4.Man-Made Tourist Resources

7/22/2019 4.Man-Made Tourist Resources

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Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova

Tourism and Hotel Services Faculty

Project in Tourist Resource Management

Course

Student Chicaroș Carolina , T-133Coordonator Roman Livandovschi

Chisinau-2014



Theme 1. The subject of study Tourism

Resources Management

1. Introduction to the tourism resources

management

Objectives:

O1- to define tourism and the meaning of tourist;

O2- to present several scientists opinions concerning tourism

definition; O3- to find some demonstrative methods.

Key words: tourist, tourism, traveler.



O1- to define tourism and the meaning of tourist

Tourist- 1.a person who is traveling or visiting a place for

pleasure; 2. (BrE) a member of a sports team that is playing a

series of official games in a foreign country.

Tourism - the business activity connected with providing

accommodation, services and entertainment for people who

are visiting a place for pleasure.

O2- to present several scientists opinions concerning

tourism definition

The travel can be undertaken for many reasons, the most

common are pleasure, business, and study. The subject of

travel is very exciting and fascinating.



O3- to find some demonstrative methods

The tourism industry is one of the most importantsource of income and foreign exchange, and it is

growling rapidly. Four different perspectives of tourism

can be identified:

The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experience

and satisfactions;

The businesses providing tourist goods and services;

The government of the host community or area. ;

The host community. Local people usually see tourism as a

cultural and employment factor.



Conclusion:Tourism is a dynamic activity taking a lot of

space, it involves different transportation

links. The romance of travel may not be whatit was in the days of steam, safaris and

stewards but it is the most important industry

in the world.



2. The position in the system of economic and

geographical sciences

Objectives:

O1- to find the relation between tourism and economy;

O2- to stress the importance of tourism with geography;

O3- to characterize the tourism with other sciences.

Key words: economy, link, impact.



O1- to find the relation between tourism and economy

Importance of an economic nature. Considerable incomesare obtained through the consumption of tourism product.Tourism is becoming a top economic field. Tourism is thefastest growing industry in the world, contributing 6% to theworld economy.

O2- to stress the importance of tourism with geography

Geotourism is tourism that sustains, or even enhances, the

geographical character of a place, such as its culture,environment, heritage, and well-being of its residents. Relationbetween geography and tourism are named Geotourism, italso can influence on tourism, here are specified theenvironment.



O3- to characterize the tourism with other sciences

Tourism activity is common with such sciences as:

geology, history, biology, psychology, medicine, chemistry

which also participate in the setting up of tourism potential of

a given region.

Hydrology – gives tourism the information about the tide

periods, weather (situation in the seas, oceans, river

regimes and character, dangerous zones).

Meteorology- It present the situation concerning the

weather which is a direct influence on the tourism activity,

i.e. it is useful not only concerning the clothes of tourists,

but also the activity in tourism infrastructure.



Conclusion:

We have just know the retort: ”The strength

only appear , when they are more than one

person”, in this case, to conclude, I could say

that tourism with the help of many sciences

and economic branches had become-one ofthe important branch of economy. Only the

word “tourism” for all the people in the world

create the impression about entertaining andrelax and, of course, to find something new

that daily appears in our epoch.



3. Principles, methods and means of study

Objectives:

O1- to specify the main principles, methods and means ofstudy.

Key words: principles, methods and means.



O1- to specify the main principles, methods and means ofstudy.

Tourism activity uses a series of principles, specific:

The principles of specialty- according to which the research

of tourism phenomena make use as a key method of

observation and is means of study- the description.

Principles of causality (cause)- which aim is the study of

appearance (emergence) assertion and development of

tourism process.

Principles of integration- of characteristic phenomena in

logical structures, designed to show the objective aspects.



Conclusion:

To sum up, we have to understand these

three principles ,the methods and means ofstudy for a correct perceiving in detailed

study of each natural elements, and

generally, of tourist phenomenon.



4.The categories of tourism resources

management

Objectives:

O1 - to develop the meaning of tourism;

O2- to specify the categories of tourists and its explanations;

O3 - to enumerate categories of tourism.

Key words: tourist, visitor, traveler, excursionist.



O1- to develop the meaning of tourism;

The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as peoplewho ”travel to and stay in places outside their usual

environment for not more than one consecutive year forleisure, business and other purposes not related to theexercise of an activity remunerated from within the placevisited”.

