn] x'G5 klg eGg

;Sg'ePg, x'Fb}g klg eGg ;Sg'ePg . d]/f]

xftdf tftf] lrof ydfP/ s]jn d]/} cg'xf/

6f]nfP/ x]/L dfq /xg'eof], Ps6sn] .

g]kfn efiffsf] k':ts …nF+o\ vgfu' knfMÚaf6 cg"lbtg]kfn efiffsf] k':ts …nF+o\ vgfu' knfMÚaf6 cg"lbt

cg'jfbs M nId0fs[i0f tfd|fsf/cg'jfbs M nId0fs[i0f tfd|fsf/

cg'jfb syf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 9

k]zn cfrfo{k]zn cfrfo{

d d] Sof lnvf x} <Ú Psy/Ln] eGg] s'/f xf]

of] . gfdd} 5 ;a} yf]s . gfdsf nflu dflg;n]

s] kf] ub}{g / Û sd{, s'sd{, ;'sd{ ;a} yf]s

u5{ . km/s} 5– gfdsf] d];f] / d]x]/f] . ;'gfd

of s'gfd .

lx6n/n] cfˆgf] ;dodf eg]sf] Oltxf;n]

ce}m slx/x]s} 5– 6'8] Oh hd{g, 6'd/f] b

jN8{ . nns /fv]/ cxlg{if tt{/L kl;gf

r'xfP/ af6f] vGg]sf] gfd–;'gfd . crf8'

ts{sf] eL/}eL/af6 cf]n]{/ af6f] eTsfpg]sf]

gfd– s'gfd . dWodfuL{ af6f] lxF8\g]sf] gfd

;+;f/df s;}n] clxn];Dd lnPsf] yfÚ 5}g .

lng] 5}gg\ . elgG5 lg– hf] aLrdf 5, pxL

df/df k5{ .

…lns} lns lxF8\5 sfo/, …lns} lns lxF8\5 sfo/,

lns 5f8\b}g sk't .lns 5f8\b}g sk't .

lns 5f8L lxF8\5g\ tLg lns 5f8L lxF8\5g\ tLg

;fo/, l;Fx / ;k't .Ú;fo/, l;Fx / ;k't .Ú

sl/a #% jif{klxn] nf]s;]jfsf] k/LIff

lbg hfFbf wgs'6fsf] s'g} xf]6ndf n]lvPsf

sljtf+zsf x/kmx¿ x'g\– oL pko'{Qm kª\lQmx¿ .

cfk"mn] g nf]s;]j} kf; ul/of] g oL x/kmsf

jf:tljs sljsf] gfd sf]6];g ug}{ hflgof] .

lzIfs algof]– ;]jf cfof]u lbP/} . Tof] k/LIff

cfˆg} sd{If]qdf ePsfn] o:tf sf]6];gx¿

;fdfGo 1fgdf k'g/fj[lQ ePgg\ . k/LIffdf .

k]ml/–k]ml/ .

± ± ±

efof{, kTgL ls hLjg;fyL <

cfTdk/s lgaGw

…gf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf10

hLjg hfGg'df eGbf ghfGg'df w]/} dhf

5 .

c~hfg hLjg ax'n kj{t/fhsf r]kaf6

cfjfhljxLg ax]sL kolZjgL t x'g\ .

s'/f ]sf ] r'/f ] clxn]nfO{ gfdsf] xf ] .

gfd c;n ls sfd c;n < of] cljjflbt

ljifoflt/]s /x]g, ca . sf]xL gfdsf nflu

nuf}F6L v'l:sp~h]n nfU5g\ . sf]xL sfds}

kl5 xft wf]P/ . ltgnfO{ g gfdsf] 606f 5

g lj1flkt x'g] ss{z /x/ . s;}nfO{ s]sf]

wGbf s;}nfO{ s]sf] wGbf 3/HjfOFnfO{ vfg}sf]

wGbf eg]e}mF .

Ps hgf gaf]Ng] dxlif{ lyP– ef/tjif{df .

gfd lyof]– /d0f . zf/Ll/s ¿kdf geP/

Jojxf/df cfjfhljxLg t/ ;+;f/df pgsf]

gfdsf] dxs rxlsPsf] lyof] . pgL cfˆgf

r]nfrk]6fx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] ;f]w]sf] k|Zgsf]

hjfkm pgLx¿s} d 'vf/ljGbdf Ps6s

nufP/ x]/]/ lbGy] . km/s s] lyof] eg]

k[ys\ r]nfnfO{ lbOPsf] hjfkmdf /d0fåf/f

x]l/Psf] d'xf/sf] sflGt k[ysfled'v cf}

k|f~hNo x'GYof] .

dxlif{ /d0f / c;n tyf s'nLg efof{sf]

k|r]i6f slxn]sfxLF ;dfgfyL{ nfU5g\ dnfO{ .

af]Ng' kb}{g, ;a} a'lemG5 . ;"qflb;"qx¿ 3f]s]/

k/LIff n]Vg a;]sf a]nf v//// pQ/ cfPe}mF

lgem{/fj[lQaf6 .

egf} F g, dlxgf d/]kl5 xftdf tna

cfpF5 . 3/sf] ;+ljwfg :jLsf/]/ kTgLnfO{

a'emfof], km/s vfnsf] xNsf xfF;f]ldl>t efjn]

;':jfut\ ldNg] . slxn]sfxLF lkP/ 3/ uof], bL3{

:jefjsf] l/;fl>t efj kl9g] . cGto{ / afXo

km/s b]lvg] xf] eg] s:tf] x'Fbf] xf]– efof{sf]

cGtlb{n < vf]h]sf] x"F t/ tLg bzs lalt;Sbf

klg tLg zAbsf] pQ/ ldn]g .

klt–kTgLx¿ 5f]/f5f]/Lcl3 klg b'O{ hgf

clg ;Gtfg x's]{/ r/fsf ar]/fsf clegodf

s'¿kh:tf u'F8 5f8]/ uPkl5 klg b'O{ hg} .

xf], r/fsf lgolt af]s]/ afFRbf /x]5g\ x/]s

bDktLx¿– k"jL{o ;+:sf/df . rfx]/ xf];\ of

grfx]/ dflg; cl3sf] dL7f] / kl5sf] tLtf]

emGem6df cghfgd} kmF:bf] /x]5 . uf]/vwGbLo

Jofs/0f aNn kf] a'leFmb} 5 .

± ± ±

nfd nfu]/ cfpF5g\– cfjZostf /

;Gtfgx¿ . tL / tLx¿ cfˆg} vf]hL x'g\ t/

sltn] b'Mvsf] kf]v/Ldf kf}8L v]Ng nufpF5g\ .

sltn] ;'vsf] ;'gfdLdf afFRg ljjz u/fpF5g\ .

lgolt cfˆgf] xftsf] r]s xf]Og h;nfO{

ahf/df ePsf lghL a}ª\sx¿df uP/ ;lhn}

;f6\g ;lsof];\ Û Tof] t To:tf] hAa/ …yf]s

af]emÚ xf] p;nfO{ l;l;km; oTge}mF ;xg'd}

enf] 5 .

cfk"mnfO{ dfq xf]Og 3/nfO{ klg …Joo–

ef/Ú x'g] ePsfn] cke|+z eP/} Jojxf/

elgPsf] t xf]Og < xf]nf . k'vf{n] lsg

zAbsf kmQ'/ k|of]u uy]{ < kmf/f] u/]/ agfPsf

pvfgnfO{ x]bf{ ;f]sf] u"9fy{ c;nL ¿kdf

k|sl6G5 .

cfF;'sf] ;/xbnfO{ k|Zg dfGg] ls pQ/ <

d oltsf jif{b]lv cndndf 5' . dflg;n]

vf]h]sf xf]nfg\ . lgofn]sf xf]nfg\ . ku]{n]sf

klg xf]nfg\ t/ cfk"m eg] /ge'Nndf k/]sf] k¥o}

5' . cflbd cfF;' xfF;f]df aUof] ls b'Mvdf <

sf]xf] c>'sf] cflb¿k cleoGtf < hLjgf/Dedf

dflg; cfk"m dfq /f]of] ls c¿nfO{ klg ;fIfL

cfTdk/s lgaGw

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 11

/fv]/ /f]of] < oL / o:tf k|Zgx¿sf] u'TyL

hLjgh:t} dxfhAa/ 5g\ . logsf] g cflb

;Dej 5 g cGTo .

hLjgsf] Jooef/ v]Kg] klt xf] of kTgL <

eg]sf] ;'g]sf] x'F– …;+;f/ lhTg] dflg; 3/df

xf5{g\ . s] xf] of] jfSof+zsf] /x:o < 3/ eg]sf]

kl/jf/;lxtsf] u[x–cfrf/ xf] . kl/jf/hlgt

;bfrf/ / Jojxf/ xf] . 3/ hxfF Pp6L x+zd'v

:qL xf];\ . zflGt / ;b\efj lvNg] b'O{ d'6'x¿

x'g\ . a/fa/L lx:;fdf lng] ;]o/–xf]N8/e}mF

;Gtfgx¿ x'g\ . clg kf] dlGb/ x'G5– 3/ .

3/ eg]sf] d kTgLnfO{ dfG5' . y/ eg]sf]

klt . nf]Ug] dflg;nfO{ cfk"m k"0f{ x'g hLjg–

;fyL ofg]ls efof{ rflxG5 . jfdfª\uL zlQm .

gf/L ck/f x'g\ eg] g/ k/f . nf]Ug] bfofFzlQm

xf] eg] :jf:gL afofFzlQm . efn] ss{z gfb\ xf]

eg] kf]yL sf]dnsfGt cjgL . w/f / Jof]d egf}F

of gbL / lsgf/, oL ;a} Joo–ef/sf zLif{sx¿

g} x'g\ hxfFaf6 cg'e"lt cg'R5]bsf cWofox¿

lg;[tM x'G5g\ . ;'e]R5fn] sfdgf k|s6 ub}{

cflbaf6 cGTo;Ddsf] k[ysfled'v ;dfgfGt/

/]vfx¿ hLjg–;fyLsf ¿kdf kNnljt / k'likt

x'Fb} OR5fsf nx/fdf nxl/P/ cu|ufdL 5nfªsf

;fy cfnDag ultdf ;o/ ub{} ofqfdf ;xefuL

x'g k'U5g\ .

± ± ±

k"0f{ x'gsf nflu hf]8 rflxG5 . wgfTds

sf]0fn] k"0f{tfsf] k"0ff{x"lt u/fpFb5 . Ps–Ps

u/]/ cg]s x'G5g\– r/fr/ hut\sf ;d"n

hLjfTdfx¿ . ;ª\3if{0fdf b'O{ kIf ck]lIft

5 . cfnf]lbt 5 . rfx] Tof] o'4df xf];\ of

a'4Tjdf . vf]hLsf] ofofj/Lo z}nLdf dgsf

kmf6sx¿ gvf]nL u'bL Joxf]l/Ggg\ . /x/sf

Rofb/ gcf]9\g] dflg; ;dfhdf e]l6Ggg\ .

en} p;nfO{ :jfyL{, k/fyL{ / k/dfyL{ eg]/

lsQfsf6 ul/Psf] 5 .

efof{ :jfyL{ x'g} ;lSbgg\, olb ltgL

cAan ;+:sf/sL /lxl5g\ eg] . To;/L

g} kTgL k/fyL{ x'g} ;lSbgg\, olb ltgdf

sd;n ;+:sf/sf] o'l/of 5l/Psf] 5 eg] .

afFsL k/dfyL{ tTj t clxn]sf] …PlnogÚ

j:tLdf x'g] u'~hfo; g} ePgg\ . k]k/ dgLn]

dflg;sf] dl:tis …jf; cfp6Ú hf] u/]sf]

5 . xfdL g]kfnL 5ftLdf /fli6«otf ;dflxt

ub}{ uf]hLdf kf;kf]6{ /fv]/ af]l8{ª–kf; lng

cft'l/Psf 5f} F– s'g} ax'/fli6«o sDkgLsf]

hflu/nfO{ gdg ug{ .

r/fn] cfˆgf ar]/fnfO{ kv]6f nflu;s]kl5

u'F8af6 p8\g l;sfpF5, t/ ws]n]/ x'TofpFb}g .

dfg'if–dgdf Tof] nf]esf] ln;f]n] xx{/fPsf]

cfFt zfGt kfg{ ls t 7fn' b]zsf] …lu|g–sf8{Ú

g} ;Gtfgn] lnPsf] x]g{ rfxG5 ls t cs"t

cfTdk/s lgaGw

r/fn] cfˆgf ar]/fnfO{ kv]6f nflu;s]kl5 u'F8af6 p8\g l;sfpF5, t/ ws]n]/ x'TofpFb}g . dfg'if–dgdf Tof] nf]esf] ln;f]n] xx{/fPsf] cfFt zfGt kfg{ ls t 7fn' b]zsf] …lu|g–sf8{Ú g} ;Gtfgn] lnPsf] x]g{ rfxG5

ls t cs"t wg/flz s'DNofpg] hflu/ u/]sf] x]g]{ lbnfzf .

æ

æ

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf12

wg/flz s'DNofpg] hflu/ u/]sf] x]g]{ lbnfzf .

/L;nfO{ df]8]/ ldl;ndf k6ØfP/ /fv]sf] dgsf]

cbfntn] cj;/ gkfp~h]n dfq} d'2f d'NtaL

/fVg vf]H5, t/ ha cj;/sf caL/x¿ zL/df

nfU5g\ clg dflg; 3fF; nfu]sf] afv|fsf]

k7]qmf]h:t} aG;f]sf kl5 a'?Ss–a'?Ss plk|mg

afWo x'G5 .

lga{Gwtfn] cfgGb ;dk{0f u5{ of ub}{g,

Tof] d}n] clxn];Dd vf]h ug{ g;s]sf] kx]nL

xf] .

k| ];/n] ufn]sf xfdLnfO{ kf6L{ k'm6\bf

eGbf s/]nfsf] efp cSsfl;Fbf lrQ b'V5 .

lsg xf]nf < hxfF cfˆgf] ToxfF cfuf] tfKg' .

cfddflg; /fhgLltaf6 a]va/ /xG5g\ .

h:tf] b]lvG5 To:tf] x'Fb}g, h:tf] x'G5 To:tf]

b]lvFb}g . af]qmf dL7f] of u'bL ce}m klg o;df

k|ltjfb 5 .

s'g}sf] af]qmf ldi7 nfUg] . s'g}sf] u'bL

u"9 .

klxn] a'‰g sl7g, a'‰of] cem sl7g, emg\–

emg\ a'‰of] emg\ sl7g . hLjgsf gfgfgf}/ª

;"qwf/x¿ klg o:t} t x'g\ . cfk"mnfO{ ;lhnf]

c¿nfO{ hl6n x'g], c¿n] dflgcfPsf] hl6n

cfkm"nfO{ ;/n x'g] . ;/; / ;/nsf] ;fk]If

kl/efiff x'Fbf] /x]5 .

± ± ±

dg xf] ghLs x'g] . dg} xf] 6f9f x'g] .

z/L/ ghLs eP klg dg 6f9f 5 eg]

klt–kTgL Pp6} l;/fg nufP/ ;'t] klg sf];f}F

b"/ nfU5g\ . 6f9f x'Fbf t dfof uf9f x'g] xf],

olb dg ldn]sf] 5 eg] . gq kltn] kTgLsf]

xTof u/]sf / kTgLn] kltsf lz/f]R5]bg u/]sf

;dfrf/ cvaf/df slt cfpF5g\ Û h]7fgsL

alxgL x'g\ of ;fnfsL lbbL . ;a}eGbf klxnf

t dg PsLs/0f x'g'k¥of] . wgf]an, dgf]an

/ tgf]ansf] tfut b]vfP/ cf–cfˆgf] kfd/

k|bz{g ug'{ ePg .

vf]l;Psf] v'zLnfO{ 6fNg] cr's …;'k/ Un'Ú

eg]s} ;fGTjgf xf] . bb{df nufpg] dNxd eg]s}

e/f];f xf] . kl/jf/sf eTs]sf dgx¿df lnpg

nfpg ;fGTjgf / e/f];fsf] hf]uf/ ug]{n] k/fof

zx/ of b"/ b]zdf uP/ dfu a];fpg} kb}{g .

hdfgfn] kltkTgLnfO{ Pp6} a}ª\s vftfsf]

lx:;]bf/ agfPsf] 5 . clxn] klxn]h:tf]

5}g, aRrf hGd]kl5 dfq kltsf] cg'xf/ x]/]/

cfzfsf] cg'bfg dfUg' kg]{ laANofF6f] ;+:sf/ .

sfFw h'wfP/ sfd ubf{ klg dgel/ / k]6el/

xfF:g gkfOg] clg afFRg gkfOg] pkef]QmfjfbL

;don] hLjg–;fyLnfO{ Pp6} h"jfdf gf/]sf]

5, ;don] .

elnefFtL df]Ifsf kxf8fx¿ 3f]ls;s]kl5

klg dflg; Tolt g} c1fgL aGbf] /x]5 hlt

cfTdk/s lgaGw

klxn] a'‰g sl7g, a'‰of] cem sl7g, emg\–emg\ a'‰of] emg\ sl7g . hLjgsf gfgfgf}/ª ;"qwf/x¿ klg o:t} t x'g\ . cfk"mnfO{ ;lhnf] c¿nfO{ hl6n x'g], c¿n] dflgcfPsf] hl6n cfkm"nfO{ ;/n x'g] .

;/; / ;/nsf] ;fk]If kl/efiff x'Fbf] /x]5 .

æ

æ

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 13

p;nfO{ ;fpF cIf/ l;sfpFbf Eofs'd dfOG8df

;'gfdLsf ] sx/ p7\g ] ub{5 . dxFuLsf

v]r/x¿ clegosf cfzdf p8]sf 5g\ . l6Kg

/ ;FufNg g;s]/ hLjgsf b}nfx¿ pl3|g

;s]sf klg 5}gg\ . ;fxro{ / ;xef]unfO{

htg;fy /fVg'kg]{ clg pwf/fdf d[To'sf]

tf/]v–krf{ k6ØfP/ ef]Ub} / efUb} si6;fy

hf]uf/ u/]sf] hLjgdf d'Rsf nfUbf kGofnf]

ag]sf] /x/df sx/ ylkFbf–ylkFbf 5g\ .

a9\bf–a9\bf 5g\ .

egf}F g, hlt kolZjgL 5g\ oL w/fdf ax]sf

Tolt g} dflg;sf /x/ klg ax]sf x'Fbf x'g\ .

kxf8sf 6fs'/fdf d':s'/fPsf jgk"mnnfO{ s;n]

kf] j0f{g u5{ / Û rfx] ltgLx¿df chDa/L

;f}Gbo{ / cr's /f}gstf g} lsg gxf];\ Û

k"mnx¿ g} ;'efzLif kfP/ csf]{ hGddf gf/L

eP/ cfPsf x'g\, eG5g\ cg'h / efGt]x¿ .

ku]{Ng} ufx|f] 5 . ljlbt of cljlbt s] x'g\

< ;f:tL / ;fd~h:on] y]Ug} ;s]gg\ oxfF .

hlt–hlt lhof] plt–plt hl6n x'Fbf] /x]5

of] hf]jg klg . ;fy x'g' eg]s} ;Fu};Fu} ;fF3'

tg'{h:t} kf] /x]5 .

el/of xf]Ogg\ efof{x¿ . Joo–ef/ klg

xf]Og Jojxf/x¿ . ktLt klg xf]Ogg\ kltx¿ .

;f]r / vf]hsf ;fydf /dfpgs} nflu

pk;+xf/sf l8sf]df /x]sf ln8 jfSoh:t} x'g\

hLjg;fyL t . h;n] cfk"m gfd]6 eP/ klg

csf]{ kIfsf] enfO vflt/ Oltxf; /Rg] w[i6tf

sfod u/f];\ Û To;}n] t elgG5 lg– hGdf}F

hGdsf] gftf xf]– klt–kTgL .

zfGt tnfpdf 8'ª\uf ;o/ of hnljxf/

xf]– u[x:yL . hxfF b'O{ tTjn] ag]sf b'O{ x:yLsf]

u7hf]8 x'g' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . clg dfq

cfTdk/s lgaGw

aU5– ;nnnn gf}sf k]|dsf] . :jfy{sf :jfªdf

lkª v]Ng'sf] s'g} t's 5}g . tgnfO{ eGbf

dgnfO{ ;kmf /fv] j]z .

sljx¿n] klg kTgLsf af/]df cg]sfg]s

sljtf /r]sf 5g\ . ;Gbe{ / sf]i7df /fv]sf

5g\– efof{sf k'/f0fx¿nfO{ . ;'s/ft x'g\ of

zDe'k|;fb . ls6\; x'g\ of sflnbf; . b]jsf]6f

x'g\ rfx] bfFt] . kTgL dxfsfJo x'g\ kltx¿sf

nflu . cgGt sx/ sf6]/ klg lga{Gwtfsf]

p8fgdf tL hf] dxfg\ efof{n] ;lDdng u/]/

kltnfO{ n]vgsf u'TyL / cfv]6f]kxf/sf sf];]nL

hf] lbP .

;Gtfg t kfx'gf x'g\, cfpF5g\–hfG5g\ .

cfpg'eGbf cl3 klg klt–kTgL PSn} . uPkl5

klg hLjg–;fyL PSn}–b'Sn} . lgoltsf] rZdfn]

x]g] { ubf] { /x]5–lhGbuLsf kmnsx¿nfO{ .

r'krfk / df}g ;jfndf /dfpFbf /x]5g\–nf]Ug]–

:jf:gLx¿, tL hf] cfk"mdf c;d]n qmL8f /

s]nLdf sNkG5g\ . u'F8nfO{ g} w/f]x/ dfg]/

lhpF5g\– hGdhGdfGt/;Dd cf:yf / ;Ddfgsf

esf/Lx¿ e/]/ .

s;}n] eg]sf] lyof] . Tolta]nf Vofn ePg .

clxn] uLtf–1fg ePsf] 5 . hxfg, hflu/ /

hdLgÙ oL tLgdf hGdf}FhGdsf] cfwf/zLnf to

ePsf] x'G5 . clg x'G5 dflg;sf] hLjgf/De .

of] /x:osf] kbf{kmf; cfh oltv]/ ePsf] 5

dnfO{ . s;}n] dfg] klg gdfg] klg . d of]

bz{gsf] lxtlrGts ePsf] 5' . clg ePsf]

5'– kyfnDaL ofofj/ klys of] lrGtgsf], …hxfF

klt–kTgL ldNg'eGbf 7"nf] hLt / ;d""n lxt

;+;f/sf] s'g} s'gfdf x'Fb}g .Ú

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf14

;'gLn k'/L;'gLn k'/L

v/sf] 3/ 5

ufpFsf] a:tLdf

3/sL cfdf

d[To'sf] yf]/} clulNt/

d[To[;Fu} ulkmFb} l5g\ .

ha ;fFem k5{

cfdf nfnl6g aflN5g\

b]lV5g\ cfFvfdf gb]lvg]

b[Zox¿ pHofnf]df

lwelwd cfFvf

nfnl6g l/;fpF5 cfdf;Fu .

nfnl6g Û

wkSs an]sf] 5

d]l6Fb} 5g\ cFWof/f]h:t}

cfdfsf kblrGxx¿ .

nfnl6g cfdfsf] 5]pdf

xfjfsf] no;Fu}

lwk\lwk\ ub}{ an]sf] b]V5'

s]xL 6f9faf6 .

aNbfaNb} t]n ;lsG5

clg–

pm Tof] k/sf] a:tLdf

nfnl6g

cfdf;Fu} lgE5 .

cfdf / nfnl^gcfdf / nfnl^g

sljtf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 15

/fd]Zj/ /fpt dft[bf;/fd]Zj/ /fpt dft[bf;

kfnL efiffsf] hggL ;+:s[t efiff xf] . g]kfnL

efiff dfq x}g, ef/tjif{df ePsf ;Dk"0f{ k|foM

efiffx¿sf] hggL ;+:s[t efiff g} ePsf] tYodf

låljwf 5}g . h:t}–lxGbL, cjlw, d}ynL, ef]hk'/L

cflb efiffsf] dfp klg ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ g}

dflgPsf] kfOG5 .

cfh;Ddsf] cWoog tYofª\sn] g]kfn

;/xbleq !@% d"n hftsf afl;Gbfx¿sf]

a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . tL !@% hftaf6 c¿

xhf/f}F hfltx¿ k|fb'ef{j ePsf 5g\ . oL ;a}

hfltx¿sf] efiff, ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt,

;+:sf/, ;Eotf, Oltxf;, e"uf]n, bz{g, sfg"g

cflbnfO{ cjnDag ug]{ lnlk eg] dfq tLgj6f–

-s_ >Lhª\uf -v_ /~hgf / -u_ b]jgfu/L lnlk

/x]sf 5g\ .

