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5 Themes of Geography
Geography• Geography is the study of:
– People, the places they live, and how they all interact.
5 Themes
Location and Place• Location gives a definite location
– Absolute or Relative locations• Place - describes the human/ physical
characteristics– Describes mountains, rivers, deserts, etc.– Ex. Ashburn is flat and heavily populated with few rivers.
It also has people from many different nations• Location and place are different because…
– One describes WHERE you are– The other describes WHAT your place is like
Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, and Region
• Human-Environment Interaction– Explains how humans adapt and modify their environment to better
suit their needs– Ex. Air conditioning or leveling land for housing
• Movement looks at how and why humans move around the world and what they bring with them– Ex. Cultural diffusion and migration
• Regions are units of geographic study– Formal regions- clearly defined regions (countries)– Functional regions- defined by connections
• Ex. DC Metro Area – connected by the Beltway– Vernacular regions- no formal boundaries, but known
• Ex. The Midwest or The South or Northern VA
NOW LETS SING ALONG TO THE 5 Themes of Geography
Song!
I know you are super excited
Latitude & Longitude : the Global Gridthe Global Grid
• An imaginary grid of lines used to find location
• Can be found on most maps throughout the world
• It is a uniform measurement (all countries use it)
• An imaginary grid of lines used to find location
• Can be found on most maps throughout the world
• It is a uniform measurement (all countries use it)
LLAATITUDETITUDE
• Imaginary lines that run Across the earth
• Parallel - they never touch!!!• They measure distance North or South of
the equator
LATITUDE
A = ACROSS !!!!!!!
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
• Remember - THEY ARE LONG
• Measure distance East or West of the Prime Meridian
• Intersect above the North and South Pole
• (Run Up & Down on a map) - Usually!!!
Reading Latitude and Longitude
• When reading maps for location, you must use latitude and longitude to locate your destination
• Latitude always comes first, then Longitude– Ex. 40 N, 160 E or 27 S, 17 E
• Use the worksheets given to practice finding location• Use the sheet to define and sketch the different
types of geographic features
Want another song?? If not too bad
Types of Land Forms
Island – land area that is surrounded by water
Long Island
Archipelago – chain of islands
Hawaiian Islands
Cape – Narrow point of land that extends into a body of water
Cape Cod, MA
Peninsula – piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides
Florida
Hill – area of raised land that is lower and more rounded than a mountain
HillsAcadia National Park
Maine
Mountain – high, steep, rugged land that rises sharply above the surrounding land.
Mount McKinley, Alaska
Plain – broad area of fairly level land that is generally close to sea level
PlainsCheyenne River Sioux Reservation
Wyoming
Plateau – large area of high, flat, or gently rolling land
Bateke PlateauGabon, Africa
Desert – area that has little or no moisture or vegetation
Sahara Desert, Africa
Coast – land that borders the sea
Jones Beach
Continent – any of seven large land masses on the Earth’s surface
South AmericaAntarctica
Australia
Asia
EuropeNorth America Africa
Sub-continent – an area of land that is part of a continent but is separated by something (landform, language, etc.
IndiaCentral (Latin)
America
Isthmus – narrow strip of land joining two large land areas or joining a peninsula to a mainland.
Isthmus of Panama
Strait – narrow channel that connects two larger bodies of water
Strait of Gibraltar
Tributary – stream or small river that flows into a larger stream or river
River – large stream of water that empties into an ocean, lake, or another river
Hudson and Mohawk Rivers
tributary map of Lake Erie
Bay – part of a body of water that is partly enclosed by land
Jamaica Bay
Gulf – arm of an ocean or sea that is partly enclosed by land, usually larger than a bay.
Gulf of Mexico
Lake – body of fresh water surrounded by land
Great Lakes
Sea – large body of salt water that is smaller than an ocean
Black Sea
Ocean – any of the large bodies of salt water on the Earth’s surface.
A
B
C
DPacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Indian Ocean