O2- the categories of tourists and its explanations

The tourist is the driving force under the tourismphenomenon, while tourism is the result of this activity.

International tourism

Internal tourism

Domestic tourism

National tourism



O3- to enumerate categories of tourism

The tourism phenomenon is defined by a seriesof notions. The most used are:

tourist; tourism; tourism potential; tourist supply;

tourist demand.

Natural tourism resources: climate; relief.

Man-made resources:museums, monuments; churches.

Tourist: infrastructure; tourist potential; tourist flow; tourist

product; Tourism market; tourism content; tourism balance; tourism

market.



Conclusion:

Tourism in our days he different

meanings and senses, as tourist that takepart in the own category and have special

understandings so ”Tourism is leaving its

mark, often too literally so” .



5. The factors influencing the tourism

phenomenon

Objectives:

O1 - to define the meaning of demographic factors;

O2 - to analyze the economic and politic factors;

O3 - to reveal more clearly the psychological and social

factors.

Key words: factors, economy, politic, psychology, social.



O1 - to define the meaning of demographic factors

Demog raph ic factors- persons needs of relaxation,

physical-psychical recovering and of knowing;

O2 - to analyze the economic and politic factors

Econom ic factors- they are very important for tourismphenomenon.

Pol i t ic facto rs- they often contribute to the development orthe restriction of the tourism activity

O3- to reveal more clearly the psychological and socialfactors

Psychological factors- it involves the mental activity ofpeople concerning its interests for nature, health andbeauty.

Social factors - the brain of this is free time of population.



Conclusion:

I dare say that when a tourist choose aplace or country in order to visit it, he thinks

about the environment he will be around i.e.about all factors I have mentioned, that havea great influence on a country. And, afteranalyzing them he tries to do a conclusion ifhave or not have to go to the adequate placeor a country.



Theme 2. The history of tourism

development

1. The stage of tourism in ancient times

(antiquity)

Objectives:

O1- to show the development of tourism in Antiquity;

O2- to speak about Greeks and ancient Greece;

O3- to stress the important of Roman Empire.

Key words: pilgrimage, culture, country, Asia, Europe,

Greece.



O1- to show the development of tourism in Antiquity

The emergence of human civilization in East Asia, South

Asia, South-West Asia, in the Mediterranean represented a

favorable occasion for tourism movements.

Alexandria - Egypt



East Asia - China



South Asia - India



South-West Asia-Mesopotamia



O2- to speak about Greeks and ancient Greece

While previous civilisations had set the stage for development of

travel, the Romans brought it all together. In Greeks times water

was the most important means of moving commercial goods.

Athens-Greece



O3- to stress the important of Roman Empire

The Roman combination of empire, roads,wealth, leisure,

tourist attractions, and a desire for travel created a demand

for accommodation and other tourist services.

Rome- Italy



Conclusion:

Middle Age was an important stage in

tourism development and for whole world,

because: appear first university, the sporting

games, and a lot of link ways.



2. The stage of tourism in the middle ages

until the Renaissance

Objectives:

O1- to show the tourism development in Middle Ages

Key words: Middle Age, Commercial changes, pilgrims,

maritime links, ins network.



O1- to show the tourism development in Middle Ages

This stage is also called pseudo-tourism stage. In Middle Ages was commercial changes appear first ways along the

Europe, In basin of Mediterranean Sea, East Asia and South-East.



Conclusion:

In this period is more religious , but with

all this commercial exchange and marinelink are intensifying. Nevertheless , it is the

human fortune to overcome obstacles in the

name of region and trade.



3. The stage of tourism in the late middle

ages during the Renaissance and the great

geographic discoveries till the mid of 20thcentury

Objectives:O1- to analyze the impact of Great Geographical Discoveries

on tourism;

O2- to name some events happened in this period;

O3- to define the meaning of holiday in that period.

Key words: religion, industrial revolution.



O1- to analyze the impact of Great Geographical

Discoveries on tourism

The important factor in the history of travel was the

Renaissance- for ex: Germany, Switzerland, and the LowCountries. The population explosion in the West, increased

number of tourists.

Germany



Switzerland



The Low Countries-Belgium



O2- to name some events happened in this period

Development occurred because of three factors:

The approval of the medical profession;

Court patronage;

Local entrepreneurship to take advantage of the first two.

O3- to define the meaning of holiday in that period

The term holiday comes from holy days- days for religious

observances. The vacation was negotiated between employer andworkers and was again due to the economic and social changesbrought about by the Industrial Revolution. It made sense to takethe holidays during the warmer summer months.