>Lhª\uf lnlk /fO{–lnDa' hfltn] k|of]udf

NofPsf] lnlk xf] . h'g lnlkdf d'Gw'd lnDa"

efiffsf] -j]b_ n]lvPsf] lyof] . of] lnlk cfh

nueu lj:d[ltdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . :jod\ /fO{–

lnDa'x¿n] ;d]t of] lnlknfO{ Jojxf/–k|of]udf

NofPsf] kfOFb}g . To:t} /~hgf lnlksf] xfnt

klg >Lhª\u lnlksf] h:t} 5 . g]kfn efiffn]

cjnDag ub}{ cfPsf], g]jf/ hfltn] k|of]u ug]{

/~hgf lnlk klg Ps lsl;dn] lj:d[ltsf]

ut{df nf]kf]Gd'v 5 .

cfh lxdfnb]lv t/fO{ x'Fb} ljZjsf ljleGg

e"–efudf lj:tfl/t eP/ a;f]af; ub}{ cfO/x]sf

;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf] k|d'v ;Dks{ efiff g]kfnL

j)ff{If/ / lnlkdfly ePsf] xdnf

;fdlosL

g]

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf16

/ o; efiffn] cjnDag ub}{ cfO/x]sf] b]jgfu/L

lnlk g} xfdL ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf] ;fj{ef}d

cl:tTj / dxTj af]w u/fpg] klxrfgsf] ldof]

/ d]?b08 xf] .

of] k[YjLtns} ;jf{lws ;d[4zfnL efiff

;+:s[t xf] . ;+:s[t efiffdf /x]sf ^$ j0f{x¿

g} g]kfnL efiffsf] ;f/ :j¿k xf] . efiffx¿sf]

klg efiff ;Dk"0f{ efiffsf] hggL -dfp_ efiffnfO{

d[tefiff (dead language) eGg] a]OdfgL

/ d"v{tfk"0f{ sfo{ eof] . o;sf] d"n p2]Zo

;+:s[t efiffsf] s'n / d"n ynf]sf] ¿kdf /x]sf]

g]kfn / g]kfnL ;dfhaf6 ;+:s[t efiffnfO{

dfl6ofd]6 agfpg] g} lyof] . Psxb;Dd

efiff3ftL cIoDo ck/fwLx¿ ;kmn klg eP .

dxfgtd ;d[4zfnL ;+:s[t efiffsf] 1fg xfl;n

ug{ kfpg] g};lu{s clwsf/af6 l;ª\uf] g]kfnL

;dfhnfO{ jl~rt agfOof] .

tTkZrft\ ;+:s[t efiffsf] 7fpFdf g]kfnL

efiffn] ;Dk"0f { g]kfnL hg–hgsf] dg–

dlit:sdf lbg–k|ltlbg bla{nf] k|efj kfb}{

cfof] . ;+:s[t efiffdf ePsf j0ff{If/, lnlk

/ ljk'n zAb e08f/ g} g]kfnL efiffsf]

;d[l4, ;DkGgtfsf] d"n k"FhL x'Fb} cfof] /

of] qmd cfh;Dd klg oyfjt\ lg/Gt/tf

sfod 5 . of] l;nl;nf ef]lnsf lbgx¿df

klg sf]xL–s;}n] 6'6fpg, 5'6fpg / k'm6fpg

g;Sg] lglZrt 5 .

g]kfnL efiffsf] ;d[l4sf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf

o;n] k|s[ltk|bQ zAbx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft\ u¥of] .

cGo efiffdf gkfOg] of] a]Un} / ljlzi6 dfu{n]

ubf{ g]kfnL efiff ;'b[9 / ;Dk'i6 aGb} cfof] .

of] ljlzi6 z}nLn] ubf{ :jb]zL Pjd\ ljb]zLx¿

klg g]kfnL efiffk|lt ;Ddf]lxt aGb} cfO/x]sf

5g\ . ;+:s[t efiffdf ePsf zAbx¿ t o;sf]

cleGg s'n / d"n g} eof] .

efiff–dflkmofx¿sf] ;jf{lws 6fpsf]–

b'vfOsf] sf/0f g} oxL ePsf] kfOG5– ;+:s[t

efiffdf ePsf zfnLg, z'4, ;d[4 / lzi6

zAbfjnL / k|s[ltk|bQ nflnToo'Qm ;xh

z}nLn] ubf{ g]kfnL efiffsf] af]w–zlQm tLj|

¿kdf k|efjzfnL eO/Xof] . oxL :j¿knfO{

eTsfpg] b'lift / ljiffQm dgl:ylt af]s]sfx¿

…tT;dÚ / …tb\ejÚsf] xts08f af]s]/ g]kfnL

efiffnfO{ ;+:s[t efiffaf6 PSNofpg], a]UNofpg]

/ 5'6Øfpg] a]OdfgL ug{ yfn] / oxL ljiffQm

p2]Zo / of]hgfsf tfgfjfgf af]s]/ efiff–

dflkmofx¿n] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf g]kfnL efiffdfly

cfqmd0f ul//fv]sf] jf:tljstf lbgsf] 3fde}mF

5n{ª\u 5 .

cfuGt's zAbx¿nfO{ ;xif{ :jLsf/ /

;dflxt ug{ ;Sg] km/flsnf] cfF6 / cfFtn] ubf{

g]kfnL efiffn] cfˆgf] kmfF6 / w/ftnnfO{ Jofks

Pjd\ km/flsnf] agfof] . g]kfn ;/xbleq

a;f]af; ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ hft–hfltx¿n] af]Ng]

/ cjnDag ub}{ cfO/x]sf] ;+:sf/, ;+:s[lt,

/Lltl/jfh, k/Dk/f / ;Eotfo'Qm cleJolQmnfO{

g]kfnL efiffn] ;xif{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ cfof] . h;n]

ubf{ g]kfnL efiff s'g} hft, efiff, k4lt /

k/Dk/fdf dfq ;Lldt ePg .

g]kfnleq a;f]af; ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ hft–

hfltx¿sf nflu g]kfnL efiffn] cfTdLo

k|]d k|fKt u/]s} sf/0f o;sf] ;j{Jofkstf

;xh ePsf] xf] . g]kfnL efiffdf hg–dgsf]

cGtef{j uLt, sljtf, syf, lgaGw, v08sfJo,

dxfsfJo, uhn, d'Qms, gf6s, ;+:d/0f cflb

efjdf l;lh{t / ;+k|]lift x'g yfn] / eO/x]sf

;fdlosL

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 17

5g\ . g]kfnleq dfq geP/ cfh g]kfnL efiff

ljZjsf ljleGg efudf lj:tfl/t eO/x]sf] 5 .

k|s[lt, ;+:s[lt / cfuGt's zAbx¿nfO{ g]kfnL

efiffn] cfˆgf] ;d[l4–;DkGgtfsf] d"n cfwf/

dfg]sfn] o; efiffleq ;a}n] cfˆgf]kg / dg

kNnljt ePsf] dx;'; ul//x]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnL efiffdf ePsf] oxL rf}tkmL{ ;jf]{bonfO{

b]Vg grfxg] k/kL8sx¿n] o;nfO{ l5dNg

cg]sf}F lts8db / cGt/–if8\oGqsf ljiffQm

tfgfjfgf a'Gg yfn] .

-!_ em/f]{jfbsf] axfgfdf g]kfnL efiffnfO{

o;sf] s'n / d"n ;+:s[t efiffaf6

a]UNofpg] eLif0f b'ik|of; ePs} xf] . of]

cleofgn] w]/} jif{;Dd g]kfnL efiffsf

cª\u–k|Toª\udf gª\Uo|fpg], lryf]g]{ /

sf]kg]{ sfd u¥of] .

-@_ To;kl5 cfjf;Lo ljBfno -jf]l8{ª :s"n_

sf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnL efiffsf] dd{, d'6'

/ d]?b08nfO{ vFhfxf kfg{ yflnof] . of]

a]OdfgLk"0f{ eflifs ck/fwdf :jod\ g]kfnL

cg'xf/sf k/rqmLsf bf;x¿ Hofg–k|f0f

5f8]/ nfluk/]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k9fpg], g]kfnL

cleefjsx¿sf] lz/b]lv kfp;Ddsf

cª\u–k|Toª\u lgrf]/]/ z'Ns c;'Ng] /

g]kfnL efiffnfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s l;:gf]kfgL

nufpg] h3Go ck/fw x'Fbf;d]t g]kfnL

;dfh lhDbf] d'bf{h:t} eO/x]sf sf/0f of]

cIfDo ck/fwn] dnsf] d"nfe}mF df}nfpg]

cj;/ lg/Gt/ kfO/x]sf] 5 . h;n] a'e]mgg\,

ltgsf] t s'/} ePg . t/ efiffsf] cl:tTj /

dxTj a'e]msf k|f1, k|f=8f= eP/ oxL efiffsf]

dfWodaf6 cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ cfjZostf

kl/k"lt{ ul//x]sfx¿n] ;d]t g]kfnL

efiffdfly u/]sf] cGofo vkL g;Sg' 5 .

xfdL g]kfnLx¿n] g} g]kfnL efiff / g]kfn

/fi6«sf] ;]jf / ;Ddfg u/]gf}F eg] of] bfloTj

s] jgsf af3–efn'x¿n] k"/f ul/lbG5g\ <

x/]s lhDbf g]kfnLx¿nfO{ ;don] of] k|Zg

bla{nf];Fu ;f]lw/x]sf] 5 .

-#_ …;/n / k|ljlw d}qLÚsf ] cfj/0fdf

g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] k|of]hgxLg

agfpg] 3f]/3df;fg b'ik|of; eO/x]sf]

5 . !) jif{leq ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] g]kfnL

efiffnfO{ k"0f {tM k|of]hgxLg agfpg]

p2]Zosf ;fy efiff–dflkmofx¿ tGdo /

dGdo eP/ nflu/x]sf lyP . efiff–3ftL

zAbsf]zsf] dfWodaf6 g]kfnLx¿dfly

ljiffQm xdnf ePs} xf] . g]kfn sfg"g

Joj;foL efiff ;flxTo k|lti7fg, lqe'jg

ljZjljBfnosf efiffk|]dL k|Wofksx¿,

sfg"g Joj;foL, GofofwLz, slj–n]vs

;flxTosf/x¿ ;a}sf] lgi7fk"0f{ k|of;sf

sf/0f efiff3ftLx¿sf] efiff3ft ug]{

if8oGq Psxb;Dd c;kmn ePsf] 5 .

-$_ blIf0f Pl;ofdf /x]sf /fi6«x¿dWo]

cfˆgf gful/sx¿n] xfn]sf] lkm/fb–

k|ltpQ/nufotsf ph'/Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfO

u/L cfˆg} efiffdf k}m;nf ug]{ / cfkm"n]

bfo/ u/]sf] lkm/fb–k|ltpQ/sf] k}m;nf

cfˆg} efiffdf ug]{ Gofofno g]kfnsf] dfq

xf] . g]kfnafx]ssf cGo ;fs{ /fi6«x¿n]

cfˆgf] g};lu{s eflifs clwsf/nfO{

;w}Fsf nflu u'dfO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .

g]kfn / g]kfnLx¿nfO{ oxL 9'ª\u|fsf]

e'ª\u|f ]df xfn]/ g]kfnLx¿nfO{ ;Dk"0f{

;fdlosL

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf18

¿kn] eflifs clwsf/af6 jl~rt agfpg]

efiff–dflkmofx¿sf] rfnafhLaf6 k|To]s

g]kfnLx¿ rgfvf ] x 'g 'kg] { 68\sf/f ]

clgjfo{tf cToGt h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 .

-%_ hLjg / efiff;Fusf] ;+/rgfTds cfTdLo

;fdLKo cleGg 5 . hLjg s] xf] < eg]/

st}af6 k|Zg cfpFbf x/]sn] cf–cfˆgf]

a'emfO–cg'e"ltsf cfwf/df cf–cfˆgf] ts{

k]z u5{g\ . oyfy{tM …hLjgÚ eg]sf] cfTdf

/ z/L/sf] of]u -cfTdf±z/L/ÖhLjg_

g} xf] . h;/L cfTdf / z/L/sf] ;DaGw

ljR5]b ePkl5 hLjgsf] cl:tTj ;dfKt

x'G5 . To:t} efiffdf klg -j0ff {If/

±lnlkÖefiff_ x'G5 . j0ff{If/ x6fpg',

36fpg' jf s6fpg' eg]sf] efiffnfO{ ;dfKt

kfg]{ uf]Ko / if8\oGqfTds rfnafhL g}

xf] . oxL ;"q k|of]u u/]/ !) jif{leq

g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] k|of]hgxLg

agfpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf efiff3ftLx¿

zAbsf]zdfk{mt g]kfnL efiffsf] ;dflKt

rfxGy] . of] if8\oGqfTds b'ik|of;af6

g]kfnL efiff ar]sf] 5 .

-^_ :yfgcg';f/ zAbsf] pRrf/0f e]b x'G5 .

xfd|f] efiffdf dfq geP/ ;+;f/sf ;a}

efiffx¿df of] lgod nfu" x'G5 . pRrf/0f

e]b x'g' eg]sf] j0ff{If/x¿ x6\g], 36\g]

/ s6\g] x'Fb}g . efiff lj1fgdf sxLF /

s;}n] klg k|of]udf gNofPsf] / gePsf]

cj}1flgs lgod nfu" u/]/, xfd|f] b]zsf

efiff3ftL ck/fwLx¿ g]kfnL efiffdf

ePsf j0ff{If/x¿nfO{ qmdzM 36fP/

cGttM b]jgfu/L lnlknfO{ nf]k u/fpg]

a]OdfgL ul//fv]sf 5g\ .

-&_ Pp6} efiffsf a]Unfa]Un} :yfgdf km/s–

km/s j0ff{If/x¿ k|of]u x'g] x}g . pRrf/0f

e]b eP klg j0ff{If/x¿ ;a}df ;dfg

x'G5g\ . h:t}– cflbslj efg'eQm, df]tL/fd

e§, a8fdxf/fh k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx, uhjL/

/fptsf] kfnfdf pRrf/0f x'g] njh cfh

a]Un} 5 . h:t}– …cfofsf lyof, eofsf

lyof, uofsf lyofÚnfO{ cfh …cfPsf

lyP, uPsf lyP, ePsf lyPÚ elgG5 .

oxfF pRrf/0f e]b eP klg j0ff{If/ /

lnlk km/s 5}g . lhNn}lkR5] pRrf/0f

e]b b]vfP/ j0ff{If/x¿ g} k]m/abn ug]{,

36fpg], s6fpg] / x6fP/ g]kfnL efiffdf

ePsf df}h'bf j0f{x¿nfO{ lj:d[t agfP/

uf]Ko ¿kdf b]jgfu/L lnlknfO{ tLj|

cfqmd0f / 3g3f]/ cGofo eO/fv]sf] 5 .

k/rqmLx¿sf] l/Zjt] /5Øfgdf nf]leP/

cfˆg} efiffsf] 5ftLdf 5'/f w:g] c¿

geP/ g]kfnL cg'xf/s} s'nfª\uf/x¿

g]kfnL efiffsf nflu ;jf{lws vt/gfs

clezfk ;flat ePsf 5g\ .

-*_ o'u ;r]t / hfu?s 5 . s;}n] rfxFb}df

rfx]cg'¿k ;a} x'Fb}g . g]kfnL efiffsf

…j0ff{If/ / lnlk arfpmF cleofgÚ d]rL,

dxLsfnL x'Fb} ljZjsf ljleGg g]kfnL a:tL

/ JolQmx¿df k}mln;s]sf] 5 . efiff3ft

h3Go / cIfDo ck/fw xf] . efiff3ftL

ck/fwLx¿n] cfˆgf ljut eO;s]sf

tL dxfg\ cfTdfx¿nfO{ t8\kfO/fv]sf

x'G5g\, jt{dfgdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg

;Dk"0f{ hLljt g]kfnLx¿sf] d'6', d]?b08

/ lha|f] y'lt/x]sf x'G5g\ eg] hGdg

afFsLx¿sf] eflifs clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t

;fdlosL

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 19

;dfKt kfl//fv]sf x'G5g\ . efiff3fth:tf]

h3Go / cIfDo ck/fw of] k[YjLtndf

csf]{ s'g} klg x'Fb}g / efiff–;]jfh:tf]

dxfgtd sf]6Lxf]dt'No k'0o–sd{ klg

of] k[YjLtndf csf]{ 5}g . efiff–;]jf ug{

kfpg] ;f}efUo g} hLjg / hGdsf] ;fy{stf

xf] .

-(_ efiff ;lsPkl5 dfG5];Fu s]xL afFsL

/xFb}g . efiff /fi6« / ;dfhsf] cl:tTjsf]

d'6' / d]?b08 xf] . /fi6« / dfgj ;dfhnfO{

hufpg], hf]ufpg], p7fpg] / dxfgtfsf]

nIodf pGd'v u/fpg] ;zQm dfwod

eg]s} efiff xf] . efiff g} dfgj–;dfhsf]

;Rrfkg / klxrfgsf] hu / h/f xf] .

g]kfnL efiffsf v'd|f / rdh'd|fx¿n]

…em/f] {jfbÚ, …;/n / k|ljlw d}qLÚkl5

tyfslyt …dWoddfu{Úsf] gSsnL cfj/0f

cf]9]/ e]8fsf] lzsf/ ug{ AjfF;fe}mF g]kfnL

efiffsf] e08f/leq k;]/ v]n]dl8nf] ug]{

t/v/ ax't tfx'/dfx'/sf ;fy ul//x]sf

b]lvG5g\ . of] lgtfGt e|d / eflifs

a]OdfgL xf] . efiffdf h'g tTj x'g'kg]{

xf] ToxL dfq x'G5 . efiffdf pQ/dfu{,

blIf0fdfu{, dWoddfu{h:tf cfwf/xLg

k'mFbfsf] s'g} cy{ / dxTj x'Fb}g .

efiffdf b'O{ tTj– …j0ff{If/ / lnlkÚ

ckl/j{tgLo x'G5g\ . j0ff{If/ x6fpg',

36fpg' / s6fpg' eg]s} lnlknfO{

df:g' xf] . j0ff{If/ x6fPkl5 To; j0f{n]

cjnDag u/]sf] lnlk klg ;dfKt x'G5 .

h:tf]– …`Úsf] 7fpFdf a"9f]– …oÚ k|of]u u/]/

w]/}jif{;Dd …`Úsf] cl:tTjnfO{ ;dfKt

kfg]{ e/dUb'/ k|of; eof] . Jofs/0f /

pRrf/0f b'j} b[li6sf]0fn]– bf`f, af`f,

`xfF, ?k}`f 5f`f, df`f cflb ;Dk"0f{

bli6sf]0fn] ;xL / z'4 5g\ . …`Úsf]

7fpFdf xfdLx¿nfO{ jiff}{+b]lv oxfF, bfofF,

afofF, ?k}`f cflb cz'4nfO[{ g} 7Ls eg]/

k9fOof] . h;n] ubf{ xfd|f] efiffdf ePsf]

uf]?l;ª] …`Ú / o;n] cjnDag u/]sf]

lnlk;d]t jiff}{+b]lv cf]e]mndf kfg]{ sfd

eof] . cfh efiff3ftLx¿n] uf]Ko ¿kdf

…`Ú nf]k u/fPh:t} tfnAo …zÚ, …jÚ /

… F Ú rGb|ljGb'dfly tLj| xdnf s]lGb|t

ul//fv]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL efiffdf cfPsf]

tyfslyt …dWod dfu{Ú eg]sf] oxL xf] .

efiffdf o:tf skf]nslNkt s'g} dfu{sf]

h?/L / cfjZostf 5}g . of] …dWod dfu{Ú

gfds lkzfrLo cleofgsf] 3'dfp/f] /

k|d'v nIo, p2]Zo / rfxgf klg g]kfnL

efiffdf ePsf j0ff{If/x¿ / b]jgfu/L

lnlknfO{ nf]k u/fpg] g} b]lvG5 . g]kfn

/ ljZje/ a;f]af; ug]{ xfdL s'g} klg

g]kfnLn] of] ljiffQm cndnf] …dWod

dfu{ÚnfO{ :jLsf/ / ;dy{g ub}{gf}F . lsgls

g]kfnL efiffdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ j0ff{If/x¿

cfk}mFdf WjgL–lj1fgdf cfwfl/t zfnLg,

z'4, kl/:s[t / lj1fg;Ddt 5g\ .

-!)_ g]kfnL efiffdf ePsf ̂ $ j6f j0f{x¿dWo]

xfn %@ j6f j0ff{If/x¿ k|of]udf 5g\ .

To;df klg bL3{, C, n[ / n[nfO{ yftL

/flvPsf] 5 . g]kfnL efiffn] cjnDag

u/]sf afFsL ;a} j0f{x¿ / b]jgfu/L

lnlk WjgL–lj1fgdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . xfd|f

k/dk'Ho dxfdgf b]jlif{, dxlif{ / /fhlif{

Clifd'lgx¿n] 7"nf] Tofu–tk:of / s7f]/

;fdlosL

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf20

Wofg–;fwgfåf/f k|fKt ePsf] lgrf]8af6

lgM;[t ePsf j0ff{If/x¿ dfgj z/L/df

/x]sf cª\u–k|Toª\ux¿;Fu cGt/;DalGwt

/x]sf 5g\ . oL j0ff{If/x¿nfO{ ;xL 9ª\un]

pRrf/0f / jfSo k|of]u eof] eg] dfgj

z/L/sf cª\u–k|Toª\udf csNkgLo

pmhf{ pTkGg x'g] / ;f]xL pmhf{n] z/L/sf

cª\ux¿ :j:y Pjd\ k|efjzfnL aGb} hfg]

b[9 hgljZjf; /xL cfPsf] 5 .

