5 Cell Specialisation

8/13/2019 5 Cell Specialisation

1/11

What are these cells?

How are they specialised to perform their

function?


2/11

CELLSPECIALISATIONDefine terms differentiation & specialisation

-erythrocytes, neutrophils, epithelial cells, sperm cells,

palisade cells, root hair cells, xylem, Phloem &

cambium


3/11

Which organism has the highest surface area to volume ratio?

The single celled Amoeba

Polar bear or other multi cellular

organism


4/11

Which organism has the highest surface area to volume ratio?

The single celled Amoeba

12:8 = 3:2

Polar bear or other multi cellular

organism

20:25


5/11

Large s/a: volume

All cells exposed to

environment

Effective exchange

surface-for what?

All cells perform allfunctions

Smaller s/a: volume

Not all cells in contact

with external

environment

Therefore: Specialised

cells to perform

different functions

Single celled organisms Multi-cellular organisms


6/11

Youngcell

Celldivision

Cellgrowth

Cellspecialisation

Mature cell-Unlikely or

unable to

divide again

What is DifferentiationWhen a cell becomes specialised to carry out a

particular job/function

What categories of differentiation are there?

Change number of particular organelle e.g. musclecell

Change the shape of the cell e.g. root hair cell

Change some of the contents of the cell e.g. RBC

ALL 3!!


7/11

Specialised Cell How the cell is specialised for

its functionErythrocyte

Neutrophil

Sperm cell

Palisade Cell

Root hair cell

Guard Cell

Ciliated Epithelium

In your group, split the cells between you. Research your cell. Later you

will need to explain your findings to the rest of the group


8/11

What are tissues, organs and organ

systems?

Write a definition and an example of the following on the

yellow post-its and stick under the appropriate heading:

Tissue

Organ

Organ system

.


9/11

What are tissues, organs and organ systems?

Cells make up TISSUES, groups of the same kind of

cells performing a common function e.g. xylem and

phloem in plants, muscle tissue in animals

Groups of different types of tissues are arrangedtogether to form organs e.g. the stomach consists of

mucus membrane tissue, muscle tissue, etc

Organs are grouped into systems e.g. respiratorysystem, reproductive system. organ systems consist of

a number of organs working together to perform an

overall life function

.


10/11

GROUPESSAY

In this question, onemark is available for thequality of spelling,punctuation andgrammar.

Below is a picture ofblood showing both redand white blood cells.

Describe how red bloodcells, such as thoseshown in the picture areadapted for their function.

(Allow one lined page). [6] Quality of Written

Communication [1]

[Total 7 marks]

Think about the otherside of the course too!!


11/11

1 haemoglobin/haem, carries oxygen/AW;

2 detail of no. of oxygen molecules carried;

3 small size/large SA:V ratio, so haemoglobin never far from cell

surface/AW;

4 flexible/elastic/stretchy/changes shape/AW;5 small size/stretchiness/AW, allows red cells to, fit/squeeze, into

capillaries;

6 biconcave/AW [A dimpled], gives, increased/AW, surface area

relat ive to volume (for dif fus ion );

7 no nucleus to maximise room for, haemoglobin/oxygen/AW;

8 contain carbonic anhydrase;9 describe, the reaction catalysed by carbonic anhydrase/role in

maintenance of diffusion gradient/AW;

10 transport of carbon dioxide as carbamino-haemoglobin/CO2

combines with Hb;

11 ref buffering effect;

12 AVP; e.g. further detail of oxygen carriage

variable oxidation state of Fe

idea that small size allows them to be close to tissue or cells

lack of, other/named, named organelles, also increases

room for Hb/O2 max 6

13 QWClegible text with accurate spelling, punctuation and grammar;

1[7]

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5 Cell Specialisation