Conclusion:

To sum up, I could say that this stagerepresent just a level of continuing of theevolution in tourism domain. Here we can

remark a social stability, but also there aresome painful exceptions like World Wars,which were reflecting with negative aspectson tourism activity. But, although the stability

generated the progress in many socialspheres, the driving force was the humanneed to accelerate the progress.



4. The period of contemporary

tourism. Mass tourism

Objectives:

O1- to show the causes of apparition of contemporary

tourism

Key words: mass tourism.



O1- to show the causes of apparition of contemporary

tourism

The stage of contemporary tourism represents the

perfection of the previous stages adjusted to the

contemporary life features. The tourism movement intensified

all over the world are:

the shorting of the working days and weeks;

the rise in the standard of living; the development and diversification of tourism supply on

original scale;

the increase need for relaxation with regard to city life.



Conclusion:

Performant evolution of production

processes from contemporary society , that isassociated to the growth of machines

pressure on the spirits are the main causes,

that leave their doors opened for tourismaffirmation in future. The growth of leisure

time and level of culture represent for the

practicability of tourism, the sin qua non conditions, both for development and for

affirmation.



Theme 3. Natural tourist resources

1. The forms of the relief as natural touristresources

Objectives:

O1- to understand what represent escarpments;

O2- to appoint the great varieties of the relief’s forms and to

describe them;

O3- to speak about what means a cave and its composition.

Key words: relief, escarpments (scarps), crest, peaks,

defiles, canyons, gorges, banks, caves(caverns).



O1- to understand what represent escarpments

One of natural tourist resources with a tourist attraction is the

relief. Relief is the most rich and diverse attractive resource of

the world. It is the core of any landscape.Sierra Nevada Mountain in the western U.S.



God’s Window in South Africa



Niagara Falls is located where the Niagara River crosses

the escarpments



O2- to appoint the great varieties of the relief’s forms and

to describe them

The crests and the peaks –represent lines and points of certain

sides of the mountains.The gorges, the defiles, and the canyonsconstitute an imposing group of natural resources.

The Grand Canyon of Colorado in Arizona

Fi h Ri C I N ibi



Fish River Canyon In Namibia



O3- to speak about what means a cave and its

composition

The caves have an attractive potential thanks to their

important recreational resources: their shape,archeologicaland paleontological remains, and fossil glaciers.

Temple of the Sun” in Carlsbad Caverns

f l



Frozen Waterfal



Marble Caves Chile



Conclusion:

In conclusion, I will admit the fact, that the

relief represents the base or fundamental of

each tourist attraction. We know that in

interconnection with it there are someattractive elements of nature like

hydrography, climate, fauna and vegetation.

And, as a result - the relief has a greatimportance for tourism activity.



2. Climate as natural tourist resources

Objectives:

O1- to understand the meaning of climate and climate

determinants;

O2-to define weather, monsoon, tornado, temperature;

O3- to describe clouds, precipitation and types of it,

pressure, wind.

Key words: climate, weather, temperature, humidity,

cloudiness, precipitations, wind, pressure.

O1- to understand the meaning of climate and climate



O1 to understand the meaning of climate and climatedeterminants

Climate- the long-term effect of the sun’s radiation on therotation earth’s varied surface to atmosphere. Climateencourages or discourages the act of tourism, catalyzing orinhibiting the tourist stay.

O2- to define weather, monsoon, tornado, temperature

Weather- the elements of weather include temperature,humidity, cloudiness, precipitation, wind, and pressure.

Monsoon- wind that changes direction with the change ofseasons; the monsoon prevails mainly in the Indian Ocean.

A tornado is a violently spinning column of air in contactwith both a cumuliform cloud base and the surface.

Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness of the

air. Scientists used Kelvin or absolute scale, Celsius.

O3 to describe clouds precipitation and types of it



O3- to describe clouds, precipitation and types of it,pressure, wind

Most clouds and almost all precipitation are produced by thecooling of air as it rises. The branch of meteorology that studiesclouds is nephrology.

Precipitations like rain, drizzle, snow are very complex

phenomena.

Pressure is the force of the air on given surface divided by thearea of that surface. In most weather systems the air pressure isequal to the weight of the air column divided by the area of thecolumn.

Wind is the horizontal movement of air. It is named for thedirection from which it comes.