-!!_ xhf/f}F jif{sf] cEof;, ;fwgf / k|of]u

Pjd\ k/LIf0faf6 z'4, zfnLg, kl/is[t

/ ;Dk'i7 eO;s]sf g]kfnL efiffdf

ePsf j0ff{If/x¿nfO{ /ftf/ft / PsfPs

s] sf/0fn] oL cg]sf} F cj}1flgs /

d"v{tfk"0f{ s[lqd av]8f lems]/ x6fpg],

36fpg] / s6fpg] cfjZostf k¥of] < s]

efiffdf ePsf j0ff{If/x¿ x6fP, 36fP

/ s6fPkl5 efiffsf] ;d[l4 x'G5 <

>[li6s} eflifs Oltxf;df ;jf{lws

;d[4zfnL / ;jf]{Ts[i6 ;+:s[t efiffnfO{

…d[tefiffÚ 3f]if0ff u/fP/ ;+:s[t efiffdf

ePsf s[ltx¿nfO{ dfl6ofd]6 agfPe}mF

…;/n / k|ljlw d}qLÚ, …em/f]{jfbÚ / …dWod

dfu{Úsf] e|ldt cfj/0f cf]9fP/ g]kfnL

efiffnfO{ g]kfnL ;dfhs} nflu k|of]hgxLg

agfpg] lgik§ cGwsf/ / lgs[i6 Pjd\

ljiffQm sf]kefhg xf]– g]kfnL efiffdf

ePsf …j0ff{If/ / b]jgfu/L lnlkÚdflysf]

cfqmd0f . s'g} klg lhDbf g]kfnLx¿sf

nflu efiff3ft :jLsfo{ x'g} ;Sb}g .

efiff3ftLx¿ …h3Go / cIfDo ck/fwLx¿

x'g\ . k/rqmLx¿sf] l/Zjt vfP/ cfˆg}

efiffsf] 5ftLdf lgd{dtfk"j{s 5'/f w:g]

ck/fwLx¿n] Ps;fy tLg lsl;dsf

cIfDo / h3Go ck/fw ul//fv]sf 5g\ .

-c_ cfˆgf ljut eO;s]sf tL dxfg \

k"j{hx¿n] cfˆgf] hLjg sfnel/ u/]sf]

Tofu, tk:of / ;fwgfåf/f l;h{gf ePsf

/rgfTds sfo{x¿nfO{ Psd'i6 ¿kdf

unt / cz'4 ;flat u/fP/ s[lqd 9ª\un]

lj:yfkg .

-cf_ jt{dfgdf hLljt /x]sf :jb]z Pjd\

ljb]zdf a;f]af; ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf]

eflifs ;fj{ef}d cl:tTjnfO{ efiff3ftLx¿n]

;dfKt kf/]/, eflifs PstfnfO{ tx;gx;

kf/]/ ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg g]kfn /fi6«sf]

d'6' / d]?b08 lgsfNg] gsfd u/]sf x'g\ .

efiff, ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt x/]s /fi6«sf]

cl:tTj;Fu cleGg / cljl5Gg ¿kdf

ufFl;Psf tTjx¿ x'g\ . oL ;a} ljwfsf]

k|ToIf ;DaGw efiff;Fu ufFl;Psf] x'G5 .

efiffsf] k|f0f j0ff{If/ / lnlk;Fu hf]l8Psf]

x'G5 .

-O_ efiff3ftL ck/fwLx¿af6 x'g] csf] {

cIfDo / h3Go ck/fw eg]sf] hGdg

afFsL efjL eljiosf s0ff{wf/x¿sf]

eflifs clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t ;dfKt kf/]sf

x'G5g\ . cGo ck/fwLx¿nfO{ P]g, sfg"g

jf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/]/ zf;sx¿n]

5'6 / Ifdf lbg ;S5g\ . t/ efiff3ftL

ck/fwLx¿nfO{ ;don] cfˆgf] s73/fdf

pEofP/ clgjfo{tMbl08t u/]/} 5f8\g]5 .

-!@_ …j0ff{If/ / b]jgfu/L lnlkÚnfO{ uf]Ko

¿kdf ;dfKt kfg{ tof/ / nfu" ul/Psf

…o'lgsf]8Ú csf]{ vt/gfs a]OdfgLk"0f{

3ft xf] . xfdL …o'lgsf]8Úsf j}/L / lj/f]wL

;fdlosL

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 21

x}gf}F . t/ o;nfO{ axfgf agfP/ g]kfnL

efiffdf df}h'bf ePsf …PsnÚ / …;+o'QmÚ

j0ff{If/x¿nfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ / o;s}

dfWodaf6 b]jgfu/L lnlkdf ar]sf

j0ff{If/x¿dfly k|xf/ ug]{ ;+oGq ckgfOPsf]

5 . of] Pp6f d]lzg xf] . sflGtk'/, dª\un,

k|Llt, sflndf6Lnufotsf kmG6x¿n] g]kfnL

efiffdf ePsf ;a} j0ff{If/x¿ :jLsf/ u/]/

z'4 zAb lbPh:t} …o'lgsf]8Ún] lsg lbFb}g

< s;}n] 9fF6–5n ug}{ kb}{g, o'lgsf]8df

xfd|f] efiffdf ePsf ;a} j0ff{If/x¿

/flvPsf 5}gg\ . cGo kmG6x¿df h:t}

o'lgsf]8 klg b]jgfu/L lnlkn] cjnDag

u/]sf …PsnÚ / …;+o'QmÚ j0ff{If/x¿ ;a}nfO{

;dfj]z u/]sf v08df o'lgsf]8;Fu

xfd|f] s'g} lj/f]w / ljdlt /xg]5}g . t/

…o'lgsf]8ÚnfO{ b]vfP/ uf]Ko ¿kdf g]kfnL

efiffdf ePsf …j0ff{If/Ú / …b]jgfu/L

lnlkÚ vfg] b'lg{otnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf

:jLsf/ / ;dy{g x'Fb}g . g]kfnL efiff

xfd|f] d'6', d]?b08 / k|f0f xf] . sfnfGt/df

;+;f/ Pp6} /fi6« eP5 eg] klg xfdL

g]kfnLx¿nfO{ g]kfnL efiff rflxG5 .

sf]xL–s;}sf] a]OdfgLk"0f{ :jfy{ ;FfWg xfdL

xfd|f] k|f0flk|o g]kfnL efiffdfly ePsf]

;fª\3flts xdnf ;xb}gf}F . xfdL g]kfnLx¿

;+;f/sf] s'g} klg efiff, ;flxTo, snf,

;+:s[lt, ;Eotf, /Lltl/jfh / k/Dk/fsf

j}/L / lj/f]wL x}gf}F / 5}gf}F . ;a}sf] lxt

xf];\ eGg] sNof0fsf/L efjgfsf xfdL

g]kfnLx¿sf] efiffdfly csf/0f cGofok"0f{

lyrf]ldrf] / cTofrf/ xfd|f nflu dfGo

/ :jLsfo{ 5}g . c¿nfO{ cfˆgf] /fi6«sf],

efiff, ;+:s[lt / ;Eotfsf] k|]d ePe}mF

xfdL g]kfnLx¿nfO{ klg xfd|f] /fi6«, efiff,

;flxTo, snf, ;+:sf/ / ;:s[ltsf] k|]d /

cufw ;DdfgfTds efjgf 5 .

-!#_ ljleGg axgf / xts08f ckgfP/

>[li6 :yfkgf–sfnb]lv g} ;d[4zfnL

efiffx¿sf] klg efiff– ;+:s[t efiffnfO{

g]kfnL hghLjgaf6 lj:yflkt u/fPkl5

g]kfnL efiffnfO{ g]kfnL ;dfhn] cfTd;ft\

u¥of] . g]kfnL efiffsf] s'n / d"n ynf]

;+:s[t g} xf] . o;n] ;:s[t, k|fs[t

/ cfuGt's efiffsf zAbx¿nfO{ ;xif{

cfTd;ft\ u¥of] . To;df klg ;+:s[t efiff

g]kfnL efiffsf] s'n, d"n / hggL efiff

ePsfn] o;af6 ;jf{lws k|efljt x'g'

:jfefljs} xf] . ;+:s[t efiffaf6 g]kfnL

efiffnfO{ PSNofpg], a]UNofpg] clek|foaf6

tyfslyt …em/f]{jfbÚsf] efO/; g]kfndf

k|j]z u/fP/ efiffdf cndNofpg] /

;+:s[t efiffaf6 g]kfnL efiffnfO{ PSNofpg]

a]OdfgLk"0f{ snd'G6] k|of;sf] sf]sf]xf]nf]

cfh 5n{ª\u ePsf] 5 .

-!$_ g ]kfnL efiffdf ePsf j0ff {If/x¿

b]jgfu/L lnlk s'g} hft–ljz]ifsf] dfq

geP ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf] ;DaGw–;]t' xf] .

o;nfO{ hf]ufpg], hufpg] / ;d[4zfnL

agfpg] bfloTj / lhDd]jf/L xfdL ;Dk"0f{

g]kfnLx¿sf] ;femf st{Jo g} xf] . efiffdf

cgfjZos åGb, slrª\un / cfwf/xLg

jfbljjfbsf av]8fsf] s'g} cf}lrTo

5}g .

-!%_ efiffdf s'g} klg JolQm ljb\, lj1 /

ljz]if1 x'Fb}g, ;a} JolQm k|of]Qmf dfq

;fdlosL

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf22

x'g\ . ljb\, lj1 / ljz]if1 x'gsf nflu

s'g} g s'g} g`f cfljisf/ u/]sf] JolQm

x'g} kb{5 . Tof] cljisf/sf] hLjGt /

HjnGt k|df0flagf sf]xL s;}n] ljb\ /

ljz]if1sf] ku/L u'FY5 eg] Tof] e|d /

lst]{–hfn;fhLk"0f{ pkflwafx]s c¿ s]xL

x}g . efiff–dflkmofx¿sf] a]OdfgL cfh

lbgsf] 3fde}mF 5n{ª\u eO;s]sf] 5 .

o;sf] Ps dfq nIo / p2]Zo eg]sf]

g]kfnL efiffdf ePsf :j/j0f{, Johgj0f{

Psn j0f{ / ;+o'Qm j0f{x¿nfO{ x6fpg],

36fpg], s6fpg] / j0ff{If/;Fu} b]jgfu/L

lnlknfO{ g]kfnL hgdfg;af6 ;w}Fsf nflu

nf]k u/fpg] xf] .

-!^_ g]kfnL efiffnfO{ uDeL/ 3ft ug]{ p2]Zo /

of]hgfdf cfPsf] …ODaf]i8 gDa/ Kn]6Ú xfdL

;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿sf nflu Hofb} ljiffQm

of]hgf xf] . o;nfO{ ;Ddflgt ;jf]{Rr

cbfntn] ldlt @)&$ ;fn kmfu'g !)

ut] nfu" gug"{–gu/fpg" eGg] pTk|]if0fo'Qm

k/dfb]z hf/L u/]sf] 5 . ;Ddflgt ;jf]{Rr

cbfntk|lt xfdL ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿n]

s[t1tf k|s6 ug}{ kb{5 . o;k|lt g]kfn

sfg"g Joj;foL efiff ;flxTo k|lti7fgn]

v]n]sf] e"ldsf / /L6 lgj]bs e/t

a:g]tsf] of]ubfg eflifs Oltxf;df ;w}F

pRr :yfgdf /lx/xg] 5 .

o;n] g]kfnL efiffdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ^$

j6} j0ff{If/x¿ / b]jgfu/L lnlkdf cfwfl/t

cª\sx¿nfO{ Ps;fy ;dfKt kfg]{ p2]Zo /

of]hgf /fv]sf] lyof] . of] ljiffQm of]hgfk|lt

;dod} ;r]t / hfu?s gePsf] eP xfdL

g]kfnLx¿n] xfd|} b]zleq xfd|f] efiffdf ePsf

Kof/f j0ff{If/x¿ / b]jgfu/L lnlkdf cfwfl/t

/x]sf cª\sx¿ b]Vg kfpg] lyPgf}F . of] vt/f

ce}m 6l/;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg–@)&@

n] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] eflifs / x/]s g]kfnLn] k|fKt

u/]sf] uf]kgLotfsf] df}lns xsnfO{ g} ;dfKt

kfg{ NofOPsf] cToGt ljiffQm / vt/gfs …

O{Daf]i8 gDa/ Kn]6Úsf] k|d'v nIo g]kfnLx¿nfO{

g]kfnleq} :yfgxb u/]/ pgLx¿sf] rn–crn

;DklQ jf:tljs clwsf/Lsf] cg'dlt g}

glnO{sg} hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ rfxg]x¿sf]

p2]Zo k"/f u/fpg] lyof] .

xfdL ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx¿n] cfˆgf] efiff,

;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt / ;Eotfsf] ;]jf, ;'/Iff

/ ;Ddfg u/]gf}F eg] jgsf r/fr'?ª\uL, hgfj/

Pjd\ cGo b]zn] arfOlbg] x}g . ;Dk"0f{ ;r]t /

lzlIft g]kfnLx¿ hfu[t eof}F eg] xfd|f] efiffsf]

zfv / ;Tj cjZod]o of] k[YjLtndf ;w}F

/lx/xg]5 . lsgls b]jgfu/L lnlkdf cfwfl/t

/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ̂ $ j6} j0ff{If/x¿ Wjlg lj1fgdf

cfwfl/t k|s[lt;Ddt 5g\ .

g]kfnL efiffsf] s'n / d"n ;+:s[t efiffaf6

g]kfnL efiffsf] ;DaGwnfO{ 6'6fpg] / cfuGt's

zAb ;|f]tnfO{ ckdflgt u/]/ g]kfnL efiff /

hgdfg;af6 laRSofpg] . efiff–dflkmofx¿n]

ckgfPsf] of] efiff3ftL ck/fwsf] el/of

c¿ x}g, :jod\ g]kfnLx¿ g} ePsfn] ;Dk"0f{

;r]t g]kfnLx¿df hfu[lt clgjfo{ 5 . ;r]t

g]kfnLx¿ hfUof}F eg] oL cfˆg} efiffsf] 5ftLdf

5'/f w;]/ k/rqLmx¿sf] l/Zjtdf /dfpg] lhDbf

nfzx¿sf] cl:tTj / dxTj pgLx¿s} s'sd{n]

;dfKt x'g] lglZrt 5 . ho j0ff{If/ Û ho

b]jgfu/L lnlk ÛÛ

;fdlosL

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 23

nlnt yfd]nlnt yfd]

p8]sf] w"nf], Kof;L df6f],

;nn lehfpFb} aUb5 vf]nf

d'7L vf]n]/ lbP yf]/},

s;}nfO{ w]/} xf]nf Û

pxL 5 cfzf, s]xL cf8–e/f];f,

p;sf] lg hLjg–rf]nf,

kfP lg yf]/} p;nfO{ w]/} xf]nf Û

k'uL cUnf 7"nf lxdfn 5f]P lg a];} xf]nf,

dfG5]n] dfG5]sf] Åbosf] prfO

5f]Phlt gxf]nf Û

wg 7"nf], lbn sltslt 7"nf],

of] zfg–;f}st s]xLl5gsf] xf] d]nf],

lbP/ x]/ xif{sf] cfF;' ,

dfG5]sf] d'xf/df au]sf] 7"nf] Û

d'&L vf]n]/ lbPd'&L vf]n]/ lbP

sljtf

rl/q Pp6f ;]tf] sfuh xf], o;df bfu nfu]kl5 d]l6g ufx|f] x'G5 .— hd{g pvfg

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf24

k|f=8f= v]d bfxfnk|f=8f= v]d bfxfn

/De /De

lrGtgdf 8'a]/ ts{sf ] ann] cfˆgf

egfOx¿ kf7snfO{ ?Rg], kRg] / ;f] s'/f

xf] eGg] kf/]/ 5f]8\g] n]v g} lgaGw xf] .

o;nfO{ g]kfnL ;flxTodf dfWolds sfnsf

zDe'k|;fb 9'ª\u]n -;+ !($%–!(*^_ n] lgs}

dnhn u/]sf lyP . To;eGbf cufl8 klg

n]vx¿ n]lvPsf lyP, cfˆgf ljrf/nfO{

ef/bf/sf cufl8 ;+k|]if0f ub}{ k[YjLgf/fo0f

zfxaf6 …lbJof ]kb]zÚ -!*#!_ n]vfOPsf]

lyof] . To;eGbf cufl8sf /rgfdf klg

lgaGwsf nIf0f /x]sf] k|df0f O{Zj/ a/fnsf]

lgaGw–;ª\u|x …;okqLÚ -@)!#_ n] lnG5 /

To:t} s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfg -!(*@–@)^&_ sf]

lrGtgk|wfg lgaGw–;ª\u+xn] s[i)frGb|l;+xsf

lgaGw -@)&$_ gfd kfP/ xftdf cfPsf]

5 . of ] cfsf/n] ;–;fgf ] k':tsdf !^

j6f lgaGwsf kf7 5g\ . Pp6f nfdf ]

e"ldsf 8f=uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{af6 ;Dkfbssf]

e"ldsfdf cfPsf] 5 .

k|wfg cf}krfl/s lzIfflagf klg To:tf]

prfOdf k'u]/, lzIffsf If]qdf pRr l8u|L

xfl;n u/]sf] ;fwsnfO{ klg r'gf}lt lbP/

g]kfnL ;flxTo / k|fl1s k|zf;gdf cAan

e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ k|ltefdf pleg'ePsf] lrgf/L

8f=e§/fO{sf] e"ldsfdf pNn]v x'g cfPsf] 5 .

lj=;+= @)%^ b]lv @)^^ df n]lvPsf lgaGwx¿

o; s[ltsf k|f0f x'g\ .

s[i)frGb| l;+xsf lgaGwM …;dor]tsf]

pbfx/)fÚ

;dfnf]rgf

k|f

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 25

ljifok|j]z ljifok|j]z

k |wfgsf ] s [i)frGb | l; +xsf lgaGwdf

klxnf] lgaGw zLif{s …cfpm xfdL ck/fw

u/f}FÚ /x]sf] 5 . 5f]6f–5f]6f @# cg'R5]bdf

;d]l6Psf] o; lgaGwn] g]kfnL lgaGwsf]

n]vg 9fFrfdf b]lvPsf af}l¢s lrGtgk|wfg

pkwf/nfO{ k5ØfPsf] 5 . xf:o–Joª\Uo 9fFrf,

sljtfdo 9fFrf, k|aGwfTds k/Dk/fut

9f Frf, k|ultr]tk|wfg 9f Frf, ;+:d/0fsf ]

9fFrf, lgofqfsf] 9fFrfh:t} pRr af}l¢s /

cfnf]rgfTds z}nL cjnDag ul/Psf] Pp6f

;zQm 9fFrf lgaGwsf] Oltxf;df ;hLj ¿kdf

cfO/x]sf] 5 . o:t} 9fFrfaf6 lgaGw–n]vgdf

afns[i0f ;dn] o;nfO{ hLjg lbPsf lyP .

oxfF k|wfgn] k|ultjfbL r]tnfO{ ld;fpFb} /

af}l¢s lrGtg ub}{ ;"lQmx¿ eb}{, lxhf]h:t}

cfh klg eofjx l:ylt hgtfsf cufl8

km:6fO/x]sf] b]vfpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . xfdLn]

k'vf{sf] hLjgL si6s/ b]v]e}mF, jt{dfg /

eljio si6s/ 5g\, z/0ffyL{ kL8fdf xfdL

5f} F . alnofdfly k|xf/ ub} { sdhf]/dfly

;xfg'e"lt k|s6 ug]{ l;nl;nfdf oL ;"lQmdo

jfSox¿ cfPsf 5g\ . o;df jL/ aneb|

s'Fj/ / k|ultjfbL slj uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfnsf

ljrf/nfO{ cfk"mdf ;dflxt ul/Psf] cj:yf

emNsG5 .

k|wfgsf] csf]{ lgaGw …eljioljxLg jt{dfg,

dfG5] / p;sf] :k];Údf sjloqL s]z/L ah|frfo{

/ pgsf] sljtf–;ª\u|x …jt{dfg vf]lh/x]5'ÚnfO{

k|f/Dedf ;Demgf ul/Psf] 5 . xfd|f] ljute}mF

jt{dfg klg ;'vk"0f{ 5}g, lxhf] h;/L xfd|f]

;dfhn] ;s; ef]u]sf] xf], ef]ln klg To:t} si6

x'g] cg'dfg ul/G5 . lxhf] xfd|f] k'vf{n] hLjg

pT;u{ u/]sf lyP, cfh ;dfhn] :jtGqtf

pT;u{ ub}{ 5, ef]lnsf] eljiot\df hGdg]

;Gtfgn] klg oxL lgolt ef]Ug]5g\ . lxhf]sf

k|tLsx¿– /fhf / pgsf] zf;g, /f0ff / ltgsf]

zf;g, k~rfot / To;sf] zf;g, ax'bn

/ dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/sf] cftª\s pbfx/0f

x'g\ . h;af6 hgtfsf] 3/b}nf] ;'vsf] ePg .

xfdL slt b]z gx'g] e'6fgL g]kfnL 5f}F, b]z

gx'g]sf] eljio klg x'Fb}g eGg]df of] lgaGw

cl8Psf] 5 . b]z eg]sf] ;Ldfgdf ;Lldt

ePkl5 dflg;n] b]z u'dfpF5, Totfaf6 ptf

nv]l6P/ hfg'k5{–cfh /f]lxª\Uof d';ndfgx¿

adf{af6 e]8fafv|fe}mF wkfOFb} 5g\, e'6fgaf6

lxhf] g]kfnL d"nsf gful/s wkfOPe}mF eO/x]sf]

5 . g]kfnleq of] /fHo lnDa'jfg, of] /fHo

tfD;flnª / of] /fHo du/fFt ePsf] h:tf]

5 . To;f] ePdf cNk;ª\Vos hgtfn] ;f:tL

v]Kg'kg]{5 . o; lgaGwdf o:tf sdhf]/L

ef]lu/x]sf gful/sdfly uDeL/ ;xfg'e"lt k|s6

ul/G5 . csf]{ lgaGw …u7]dª\un cfFvf /

;flns e~hgÚdf /fhg}lts kl/jt{gx¿,

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg 36gfx¿ cfnf]lrt 5g\ .

Pp6f ;Qfn] xf/ vfG5, csf]{ ;Qfn] k|j]z

kfpF5, To;kl5 ;+:sf/ / k|tLsdfly xdnf

;dfnf]rgf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf26

z'¿ ul/G5 . oxfF lgs} /fd|f d"lt{ / ;flns

tf]8\g] ds'{§fx¿ xtf}8L rnfpFb} lyP / efg'eQm,

df]tL/fd, dx]Gb|h:tf k"j{ k|tLssf ;flns tf]8\b}

lyP . of] clt ;+j]bgzLn ljifon] dw]zLx¿sf

c;Gtf]ifx¿ k'm6]sf ;Gbe{dfly klg ;xfg'e"lt

u5{ . ;flns tf]8\g] u7]dª\unx¿dfk{mt d¥of]

egL 7flgPsf] gk'ª\zstf ¿k k]m/]/ pbfpFb}

u/]sf] b]lvG5 . slj, snfsf/, ;flxTosf/,

/fli6«o lje"ltx¿ s'g} hft, wd{, ;Dk|bfodf

afFlwPsf x'Fb}gg\ . o; zfZjt ;TonfO{ xfdLn]

a'‰g'k5{ . afns[i0f ;dn] …cfuf] / kfgLÚ

v08sfJodf wd{sf To:t} k|0f]tf;Fu;Fu} wd{

d/]sf] cleJolQm lbPsf 5g\ .

