5.2: Cellular Respiration

5.2: Cellular Respiration(Aerobic Respiration)Plantsmake food (sugar) through photosynthesisAnimals and other organismsget food by eating plants and animalsEnergy Review

Cellular respiration glucose and food are broken down to make energy (ATP) in ALL organismsOccurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotesOccurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotesCellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energyCellular Respiration EquationReactantsProductsAerobic Respiration: breaking down of glucose molecules into smaller pieces in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP

Cellular Respiration

THREE STEPS OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION1. Glycolysis2. Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)Cellular Respiration

1. Glycolysis: occurs in cytoplasm; glucose is split in half, forming a pyruvate molecule2 ATP releasedElectrons released and carried to mitochondria by NADHCellular Respiration

Cellular RespirationGlycolysis quizWhere does glycolysis take place?

What molecule is used in glycolysis?

What are the products of glycolysis?

What ultimately happens to each of these products?

Write an equation that represents glycolysis

2. Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle: occurs in the mitochondria; pyruvate is split into smaller pieces CO2 gas released (we breathe it out)2 ATP releasedElectrons released and move to mitochondrial membrane by NADH and FADH2Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration

FAD+FADHFAD+

NAD+NADHNAD+Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle QuizWhere does the CAC occur?

What molecule is used in the CAC?

What are the products of the CAC? What happens to each of these products?

Write an equation that represents the CACElectron Transport Chain (ETC): made of proteins; occurs in the mitochondriaNADH & FADH2 drop off electrons at proteinsElectrons lose energy as get passed from protein to proteinEnergy used to make ATP (ATP Synthase)32 ATP madeElectrons finally passed to OXYGEN to make WATERCellular Respiration

TOTAL ENERGY: 36 ATP from 1 glucoseCellular Respiration

ETC quizWhat is the ETC?

What molecules bring the electrons to the ETC?

What happens as the electrons get passed from protein to protein down the ETC?

What happens to the extra energy?

What happens to the electrons at the end of the ETC?CR AnimationGlycolysisKrebs Cycle (CAC)ETCGlucosePyruvateNADHCO2ATPATPO2NADHFADH2ATPH2OCellular Respiration(Anaerobic Respiration)Anaerobic Respiration: breaking down glucose molecules into smaller pieces the ABSENCE of oxygen to produce ATPCellular Respiration

TWO STEPS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION1. Glycolysis: occurs in cytoplasm; glucose is split in half, forming a pyruvate molecule2 ATP releasedElectrons released and carried to mitochondria

Cellular Respiration

TWO STEPS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION2. Fermentation: breaking down pyruvate without oxygen

Cellular Respiration

Lactic acid fermentation: pyruvate is broken down into lactic acid + ATP2 ATP releasedLactic acid builds up as in muscle cells & causes burning sensation (muscle cramping) during strenuous exercises

C-C-C + NADH H-C-C-C + ATP + NAD+pyruvate e carrier lactic acid energy carrierCellular Respiration

Alcoholic fermentation: pyruvate is broken down into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and ATP in yeast and bacterial cells2 ATP releasedUsed in making bread and alcohol beer

C-C-C + NADH C-C-OH + CO2 + ATPPyruvate + e carrier alcohol + carbon + energy dioxideCellular Respiration

EatDigestionGlycolysisCitric acid cycleElectron transport chainOxygen is presentNo oxygen is present Fermentation(anaerobic respiration)Lactic acid fermentationAlcoholic fermentationIn animalsIn yeastAerobic respirationCellular Respiration_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis vs.Respirationfood synthesized food broken downrequires energyproduces energyChloroplastmitochondria/cytoplasmOnly autotrophs Autotrophs and heterotrophs (all living cells)