Conclusion:

In conclusion I can say that climate andits components: weather, temperature,humidity, pressure, etc., has important rolein tourist change because this factors candetermine the main goal of people.



O t d t d h t h d h i t



O1- to understand what mean hydrography, river system

and lake

The main forms of hydrography’s presence in tourism are :

River system;

Lakes;

Sea and ocean water;

Waterfal ls;

Geysers;

Mineral , thermal, and thermo-mineral sp rings;

Glaciers.

h il l i i



The Nile longest River in Egypt

The largest lakes are Lake Baikal in Central Asia



The largest lakes are Lake Baikal, in Central Asia

Alaska - U.S.



O2- to describe sea ocean and waterfall



O2- to describe sea, ocean and waterfall

Sea – general designation for all the salt water in all the

specific oceans and seas that cover a large area of the surface of

the earth.

The Mediterranean Sea

The Caspian Sea



The Caspian Sea

The Sea of Galilee



The Sea of Galilee

Ocean - continuous body of salt water that is contained in



y

enormous basins on the Earth's surface. The oceans and their

marginal seas cover nearly 71 percent of the Earth's surface, with

an average depth of 3,795 metres (12,450 feet).

Boundary between the Arctic and Pacific Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean



The Atlantic Ocean

The Indian Ocean



The Indian Ocean

Waterfall - area where flowing river water drops abruptly



g p p y

and nearly vertically. Waterfalls represent major interruptions

in river flow.

The waterfall in the Angel Fall in Venezuela

The largest waterfall is Khone Falls on the



The largest waterfall is Khone Falls on the

Mekong River in Laos

The Yosemite Falls in California-US



The Yosemite Falls in California US

O3- to develop more detail the geyser and glacier



p g y g

Geyser - any of a class of hot springs that discharges jets

of steam and water intermittently.

Old Faithful in Yellowstone Park, United States

Glacier - any large mass of perennial ice that originates on



Glacier - any large mass of perennial ice that originates on

land by the recrystallization of snow or other forms of solid

precipitation and that shows evidence of past or present flow.

Antarctica Glaciers

The Greenland glaciers



The Greenland glaciers



Conclusion:

Thus, this forms of hydrography, being

also natural resources, attract visitors

through their height, beauty, anduniqueness, as the other resources do so.

4 Vegetation (flora) as natural tourist



4. Vegetation (flora) as natural touristresources

Objectives:

O1- to describe vegetation like a general term and the forest;

O2- to show the classification of forest;

O3- to name some the type of unusual trees like sequoia or

baobab.

Key words: Vegetation, functions, structure, forests.

O1- to describe vegetation like a general term and the



O1- to describe vegetation like a general term and the

forest

Vegetation is closely linked to relief and climate.

Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it

refers to the ground cover life forms, structure, spatial

extent or any other specific botanical or geographic

characteristics.

Forest – plant community, predominantly of trees or

other woody vegetation, occupying an extensive area of

land. Climate, soil, and the topography of the regiondetermine the characteristic trees of a forest.

Native Grasslands in South Dakota Arizona



Native Grasslands in South Dakota Arizona

O2- to show the classification of forest



Classification:

Forest may be divided into the following eight general

types on the basis of leaf characteristics and climate: Deciduous forests of the temperate regions are the typical

formation of the eastern United states.

Deciduous monsoon forest are characteristic of



Bengal and Myanmar

Savanna from Brazil



Northern coniferous forests



Tropical rain forest are characteristic of central



p

Africa and the Amazon watershed

Temperate evergreen forests from Everglades



din Florida

Temperate rain forests are common on



Mediterranean coasts

Tropical scrub forest occur in regions of slight



rainfall, bordering wetter forests

O3- to name some the type of unusual trees like sequoia



or baobab

There are many types of unusual trees around the worldthat exhibit a variety of interesting characteristics.

Like the ginkgo , the dawn redwood is old enough to be

considered a living fossil.

Like other sequoias , the dawn redwood grows well from

seeds, and seedlings have been successfully grown in manyof the milder parts of the East Coast of the United States.

Baobab- common name for a tropical African tree (Mallow).



Conclusion:

Vegetation is a factor of great importance for

tourists while choosing a destination. In such

way, this natural resource through its variety

make from a place to seem more challenge

and attractive.

5. Fauna (wildlife) as natural tourist



5. Fauna (wildlife) as natural tourist

resources

Objectives:

O1- to describe fauna as a general term;

O2- to speak about hunting and types of fauna.