…xltof/sf] k|ZgÚh:tf lgaGwx¿ 5g\, h;df

xltof/sf] xf]8afhLn] ;dLIffsf] ljifo aGg

kfPsf] 5 . h'g e"ldaf6 x]bf{ klg wd{ / hftsf

gfddf xltof/x¿ rnfOPsf 5g\ . o;df

P]ltxfl;s pkdfx¿ 5g\ . t}d'/nª, hfa]b

Osafnsf] ;do km/s xf], sfddf s]6fs]6Lsf]

6fpsf] sf6]/ dfnf nufpg] k|j[lQ Pp6} xf] .

lxhf] ;–;fgf lyP xf]nf, cfh ¿k k]m/]/ ljs/fn

ag]sf adx¿ dfG5]sf cfljisf/ cfˆg} hfltsf

lj/f]wdf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL qmflGtsf/Ln] xltof/

la;fpFbf p;nfO{ ePsf] zª\sf w/ftnLo cy{

xf] . xltof/ la;fPsf o:tf ;d"xdf cfh

klg Tof] hGdhft rl/q n'ls/x]sf] ;dLIff

o; lgaGwdf ul/Psf] 5 . lk|obzL{ czf]se}mF

aGg ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL tof/ xf]nfg\ / Û o;

lgaGwdf @)^) b]lv @)^# sf] ;dosf] ljDa

sf]l/Psf] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .

csf]{ lgaGw …dfG5]lagfsf] b]zÚdf g]kfnsf]

Oltxf; k|tLsfTds ¿kdf sf]l/Psf] 5, Ps

;dodf af]Ng 8/fP/ vf;v'; ug]{ g]kfnLx¿

@)^) kl5sf] bzsdf s;};Fu 8/fPsf

5}gg\ . sf]xL dhb'/ eP/, sf]xL ls;fg eP,

sf]xL sd{rf/L eP/, sf]xL Jofkf/L eP/

nfda¢ ;8s hfd ub}{ cfd/0f cgzg ug{

;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . sf]xL dflg; xf]Ogg\, ;a}

qmflGtsf/L x'g\ . lxhf] /fhgLltdf gb]lvPsf

cg'xf/x¿ cfˆgf] dfu k"/f u/fpg ;8sdf

cfGbf]ng ub}{ 5g\ . o; egfOdf cl8P/

;'Gb/ zAb / pvfg k|of]u u/]/ n]lvPsf]

…dfG5]lagfsf] b]zÚn] Jofs/0fnfO{ ufnL u5{ .

lsgeg] tF, ltdL, tkfO{Fh:tf ;j{gfd x'g'

ju{–ju{ ePsf] nIf0f xf] . o:tf] ;/sf/lj/f]wL

sfd ug{ 3fd, kfgL, hf8f], udL{ s]xL elgPsf]

5}g . æPp6fsf] 8/n] csf]{ d[To';Fu nfKkf

v]Ng] ;fxl;stfnfO{ o;n] ;Daf]wg u5{Æ

eGg] jfSo dfld{s 5 . cfˆgf] k]zf dnf{ eGg]

8/n] 8fS6/x¿ cfd/0f cgzg ub}{ 5g\ .

k|wfgsf] csf]{ lgaGw– …b]z x/fpFb} uPsf] ofd,

8fo:kf]/fx¿sf] a:tLÚ nfdf] lgaGwdf b]zsf]

lrGtf ul/G5 . sdndl0f lblIftaf6 ;+/lIft

klqsf …g]kfnL q}dfl;sÚ;Fu lgaGwsf/sf]

gftf ufFl;Psf], To;;Fusf] gftfaf6 dbg

k'/:sf/ k|fKt If0f, dg'{–afFRg'sf] l:yltdf

g]kfnL hgtfe}mF @)) cf}F cª\s k'u]sf] v'zLleq

g]kfnsf] hgzlQm knfog eP/ uPsf] b'Mvb\

cj:yfdfly lrGtg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnLn]

8fo:kf]l/s kL8f :jb]z / ljb]zdf ef]lu/x]sf]

l:ylt 5 . oxfF tl/P/ a;]sf, :jb]z / ljb]zdf

a:g] g]kfnLdfly hGde"ld 5f]8\g'kg]{ afWotfsf]

clxn]sf] 8fo:kf]l/sdf uDeL/ ljifo aGb}

5 . …q}dfl;s g]kfnLÚ klqsf P]ltxfl;stf,

zf]w, ;dLIfsLo /rgfx¿, l;h{gfTdstf

cflb km/s–km/s pkljwf ;d]6]/ afFRb} 5 .

;dfnf]rgf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 27

o;nfO{ cg';Gw]o / ;ª\u|x0fLo dfGg ;lsG5

egL k|z+;f ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

k|wfgsf] csf]{ lgaGw …lhGbuLsf] vf]hL

cy{ / kl/efiffÚn] k"jf]{Qm a]/f]huf/L, ljb]z

knfog, :jb]zsf] df]xdf 8fo:kf]l/s r]t /

cfly{s sdfOdfly uDeL/ ;dLIff /]ld6ØfG;sf]

cfnf]rgfTds JofVof u/]sf] kfOG5 . lgo'lQm–

kq, cf}ifwL, tf/]vk'hL{sf] ;do tf]lsPsf]

x'G5, To;kl5sf] ;dodf pQm cf}ifwLn] sfd}

ub}{g, To:t} …Tofu u/]/ afFRg l;sÚ h:tf

Znf]sx¿ clxn] ldlt u'lh|Psf cf}ifwLe}mF

ePsf b]vfpg] lgaGw …cFWof/f] klg pHofnf]

nfU5Ú xf] . cGwsf/af6 pHofnf]lt/ hfg]

lbg cfP, pHofnf]af6 cGwsf/lt/ pN6fOof] .

;"qx¿ ePsf] lgaGwdf æ;Gtf]if dfg]/ eljio

u'dfpg]x¿sf] ;kgf x'Fb}gÆ elgPsf] 5 . x/]s

s'/fnfO{ pN6f]–;'N6f] k9\g] o'udf xfdL 5f}F eGg]

ts{ ;Toe}mF nfUb} 5 . ;dosf] r]taf6 k|efljt

n]vsn] b]v]sf lj;ª\ultdf of] lgaGw ;dLIff

ub}{ 5 . b]zleq lnDa'jfg, du/ft, tfD;flnª

dflu/x]sfx¿ kl/eflift 5g\ . cFWof/f]nfO{

pHofnf] 7fg]/ kl9/x]sf lgaGwsf/ ;do–r]tdf

cufl8 5g\ .

nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] k+= n]vgfy kf}8Øfnsf

ljifodf lgaGw n]v]e}mF k|wfgn] gf6ssf/

ljlnod z]S;lko/nfO{ :d/0fdf lnP/ lgaGw

n]Vbf …z]S;lko/, xfdL / ;flnsx¿Ú zLif{s

lbPsf 5g\ . o; k|;ª\unfO{ ;+jfbe}mF l;h{gf

u/]/, ;flnssf cufl8 pkl:yt eP/ d"lt{;Fu

aft dfb}{ dgf]/~hg h:t} nfUg] u/]/ n]lvPsf]

lgaGwn] ;|i6fx¿ O{Zj/ x'g\, pgsf eQmx¿

xfdL kf7s ;a} xf}F eGb} 5 . ;+jfbaf6 ul/Psf

s'/fsf ljifo ;fx|} ;do;fdlos x'g', ;do /

dfGotf ablnPsf] kfOg' Pp6f aflx/L cfj/0f

xf] . xfd|f] kz'kltgfysf jl/kl/sf] eL8eGbf

z]S;lko/sf ;flnssf j/k/sf] 3'OFrf] sd

gx'g' ;flxTosf/dflysf] c;Ld >¢f xf] .

of] ;Demgf :6«]6kmf]8{sf] xf] . xfd|f /fli6«o

lje"ltx¿sf ;flns / pgn] k|of]u u/]sf

;fdu|L x/fpg', cnkq x'g' b'Mvsf] ljifo xf] .

k|wfgsf] lgaGw …prfOsf] cfˆg} b]z x'G5Údf

prfOsf] ljifon] ;dLIff kfpF5 . ;u/dfyfsf]

prfO;Fu hfkfgsf ] kj{t k'mlhofdfsf ]

t'ngfTds cWoog ul/G5, prfO b'O{ k|sf/sf

x'g]Ù Pp6f lkmtfn] gfKg ldNg] / csf]{ dg,

ljrf/, a'l¢ / ljj]sn] gflkg] x'Fbf /x]5g\ .

h;n] sLlt{dfg sfod u/] tL b]zsf prfO

x'G5g\, h:t}– kj{t–cf/f]xL nfSkf z]kf{, dxfslj

b]jsf]6f, ef/f]Qf]ngsf ljh]tf sdn clwsf/L

;a} g]kfnsf prfO gfKg] lkmtf x'g\ . dflg;n]

/fd|f sNkgf ub}{ nfG5, To;sf] cfk"lt{sf nflu

pu|¿k wf/0f ub}{ z}tfg;Dd aGg ;S5 eGg]

pbfx/0f– …;'Gb/ ;kgf, s'¿k dflg;x¿Ú

lgaGwdf kl9g]5 . Oltxf;sf] ;hLj ljDa,

hgtf / ;/sf/sf aLrsf] le8Gt– …b]zn]

xfdLnfO{ s] lbof] <Ú lgaGwdf kl9g]5 .

:jfledfg / dof{bfsf kIfkftL, xLgtf–

af]waf6 6f9f /x]sf, /fd|/L glrGg]x¿n]

3d08L 7fg]sf, w]/}n] e|djz lrg]sf, /f]lanf]

-k|efjzfnL_ JolQmTjsf b]lvg], k|1f–k|lti7fgsf

s'nklt, Ifo/f]usf la/fdL, pkrf/ ef]kfndf

u/fP/ kmls{Psf, /fhf dx]Gb|l;t klg ;f]e}m

af]Ng ;Sg], cfˆgf] jrgsf nflu Hofg ;'Dkg

tof/ slj s]bf/dfg …JolytÚsf af/]sf] lgaGw

nfdf] eP klg /f]rs nfUg]5 . c;n eP/

afFRg], dg}b]lv 8/fpg] ;fwf/0f dflg;nfO{

;dfnf]rgf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf28

s]Gb|df kfb}{ ljb]z uPsf ;Gtfg / cnkq

a"9fa"9Lsf ljifodf kZrfQfk u/L n]lvPsf]

lgaGw– …afFRg' eg]sf] gdg'{ xf]OgÚ klg Ps xf] .

cfˆgf] k|ultsf] ;"q ;hfOPsf], cf}krfl/s lzIff

cfh{g ug{ g;lsPsf] / cgf}krfl/s lzIffaf6

JolQmTj p7fg ubf{ ef]u]sf b'Mv / lxF8]sf

psfnfx¿– …ljutsf uNnLuN5]F8f x'Fb}Ú lgaGwdf

;d]l6G5g\ . ;flxTo ;+:yfdf clkm; ;]qm]6/L,

…k|1fÚ klqsfsf k|aGw ;Dkfbs, /fd|f slj,

g/fd|f] s'ntsf cg'ofoL cf;fd] slj xl/eQm

s6'jfnn] g]kfndf kfPsf] b'Mv / pg;Fusf

;+:d/0fx¿– …slj xl/eQmnfO{ ;DemFb}Údf

kl9g]5 . pgsf] c:tJo:t hLjgsf] Ps kf6f]

k|sfz ul/Psf] 5, h;n] kf7snfO{ /S;L gvfg

cfu|x klg u5{ . oL dflysf lgaGwx¿ !^ j6f

5g\, h;n] ;dosf] ghLs eP/ cfnf]rgfTds

ljZn]if0f ug{ ;s]sf] cg'ej x'G5 .

efiffut ;d[l¢ efiffut ;d[l¢

k|wfgnfO{ ;dfnf]rs / lgaGwsf/sf

¿kdf g]kfnL ;flxTosf kf7sn] lrG5g\ .

pgsf …;flnsÚ -@)@^_, …cgfd ;ToÚ -@)$^_,

…kfOnf cfutdf 6]s]/Ú -@)$&_, …afUdtLsf]

x/sÚ -@)%&_ h:tf lgaGw–;ª\u|xn] efiffut

k[ystf lbg ;s]sf 5g\ . pgsf] n]vfOdf

;/ntfleq uxgtf x'G5, gofF geP klg

k|rngdf gcfPsf zAb v]N5g\ . gfd zAbnfO{

lqmofkbdf ¿kfGt/0f ;lhnf] u/L ul/Psf]

x'G5 . ;"lQmdo jfSodf Pp6f rds x'G5,

sdhf]/Ldf a'9ØfOFn] k|z:t x:tIf]k u5{ /

ToxL 8fo:kf]l/s r]t, ToxL a"9fa"9Lsf] b'Mv,

ToxL dGqLaf6 x'g] e|i6frf/ x/]s lgaGwsf

cltly eP/ cfpF5g\ . o:tf] eP klg ;"lQmn]

el/Psf jfSo 5g\, h:t}–

– æeujfg\ e]l6Pnfg\ t/ lhGbuL k]mnf kb}{gÆ,

– æhLjg klg d[To'ljxLg l;h{gf xf]OgÆ,

– æ;kgf afF8\g] gu/]sf] eP klg c/fhs

x'Fb}gYof]Æ,

– ædflg; lgof{t ug]{ cg'dlt lbG5 ;/sf/Æ,

– æxfdL ;kgf l6Kg] cleofgdf ;}tfg

eOlbG5f}+Æ,

– æxfdL Psn] csf]{nfO{ tflnafgL 7fG5f}FÆ,

– æef]ln h] ug]{ eG5f}F, Tof] cfh} ug'{k5{Æ,

– æltd|f] /fhfnfO{ elGbg" k|hftGqdf s;}nfO{

klg ltdL eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug'{ /fd|f] xf]OgÆ,

– æ:s"n–sn]hdf k9fP/ u'hf/f rnfPFÆ,

– æ:jfledfg hf]ufpg]n] c¿ w]/} yf]s

hf]ufpg'k5{Æ,

– æ/S;L nfUbf sljtf ub}{gg\, sljtf nfUbf

/S;L vfFb}gg\Æ,

ædfG5]nfO{ lau|g ;lhnf] 5, laufg{ ;lhnf] 5,

lau|]kl5 sfFw lbg ufx|f] 5Æ -k[–!$*_ h:tf zAb

jfSodf hLjgsf nflu sfd nfUg] ;"q af]N5g\ .

lgisif{lgisif{

s[i0frGb|l;+x k|wfgsf dfly ljj]lrt

lgaGwx¿df ;a}eGbf klxn] pgn] g]kfnsf]

dfof u/]sf 5g\ . To;} qmddf c/fhs ultljlw

/ b'MvbfoL 36gfx¿sf] cfnf]rgf klg u/]sf

5g\ tyf czQm cIfd a"9fa"9Ldfly ;xfg'e"lt

/fVb} ;an kfv'/L ljb]z knfog ePsf]

;dor]tnfO{ cfnf]rgfTds JofVofdf lnPsf

5g\ . cGo sltko lgaGwdf s;}sf] JolQmTjsf]

k|z+;f / cfnf]rgf ePsf] 5, s[ltnfO{ o;

@)^) sf] bzssf] k|ltljDa dfGg ;lsG5 .

o:tf lgaGwsf/nfO{ xfdLn] u'dfof}F, xfd|f] xflb{s

>¢f~hnL .

;dfnf]rgf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 29

lbJo lu/LlbJo lu/L

1.

gLnf] cfsfzdf

;]tf] afbnsf] cfs[ltdf

d}n] ltd|f] t:jL/ b]v]F

ltd|f] ;'Gb/ z/L/ b]v]F

/ lkmFhfl/Psf] sfnf] s];/flzleq

d}n] cfk"mnfO{ n'sfPF

ltd|f] u'nfjL cf]7;Fu} d]/f cf]7 6fFl;P

d d'Uw lyPF

ltdL d'Uw lyof}

cfsfzsf] afbn x]/]/

d}n] u/]sf] sNkgf

s] ;fFRr} ;fsf/ x'g ;Snf <

2.

zLtsf] yf]kfe}Fm

v;]sf] 5 v'zL

jn];Lsf] kfgL ´/]e}Fm

´/]sf] 5 rfxgf

ltd|f k|To]s cfu|x

k"/f ug{ ;Sg] d;Fu

wgbf}nt 5}g

a'9Øf}nLlt/ 9Ns]sf] z/L/df

of}jg klg 5}g

To;}n] xf]nf lxhf]cfh

ltd|f] sfvsf] l;/fgL klg

la´fpg yfn]sf] 5 dnfO{

ltd|f] u'nfjL cf]7n]

luHofpg yfn]sf] 5 dnfO{ .

b'O{ ;fgf–sljtfb'O{ ;fgf–sljtf

sljtf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf30

PSnf] hLjgsf] ;xf/f, ltd|f] xft ;dfpg vf]Hof 5'

b'v–kL/ ;f/f e'n]/, Ps}l5g /dfpg vf]Hof 5' .

rf]vf] dfof u/]s} x'F, a? u'dgfd eP/ afFr"nf

cd/ k|]dsf] b'lgofFdf ltd|} gfd sdfpg vf]Hof 5' .

hlt aufP klg d"No g} 5}g oL cfF;'x¿sf]

s'g} lbg efp cfpnf, cfFv}df hdfpg vf]Hof 5' .

lgD5/f] dfG5]sf] dfof, lgD5/} nfUof] eg]/

ljZjf;sf] 9fs/ ltd|} sfFwdf ydfpg vf]Hof 5' .

of] dg pQ]lht x'G5, ;De]m/ xfd|f ljutx¿nfO{

d'6' To;} aNsg yfN5, 5ftLd} bafpg vf]Hof 5' .

hf]8L 5'6]sf] h'/]nLsf] cj:yf o:tf] ef]

cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] 8fnLdf ga:tf o:tf] ef] .

ar]/fx¿sf] ljrNnL 5, cfdfn] 5fl8uPkl5

lj/xdf axlsP/, u'F9df gk:tf o:tf] ef] .

cfF;'n] g} kvfNb5g\, dgleqsf kL/–oyfx¿

hd]/ et\etL kf]Nb} 5, uxaf6 gv:tf o:tf] ef] .

a}/fuL agfpF5 ls, PstkmL{ dfof–k|Lltn]

cfTdfLotfsf] df]xhfndf, gkm:tf o:tf] ef] .

uhn

k|]d cf]emfk|]d cf]emf

b'O{ uhn

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 31

/~hgf lg/f}nf/~hgf lg/f}nf

gf;L jif{sL a"9Lcfdf cfFvf wldnf] b]lV5g\ .

rZdf gnufO{ t 5]p5fpsf] klg s]xL b]lVbgg\ .

zlQmn] cjsfz lnPsf] z/L/n] cfFvf wldnf]

b]Vbf bf]xf]/f] kL8f dx;'; ub{l5g\ . dg–dgdf

elg/xlG5g\– cfFvf dfq b]Vg kfP dfG5] lrg]/

af]Ny]F, x]/]/ af]Ny]F .

5f]/f] ;/sf/L sd{rf/L . gflt–gfltgL 5g\ .

Ps k|sf/n] 3/ el/e/fp 5 . t/ cfFvfdf

u|x0f nfu]/ pgsf] ;+;f/ vNnf] / p/f7 ePsf]

w]/} ePsf] 5}g . 5f]/fsf] tna cfpF5 / rZdf

NofOlbG5 eg]sf] w]/} eof] .

…s:tf] tna xf] of ] /fd|/L 3/ vr{

rnfpg gk'Ug] < dfG5]nfO{ afFRg k'Ug] u/L

t lbg'k5{ lg ;/vf/n] klg .Ú dgdg} ugug

ul/g\ a"9Lcfdfn]– …lar/f Û d]/f] sfG5f]

5f]/f]sf] sdfO Û 3/–Jojxf/df k'Ub}g xf]nf .

gfltgfltgf klg k9fpg'k¥of] .Ú 5f]/fsf] dfof

ub}{ k]ml/ cfk}mFnfO{ ;DemfOg\– …NofOlbG5' t

eg]sf] 5, NofOb]nf lg o;kfln Û slt dfof

u5{ dnfO{ Û k'u]g xf]nf . s] u/f];\ lar/f Û

geP t NofOlbGYof] hfaf]=== r]Zdf ÛÚ d'vn]

lbSs dfg]/ hfaf] rZdf eg] klg rZdf slt

dxTjk"0f{ lyof] pgsf nflu eg] v'§f gx'g]nfO{

a};fvLh:t} .

rZdfsf] cefjdf pgL dWofGxnfO{ ;fFem

b]lVyg\ . /ftsf] s'/f s] ug'{ Û

k]ml/ d;fGt cfpg nfUof] . pgL lbg

ug]/ al;/x]sL lyOg\ . Psflaxfg 5f]/fsf]

rZdf

syf

p

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf32

5]pdf uP/ cK7Øf/f] dfGb} elgg\– …afa",

r]Zdf geP/ ;fx|} b'Mv kfPF . leq–aflx/ ug{

lg ;lSbgF .Ú

cfdfsf] s'/f e'OFdf emg{ gkfpFb} pQ/ lbof]

5f]/fn]– …x'G5 cfdf, d NofOlbG5' .Ú

Pp6f rZdf lsGgsf] nflu 5f]/fn] tna

g} kv{g'kg]{ t lyPg . t/ pm ;w}F cfdfnfO{

cfZjf;g dfq} lbGYof], k"/f ub}{gYof] .

cfdf ;w} Fe }m F v'zL eOg\ / cfzfn]

xfFl;g\, bfFtn] 5f]8]sf luhf b]vfP/ . /,

p7]/ lxF8\g dfq nfu]sL lYfOg\ gflt bf}8Fb}

cfP/ eGof]– …afaf, Tof] h'Qfn] d]/f] v'§f

b'vfof], :s"ndf v]Ng klg ;lsgF . d t

nfpFlbgF Tof] h'Qf . gofF NofOlbg';\ ÛÚ

5f]/fn] s] eGof], ;'lgPg . cfdf 5fd5'd

ub}{ kmls{;s]sL lyOg\ .

;ª\qmflGt klg sl6;Sof] . 5f]/fsf] tna

cfO;Sof] t/ pgsf] rZdf cfPg .

To;f] t, pgL k9\g klg hfGblyg\ .

k'm;{bdf /fdfo0f, dfxfef/t k9\lyg\– no

xfn]/ . t/ clxn] lstfa 5fd]/ al:5g\ /

dg–dgdf elG5g\– of] ;u{df of] 5, of] ;u{df

of] . pgnfO{ wfld{s k':ts k9g] ltvf{h:t}

ePsf] 5 .

rZdf k'm6]sf] klg Ps jif{ eO;Sof], dfgf}F

pgL cfFvf gb]Vg] ePsf] klg Ps jif{ g} eof] .

;lDem;DemL cfk}mFnfO{ ufnL ul/g\– …d]/f] klg

;'4L 5}g, la;]{/ ;f]kmfdf /fv]5', gfltn] gx]/L

a;]5, k'ml6xfNof] . d x':;' Û cfˆgf] ;fdfg t

cfk}mFn] /fVg'kg]{ lg htg;fy . s]6fs]6Ln] s]

hfgf];\ ÛÚ

gfltnfO{ h'Qf cfof] . p;n] 7'nf] :j/df

s/fP/ eGof]– …Yofª\So' afaf km/ gfO; ;'h Û

of] h'Qf ;fx|} /fd|f] 5 .Ú

dgdg pgL uDg yflng\– gfltnfO{ h'Qf

NofOlbP5, dnfO{ klg rZdf kSs} NofÚsf]

x'g'k5{ . cf== slt cGwf] eP/ a:g' Û slt

5fd5'd u/]/ lxF8\g' Û r]Zdf ePkl5 t

o;f] dlGb/df uP/ bz{g u/]/ cfpF5' .

tn–dfly ug{ lg ;lhnf] .=== rZdf geP/

kfPsf tdfd sl7gfOx¿ pgL clxn] g}

5f]8g rfxlG5g\ . Tof] sfnf]kgaf6 d'Qm x'g

rxlG5g\ clxn] g} .

rZdf cfpg] ljZjf;df pT;fxnfO{ wldnf]

cfFvfel/ / un]sf xftuf]8fel/ e/]/ cfˆgf]

cf]5Øfgdf klv{/lxg\ 5f]/fnfO{ .

rZdfsf] sNkgf cfO/Xof], t/ 5f]/f] cfPg .

