5/195/191. What are characteristics of birds?2. What are the different type of birds?3. What are characteristics of reptiles?4. How are crocodiles and alligators different?5. What adaptations do birds have for flight?6. How is a salamander different then frogs?7. What is a row of sense organs on a fish called?

VertebratesVertebratesVertebratesVertebrates

Phylum:Phylum: ChordateChordate

All Vertebrates are chordates, BUT not all All Vertebrates are chordates, BUT not all chordates are vertebrateschordates are vertebrates

Tunicate Lancelet

Chordate CharacteristicsChordate Characteristics Notochord

Gives the body structureMay be replaced with a backbone

Hollow Nerve cordSpinal cord in humans

Pharyngeal PouchFound in all embryosMay turn into gill slits or other body parts

Tail Broken into two groups: invertebrates and vertebrates

Vertebrate CharacteristicsVertebrate Characteristics

Have a backbone Have endoskeletons Bilateral symmetry Reproduce Sexually Ex. Fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals

FishFishMovement: finsRemove oxygen from the water with gillsCold BloodedLateral Line systemReproduction:

External, some are internalLay eggs

Three type of fishThree type of fish Jawless No bones- skeletons are made of cartilageRound, jawless mouthsEx. Hagfish and lamprey

Cartilaginous No bones- skeletons are made of cartilageJawNo swim bladderEx. Sharks and rays

Bony fishSkeletons are made of boneSwim bladder for buoyancyEx. Flounder and trout

AmphibiansAmphibiansMeans double lifeCold bloodedThin moist skinSexual reproduction

most external fertilization

Lay eggs in water

MetamorphosisMetamorphosis–Young

have gills,have a tail live in water

–Adults have lungs,no tailLive on land near water

Two typesTwo typesSalamanders and newts

Keep tails as adultsFrogs and toads

Fogs: smooth moist skinToads: dry, bumpy skin

ReptilesReptilesCold bloodedHave lungsInternal ReproductionLay eggs on land

Hard, leathery shell

Amniotic eggs

Three typesThree typesAlligators and crocodiles

Are carnivoresAlligators- broad rounded snoutsCrocodiles- narrow pointed snouts;

teeth are visible when mouth is closedTurtles

Have shells for protectionLizards and snakes:

lizards lay eggs, snakes do not!!

BirdsBirds Warm blooded Internal fertilization

Lay eggs on land have amniotic fluid and a hard shellNurture their young (take care of them)

Only animal with feathersDown feathers- for insulationContour feathers- stiff, streamlined for flight

Flight AdaptationsFlight AdaptationsFeathersLightweight body with hollow bonesHigh metabolism (digest food quickly for

energy)Diet consists of high protein Air sacs – store oxygenStrong flight muscles

Four different typesFour different typesFlightless-

Unable to fly- short wingsEx.Penguin, ostrich

Water birdsGood swimmers- webbed feetEx. Ducks, geese

Types cont.Types cont.Birds of prey

Talons, curved beak, good eyesightEx. Hawk, owl, eagle

Perching (Song Birds)Feet are adapted for branchesEx. Cardinal, blue jay

MammalsMammalsWarm bloodedHave hair or furHave mammary glands –feed their

young with milkSexual reproduction

Internal fertilizationNurture young

Types of mammals(classified based on the way they

develop)

Types of mammals(classified based on the way they

develop)

MonotremesLay eggsEx. Duckbill platypus, spiny anteater

MarsupialsGive birth to live young that are not well

developedYoung develop in pouch like structure in the

mothers bodyEx. Kangaroo, koala, opossum, wallabies,

Tasmanian devil

Placental mammalsPlacental mammalsGive birth to live young that can function

independently (develop within the mother’s body first)

Placenta- where food,oxygen and wastes are exchanged between mother and child

Placental mammals cont. Placental mammals cont.

Ex. Humans, bats, lions, seals, bears, manatees, elephants, monkeys, etc.