Key words: Fauna, wildlife, flora, animals, significance,

television show

O1- to describe fauna as a general term



Fauna - is all of the animal life of any particular region ortime. Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to atypical collection of animals found in a specific time or place.

O2- to speak about hunting and types of fauna

Hunting- sport of pursuing and killing wild game animals in

order to provide food, or simply for the thrill of the chase.Epifauna are animals that live upon the surface of

sediments or soils.

Macrofauna are benthic or soil organisms which are atleast one millimeter in length.

Meiofauna are small benthic invertebrates that live in bothmarine and fresh water environments.

Mesofauna are macroscopic soil invertebrates such asarthropods, earthworms, and nematodes.



Conclusion:

Fauna by media coverage and inclusion ofconservation education in early school

curriculum, wildlife tourism and ecotourism

has fast become a popular industrygenerating substantial income for poor nations

with rich wildlife specially in Africa and India.

This ever growing and ever becoming more

popular form of tourism is providing the much

needed incentive for poor nations to conserve

their rich wildlife heritage and its habitat.

6. The tourist landscapes



p

Objectives:

O1- to reveal the understanding of tourist landscape;

O2- to speak about coastal landscapes and culturallandscape;

O3- to name the type of landscape and to describe the first to

types

Key words: Tourist landscape; limestone, volcanic,

mountain and coastal landscapes; beach; cultural landscapes



O1- to reveal the understanding of tourist landscape

A tourist landscape can be described as constructedthrough a variety of symbolic and material transformations ofan original physical and/or socioeconomic landscape inorder to serve the interests of tourists and the touristindustry.

The word "landscape" itself combines 'land' with a verb ofGermanic origin, "scapjan/ schaffen" to mean, literally,'shaped lands'. Lands were then regarded to have been

shaped by natural forces, and the unique details of suchlandshaffen (shaped lands) became themselves the subjectof 'landscape' paintings.

O2- to name the type of landscape and to describe the

fi t t t



first to types

There are 4 types of tourist landscapes:

Karstic ( limestone) landscapes;

Volcanic landscape;



Mountainous landscape;



Coastal landscape





O3- to speak about coastal landscapes and cultural

landscape

A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of a

body of water. It usually consists of loose particles which are

often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle,

pebbles, or cobble.

There are several beaches which are claimed to be the

"World's longest", including

Cox's Bazar Bangladesh



Fraser Island Beach



90 Mile Beach in Australia



90 Mile Beach in New Zealand





Conclusion:

So, through their variety, beauty and

uniqueness, landscapes are the attributes

that attract a great number of visitors.

Composed of vegetation, fauna, relief,

hydrography and a favorable climate, the

landscapes represent a piece from the

heaven grandeur.

Theme 4: Man-Made Tourist



Resources

1.The tourist attributes of the man-madetourist resources

Objectives:

O1- to describe and analyze the tourist attributes of the man-

made resources;

O2- to give some examples more detailed of the man-madetourist resources.

Key words: Attributes, antiquity, uniqueness, novelty,dimension, past and present function, Louvre, MetropolitanMuseum, Hermitage museum.

O1- to describe and analyze the tourist attributes of the man-

made resources



made resources

The attractive man-made resources represent some

entertaining elements which are created by the man.Antiquity - Egyptian Pyramids

Uniqueness - Leaning Tower of Pisa



Novelty - La Tour Eiffel



Dimension - Twin Towers of Malaysia



Present and past functions



O2- to give some examples of the man-made tourist

resources



resources

The man- made resources can be:

Gods Window

Rome, Italy



The Trade Center build from Santa Fé;



Buckingham Palace





Conclusion:

To summarize, I dare say that all these

tourist attributes offer to visitors to learn about

all man-made resources secrets, i.e. to

discover the base or fundamental of them.



O1- to distinguish which are the historical erections



Historical erections are the constructions made a long

period ago having different function and now they are likeindication, representing the moments and atmosphere of theperiod they belong to.

The historical erections are the following:

castrums;

castles;

palaces;

fortifications;

forts;

fortress;

citadels.

O2- to define the forts and the fortifications

Many military installations are known as forts The term is



Many military installations are known as forts. The term is

derived from the Latin fortis ("strong") and facere ("to make").

Old City Walls, Avila, Spain



O3- to point out a conclusion and to speak about citadels

A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes



A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes

incorporating a castle. The term derives from the same Latin

root as the word "city", civis, meaning citizen.