3/sf] s'g} 9f]sf vf]Nbf lg rZd} lnP/ cfPsf]

ts{gf uly{g\ .

cfz} cfzdf ;a} ;'t] . pgnfO{ lgb|f

nfu]g . cldlnPsf] dg / d'6';Fu ufFl7Psf]

j]bgf lnP/ ca]/ /ft ;'ltg\ .

syf

cf== slt cGwf] eP/ a:g' Û slt 5fd5'd u/]/ lxF8\g' Ûr]Zdf ePkl5 t o;f] dlGb/df uP/ bz{g u/]/ cfpF5' .

tn–dfly ug{ lg ;lhnf] .=== rZdf geP/ kfPsf tdfd sl7gfOx¿ pgL clxn] g} 5f]8g rfxlG5g\ .

æ

æ

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 33

lxpFb ofd . 3fddf cf]5ØfOPsf] r§Ldfly

a;]/ Gofgf]kgdf pHofnf] dx;'; uly{g\ .

ljutsf pHofnf lbgsf] :d[lt klg . cfFvfdf

cFWof/f] lyof] / lyof] cg]s ;s;, wldnf]n]

k ' l/Psf gfgLx¿;Fu . aflx/–leq ug{

cK7Øf/f] x'GYof] . slt k6s leQfdf 7f]lsPsL

lYfOg\ . slt k6s lrlKnPsL lyOg\ . hLjgd}

pgnfO{ olt w]/} cfjZos s]xL lrhsf] k/]sf]

lyPg hlt cfh Pp6f kfj/jfnf rZdfsf]

k/]sf] 5 .

;+;f/d} pgL rZdf b'n{e ePsf] dx;';

uly {g \ – Psd'vL ?b | fI fh:t } . pgnfO {

slxn]sfxLF km6fkm6 rZdf–k;n uP/ rZdf

lnP/ cfpg dg x'GYof] . slxn], 5f]/fnfO{

7"nf] :j/df …Pp6f rZdf klg NofOlbg;\

<Ú eg]/ s/fpg dg x'G5 . slxn], 5f]/LnfO{

…Pp6f rZdf NofOb]pm, rZdf k'm6]sf] w]/}

e};Sof]Ú eGg dgx'G5 . s]–s] dg x'G5,

s]–s] dg x'G5 Û ;a}eGbf w]/}, cFWof/f ]

af]s]/ /f]O/xg dg x'G5 . cfFvf gb]lvPkl5

dgsf] ;+;f/df ljutsf pHofnf lbgx¿

tF5f8d5f8 ub] { cfpFy] . ;a}eGbf a9L

pgL cfˆgf lbjª\ut kltnfO{ ;DemlGyg\,

eSsflglGyg\ / n'sL–n'sL k'5\lyg\ cfF;' .

pgL x'Gy] t klxn] d]/f nflu NofpFy] rZdf,

5f ]/fn] gfltnfO{ NofOlbPsf] h'Qfh;/L

g} . 5f]/Lx¿sf] s'/f s] ug'{ < cf–cfˆgf

3/df 5g\, /dfPsf 5g\, pxLF v'zL 5g\ .

cfkmGt 3]/} 5g\, dfof u5{g\, cfzLjf{b lng

cfO/xG5g\ . hLjg eg] cFWof/f] 5, Pp6f

rZdf geP/ pgL lj/Qm l5g\ cFWof/f];Fu .

Vffgf vfP/ aflx/ sf};Ldf 5fDb}–5fDb}

lgl:sg\ / rs6Ldf al;g\ . leq c;fWo} hf8f]

5, a:g} ;lsGg lxpFbdf . pgsf] d'vaf6 l;

l; lgl:s/x]sf] lyof] . 3fd Gofgf] lyof], t/

Pp6f ux|f}F ef/L lyof] pgsf] zL/df, cfFvfdf

/ dgdf . Pp6f Kof; / Pp6} cfjZostf

pHofnf]sf] .

k6'sf vf]n]/ hLp v's'nf] kfl/g\ / ;lhnf];Fu

al;g\ . aflt sfTg'k¥of] eg]/ skf;sf] efF8f]

vf]lhg\ . otfptf 5fldg\ t/ e]l6gg\ . pgnfO{

cfk}mF;Fu emsf]{ nfUof] / dgdg elgg\– lsg

sfn cfpFb}g dnfO{ < dg{ kfP lg x'GYof]

o;/L cFWof/f];Fu h'lw/xg' t kb} {gYof] .

hGd} cfFvf gb]Vg]nfO{ kf] cFWof/f] s]xL xf]Og,

cfFvf eP/ gb]Vg]nfO{ cFWof/f] ljs6 psfnf]

xf] nf}/Llagfsf] . hLjgsf] pQ/fw{df b[li6

sdsf] psfnf] 5, s;}n] a'‰b}gg\ of a'‰g

rfxFb}gg\ .

k]ml/ otfptf 5fldg\– 5]j}df /x]5 skf;sf]

9sL . skf; ;dfP/ v'Oof ul/g\ / ;':tfOg\ .

ToxLa]nf clkm; hfg lxF8]sf] 5f]/fn] cfjfh

lbof]– …cfdf, afOssf] rfaL 5'6]5, NofOlbg';\

g ÛÚ

…a'xf/L stf u}5g\ <Ú eGb} cfdf pl7g\

t/ km6fkm6 lxF8\g ;lsgg\ . la:tf/}] lxF8\b}

sf]7fdf uOg\ t/ rfaL ToxfF e]6\g ;lsgg\ .

5f]/f] kms]{/ cfof] / ems{+b} eGof]– …olt klg

b]Vg'x'Gg <Ú

…cF afa", d cfFvf b]lVbgF lg t Û rZdf

5}g .Ú

cfdfsf] s'/f ;'Gb} g;'gL 5f]/f] lxF8Øf] .

pgL 5fd5fd 5'd5'd ub}{ 3fddf kmls{g\ /

dgdg} elgg\– …x] Zj]t u0f]z eujfg\, r]Zdf

nfpg kfpmF, n•' r8fpF5' . x] eujfg\, s}n]

cfpnf r]Zdf / d]/f] ;+;f/ pHofnf] x]/f}Fnf ÛÚ

syf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf34

cfˆg} kf]N6fdf ePsf b'O{–rf/ ?k}ofF xhf/

k6s 5fldg\ / dgdg elgg\– …oltn] t

r]Zdf gcfpnf .Ú k6s–k6s /fdfo0fsf]

lstfa ;'d;'DofOg\ / To;sf] syf ;DemFb}

elgg\– …slxn] k9\g kfpmFnf ÛÚ

w]/} k6s cfk}mFnfO{ kmsfP/ elgg\– …k"hf–

sf]7fsf b]jtfsf lrq / leQfdf e'm08ØfOPsf]

kltsf] t:jL/ ;n{Ss slxn] x]g{ kfpmFnf

/ cfgGb xf]nf ÛÚ Pp6f rZdfsf] cefjn]

pgn] ef]u]sf] sl7gfO / dfgl;s kL8fsf]

j0f{g sd} x'G5 . k]m/L lbg ulgg\, dlxgf dg{

nfu]5, o;kfln t kSs} NofOlbG5 . ;w}Fe}mF

cfzfsf] lbof] afn]/ wldnf cfFvfdf cfF;'sf]

t]n lgsflng\ .

Kf]ml/ klg dlxgfsf] clGtddf, 5f]/f] clkm;

hfg]a]nf elgg\– …P afa", tna cfpg] a]nf eof]

xf]nf, r]Zdf NofOb] x} Û ;f/} ufx|f]===Ú

cfdfn] s'/f ;Sg gkfO{sg eGof]– …x'G5,

NofOlbG5' .Ú

cfFvf gb]v]/ cFWof/f]sf] cg'e"lt u/]sf]

eP kf] yfxf x'G5 p;nfO{ a'9];sfn clg

b[li6–sdhf]/Lsf] dd{ Û cfdfsf] cfz slxNo}

sd x'Fb}g, vfnL 36L / a9L dfq xf] . k]ml/

pgnfO{ rZdfsf] cfz a9Øf] dlxgfsf]

clGtd;Fu} . tna NofP5 Sof/] 5f]/fn] Û dgdg

;f]lr/lxg\ .

a'xf/Ln] ;f;";Fu leq–aflx/ ub}{ elgg\–

…cfdf, d ahf/ uP/ cfpF5' x} Û cfh

3/leq} a:g", 9f]sf nfP/ hfG5' . tkfOF cfFvf

b]Vg'x'Gg .Ú

a'xf/Ln] …cfFvf b]Vg'x'GgÚ eGbf g/dfOnf]

nfUof] pgnfO{ . …cfFvf t b]Vy]F lg Û r]Zdf

5}g .Ú dgdgn] tLtf] kf]lvg\ / af]lng\– …sxfF

hfG5f} ltdL < s]6fs]6L :s"naf6 cfpF5g\,

vfhf lbg'kg]{ .Ú

…lbbLsf] 5f]/fsf] a|tjGw 5, lsgd]n u/]/

cfpF5' . s]6fs]6L cfpFbf d cfOk'U5' .Ú a'xf/Ln]

elgg\ .

a'xf/L klg hfg] /}Ú5 . cfh t kSs} r]Zdf

NofOlbG5g\ . lxF8\g] a]nfdf k]ml/ Psk6s

elgg\– …P afa", r]Zdf Nofpg" x} ÛÚ

…x'G5Ú eg]/ xtf/–xtf/ 5f]/f–a'xf/L aflx/

lg:s] . cfh eg] cfdfsf] hLpdf emg} k"mlt{

a9|Øf] . e/]b]lv cfFvf b]Vg kfpg] ePF eg]/ .

pgdf o;}–o;} k'm?ª\u el/P/ cfof] . pgL Jou|

k|tLIffdf leq–aflx/ leq–aflx/ ug{ yflng\ /

dgdg} elgg\– …ef]ln laxfg d dlGb/ hfG5',

bz{g u/]/ cfpF5' . o:tf] cf;fªp;'ª xf] / Û ca

km6fkm6 leq–aflx/ u5'{, k9\5', h] klg b]V5' .Ú

pgL rZdf nfPsf] sNkgfn] dVv kl/g\ .

otfptf ubf{ub}{ yflsg\, klN6g\ / ToxLF

lgbfOg\ . lapFembf a'xf/L–gfltx¿ cfO;s]5g\ .

a'xf/Ln] elgg\– …vfhf vfg'ePg5 t ÛÚ

…;lDemgF, vfhf vfg la;]{5' .Ú rZdfsf]

ts{gfn] jf:tjd} pgsf] ef]s–ltvf{ lyPg .

A'fxf/Ln] r]Zdf lblG5g\ ls eg]/ cfzf ul/g\ .

t/ lbOgg\ . lal;{g\ xf]nf, ls 5f]/fn] kf] af]s]sf]

5 ls Û dgdf s'/f v]nfOg\ .

;fFem 5f]/f] cfof], t/ clxn] klg pgsf]

cfFvfsf] Hof]lt cfPg . hlta]nf klg pgn]

cfzf dfq ul/g ls ca cfpnf ca cfpnf,

cxF cfPg . cf]5Øfgdf klg w]/}a]/ klv{g\ .

t/ ;a} ;'t,] /ft hfUof], z"Gotf k}mlnof], t/

cFx pgsf] rZdf cfPg . Tof] /ft pgnfO{

;fx|} lrQ b'Vof] . ;'g–rfFbL eg]sL lyOgF,

Pp6f r]Zdf t eg]sL 5', To} klg clt g}

syf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 35

vfFrf] eP/ .=== pgL w/w/L /f]Og\ . cfk"mnfO{

;+;f/df ;a}eGbf b'MvL dflgg\ . ;+;f/e/sf

O{Zj/ ;lDemg\ / cfˆg} kltnfO{ ;De]m/ /f]Og\ .

?Fb}–?Fb} elgg\– …5f]8]/ hfg'eof], d PSn}

ePF .Ú pgnfO{ cfFvfsf] cFWof/f]sf] u'gf;f] ug{

dg nfu]g, dfq ?g dgnfUof] / /f]O/lxg\

lgs}a]/ . af]em nfu]/ cfof] lhGbuL, cfk}mF;Fu .

l/;fpFbfl/;fpFb} ?Fbf?b} ca]/ lgbfOg\ / laxfg

p7g ;lsgg\ .

Vffgf vfg] a]nfdf 5f]/f] cfdf vf]Hb} pgsf]

sf]7fdf cfof] . cf]5Øfgd} b]v]/ cflQPe}mF u/]/

;f]Wof]– …s] ef] cfdf < ;~rf] ePg <Ú

pgnfO{ lsg–lsg s;}sf] d'v x]g{ dg

nfu]g . grndnfO{ elgg\– …;~r} 5' afa" .Ú

– …p7\g';\ vfgf vfg'k5{ .Ú

…tF vfP/ hf, d clxn] vfpmFnf ÛÚ olt eg]/

;'lt/lxg\ .

5f]/f] clkm; uof] . a'xf/L af]nfpg cfOg\ .

t/ pgnfO{ vfg]s'/f ;Demg dg nfu]g /

vfg dflggg\ . ylst / la/fdLh:t} cfk"mnfO{

sdhf]/ dx;'; ul/g\, pl7gg\ .

5f]/f] kmls{+bf cfdf p7]s} lyOgg\ . s]xL

gvfPsf] / gp7]sf] va/ a'xf/Ln] u/]kl5

5f]/fn] cfdfnfO{ c:ktfn nfg] s'/f u¥of] .

j[4fj:yf, vflnk]6, lrGtfn] cfdfnfO{ ufNof]

/ xNsf Hj/f] cfPsf] lyof] . 5f]/fn] bfh' tyf

lbbL–alxgLnfO{ va/ u¥of] . Ps}l5gdf 5f]/f,

a'xf/L, gflt, gfltgf, 5f]/L, HjfOF ;a} x'/{/ cfP .

cfdfsf] d'xf/ x]/]/ h]7L a'xf/Ln] elgg\– …cfdfsf]

:ofxf/ k'u]g .Ú

Tof] ;'Gg]lalQs} 3/sL a'xf/Ln] elgg\– …

lbbLn] xfdLn] x]nf u¥of}F eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf]

ls ÛÚ

s'/f a9\nfh:tf] eof] . To;}n] c¿x¿n]

s'/f a9fpg lbPgg\ . t/ vf; s'/f] cfdfn] klg

eGg ;lsgg\ . ;a}n] jl/kl/ a;]/ cfdfnfO{

g/d vfg]s'/f agfP/ v'jfP . t/ cfdfsf]

dg t ce}m eSsflg/x]sf] lyof] . 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]

dfof, ;b\efj / :ofxf/ \eGbf dxTjk"0f{

lyof]– Pp6f kfj/jfnf rZdf . pgsf] dg

lrRofO/x]sf] lyof]– …r]Zdf rflxof],=== dnfO{

pHofnf] rflxof],=== dnfO{ b[Zo rflxof] .Ú t/

pgsf] cJoQm kL8f s;}n] a'e]mg / pgn] klg

a'emfpg ;lsgg\ .

cfdf ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kmls{;s]sL lyOg\ .

cln k/sf l5d]sL ef]h/fh zdf{n] cfˆgf dftf–

lktfsf] ;Demgfdf 6f]nel/sf j[4 af–cfdfnfO{

vfgf v'jfpg] sfo{qmd /fv]sf lyP . cfdfnfO{

klg lgDtf] lyof] . cfdf tL l5d]sLsf slxn]

uPsL lyOgg\ / /fd|/L lrg]sL klg lyOgg\ .

o;} klg pgL 3/aflx/ Hofb} sd sfd k/]

dfq lgl:slGyg\ . zx/sf dfG5]sf] k'm;{b

syf

pgsf] dg lrRofO/x]sf] lyof]–…r]Zdf rflxof],=== dnfO{ pHofnf] rflxof],===

dnfO{ b[Zo rflxof] .Ú t/ pgsf] cJoQm kL8f s;}n] a'e]mg/ pgn] klg a'emfpg ;lsgg\ .

æ

æ

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf36

gx'g] . ef]h/fh klg Psfwaf/ dfq cfdfsf]

3/ uPsf lyP .

cfFvf gb]Vg] ePsf]n] a'xf/Ln] cfdfnfO{

l5d]sLsf] 3/;Dd k'¥ofOlbOg\ . 6f]nel/sf

a"9f af–cfdf e]nf eO;s]sf lyP . s;}n]

kfj/jfnf rZdf nfPsf . s;}n] sfg ;'Gg]

oGq sfgdf nfPsf . w]/}n] n¶L 6]s]sf . bfFt

;a}n] nfPsf .

k|s[ltsf] rqmdf lkl;g' 5 ;a}n] . pd]/;Fu}

/ª k'msfP/, OlGb|osf zlQm ;s]/ / s[lqdtfn]

;xh agfpg' 5 a'9Øf}nLsf] af6f] . wGo 5

lj1fg Û e]nf ePsf ;a} a'9Øf}nLsf enfs';f/L

u/]/ a;] .

;a}nfO{ ;Tsf/k"j{s ef]hg u/fP l5d]sLn] .

z/L/n] ;Sg] hlt a"9f af–cfdf ef]h/fhnfO{

cfzLjf{b lbFb} lg:s] . cfdfnfO{ rflxF 3/;Dd

8f]¥ofP/ Nofpg'kg]{ eof] . 8f]¥ofO/x]s} qmddf

ef]h/fhn] ;f]w]– …cfdf, xh'/nfO{ s]xL rflxG5

ls Û xh'/nfO{ s]xL rflxPsf] 5 eg] eGg';\

x} ÛÚ

pgnfO{ b]jtfn] …a/ dfu ÛÚ eg]e}mF nfUof] /

RofKk pgsf] xft ;dft]/ elgg\– …afa", dnfO{

Pp6f lrh rflxPsf] 5 .Ú

ef]h/fhn] cfdfsf] d'v}g]/ 6fpsf] nu]/ eg]–

…eGg';\ cfdf, d s] lbg ;S5' xh'/nfO{ <Ú

clt g} ljlgt :j/df cfdfn] elg– …afa", d

cfFvf b]lVbgF . d]/f] r]Zdf gfltn] ghfg]/ a:bf

lyr]5, k'm6Øf] . r]Zdf geP/ cGwLh:t} eÚsL

5' . Pp6f r]Zdf NofOb]pm g af ÛÚ

l5d]sLn] clt ;/n eP/ pgnfO{ 8f]¥ofpFb}

eg]– …lxF8\g';\ cfdf, pm ToxfF ghLs} 5 rZdf–

k;n, ToxLF uP/ lsgf}Fnf ÛÚ

syf

l5d]sLn] cfdfnfO{ k;ndf nu] / cfFvfsf]

kfj/ hFrfO{ gofF rZdf lslglbP .

rZdf nufPkl5 aNn pgn] rZdf

lslglbg]sf] d'xf/ b]lvg\ / lrg]h:tf] u/]/

;DemFb} elgg\– …slxn] xf] b]v]h:tf] nfU5

afa " ltdLnfO { . r ]Zdf geP/ lrlgg F

afa" .Ú pgsf cfFvfaf6 a/{/ cfF;' em/] .

/, pgsf] zL/df xft /fv]/ w]/} cflzif lbFb}

elgg\– …w]/} lbg ePsf] lyof] d}n] r]Zdfsf]

nflu O{Zj/;Fu k|fy{gf u/]sf] .=== ltdL d]/f]

nflu O{Zj/ xf} afa" .Ú pgn] cfF;' k'5\b}–k'5\b}

l5d]sL ef]h/fhnfO{ ;x> cfzLjf{b lbOg\ .

/, w]/} k6s cf]N6fO{–kN6fO{ rZdf x]l/g\ .

;'d;'DofOg\ / nufP/ otfptf x]l/g\ .

pHofnf]sf] /dfOnf]n] pgsf cfFvfaf6 cfF;'

g} /f]lsPgg\ .

ef]h/fhn], a"9fa"9L o;/L aRrfh:t}

olt w]/} v'zL x'G5g\ eGg] slxNo} b]v]sf

lyPgg\ . pgnfO{ Ps;fy kL8f / xif{ b'j}

ePsf] lyof] . Pp6f ;fgf] s'/fsf] cefjn]

slt kL8f / cK7Øf/f] k/]sf] x'G5 j[4–j[4fsf]

hLjgdf Û===

cfdfn] PsfPs ef]h/fhnfO{ cFufnf] xflng\,

…t/ ltdL sf] xf} afa" <Ú

ef]h/fh hjfkm lbg vf]Hof]– …cfdf, xh'/sf]

j[4eQf a'emfpg Ps lbg tkfO{+s+f] 3/ cfPsf]

lyPF . ToxLa]nf tkfO{+sf] cf}Fnfsf] 5fk lnPsf]

lyPF . To;kl5 ;w}F tkfO{+sf 5f]/fn] tkfO{+sf]

dfl;s j'4eQf nU5g\, d}n] cfpg'k/]sf] 5}g .===

d j8fsf] ;lrj x'F lg cfdf ÛÚ

t/=== pgsf] d'vaf6 Ps zAb lg:s]g .

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 37

e/t ef/åfhe/t ef/åfh

k|]dsf] /ªtn–dfly ;f]x| >[ª\uf/ u/]/ 5'6]sf]

ltd|f] gfeLsf]] ;]tf] vfnL Sofgef;df cf]

;'Gb/L

ca d eg{ rfxG5'

d]/f] h'Fuf / cf]7sf]

s'rLn] k|]dsf] /ª . ± ±

g O{Zj/ g ltdLd O{Zj/tk{m pGd'v x'Fbf

d]/f] tk:of eª\u eof]

gf/L ltd|f] OGb|]0fL ¿kn]

ha ltd|f] kl5 nfUbf

dnfO{ ;hfo lbOof]

ltd|f] cl:dtfsf] sf/0fn]

cfh d;Fu g O{Zj/ 5

g ltdL 5f} . ± ±

nf]stGqnf]stGqn] b]znfO{ czflGt klg lbG5

:jtGqtf klg lbG5

PstGqn] dflg;nfO{

cg'zf;g klg lbG5

P]F7g klg lbG5

olt xf] xfdL

Pp6f wfuf]df plgPsf]

Ps} km"n aGg] ls

cyjf k'mSsf 5l/Psf]

cg]s k"mn aGg] <

kfFr ;fgf–sljtfkfFr ;fgf–sljtf

n#'sljtf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf38

;?jf /f]uul/aL afFRg'sf] lj?4

OdfGbf/LnfO{ a]r]/

xfdL s] kfpF5f}+ <

dfq czflGt

xfdL ;Gtsf s'/f ;'Gb}gf}F

;+e|fGtsf s'/f ;'G5f}F

cGtdf p;sf]

clgb|fsf] ;?jf /f]u xfdLnfO{ nfU5 .

± ±

s;sf] nflu <oL /fd|f /ftf k"mn

s;sf nflu k'mln/x]5g\ <

oxfF

/fhgLltnfO{

kfl08TonfO{

z'is bz{gnfO{

Joj;fonfO{

cy{nfO{ dfq /ª b]Vg]

hLjg b]Vg]

lg/; d"v{x¿ 5g\

eg, oL /fd|f km"n

s;sf nflu k'mln/x]5g\ <

o'j/fh d}gfnLo'j/fh d}gfnL

eGg]n]] w]/} eg]/ uP . t/ hfg] uPkl5

eg]sf] s'/f dfGg pgLx¿nfO{ cK7Øf/f] k¥of] .

kfFr} bfh'efOsf] ;Nnfx eof]– u'7L xf]Og 6«:6

/fv"F .

…Tof] yfltnfO{ sfF7L /fv"F, nufd g/fv"F .

r9\g] r9f];\ t/ glxF8f];\ . n8\g] n8f];\ t/

gd/f];\ .Ú ;a}eGbf lj1 h]7fsf] s'/f ;'g]/ ;a}

;xdt eP .

Tof] 3f]8f cfh klg hLljt} 5 . 3f]8fdf

sfF7L 5 t/ nufd 5}g . To;}n] hf] sf]xL To;df

r9\g] cfF6 ub}{ ub}{g . cfF6 ug]{ dfG5] klg

3f]8f pk|]mkl5 n8\5 . 3fOt] aG5 . c:kftn

k'¥ofOG5, t/ nufd s;}n] xfNg ;s]sf] 5}g .

xfNg] sf]xL dfOsf nfn k}bf ePs} 5}g .

cfwf/e"t cfjZostf

n#'syf

n#' sljtf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 39

w]/} jif{cl3

oSj bF GXoM;kgf x/fof] Pp6f b]zsf]

Dxu; tg %u" b]o\of/, ;kgf vf]Hb} hfFbf

cn], Dxu; dfdf+ jgfano\b]z x/fof] ljZj–dfglrqaf6 .

b]o\ tg ljZj–dfglrq+ =

pQ/af6 blIf0f aUg]

pQ/+ blIf)f GXofMjlgu'Pp6f ;Defjgf lyof] b]zsf],

%u" ;Defjgf b'u' vM b]o\of,st} klZrdaf6 k"j{ ;5{ ls Û

ug+ klZrd+ k"j{ GXofjgL nfls ÛPp6f zª\sf klg lyof] .

%u" z+sf g+ b' =

klx/f] hfGYof] b]zdf

rnM jgLu' b]oo\gful/ssf] ;kgf lslgGYof]

b];af/to\u' Dxu; GofgfsfO aGb's k8\sGYof]

aGb"s d'Ogful/ssf] ;kgfdf uf]nL nfUYof]

b];af/to\u' Dxu;o\ uf]ln+ sOsfg"g aGYof]

sfg"g bo]sL

ef]ln elgg] syfef]ln elgg] syfsGxo\ Go+sLu' afv+sGxo\ Go+sLu' afv+

cg'jfb sljtf

:tDe M xif{– ]̂jf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf40

gful/ss} ;kgf ldlrGYof]

b];af/to\u' x] Dxu;o\ Gx'Q'Gx'ofla cyf{t\,

afo\,s'g} klg k|;ª\udf

%'+ g k|;+uo\gful/ssf] ;kgfdfly x:tIf]k x'GYof] .

b];af/to\u' Dxu;o\ x:tIf]k h'O =

Ps lbg

%Gx',ToxL ;kgf x/fof],

j x] Dxu; tg,

/, ;kgf vf]Hb} hfFbf

cn], Dxu; dfdf+ jgfano\b]z g} x/fof] ljZj–dfglrqaf6 .

b]o\ x] tg ljZj–dfglrq+ =

=== d}n] eg]sf] of] …plxn]sf] syfÚ

... lh+ sgfu' Yj …pano\of afv+Úcfh, s] tkfO{+nfO{ gf}nf] nfUof] <

yf}+, %' l%tM la:s+ y] tfn nf <

d"n slj M ljdn ef}sfhLd"n slj M ljdn ef}sfhL

cg'jfbM /f;fcg'jfbM /f;f

cg'jfb sljtf

-eQmk'/ ljsf; ;xof]u ;+3af6 ;Ddfg u|x0f ub}{ jfª\do ztfAbLk'?if >L ;Todf]xg hf]zL . sf7df8f}F, )&% ebf} ( ut] zlgaf/ ._

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 41

lqe'jgrGb| jfUn]lqe'jgrGb| jfUn]

Kt8 d]/f] ct[Kt rfxgf lyof] . nf]leGy] F

d vKt8sf b[Zo / c¿n] u/]sf e|d0f–

;dfrf/n] . dnfO{ ToxfF k'Ug] cg's"ntf

ldn]sf] lyPg . s}nfnL ;flxTo tyf ;fF:s[lts

k|lti7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf @)&% j}zfv ! ut]

vKt8df a[xt\ ;flxlTos sfo{qmd x'g] yfx

kfP/ ddf ToxfF hfg] clenfiff clUnof],

nfU5 vKt8s} prfOdf . cfof]hs ;+:yfsf

cWoIf ;flxTosf/ kbd/fh hf]zL;Fu kl/ro

lyPg . sflnsf]6sf /fhgLlts g]tf ldq

df]tL/fh addfk{mt d pQm sfo{qmddf

;xefuL x'g OR5's /x]sf] ;Gb]z cWoIf

hf]zL;dIf k'¥ofPF . s]xL ;dokl5 cfk}mFn]

kmf]g u/]/ hf]zLhLnfO{ eg]F– …ldN5 eg] d

klg vKt8 hfg c;fWo} OR5's 5' .Ú cWoIf

hf]zLn] xflb{stfk"j{s d]/f] cg'/f]w :jLsf/

ul/lbg'eof] .

o:tf sfo{qmdsf] lgDtf cfpg' :jefljs

;+:s[lt xf] . dnfO{ lgDtf ug'{xf];\ eg]/

cfk}mFn] cfof]hsnfO{ cg'/f]w ug'{ k|lt;+:s[lt

xf] eGg] dnfO{ /fd|/L yfx lyof], 5 t/ d}n]

cfk}mFdfly lh2L u/]F . d}n] dnfO{ sfo{qmddf

af]nfpg'xf];\ eg]/ cfof]hsnfO{ zfob afWo

kf/]F . o;cl3 d}n] sxLF klg o:tf] cfu|x u/]/

lgDtf dfu]sf] lyOgF . t/ vKt8n], lgDtf gcfO{

o:tf sfo{qmddf hfg' x'Fb}g eGg] k"j{:yflkt

dfGotfaf6 dnfO{ Ro"t ul/lbof] . vKt8 ddfly

lgs} zlQmzfnL eP/ pleof] . o;nfO{ d}n]

vKt*df xlgd'g eQf ?. tLg xhf/

n]v

;f

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf42

ddfly vKt8sf] ljho 7fg]sf] 5' / cfˆgf]

dL7f] k/fhonfO{ xflb{stfk"j{s dfg;k6ndf

;fFr]sf] 5' .

e|d0f ;flxTosf] dxTj pNNf]v ug]{ kIfdf

d 5}g . lrlgofF ofqL Xj'g;fª, klZrdL

ofqL–n]vsx¿ ss{Kofl6«s, ;LNef n]eL,

6f]gL x]u]g / cGo s]xLsf j[QfGt d}n]

g]kfnsf] Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt / k'/ftTjsf]

cWoogsf qmddf k9]sf] x'F . xfdLn] Oltxf;

eg]/ k9]sf] jf k9fOPsf] ;Gbe{ log} 8'n'jf

ofqLn] tof/ kf/]sf j[QfGt /x]5g\ . 8'n'jf

n]vsn] ljZj–;+:s[ltsf] k|rf/ / lj:tf/df

7"nf] of]ubfg lbPsfdf d s]xL g s]xL

hfgsf/ 5'' . Oltxf;sf] n]vg 8'n'jf ofqLsf]

j[QfGtaf6 klg z'¿ x'g] /x]5 . To;}n] w]/}

dflg; Oltxf;nfO{ c;fWo} uDeL/ ¿kdf

lnFbf x'g\, dnfO{ eg] Oltxf; s'g} JolQmsf]

n]vf]6, ;Demgf, j0f{g / j[QfGt dfq h:tf]

nfU5 . t/ Oltxf;sf 36gfrflxF olt dfq

xf]Ogg\ . d]/f] a'emfOdf Oltxf; / Oltxf;sf

36gf cGt/;DalGwt t/ lgtfGt leGg ljifo

x'g\ . To;}n] d 7f]s]/ eGg ;S5'– Oltxf;sf

36gf ;w}F ;To x'G5g\, t/ Oltxf; cyf{t\

Oltxf;sf] n]vg e"m7f klg x'g ;S5g\ .

ofqf–;flxTosf] cfsfª\Iffn] d vKt8 uPsf]

xf]Og . vKt8sf] wfld{s kIfn] dnfO{ cfsif{0f

u/]sf] klg klg xf]Og . ;]G6 cu:6fOgn]– …k[YjL

k':tsh:t} 5, h;n] o;sf] e|d0f ub}{g p;n]

s]jn Ps kfgf dfq k9]sf] x'g]5Ú eg]h:tf]

dgf]lj1fgn] klg ToxfF hfg d nf]lePsf]

lyOgF . g t rfOlgh bfz{lgs nfcf]–T;'' '

-Lao Tzu_ n] Pp6f bIf–ofqLsf] g t ofqfsf]

g t kms{g] of]hgf x'G5 eg]h:tf] u/L d}n]

ToxfF hfg] dg;'jf /fv]sf] klg xf]Og . 3f]lift

p2]Zo k"/f ug{ xfdL ToxfF uPsf lyof}F .

;fFrf]–;fFrf] eGg'kbf{ xfdL ToxfF uPsf lyPgf}F,

nluPsf lyof}F . Ps yfg sljtf, b'O{–rf/ yfg

sljtf–;ª\u|xsf lstfa, n'ufkmf6f], ;'Vvf

vfg]s'/f, cf}iflw;d]t af]s]/ sfof{nosf] labf

Joj:yfkg u/L hfg] / kms{g] of]hgf;lxt

vKt8 k'u]sfn] d nfcf]–T;'''sf] kl/efiffdf ofqL

-8'n'jf_ lyOgF . sljtf ;'gfpg] /x/n] klg ToxfF

uPsf] xf]Og d . s:tf sljtf, s;nfO{ ;'gfpg]

ToxfF < >f]tfsf :t/, rfxgf, kl/j]zcg';f/

dfq sljtf–jfrg ug'{k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

t/ sljtf n]VgrflxF sljn] cfk"mnfO{ lrQ

a'emfP/ n]Vg'k5{ . d}n] ToxfF vf;df sljtf

klg ;'gfOgF . g]kfnL tyf ef/tLo ;flxTosf/,

k|fWofks, of]uL tyf sljsf] afSnf] pkl:ylt /

vKt8df ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o sfJo dxf]T;jnfO{

eflifs ¿kdf klg ljljwtf lbpmF eg]/ tTsfn}

/rgf u/]/ cª\u|]hLdf 5f]6f] sljtf ;'gfPF d}n] .

n]v

Ps yfg sljtf, b'O{–rf/ yfg sljtf–;ª\u|xsf lstfa,n'ufkmf6f], ;'Vvf vfg]s'/f, cf}iflw;d]t af]s]/ sfof{nosf]

labf Joj:yfkg u/L hfg] / kms{g] of]hgf;lxt vKt8 k'u]sfn]d nfcf]–T;'''sf] kl/efiffdf ofqL -8'n'jf_ lyOgF .

æ

æ

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 43

ToxfF g]kfnL, lxGbL / cª\u|]hLdf /rgf jfrg

ul/of] .

dnfO{ vKt8df dfgj–;Eotfsf] pb\ljsf;Lo

Oltxf; vf]Hg'k5{ eGg] nfU5 . olt pj{/

/d0fLo If]qdf dfgj ;Eotf ljsl;t ePsf]

k|dfl0ft ug'{k5{ . j}1flgs cg';Gwfgaf6

o;f] ug{ ;lsof] eg] vKt8 ;+:s[lt h'Dnf

;+:s[lthlQs} k'/fgf] ePsf] k|df0f k|fKt ug{

;lsG5 . o; If]qdf dfgj–;+:s[lt ljsl;t

ePsf] ljlzi6 ljåfg\ 8f= ho/fh kGt -:juL{o_

sf cfn]vx¿af6 :ki6 x'G5 . Pp6f cfn]vdf

pxfFn]]–

u5]T;Ltfkb] lbJo] :gfTjf /Dof+ dxfk'/Ld\ .

v]r/fhf+ dxfk'0of+ /lrt ljZjsd{gfd\

cyf{t\ …kljq ;Ltf gbL cy{ft\ ;]tL

gbLghLs cfsfzrf/L b]jt6x¿sf] /d0fLo

dxfk'/L v]r/ -vKt8_ df uO{ ljZjsd{fåf/f

lgld{t kz'kltsf] k"hf ug'{k5{Ú eGg] wfld{s

dfGotf cufl8 ;fg'{ePsfn] dnfO{ vKt8df

kz'klt agfpg] ljZjsdf{sf af/]df hfGg]

pT;'stf lyof] . o;} u/L …v]r/ eg]sf]

cfsfzdfu{L{ b]jtf x'g\, hf] k[YjLdf kfp /fVg

;Sb}gg\ / syl~rt /fVg'k¥of] eg] dfgj jf

kz'kIfLsf] rf]nf wf/0ff ug{'k5{ . cflb eg]sf]

kxf8 xf] . v]rf/fl› eg]sf] b]jLb]jtf–ljz]ifsf]

lgjf;:yfg eGg] cy{ x'G5 . lzjnfO{ v]r/

zAbn] klg ;Daf]wg u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;}

zAbjf6 cke|+z eP/ vKt8 zAb ag]sf] xf] .

v]r/t6 cyf{t\ vKt8–If]q vKt8L af]nL tyf

;+:s[ltsf] pj{/s e"ld xf] . 8]p8f hGd o;}

e"ldsf] b]g xf] .Ú eg]/ 8f= kGtn] dfg;–If]qsf]

kl/ro lbg] qmddf pNn]v ug'{ePsf] ePsf]

ljrf/n] vKt8sf] k|fuP]ltxfl;stflt/ cfs[i6

eO{ o;af/]df k"j{k|sflzt s[ltsf] cWoog

u/L vKt8 uPsf] lyPF . 8f= kGtsf] ;8s

b'3{6gfdf lgwg ePsf] kfFr–5 jif{ lat]sf]

/ ;do–cefjn] vKt8, kz'klt / To;sf

lgdf{tf ljZjsdf{sf af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L

lng ;lsgF .

vKt8 / To; If]qjl/kl/sf] ef}uf]lns agf]6,

df}ufle{s cj:yf, ;fdflhs–;fF:s[lts kIfdf

hfgsf/L /fVg'' d]/f nflu dxTjk"0f{ lyof] . vs{

;+:s[ltaf/] lgs} /f]rs hfgsf/L k|fKt eof]

vKt8df . ToxfFsf p3f/f kf6gdf 3f]8f, uf]?,

ufO{, e}F;L tnsf a:tLaf6 NofP/ 5f8f 5fl8g]

/x]5 . kfFr–5 dlxgfkl5 dflnsn] tL l8uf

3/lt/ n}hfFbf /x]5g\ . afv|f–s'?jf eg] ToxLF

a:bf /x]5g\, pGo"n] af/]/ agfPsf] sf]6]/Ldf .

hxfF pGo"sf] ;'Tg] cf]5Øfg agfOPsf] x'Fbf]

/x]5 . afv|f x'g] 3/sf dlxnf jf k'?if k|foM

Ps hgf afv|f s'g{ cfpg] /x]5g\ vKt8df .

o;/L 3/af6 6f9f a:g'kbf{ pgLx¿sf] b}lgs

n]v

csf]{ s'/f afv|f–uf]7 s'g{ cfpg] vf; u/L ljleGGfkl/jf/sf k'?if / dlxnfsf af/]df d}n] cln a9L g}

rf;f] b]vfPkl5 tL :yfgLon] dnfO{ a'‰g'eof] / eGg'eof]–…of] kljq–e"lddf hf]O{–kf]O ;Fu} ;'Tg' x'Fb}g .Ú

æ

æ

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf44

hLjg s:tf] xf]nf < afv|f s'g]{ qmddf ToxfF

gjljjflxt hf]8L cfpnfg\ . s;}n] 3/df

>LdtL 5f8]/ cfpnfg\ . clg sf]xL pd]/bf/

dlxnf tyf k'?if klg cfpnfg\ afv|f s'g{ .

Tof] hª\undf pgLx¿sf] hLjg s;/L rN5 <

dnfO{ lgs} hfGg dgnfu]sf] ljifo lyof] . vs{,

r/g / uf]7sf af/]df hfgsf/L lnFb} hfg] qmddf

Pp6f k|rng;Fu kl/lrt x'g kfOof]– …x]g'{xf];\

t, tL uf]7sf 9f]sf aemfªlt/ kms]{sf 5g\,

tL uf]7 aemfª]x¿sf] xf] .Ú :yfgLo Ps hgfn]

dnfO{ atfOlbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;]tL c~rnsf

aemfª, afh'/f, 8f]6L / c5fdsf] ;ª\ud–:yn

vKt8df rf/} lhNnfaf6 r/gsf nflu l8uf

Nofpg] k|rngdf s]xL sdL cfPsf] eP klg

ce}m hLjGt /x]5 Tof] k/Dk/f . uf]7 stf

kmsf{pg] eGg] k|rng tL lhNnfsf] cjl:yltdf

cfwfl/t x'g] /x]5 .

csf]{ s'/f afv|f–uf]7 s'g{ cfpg] vf; u/L

ljleGGf kl/jf/sf k'?if / dlxnfsf af/]df d}n]

cln a9L g} rf;f] b]vfPkl5 tL :yfgLon]

dnfO{ a'‰g'eof] / eGg'eof]– …of] kljq–e"lddf

hf]O{–kf]O ;Fu} ;'Tg' x'Fb}g .Ú olt eg]kl5 d}n]

o;af/]df yk lh1f;f /flvgF . of] :yflkt

dfGotfsf k5fl8 d}n] hfGg vf]h]sf] pQ/

lyof] . ;Defljt of}g pR5[ª\vntf /f]Sg o:tf]

lgod agfOPsf] x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg nufpg ufx|f]

ePg . of}gnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ bh{gf}F ;fF:s[lts

/ /fHo–sfg"g ag]sf 5g\ . sfg"gsf] >f]t

o:t} d"No–dfGotf / k|rng klg x'g\ elg/xg'

cfjZos 5}g . vKt8df o:tf] k|rng slxn]

:yflkt ePsf] xf]nf < eGGf] yk k|Zg;Fu} of]

dfGotf of}gsf ;Gbe{df cfTd;+odtfsf nflu

agfOPsf] lyof] eGg] lgisif{df d k'u]F . To;kl5

d]/f] dgdf vKt8nfO{ s'df/ jf s'df/L g} /xg

lbg'k5{ eGg] dfGotfn] 7f]; cfsf/ lnof] .

cfw'lgstfsf gfddf k};f vr{ u/]/ kljq–:yfg

vKt8df xlgd"g dgfpg cfpg]sf nflu tf/]

xf]6n agfpg] xf]Og, b]zbz{g ug{ cfpg]sf

nflu clwstd df}lnstfo'Qm ;'ljwf;lxtsf]

vKt8 cfufdL k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{df

d :ki6 ePF .

xfn dfgj–a:tL gePsfn] vKt8nfO{

e":ju{ elgPsf] 5 . :ju{sf af/]df dnfO{

ljZjf; 5}g, t/ …k[YjLdf ePsf ;a} cfZro{

g} :ju{sf af6f x'g\Ú eGg] hd{g bfz{lgs h]g

kfpn -!&^#_ sf] egfOdf ;xdt x'g] xf]

eg] cfZro{e"ld ePsfn] vKt8 e":ju{ xf]

eGg]df ;xdt x'gk5{ . lsgls oxfF cg]sf}F

cfZro{hgs kf6f / kl/l:ylt, j:t' / ljifo

5g\ . dfgj/lxt of] ;'Gb/ ljzfn kf6g tyf

emf]nLx¿sf] ;d'Rr–If]q vKt8nfO{ cfZro{

g} /xg lbg'k5{ tfls of] :ju{ alg/xf];\ Û

ko{6sLo ljsf;sf gfddf oxfF tf/] xf]6n

:yfkgf jf ;8s–oftfoft;Fu} dfgj–a:tL

a;flnof] eg] vKt8 t sf7df8f}F x'g]5, hxfF

lxF8\bf gfs 5f]k]/ lxF8\g'k5{ . g]kfnL ;+:s[ltdf

…gfs} b]vfpg gx'g] eof]Ú eGg] egfOn] uDeL/

cy{ /fVb5 . vKt8 gfs 5f]k]/ xf]Og a? gfs

7f8f] kf/]/ lxF8\g ;lsg] ;Dkbf / e"ldsf

¿kdf /xg'k5{ .

o;f] eg]/ vKt8nfO{ dfgj–kx'Fraf6 6f9f

/fVg'k5{ elgPsf] xf]Og . ofqLnfO{ clwstd

;'ljwf k'Ug] u/L o; If]qsf] ef}lts ljsf;

ul/g'k5{ . t/ slDtdf klg o; If]qdf

dfgj a;f]af;, xf]6n, nhsf] ;~rfng

/ df]hd:tLsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ lbg'

n]v

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 45

x'Fb}g . vKt8leq xf]Og, ToxfFaf6 rf/–kfFr

3G6f k/ ko{6sLo ;+/rgf agfP/ ko{6snfO{

;'ljwf lbg ;lsG5 . h;af6 vKt8 k'Ug

ug'{kg]{ k}bn–ofqfsf] /f]rstf ;'/lIft ug{

;lsg]5 . csf]{lt/ ko{6gsf] ljsf; dfq}

;a} s'/f xf]Og . ko{6s t o'4sf] 3fp x]g]{

leotgfd klg hfG5g\ / zflGtsf] ;Gb]z

;'GGf g]kfn klg cfpF5g\ . ko{6sLo ljsf;sf

nflu cfk"m;Fu h] 5 To;nfO{ a]Rg hfGg'k5{ .

leotgfdLx¿ o'4sf] Oltxf; a]lr/x]sf

5g\ . xfdL g]kfnLx¿ zflGtsf] jt{dfg

a]lr/x]sf 5f}F . o;/L klg a'‰g'k5{– ko{6gsf]

ljsf;nfO{ . ko{6g–k|j4{gsf nflu vKt8;Fu

/x:o 5, vKt8;Fu :ju{Tj 5 . To;}n]

vKt8df oxL kIfsf] Jofkf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

vKt8sf] ljsf; ubf{ o:tf kIfdf Wofg

lbg ;Sg'k5{ . vKt8df kf}8L–kf]v/L agfP/

;'db|df h:t} hf]8Lx¿n] lgj{:q kf}8L vNg

kfpg'k5{ elgof] eg] Tof]eGbf b'vb\ ljsf;

b[li6sf]0f c¿ x'g ;Sb}g .

v Kt8s f k f 6g -v 'n f I f ] q _ s f ]

pkof]lutfaf/] /fHon] vf;} uDeL/ of]hgf

agfPsf ] kfOPg . Toxf F ;]gfsf ] SofDk

5 . b'O {j6f xf ]6n ef8fdf a;]sf 5g\

eGg] hfgsf/L kfPF d}n] . xfdLeGbf s]xL

lbgkl5 xf]6n Joj;foL;Fu ToxfF k'u]sf Ps

hgf kmf]6f] kqsf/ ldqn] a9f] uj{sf ;fy

;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof]– …af]sf sf6]/ vfOof]

vKt8df, bf? klg TolQs}=== .Ú OR5fcg';f/

ko{6sn] vfg kfpg'k5{, t/ of] clgolGqt

x'g' x'Fb}g . n'lDagLsf] a'4–If]qdf df+;–dlb/f

vf]Hg] ko{6s xfdLnfO{ rflxFb}g eGg ;Sg'k5{

n]v

g]kfnn] . ko{6sn] n'lDagLnfO{ lgwf{/0f ug]{

xf]Og, n'lDagLn] pgLx¿nfO{ lgwf{/0f /

lglb{i6 ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . oxL dfkb08 vKt8sf]

;Gbe{df klg nfu" x'g'k5{ . vKt8nfO{

pko'Qm x'g ] kfq dfq Toxf F k 'Ug 'k5{ .

ko{6g–Joj;fosf nflu xf]Og .