The Citadel from Cairo



Conclusion:

Historical erections represent constructions

from remote past, the vestige left from

antiquity, showing us the period in which they

were built with the purpose to show us their

uniqness.

3.Religious edifices



Objectives:

O1- to define what does mean religious edifices;

O2- to speak about mosque and cathedral;

O3- to describe synagogue, monastery and stupa;

O4 - to develop the meaning of mausoleum and pyramid

Key words: Religious edifices, house church, temple,synagogues, cathedrals, mosques, sanctuaries, monasteries,stupas, pyramids.





A temple (from the Latin word templum) is a structure

reserved for religious or spiritual activities, such as prayer and



sacrifice, or analogous rites.

Mumbai India

O2- to speak about mosque and cathedral

Mosque- the primary purpose of the mosque is to serve as al h M li t th f Th



place where Muslims can come together for prayer. Themosques are known around the world nowadays

Kaaba - the first mosque in the world



Sanctuary has multiple meanings. A sanctuary is theconsecrated area of a church or temple around its tabernacle

or altar



or altar.

Sanctuary Saint Thomas

O3- to describe synagogue, monastery and stupa

A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. Synagogues



usually have a large hall for prayer (the main sanctuary),

smaller rooms for study and sometimes a social hall and

offices.

The Sofia Synagogue in Sofia, Bulgaria



A stupa is a mound-like structure containing Buddhistrelics--typically, the remains of a Buddha or saint. The stupais the latest Buddhist religious monument



is the latest Buddhist religious monument.

O4- to develop the meaning of mausoleum and pyramid

A mausoleum is an external free-standing buildingconstructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or



constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space orburial chamber of a deceased person or persons.

Taj Mahal at Agra, India

Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow, Russia



Grant's Tomb, New York City - a reduced-scale

version of Mausolos' original mausoleum







The three pyramids of Moody Gardens in

Galveston, Texas





4. Cultural and sports edifices



Objectives:

O1- to speak about cultural and sport edifices;

O2- to describe the cultural edifice: theatre and some sport

edifices;

O3- to determine the meaning of opera;

O4- to understand the ”permanent institution”: museum

Key words: Cultural and sport edifices, agora, forum,

theatre, amphitheatre, stadiums, opera, museums.

O1- to speak about cultural and sport edifices

The Agora was an open "place of assembly" in ancient



Greek city-states. Early in Greek history, free-born male land-

owners who were citizens would gather in the agora for

military duty or to hear statements of the ruling king or councl.

O2- to describe the cultural edifice: theatre and somesport edifices

Theatre was very popular amongst the Ancient Romans



Theatre was very popular amongst the Ancient Romans.

The name "Colosseum" came from a colossal statue (120

ft. high) of Nero.It was built by the members of the Flavian.

O3- to determine the meaning of opera

The word "Opera" means "work" suggesting that itcombines the arts of solo and choral singing declamation



combines the arts of solo and choral singing, declamation,acting and dancing in a staged spectacle.

Opera Italy

O4- to understand the ”permanent institution”:

A museum is a "permanent institution in the service ofsociety and of its development open to the public which



society and of its development, open to the public, whichresearches, for the purposes of education, study, and

enjoyment", as defined by the International Council ofMuseums.

The Museo Sacro, the first museum in the VaticanMuseums complex, was opened in Rome in 1756



Conclusion:



Conclusion:

So, cultural and sport edifices, represents

buildings from different periods, beginning with

ancient times, and that amaze everybodythrough their architecture, antiquity,

uniqueness, and throughout other elements.

5.Economic edifices intended for tourist

activities



activities

Objectives:

O1- to understand the meaning bridge and describe some

types of bridge;

O2- to give some examples of tunnels;

O3- to specify something about canal, types of artificial

waterways.

Key words: Bridges, types of bridges, tunnel, subway,

canal, dam.





The Seikan Tunnel in Japan is the longest railtunnel in the world at 53.9 km (33.4 miles), ofwhich 23.3 km (14.5 miles) is under the sea.



which 23.3 km (14.5 miles) is under the sea.

St. Clair Tunnel, opened in 1890, was the first full-size subaqueous tunnel in North America.



O3- to specify something about canal, types of artificialwaterways

Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types



Canals are artificial channels for water. There are two typesof canals: irrigation canals, and waterways canals used for

passage of goods and people, often connected to existinglakes, rivers, or oceans.