;fk]mau/ gu/kflnsfn] c5fdsf gofF

hf]8L xlgd'g dgfpg vKt8 uP k|lthf]8L

tLg xhf/ ?lkofF vr{ lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf]

hfgsf/L c5fdsf kqsf/ ;fyLx¿dfk{mt

sf7df8f}F kmsf]{sf] Ps xKtfkl5 yfx kfPF .

vKt8–;+:s[ltcg';f/ vKt8–If]qdf hf]O{–kf]O

;Fu} ;'Tg xF''b}g eGg] dfGotfljk/Lt of] ax'n¶L

lg0f{o ;'g]/ z'¿df t d xfF;] . clg g]kfnsf]

eb|uf]n kl/l:ylt b]v]/ dnfO{ cfk}mFk|lt s?0f

nfUof]– s:tf] b]zsf gful/s xf}F xfdL <

;fk]mau/ gu/kflnsfn] vKt8sf] ljsf;sf

nflu of]eGbf csf]{ of]hgf g} b]v]g5 Û rf/

lhNNffsf] ;ª\ud–If]q vKt8df tL lhNnfsf

:yfgLo ;/sf/, ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/,

Tof] If]qsf] lhDDff lnP/ a;]sf vKt8–If]q

ljsf; ;ldlt, g]kfnL ;]gf, :yfgLo ljsf;

sfo{stf{, a'l4hLjL sf];Fusf] ;Nnfx /

;Ddltdf ;fk]mau/ gu/kflnsfn] o:tf]

…l;h{gzLnÚ of]hgf agfPsf] xf]nf < d sNkgf

klg ulb{gF . d]/f] egfO s] xf] eg] vKt8nfO{

s:tf] /xg lbg], s;/L ljsf; ug]{ < o;sf]

df}lnstf s;/L ;+/If0f ug]{ / o;sf] ;f}Gbo{

tyf ;Defjgfsf] s;/L Joj;foLs/0f ug]{

eGg]df ax; ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ ;fkm]ju/kyLo

of]hgfn] nf]snfh dfq k|bz{g u5{ .

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf46

xfdL g]kfnLx¿df h'g;'s} If]qdf klg sfd u/]/ b]vfpg ;Sg] cj:yf 5 / ;kmn klg x'g ;lsG5 . gofF k|ljlw / gofF If]qx¿df xfdL hfg}k5{ . d'VotM xfdLdf k|lta4tf, nugzLntf, cfF6 / ;fx; rflxG5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/

;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno;"rgf tyf k|;f/0f ljefu

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 47

7fs'/k|;fb clwsf/L 7fs'/k|;fb clwsf/L

Tof] au}Frfsf] k"mn zf]sdf 8'a]sf] a]nf

Tof] d]/f] vf]nf, Tof] d]/f] gfnf

s'g kv]/fsf] uLt ufO/xsf] xf]nf Û

;'gf}nf] eljiosf] ;kgf ;Ns]sf] a]nf

dfnL

au}Frfdf u'nfkm b'v]sf] b]V5

au}Frfsf] lsgf/x¿df ;ª\uLt b]V5,

cfˆg} kl/j]zsf] jt{dfg v]nfO/xFbf

dleq cfˆg} d'xf/ x's]{sf] a]nf

Tof] d]/f] ufpF, Tof] d]/f] 7fpF

k"mn cf]9]/ df6f]sf] uLt ufpF5

au}Frfdf pleP/ /ª\uLg ;'gufef k'mnfpF5 .

cfsfzel/

e}uf], emf]lqmgb]pm

sfdL vf]nfsf] cfjfh klg kljq x'g ;S5

k"mnsf] ls/0f ;Gb]zdf au]sf] a]nf

k"mnsf] kl/j]z r'F8]sf] a]nf

Tof] d]/f] vf]nf, Tof] d]/f] gfnf

s'g kv]/fsf] uLt ufO{/xsf] xf]nf Û

df6f]df ;'g kmn]sf] a]nf

p;df gofF ;+:s/0fsf] k"mnsf] ofb klg x'g ;S5

s'g k|nosf] xfjf af]s]/ cfFwL /f]s]sf] xf]nf Û

k"mnsf] lk/tL ddtfsf] nodf 8'a]sf] a]nf

dfnL

slxn] cfFwL–t'kmfgsf] cfotg gfK5

slxn] k"mnsf] dnfdL aG5

ef]s}df klg k"mnl;t cfˆg} cfjfh ld;fpF5 .

u|fd au}Frfsf] lsgf/u|fd au}Frfsf] lsgf/

sljtf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf48

hLjgel/sf] ef/L la;fpF5 /Ifs eP/

rf}tf/Lsf] 5fofF k"mndf c8]sf] a]nf

d of] dg rf]Ol6P/ kms]{sf] 5'

zfob r'Fl8g nfu]sf] ljZjf; hf]8]/

xf], d ToxL ;do au}Frfdf kf]lvg ;S5' .

cfh dlGb/df r9\g] k"mnsf] kl/ro

5/k:6 xfFufdf RofltPsf 5g\

To;a]nf

;kfgfel/sf] ljj]s efFlRrg ;S5

e}uf], dnfO{ of] cFWof/f] lr/]/

c¿sf] lgdftf{sf] dfnL gagfpm

cfˆg} lg0f{odf au/ klg

au}Frfsf] e]ifdf /dfO;s]sf] 5 .

sljtf

-n3'syf ;dfh, g]kfnåf/f cfoflht n3'syf uf]i7L tyf cGtlqmof ;df/f]x .sf7df8f}F, )&% ebf} $ ut] ;f]daf/ ._

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 49

ljho/Tg t'nfw/ljho/Tg t'nfw/

:tsx¿ w]/} k|sflzt x'G5g\ . syf, pkGof;,

lgofqf, hLjgL, sljtf cflbnufotsf ljwfdf

y'k|}| k':tsx¿ k|sfzgdf cfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . t/

rnlrqsf] ljifodf eg] Tolt k':ts n]lvPsf]

b]lv+Fb}g . ljb]zlt/ rnlrqsf ljljw kf6f]nfO{

;d]6]/ n]lvPsf y'k|} k':tsx¿ w]/} g} 5g\ .

g]kfndf rnlrq ljifos k':tsx¿ Tolt

n]lvPsf 5}gg\ . n]lvPsfdWo] klg g]kfnL

rnlrqdfly g} s]lGb|t ePsf k':ts t 5}gg\

g} eg] klg x'G5 .

cGt/f{li6«o kl/k|]Iodf x]g]{ xf] eg] rnlrq

/ rnlrqsdL{x¿;Fu ;DalGwt k':tsx¿

w]/} g} n]lvPsf kfOG5g\ . t/ g]kfnsf]

;Gbe{df rrf{ ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnL rnlrq /

rnlrqsld{x¿sf af/]df n]lvPsf k':tsx¿

lj/n} dfq kfOG5g\ . cem egf}F eg] g]kfnsf]

rnlrq If]qaf/] n]lvPsf] s'g} l;ª\uf] k':ts

t clxn];Dd k|sflzt ePs} 5}g eGbf klg

km/s kb}{g . lsgeg] clxn];Dddf k|sflzt

lkmNd;DaGwL k':tsx¿sf af/]df rrf{ ug]{ xf]

eg] k|foMh;f] k':tsx¿df cGt/f{li6«o lkmNd–

hut\sf s'/fx¿ g} a9L x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf]

5 eg] s]xL k':tsx¿df k|fljlws s'/fx¿sf

af/]df a9L rrf{ ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

rnlrq ljifodf n]lvPsf] k':tssf] Oltxf;

s]nfpg] xf] eg] lj=;+= @)#* ;fndf k|sflzt

ærnlrqsnfÆ g} klxnf] k':tssf] ¿kdf

cufl8 cfpF5 . h;nfO{ ;femf k|sfzgn]

rnlrqdflysf] k':tssf] ;Gbe{dfærnlrq l;$fGt / g]kfnL rnlrqÆ

k':ts

k'

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf50

lj=;+= @)#* ;fndf k|sfzgdf NofPsf]

xf] eg] of] k':tssf n]vs nIdLgfy zdf{

x'g'x'G5 . pxfF ef/tsf] cGt/f{li6«o Vofltk|fKt

rnlrq cWoogzfnf ælkmNd P08 6]lnlehg

O{lG6:6Ro"6 ckm Ol08of, k'gfÆaf6 rnlrq

lgb]{zgdf l8Knf]df xfl;n ug'{ePsf JolQmTj

x'g'x'G5 . /, pxfFn] ToxfF cWoogsf] qmddf

k9\g'ePsf ljZjljVoft rnlrq ;h{sx¿sf

hLjgLsf] ;f/;ª\If]k ;ª\u|x u/]/ k':tssf]

¿k lbg'ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)#* ;fn;Dd

g]kfnsf] rnlrq If]q Hofb} ;fgf] cj:yfdf

lyof] . lj=;+= @)#( ;fndf k|blz{t æh'gLÆ

aGg'eGbf cufl8 @)@# ;fndf k|blz{t

ædfOtL3/Æafx]s c¿ rnlrqx¿ ;/sf/L

lgsfon] dfq agfpg] u/]sf] lyof] . To;}n]

nIdLgfy zdf{sf] k':ts ærnlrqsnfÆdf

g]kfnL rnlrq af/]df rrf{ 5f]6f] x'g' :jfefljs

g} lyof] . g]kfndf rnlrqaf/] n]lvPsf] klxnf]

k':tssf] bhf{ xfl;n ug{ ;kmn ærnlrqsnfÆ

k':tssf] bf]>f] ;+:s/0f lj=;+= @)^& df cfP/

dfq} k|sfzgdf cfpg ;Dej x'g k'Uof] . @)#*

b]lv @)#& ;fnsf] tLg bzssf] cGt/fndf

g]kfndf k':ts ;+:s[lt -l/l8ª sNr/_ n]

7"nf] km8\sf] df/L;s]sf] lyof] . oxfF kf7Ø–

;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; eO;s]sf] dfq geO{ k|ljlw

/ lj1fgdf klg ljZj w]/} cufl8 al9;s]sf]

5 . ærnlrqsnfÆsf] klxnf] ;+:s/0f n]lv/xFbf

k'gf OlG6Ro"6sf lgb]{zg ljefusf k|fWofks

>Lhg\ l6=;L= z+s/ d+undn] ef/td} ;d]t

lkmNd;DaGwL k':tsx¿ Tolt w]/} gePsf] s'/f

atfpg'ePsf] s'/f n]vs zdf{n] atfpg'ePsf]

5 eg] ef/tdf of] cjlwleq xhf/f}Fsf ;ª\Vofdf

lkmNd;DaGwL k':tsx¿ k|sflzt eO;Sbf

klg g]kfndf o;sf] ;ª\Vof vf;} a9\g ;s]sf]

5}g .

nIdLgfy zdf{sf] ærnlrqsnfÆsf] bf]>f]

;+:s/0fsf] ¿kdf ærnlrqsnf M l;4fGt,

z}nL / k|j[lQÆ klg klxnf] ;+:s/0f eGbf vf;}

km/s eg] 5}g . hubDaf k|sfzgn] k|sfzgdf

NofPsf] bf]>f] ;+:s/0fdf d'b|0f ;'wfl/Psf]

5 . s]xL t:jL/x¿ 5flkPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL

rnlrqaf/]sf] rrf{ cln nlDaPsf] 5 . #)

jif{sf] cGt/fndf cGt/f{li6«o rnlrqsf] bfo/f

km/flsnf] eP/ k[YjLsf] s'gf–s'gf;Dd k'lu;s]sf]

5 . rLg , O/fg / blIf0f sf]l/ofnufotsf y'k|}

b]zx¿sf rnlrq–;h{sx¿n] ljZjdf Voflt

sdfO;s]sf 5g\ .

rnlrq–lgb]{zs nIdLgfy zdf{n] n]v]sf]

Tof] k':ts k|sfzg ePsf] nfdf] cGt/fnkl5

clxn] g]kfndf s]xL k':tsx¿ rnlrq ljifodf

n]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . To:t}, Pp6f k':ts

k':ts

ljz]if u/L rnlrqsf] syf–n]vgaf/] rrf{ ul/Psf]of] kl/R5]bdf rnlrq–syfnfO{ s;/L k|:t't ubf{plrt x'G5 eGg] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ 6]lnrnlrq,6]ln l;/Lon–n]vgdfly k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 .

æ

æ

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 51

ærnlrq l;4fGt / g]kfnL rnlrqÆ xf] . o;

k':tssf n]vs k|f= /fh]Gb| ;'j]bL x'g\ . pgL

d"ntM ;flxTosf/ x'g\, ;flxTo ;dfnf]rs

Pjd\ ljZn]ifs x'g\ clg k|fWofks klg x'g\ .

…g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgf k/Dk/f / k|j[lQÚ, …u'8afO{

5fl8hfg]x¿nfO{Ú, …d x'F cf}Fnf gsfl6Psf

PsnJoÚnufotsf y'k|} k':tssf n]vs Pjd\

…;'lQml;Gw'Únufotsf k':tssf ;Dkfbs

k|f=/fh]Gb| ;'j]bLn] rnlrq ljifodf n]v]sf] of]

k':tsnfO{ n]vsn] ;ft kl/R5]bdf ljefhg

u/]sf 5g\ .

klxnf] kl/R5]bdf– ljifo k|j]z ub}{ rnlrq

zAbsf] cy{ / pTklQaf/] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

rnlrqsf cfjZos tTjx¿af/] pNn]v

ul/Psf] 5 . o;df ljZjhgLg -o'lge;{n_

tTjx¿, k|fljlws tTjx¿ / :yfgLo tTjx¿sf

af/]df JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . bf>f] kl/R5]bdf–

rnlrqsf] cf/De / ljsf;af/]sf s'/fx¿

5g\ . of] kl/R5]bdf rnlrqsf] cfljisf/ /

ljsf;af/]sf s'/fx¿dfly k|sfz kfl/Psf]

5 . rnlrq / /ª\ud~rsf] ;DaGwdfly

snd rnfOPsf] of] kl/R5]bdf rnlrqnfO{

dxfsfJo, gf6s, cfVofg, lrqsnf, ;ª\uLt,

clego, d"lt{–snf, :yfkTo–snf / cfVofg]t/

uBaLrsf] cGt/–;DaGwnfO{ s]nfOPsf] 5 .

t]>f ] kl/R5]b rnlrq of]hgfqmdsf

nflu 5'§ØfOPsf] 5 . of] of]hgfqmd rnlrq

lgdf{0fsf] nflu agfOg'kg]{ of]hgfsf] af/]df

geP/ rnlrq–n]vgsf nflu ul/g'kg] {

of]hgfaf/]sf] xf] . o;df n]vsn] rnlrqsf]

n]vs eg]sf] sf] xf] / rnlrqsf] n]vg s;/L

ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/]df snd rnfPsf 5g\ .

;fy} rnlrqsf ljljw ljwf– syfgs, j[Qlrq,

;dfrf/lrq, 6]lnrnlrq cflbsf leGgtfdfly

k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . ljz]if u/L rnlrqsf]

syf–n]vgaf/] rrf{ ul/Psf] of] kl/R5]bdf

rnlrq–syfnfO{ s;/L k|:t't ubf{ plrt x'G5

eGg] s'/f pNn]v ub}{ 6]lnrnlrq, 6]ln l;/Lon–

n]vgdfly k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . kl/R5]bdf tLg

syfgs rnlrq / 6]lnlehgsf nflu n]lvg]

>[ª\vnfa4 rnlrq, wf/fjflxs rnlrqsf

af/]df pNn]v ul/;s]kl5 rf}+yf] kl/R5]bdf

syfgs rnlrq / wf/fjflxs rnlrqsf]

k6syf–n]vgsf cfjZos tTjx¿dfly lj:t[t

¿kdf rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ .

o:t} u/L klxnf] / bf]>f] kl/R5]bdf

ljZjdf rnlrqsf] k|fb'ef{j / ljsf;af/]

yf]/} rrf{ u/]kl5 kfFrf} + kl/R5]bdf ljZj

rnlrqsf] ljsf;–k|lqmof zLif{sdf To;dfly

lj:t[t rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . 5}F7f} kl/R5]bdf

g]kfndf rnlrqsf] k|j]z / g]kfnL rnlrqsf]

ljsf;–k|lqmofaf/] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;df

k':ts

of] k':ts k|sfzg ug'{kg]{ sf/0fsf] ;Gbe{df k|sfzsn] k':tsdf– æljz]iftM :gftsf]Q/ txsf] g]kfnL ljifodf / :gfts txsf] P]lR5s ljifosf ¿kdf kf7Øqmddf ;dfj]z ePsf] of] ljifo ljBfyL{x¿sf

lglDt pkof]uL x'g] ljifosf ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 .

æ

æ

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf52

g]kfnL rnrlqnfO{ ljleGg sf]0f / sfndf

ljefhg u/L rrf{ ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . /,

klxnf] r/0fsf] ¿kdf lj=;+= @)!! b]lv @)@*

;fnsf] nflu 5'§ØfOPsf] of] kl/R5]bdf @)!)

k"j{sf] …;To xl/ZrGb|ÚnfO{ k[i7e"ld–sfnsf]

¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . @)@( b]lv @)#*

;Dd bf]>f] r/0f, @)#( b]lv @)$^ ;Dd

t]>f], @)$& b]lv @)^! ;Dd rf}+yf] r/0f /

kfFrf}F r/0fdf @)^@ kl5sf] ;donfO{ cl3

;fl/Psf] 5 . ;ftf}F tyf clGtd kl/R5]bdf

g]kfnL rnlrqsf] ;Ldf / k|flKtaf/]sf s'/fx¿

/flvPsf] 5 . o;leq g]kfnL rnlrqdf

lgb]{zgsf] k/Dk/f, cnu wf/sf] k|;ª\unfO{

7fpF lbOPsf] of] k':tssf] clGtd s]xL

k[i7x¿nfO{ tLg kl/lzi6df ljeflht ul/Psf

5g\ . klxnf] kl/lzi6df ljZj rnlrqsf

Vofltk|fKt rnlrq / ltgsf lgb]{zsx¿sf]

sfnqmd ljj/0f, bf]>f] kl/lzi6df g]kfnaflx/

ag]sf g]kfnL rnlrqx¿sf] ljj/0f /

@)^@ ;fn;Dddf lgdf{0f ePsf g]kfnL

rnlrqx¿sf] j0ff{g'qmlds ;"rL lbOPsf] 5

eg] t]>f] kl/lzi6df rnlrq;Fu ;DalGwt

/ To;df k|o'Qm x'g] zAbx¿sf] cy{nfO{ 7fpF

lbOPsf] 5 .

k':ts

of] k':tssf clGtd k[i7x¿df kl/lzi6nfO{

7fpF lbOPsf] 5 . t/ k':tssf] ljifo–;"rLdf

eg] kl/lzi6 gn]vL kl/R5]b g} eg]/ n]lvPsf]

5 . o:t} u/L kl/lzi6 @ -u_ df lbOPsf] @)^@

;fn;Ddsf] g]kfnL rnlrqsf] j0ff{g'qmlds

;"rLnfO{ lgdf{0f jf k|bz{g ldltcg';f/

qmldstf lbOPsf] eP cem pkof]uL x'g] lyof]

eg] kl/lzi6 # df lbOPsf zAbsf cy{x¿df

clxn] l8lh6n k|ljlwdf rnlrq lgdf{0f ubf{

k|o'Qm x'g] zAbx¿sf] cy{ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf]

eP cem /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .

k':tsn] g]kfnL rnlrqsf af/]df w]/}

hfgsf/L lbg] k|oTg u/]sf] 5 . o;af/] lh1f;f

/fVg]x¿sf lh1f;fnfO{ o;n] d]6\g] s'/fdf

zª\sf ug]{ 7fpF 5}g . of] k':ts k|sfzg ug'{kg]{

sf/0fsf] ;Gbe{df k|sfzsn] k':tsdf– æljz]iftM

:gftsf]Q/ txsf] g]kfnL ljifodf / :gfts

txsf] P]lR5s ljifosf ¿kdf kf7Øqmddf

;dfj]z ePsf] of ] ljifo ljBfyL {x¿sf

lglDt pkof]uL x'g] ljifosf ¿kdf lnOPsf]

5 . kf7Ø;fdu|L k|sfzgn] o:tf ljifosf]

k|sfzgdf a9L Wofg s]lGb|t ub{5 .Æ egL

pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ o;nfO{ Pp6f

pkof]uL k':ts xf] egL eGg ;lsG5 .

k':ts M rnlrq l;4fGt / g]kfnL rnlrq

n]vs M /fh]Gb| ;'j]bL

k|sfzs M kf7Ø;fdu|L k;n

;+:s/0f M @)^(

d"No M ¿= %))÷–

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 53

/fhg g]jfM/fhg g]jfM

aGwsLdf 5 p;sf] hLjg .

:jf:gLdflg;sf] hLjg

nf]Ug]dfG5]sf] sAhfdf

lax]sf], l;Gb"/sf], dª\un;"qsf], dGqsf]===

cflb–OToflbsf] 8f]/Ln]

sl;nf] u/L, slxNo} g5'6\g] u/L, gb]lvg] u/L

afFw]/ aGwgdf, h]lnPsf] hLjg .

:jtGq r/Le}mF e'/{/ p8]/ st}

pdª\udf /dfpg] p;sf] rfxgf d[tk|foM 5

lsgeg] p;sf ;fd'

y'k|} lhDd]jf/Lx¿ n6/Dd} lj5ØfOPsf 5g\

gh/x¿ p;dfly 5g\

rf/}lt/af6 5]saf/ 5g\ .

t/, of] t p;sf] OR5f xf]

:jtGq :jMOR5f– ;'/Iff .

of] t dfofsf] aGwg, hxfF p;n] sd{ u5{

cfwf/ kfpF5, clwsf/ kfpF5

/ hdfpF5 3/hd .

sf/0f pm Tof] kl/jf/ afFr]sf] 5

/, p;s} sf/0f Tof] kl/jf/ v'zL 5 .

p;s} g]t[Tjdf, p;s} xf};nfdf

p;s} Tofu, tk:of / ;dk{0fdf

>Ldfg\n] ;dfh ;]jf u5{g\

5f]/f5f]/Ln] ;+;f/ lrofpF5g\

pQ/bfloTj jxg u5{g\

/, cfdfsf] d'xf/df v'zL kmsf{pF5g\ .

aGwgaGwg

sljtf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf54

df:6/ h]=aL= ufpFn]df:6/ h]=aL= ufpFn]

d', d 7"nf] ePÚ;L 8fS6/ aGg] xf] . Tof] lstfadf

k9]sf] ˆnf]/]G; gfOl6ª\u]nn] h:t} dWo/ftdf

aQL xftdf lnP/ hfg] s]6L aGg] . dfd' xh'/

8fS6/ eP/ lg lsg ˆnf]/]G; gfOl6ª\u]nh:t}

aGg' x'Gg===<Ú

5f]/L rG›dfsf] tL k|Zg} k|Zgsf] cf]O/f] /

lh1f;fn] d gfhjfkm x'G5' . /, cfˆgf] sfo/tf

b]vfpb} eG5'– …gfgL=== Û eGgh:tf] Tof] Tolt

;lhnf] 5}g . t/ ug}{ g;Sg] eg] xf]Og . d]/f]

t To:t}–To:t} afWotf lyof], t/ pgLh:tf] aGg

;lsgF . t/ gfgL Tof] ltdL aGg ;S5Øf} . clxn]

g} ltd|f] pgLk|ltsf] e'msfj b]Vbf nfU5– ltdL

ˆnf]/]G; eGbf lg c;n g;{ aGg]5f} .Ú

5f]/Lsf] ?lrdf xf};nf a9fpg pgsf] k|;+;fdf

b'O{–rf/ zAb vlr{g d afWo ePF . aflx/L b[li6n]

t lrQ a'e]mh:tf] u/]F . t/ ToxL s'/f] dgdf

v]nfP/ ps';d's'; eO/x]sf] lyof] .

PsfPs d cfˆgf] arkg ;lDemg k'U5' .

d af–cfdfsL PSnL ;Gtfg lyPF . afn] Tolt

k9\g–n]Vg gkfP lg pxfF a'emsL x'g'x'GYof] .

gq 5f]/fsf] dxTj Hofbf g} x'g] Tof] ;dodf

lg pxfFnfO{ 5f]/fsf] dxTjnfO{ s]n] /f]Sof] t Û

cfdf eGg'x'GYof]– …a"9f Û a'9];sfndf ;xf/f

x'G5 . Pp6f 5f]/f] t kfpg'k5{ x} ÛÚ hjfkmdf

af eGg'x'GYof]– …a'9];sfndf 5f]/f dfq ;xf/f

x'G5g\ / Û 5f]/L lg t x'g ;S5g\ lg Û 5f]/fx¿

x'g] slt af–cfdf lg a'9];sfndf j[4f>ddf

lgM;Gtfgn] e}mF b'Mv e]mln/x]sf x'G5g\ . To;}n]

rGb|df

syf

…df

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 55

oxL 5f]/LnfO 5f]/f] agfP/ x'sf{P–a9fPkl5

o;n] g} xfd|f] 5f]/fsf] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{

;S5] . xfd|L 5f]/L c¿sL h:tL 5}g s] Û Psbd}

;dembf/ / a'l4dfg 5] .Ú

PSnL ;Gtfg ePlsn] g} af–cfdfsf] cln

a9L g} nf8Kof/df k'nk'lnPsL lyPF d . t/

lalu|xfNgrflxF kfOgF . af ef/tLo ;]gfdf

hflu/] x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF clwsf+z pt} sl:d/lt/

n8fOFdf x'g'x'GYof] . dnfO{ nfUYof]– kl9n]vL l5§}

hflu/ vfG5' clg afsf] cfly{s af]em cfˆgf]

sfFwdf lnP/ pxfFsf] hflu/ l5§} 5f]8fpF5' .

…5f]/L ltdL 8fS6/ k9 x} ÛÚ afn] eGg'ePsf]

lyof] . ?lr s'g} c¿ g} lyof], t/ afsf] lrQ

b'vfpg g;s]/ d}n] r'krfk :jLsf/ u/]F .

:s"ndf k9\bf ̂ nf]/]G; gfOl6ª\u]nsf] af/]df

d}n] k9]sL klg lyPF . Tolta]nf nfUYof]– 8fS6/

aGg' g} k/] t o:t} 8fS6/ aGg'k5{ . t/ ha

d :6fkm g;{ k9]/ g;{ ePF To:t} JolQmut

kfl/jfl/s ljleGg sf/0fjz cfk"mnfO{ Tof]

hLjgdf 9fNg' Psbd} ufx|f] eof] . slxn] ;do,

slxn] cfly{s cefjdf k/]/ s7f]/ aGg'kg]{

afWotf cfpFbf] /x]5 . kl5 j}jflxs aGwgdf

afFlwPkl5 t ce}m cK7]/f] >[hgf x'g yfNof] . x'g

t >Ldfg\ k9]–n]v]sf / ;dembf/ lyP . pgn]

d]/f] sfddf slxNo} cj/f]w ug{ vf]h]gg\, a?

s'g} sfd yfNbf xf};nf lbg] uy]{ . t/ klg d}n]

cfˆgf] JolQmTj agfpg r's]s} xF' eGg'k5{ .

laxf ePsf] Ps jif{kl5 d ue{jtL ePF .

slxn] dWo/ft;Dd 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] kIf–ljkIf eP/

xfd|f] h'xf/L g} rNYof] . pgL 5f]/Lsf] kIf lnGy],

d 5f]/fsf] . d eGy]F– …P xh'/=== Û d]/f] k]6df

ePsf] xfd|f] klxnf] ;Gtfg 5f]/f ePsf] eP slt

hftL x'GYof] x} Û kl5 a'9];sfndf af–cfdfsf]

lhDd]jf/L l5§} cfˆgf] sfFwdf lnGYof] .Ú t/

pgL eGy]– …;ª\u', ltdL lsg o:tf] s'/f] u5Øf}{

< ltdL klg t ltd|f af–cfdfsf] 5f]/L xf} lg Û

ltdLn] lg t 5f]/fsf lhDd]bf/L lgefO/lx5f} .

cfˆgf] lhDd]bf/L jxg ug{ 5f]/f g} x'g'k5{ eGg]

s] 5 / Û 5f]/Ln] klg t To;f] ug{ ;lS5g\ lg Û===

dnfO{ t klxnf] ;Gtfg 5f]/L eP v'zL nfUg]5 .

lsgls 5f]/LdfG5] Psbd} ;+j]bgzLn x'G5g\ .

logn] zLn–:jefj klg ;xh} u|x0f u5{g\ .

cl3Nnf] ;Gtfg To:tf] eP kl5sf ;Gtfgsf

nflu /f]ndf]8n x'G5 .Ú

dnfO{ pgL >Ldfg\ x}g afh:tf nfU5g\–

5f]/LdfG5]nfO slt ;Ddfg / k|]d u5{g\ Û d

dgdg} eGy]F– pgL h:tf] nf]Ug] kfpg' t xfdL

:jf:gLdfG5]x¿sf] ;f}efUo xf] .

kl5 pgs} rfxgfcg';f/ xfd|f] klxnf]

;Gtfg 5f]/L g} hlGdO{ . 5f]/L Psbd} ;'Gb/

lyO{ . b]Vg]x¿ eGy]– …5f]/L t :ju{sL cK;/f g}

/lx5 .Ú Hof]ltlifn] p;sf] gfd lrqf /flvlbPsf

lyP . t/ d]/f >Ldfg\ eGy]– …d]/L 5f]/Lsf] o;

3/df k|j]z ePsf] lbgb]lv g} of] 3/ h'g]nL

/fte}mF emndNn pHofnf] ePsf] 5 . To;}n] d]/L

5f]/L lrqf x}g of] 3/sL rG›df g} xf] .Ú

5f]/L a9\b} uO{ . afa' lzIfs ePsf]n] pm

tLg–rf/ jif{b]lv g} afa';Fu :s"n hfg yfnL .

pgL eGy]– …:s"ndf lg ;fyLx¿ eG5g\– df:6/

;fa\, 5f]/L t s:tL cK;/f g} l5g\, Tolt ;fgf]

pd]/df zLn–:jfefj lg s:tf] /fd|f] s] Û x'g

t af–cfdf g} /fd|f] ePÚ;L 5f]/f5f]/L lsg gx'Fbf

x'g\ Û k]ml/ 8fS6/ d]8d klg t slQ dhfsf]

x'g'x'G5 .=== Psrf]6L xl:k6ndf lrghfg ePsf]

lyof], z+s/;/n] eGg'ePsf] lyof] /]– …u'? 3/

ljBf ;/Ú eG5g\ .Ú

syf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf56

afa';Fu ;fg} pd]/b]lv lgoldt :s"n hfg

yfn]kl5 rf/ jif{d} rG›dfnfO{ Ps Snf;df egf{

ul/lbPsf lyof}F xfdLn] . pm k9fO–n]vfOdf klg

cAan b]lvg yfnL .

z'¿sf sIffb]lv g} pm klxnf] x'g yfnL .

k9fO–n]vfOdf dfq x}g, pm zLn–:jfefjdf

klg cufl8 lyO{ . slxn] t nfUYof]– xfdL

s:tf efUodfgL bDktL /x]5f}F x} Û w"nf]–df6f]

v]n]/ latfpg] of] pd]/df lg olt ;dembf/ /

a'l4dfgL 5f]/L kfPsf 5f}F .Ú pgL d]/f] egfOsf]

:jLs[ltdf lz/ xNnfP/ d';'Ss xfF:y]F .

d lrlsT;s ePsf]n] ljleGg pks/0fx¿

tyf ;fdfGo cf}iflw 3/df slxNo} vfnL x'Fb}gYof] .

oL pks/0f / cf}iflwsf af/]df 5f]/L ;w}F dnfO{

;f]lw/xGyL . kl5 t clncln cf}iflwsf] af/]df

klg hfgsf/L kfpg yfln;s]sL lyO{ . xfdL 3/df

gePsf] a]nf Ps lbg Ps hgf l5d]sL cfdfsf]

xft sfl6P5 . pgL d 3/d} 5' eGg] ;f]r]/ 3/df

cfOl5g\ clg ;f]lw5g\– …rG›df, ddL v} t gfgL

< p;n] elg5– …dfd' cfh cln ca]/ cfpg'x'G5

/] . laxfg ahf/lt/ lsgd]n ug{ hfg] s'/f ub}{

x'g'x'GYof] . zfob pt} hfg'eof] xf]nf .=== afafsf]

lg :s"ndf ldl6ª 5 /] Û cln ca]/ g} ug{'x'G5 .===

s] sfd xf] / cfdf < dnfO{ eGg ldNg] eP eGg"

g Û ;fFem dfd'nfO elglbpmFnf lg ÛÚ

pgn] cfˆgf] xft b];fpFb} elg5g\– …3fF;

sf6\g hfFbf xFl;of k'mlTsP/ xft sfl6of] . cln

Hofbf g} /ut aUg yfNof] .=== c:ktfn clxn]

aGb e};Sof] xf]nf . To;}n] ;ª\lutfgfgL ot}

x'g'x'G5 ls eg]/ cfÚsf] gfgL . t/ cfpg'ePsf]

/x]g5 . kl5 cfpg' knf{ .Ú o;f] eGb} pgL

lgl:sg vf]Hbf p;n] elg5– …v} v}=== cfdf,

3fp sqf] 5 x]/d\ t Û=== clncln dndk§L

nufP/} x'g] eP t d yfxf kfOxfN5' lg ÛÚ

p;n] tL a"9Lcfdfsf] 3fp ;kmf u/]/ dndk§L

nufOlbO5 / b'vfO sd ug]{ cf}iflw lbP/

elg5– …cfdf, w]/} lrGtf dfGg' kb}{g . k]ml/, 3fp

w]/} lg /x]g5 . b'v]sf] a]nf of] cf}iflw vfg'xf]nf

Û km]l/ ef]ln cfpg'xf]nf, bafO nufOlbDnf Û

b'O{–tLg lbgd} 7Ls e}xfN5 .Ú

w]/} kl5;Dd klg tL cfdf dnfO{ elg/xlGyg\–

;ª\uLtfgfgL Û xfdLn] t tkfOFnfO{ dfq 8fS6/

dfGYof}F, t/ 5f]/L lg 8fS6/ e}xflnl5g\ . xfd|f]

nlnt ltg} gfgL;Fu}sf] t xf], af}nfxf Û vfln tf/f

ulg/xG5, w"nf] v]n]/=== Psl5g 3/ a:b}g, t/

rG›dfgfgL x]g{';\ . ;fFRrL gfgL, logL Ps lbg

cfsfzsf] rG›dfh:t} ;a}sf] Kof/L x'g]l5g\ .===

bz jif{sf] slnnf] pd]/d} o:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ ce}m

cln l5Kkn a'4LsL ePkl5 sl:t xf]lng\ Û o:tL

5f]/Lsf] afa'–cfdf x'g t efUodf lnP/ cfpg'k5{ .Ú

5f]/Lsf] o;/L k|z+;f ;'g]/ d cfglGbt eO/x]F .

3/df klg sf]xL ;fgf]ltgf] la/fdL eP eg]

cf}iflwkfgL v'jfpg]b]lv lnP/ cfk"mn] hfg]sf ;a}

sfd u5]{ . slxn]sfxLF d ;fdfGo la/fdL eP/

56kl6Fbf t pm eGg] u5]{– …dfd', ladf/ ;a}nfO t

nfU5 . lsg o;/L cflQg' x'G5 < lsg lrGtf ug{'

x'G5 < dgdf tgfj eof] eg] t ;–;fgf /f]ux¿n]

v"a ;tfpF5g\ . To;}n] hlt kL8f eP lg dgdf

v'zL /Xof] eg] cfwf /f]u t To;} ;~rf] x'G5 lg

Û=== c¿ la/fdL x'Fbf xh'/ g} o;f] eGg'x'GYof] lg .

clg cfk}mF 8fS6/ eP/ lg o:tf] ug]{=== <Ú d nfhn]

et'Ss x'G5' clg p;nfO ;'d;'DofpFb} eG5'– …gfgL,

ltdL ;fFRrL Ps lbg 7"nf] 8fS6/ aGg]5f} .Ú

Ps lbg :s"naf6 cfPkl5 rG›dfsf]

afaf la/fdL k/] . kvfnf a9L g} eP/ xf]

ls lsg Hj/f] xgxGtL cfO/x]sf] lyof] . d

syf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 57

xl:k6naf6 cfpFbf pgL la5Øf}gfdf klN6P/

lgs} 56k6fO/x]sf lyP . zfob a9L g} kL8f

eof] xf]nf . 5f]/L pgs} 5]pdf a;]/ kfgLk§L

nufO/x]sL lyO{ . d}n] ;f]w]F– …rG›df, s] eof]

gfgL=== afafnfO{ <Ú

p;n] egL– …la/fdL kg{'eof] . kvfnf lg

nfu]sf] 5 /] Û cl3 t Hj/f] a9L g} lyof] . clxn]

cln sd efÚ5 .Ú

d sk8f gabn]/} cQflnFb} pgL5]p uPF .

hfFr u/]F . cj:yf Tolt lrGtfhgs lyPg .

…hLjghn vfg'ePsf] xf]=== <Ú ;f]w]F .

– …cF, 5f]/Ln] agfP/ v'jfÚsL .Ú

/ft lgs} ca]/;Dd klg kvfnf yfldPg .

Hj/f] klg emg\ a9]sf] lyof] .

…ef]ln laxfg;Dd 7Ls ePg eg] xl:k6nd}

hfg'k5{ . clxn] ;a} hfFRg] pks/0f lg 5}gg\ oxfF .

pxLF uP/ r]sck u/fpg'knf{ .Ú d}n] eg]F .

/flt !! ah];Dd a;]kl5 clnslt cfFvf

nfu]5g\ . km]l/ eml:sP/ !@ ah] lapFlemPF . 5f]/L

ce}m ;'t]sL lyOg . /fd|/L gp3|]s} cfFvf lnP/

d}n] ;f]w]– …clxn] s:tf] 5 lg xh'/nfO{=== <Ú

pgL t uDeL/ eP/ eGg yfn]– …;ª\u' Û

ltdL t 8fS6/ aGof} . d]l8sn sfplG;nsf]

k/LIff pQL0f{ u¥of} . ;/sf/L 8fS6/ eof} .

;/sf/L hflu/ ePÚ;L ;/sf/L 8Ø'6L lg

l;Sof} . t/ cfˆgf] 8fS6/sf] st{Jolt/ Tolt

jf:tf ul/gf} . cfh d la/fdL kbf{ lg ltDn]

t r]shfFr u¥of}, cf}iflw klg v'jfof} t/

dhf;Fu ;'Tof} . t/ logL 5f]/L t dnfO{ ;fIfft\

8fS6/ nflU5g\ . :s"n–hLjgdf k9\bf ˆnf]/]G;

gfOl6ª\u]nsf] hLjgL k9fpFbf ;/n] v"a hf]8

lbP/ ;'gfpg'x'GYof] . pgsf] hLjg–sxfgL ;'Gbf

8fS6/ aGg dg gk/fpg] s]6LdfG5] sd} e]l6Gy]

xf]nf . Tof] sxfgL ;'Gbf xfDnfO{ lg 8fS6/ g}

aGg] OR5f hfUYof] . ;fFRr} Tof] s'g} sfNklgs

sxfgLh:tf] nfUYof] . dnfO{ olta]nf ToxL

sxfgL emnemNtL ofb cfO/x]5 .Ú

/flt ca]/;Dd lg g;'t]sf]n] d}n] eg]F–

…5f]/L, ca ltdL ;'ltxfn Û ef]ln laxfg ;a]/}

p7\g'k5{ . k]ml/ :s"n lg t hfg'k¥of] . Hofbf

lg›f /Xof] eg] la/fdL kl/G5 .Ú

t/ p;n] egL– …ddL Û ̂ nf]/]G; gfOl6ª\u]n

dWo/ft;Dd lg la/fdLsf] /]vb]vsf] nflu

aQL xftdf lnP/ lxFl8/xlGyg\ /] Û pgL

sf]–sf] la/fdLnfO{ t Tolt dfof u/]/ /ftlbg

vl6/xlGyg\ eg] s] d cfˆgf] afaf la/fdL kbf{

lg Ps /ft ;]jf ug{ ;lSbgF / ÛÚ

/ftel/ pgL la/fdL afafnfO{ slxn] hLjghnsf]

kfgL v'jfpFlyg\, slxn] kfgL–k§L nufOlblGyg\ .

d}n] efjljef]/ eP/ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//x]F .

em08} laxfgLkv d]/f >Ldfg\ ;~rf] aGb}

uP .

pgn] 5f]/Lsf] xft ;'d;'DofP / crfgs

a/atL{ cfF;' emfb}{ eg]– …;fFlRrs} d]/L 5f]/L

kl5 8fS6/ agL eg] ˆnf]/]G; gfOl6ª\u]neGbf

sd xf]nL t Û=== Kof/L 5f]/L, ltdL ;w}Fel/

o:t} /lx/xg" Û ltd|f] of] arkgsf] afgL slxNo}

x/fP/ ghfcf];\ Û dnfO{ ltd|f] oxL Jojxf/

rG›dfsf] pHofnf]h:t} rlDs/x]e}mF nfU5 .Ú /,

5f]/Lsf] lz/df xft /fVb} k]ml/ af]n]– …cfzLjf{b

5 5f]/L, ltd|f] ˆnf]/]G; gfOl6ª\u]n aGg] ;kgf

l5§} ;fsf/ xf];\ ÛÚ

pgsf] s'/f ;'g]/ dnfO{ efpGg xf]nfh:tf]

eof] . cfˆgf] st{Jo /fd|/L lgefpg g;s]sf]df

kZrftfk\sf] cfuf]n] dnfO{ etetL kf]Ng yfNof] .

syf

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf58

;'jf; 9sfn;'jf; 9sfn

lxF8\bflxF8\b} sxfF cfOk'U5 lhGbuL

slxn] bu'/]h:tf], slxn] yfldPh:tf]

sxLF–st} x/fPh:tf], sxLF–st} e]l6Ph:tf]

sxLF–s]xL u'dfPh:tf], sxLF–s]xL kfPh:tf]

;dosf] j]u;Fu} rln/xG5 of] lhGbuL .

lxF8\bflxF8\b} sxfF cfOk'U5 lhGbuL

slxn] ;f]r]h:tf] slxn] g;f]r]h:tf]

sxLF–st} clNemPh:tf], sxLF–st} gclNemPh:tf]

sxLF–s]xL ldn]h:tf], sxLF–s]xL gldn]h:tf]

;dosf] j]u;Fu} rln/xG5 of] lhGbuL .

lxF8\bflxF8\b} sxfF cfOk'U5 lhGbuL

slxn] c:tfPh:tf], slxn] pbfPh:tf]

sxLF–st} k'u]h:tf], sxLF–st} gk'u]h:tf]

sxLF–sf]xL cfˆg} h:tf], sxLF–sf]xL k/fO{h:tf]

;dosf] j]u;Fu} rln/xG5 of] lhGbuL .

lxF8\bflxF8\b} sxfF cfOk'U5 lhGbuL

slxn] dflQPh:tf], slxn] cflQPh:tf]

sxLF–st}} psflnPh:tf], sxLF–st} ss/flnPh:tf]

sxLF–sf]xL l/;fPh:tf], sxLF–sf]xL v'zL ePh:tf]

;dosf] j]u;Fu} rln/xG5 of] lhGbuL .

lxF8\bflxF8\b} sxfF cfOk'U5 lhGbuL

slxn] lgbfPsf] h:tf], slxn] lapFlemPsf] h:tf]

sxLF–st} 6'6]h:tf], sxLF–st} h'6]h:tf]

sxLF–sf]xL cfk}mFh:tf], sxLF–sf]xL c¿h:tf]

;dosf] j]u;+u} rln/xG5 of] lhGbuL .

lxF*\bflxF*\b} sxfF cfOk'U% lhGbuL

sljtf

:tDe M gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf ;flxTo

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf 59

zf/bfsf] df}lns P]ltxfl;s k[i&jif{ !, ;Djt\ !((!, r}t, ;ª\Vof @

b:tfj]h

ebf}–@)&%zf/bf60

ljdn ef}sfhLljdn ef}sfhLbimalbhaukajee@hotmail.com

s}lkmot

k|s[lt• • k|s[ltn] u¥of] cfljisf/ Û

/Út k|s[ltd} /dfO/x]5f}F xfdL .

• • xfF:g ;S5f}F, gfRg ;S5f}F

dgsf] rfxgfdf cfk"mv';L ug{ ;S5f}F

• cfFvfx¿ lbPsf] 5 k|s[ltn]

t/ x]lb{gF eGg kfOG5,

• sfgx¿ lbPsf] 5

;'lGbgF eGg klg kfOG5

• d'v klg lbPsf] 5 k|s[ltn]

t/ af]lNbgF eGg kfOG5 .

• • k|s[ltn] c¿ klg cª\u lbPsf] 5

• b'O{ v'§f lbPsf] 5,

glxF8L r'krfk a:g kfOG5,

• b'O{ xft klg lbPsf] 5

sfd ulb{gF eGg kfOG5 .

• • 5ftL b'V5, d'6' g} b'V5

gb'v]e}mF ;x]/, b'v]g eGg kfOG5

• tkfO{+ :jtGq x'g'x'G5 h] klg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5

tkfO{+sf] clegodf s;}n] lj/f]w ub}{g

• tkfO{+sf] lqmofsnfklj?4

s;}n] cbfntdf hfx]/L lbFb}g .

• •• • t/ k|s[ltsf] lj?4 hfg kfpg'x'Gg tkfO{+

s], z/L/sf] ef]s z'¿ ePkl5 tkfO{+leq–

tkfO{+, ef]s nfu]sf] 5}g eGg ;Sg'x'G5 < <