Conclusion:

Economic edifices are not only buildings as

a tourist attributes, but they also carry someimportant and useful functions for the

development of a country.

6. Monuments, statues, commemorativeplaques



Objectives:

O1- to give definitions of monument and to develop it;

O2- to define statue and give examples of modern obelisk;

O3- to describe megalith and give examples of Europeanmegalith.

Key words: Monument, statue, statuette, obelisk, megalithicmonument.





An obelisk is a tall, narrow, four-sided, tapering monumentwhich ends in a pyramidal top. Ancient obelisks were made ofa single piece of stone (a monolith).

Victory Obelisk in Moscow Russia



Victory Obelisk in Moscow, Russia

McKinley Monument, on Niagara Square, inBuffalo, New York, USA, 1907 (96ft)



Obelisk of Buenos Aires, Argentina – built in 1936



O3- to describe megalith and give examples of European

Megalith

A megalith is a large stone which has been used to



A megalith is a large stone which has been used to

construct a structure or monument, either alone or together

with other stones.

Stonehenge, Wiltshire, United Kingdom

Conclusion:



Conclusion:

All monuments, statues and other

commemorative plaques built for the honour

as a memory of famous or just simple person,represent not only a symbol but at the same

time they are fastens attributes of great

interest manifested by people.

7. Purely tourist edifices



Objectives:

O1- to name some purely edifices and to speak about theme

park; O2- to show the meaning of casino;

O3- to specify something about fountain and to describe some

famous traditional fountains.

Key words: Casinos, first known casinos, fountains,

amusement park, Disney’s California adventure.

O1- to name some purely edifices and to speak abouttheme park

Amusement park is the generic term for a collection of



p grides and other entertainment attractions assembled for the

purpose of entertaining a large group of people.Disneyland - SUA

O2- to show the meaning of casino

A casino is, in the modern sense of today's world, a facility

that houses and accommodates certain types of gambling



that houses and accommodates certain types of gambling

activities. Casinos are built near or combined with hotels,

restaurants, retail shopping.

The Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island

O3- to specify something about fountain and to describesome famous traditional fountains

A traditional fountain is an arrangement where water issuesfrom a source fills a basin of some kind and is drained away



from a source , fills a basin of some kind, and is drained away.

Port Fountain, World's third tallest fountainlocated in Karachi, Pakistan.

Swann Memorial Fountain in Philadelphia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Burley_Griffin



The Gardens of Versailles fountains on thegrounds of the Palace of Versailles near Paris



Buckingham Fountain in Chicago

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontana_di_Trevi



Conclusion:



These kind of edifices are very popularthat’s why many tourists are becoming willingthen they visit them, and just like to spend a

great time there with a lot of fun.

Theme 5: Human tourist activities



1. Carnivals SUBJECTS:

O1- Carnivals;

O2- Fairs, exhibitions, religious pilgrimages and shrines;

O3- Artistic festivals and sporting events;

O4- Tourist resources of an ethnographic nature;

Keywords: Carnival,celebration

O1- Carnivals

Carnaval is a festive season which occurs immediately

before Lent; the main events are usually during February. Carnival



typically involves a public celebration or parade combinin soe

elements of a circus, mask and public street party.

The Saturnalia Carnaval

The Swabian Alemannic Carnaval





Conclusion:

Carnivals represent a great attraction for

tourists.

2. Fairs, exhibitions, religious pilgrimages and

shrines



Objectives:

O1- to define and name some fairs

O2- to define exhibitions

Keywords: fairs,exhibitions,pilgrimages

O1- to define and name some fairs

A fair is a gathering of people to display or trade produce or

other goods, to parade or display animals and often to enjoy



other goods, to parade or display animals and often to enjoy

associated carnival or funfair entertainment.

Munich, Oktoberfest, Germany



O2- to define exhibitions

An exhibition is an organized presentation and display of a

selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur



within museums, galleries andexhibition halls. Exhibitions

include for example: and commercial exhibitions, or trade fairs.

St. Petersburg, Veliky Novgorod

C l i



Conclusion:

Nowadays the popularity of fairs and

exhibitions is rising which means they attractmore people.

3. Artistic festivals and sporting events



Objectives:

O1- to define and characterize festivals

O2- to define and name some multi-sporting events

Keywords: festival,event,culture,international

O1- to define and characterize festivals

A festival or gala is usually a fun event, usually and ordinarily

staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates



g y y,

some unique aspect of that community and the Festival.

The Halloween in U.S.A.

The Christmas in China



The Spain Festival



O2- to define and name some multi-sporting events

A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often

held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different



sports between organized teams of athletes from nation-states.

The first Olimpic Game

The center of Olympic Stadium in East London



C l i



Conclusion:

Festivals and sporting events are very

popular.Thousands of people get together at

such kind of events.

4. Tourist resources of an ethnographic nature



Objectives:

O1- to define and describe etnography

O2- to define and describe sociology

Keywords: Ethnography, science, sociology

O1- to define and describe etnography

Ethnography is a qualitative research design aimed at

exploring cultural phenomena. An ethnography is a means to



represent graphically and in writing, the culture of a people.

The Ethnography of Italy

O2- to define and describe sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of human society and its

origins, development, organizations, and institutions.The

di i l f f i l i l d i l ifi i



traditional focuses of sociology include social stratification,

social class, culture, race and ethnicity, gender and sexuality,religion, secularization, law.

C l i



Conclusion:

Etnography as a science is in a close

conection with tourism.

Theme 6. “Natural Tourist Resources of

the Republic of Moldova”



1. Relief as tourist resource

Obectives:

O1- to describe the relief of the Republic of Moldova

Key words: relief,plains,valleys

O1- to describe the relief of the Republic of Moldova

Moldova lies to the east of the great arc of the Carpathian

Mountains It is underlain mostly by deep sedimentary rocks



Mountains. It is underlain mostly by deep sedimentary rocks

covering the southwestern portion of the ancient structuralblock known as the Russian, or East European, Plain. Harder

crystalline rocks outcrop only in the north. Its surface is a hilly

plain, with an average elevation of 482 feet (147 metres), cut

by a deep network of river valleys, ravines, and gullies.

The uplands of the centre of the republic, the Codri Hills, lie

at an average elevation of about 1,150 to 1,300 feet (350 to

400 metres)

Due to its geological formations, the Republic of Moldovahas varied forms of relief and scenery that represent great

attractions for tourism:

Scenic points in the karst and limy relief of the



Scenic points in the karst and limy relief of the

“Toltrele Prutului”

Toltrele Nistrului



Raut Hills



The Tigheci Hills



The banks of the Prut River



Conclusion:



The relief of the Republic of Moldova has

an important influence on the development of

tourism.

2. Climate as tourist resource



Obectives:

O1-to describe the climate of the Republic of Moldova

Key words: climate,winds,temperature

O1-to describe the climate of the Republic of Moldova

The Climate of Republic of Moldova is continental moderate-

temperate with a thermal regime, favorable for practicing

diff t t f t i Th f f th



different types of tourism. The four seasons of the year are

clearly defined. The summer is hot and long, with the long

periods of drought. Winter is mild but not always white.

The temperature ofthe soil ranges between

+10 °C and +12 °C. The

precipitation ranges

between 370 and 560

mm/year and more than10% falls as snow,

which can melt several

times during winter.

Conclusion:



Climate of the Republic of Moldova is

favourable for the development of tourism.

3. Hydrography as tourist resource



Objectives:

O1- to describe the hydrographical touristical potential of the

Republic of Moldova

Key words: hydrography, rivers, lakes

O1- to describe the hydrographical touristical potential of

the Republic of Moldova

Th h d hi l t i ti l t ti l ti



The hydrographical touristical potential, representing a

well developed hydrographic network: over 3000 of rivers and

rivulets , the largest being Nistru river, with a total length on the

territory of the republic of Moldova of 660 km, Prut river – 695

km, Raut river – 286 km, Cogalnic river – 243 km etc.There are

4 natural lakes: Manta, Dracele, Bic and Beleu.

The mineral waters are found on the whole territory of the

republic, with debits that vary in different localities. Mineralwater resources could contribute to the development of the

balneo-tourism.

Rivers- there are 3,621 rivers and water-springs inMoldova. All of them form part of the Black Sea basin. The

largest rivers include:

The Dniester - 1,352 km long , 657 km in Moldova



, g ,

The Pruth 976 km long, 695 km in Moldova



The Reut - 286 km long



Lakes - there are approximately 60 natural lakes inMoldova. Most of them are the lakes located in the high-

water beds of the rivers Pruth

Beleu



The large water-storage reservoirs have been created forhydro-power plants:

Costesti –Stinca (735.0 mln.m3)



Ground waters

Ground waters have a special role in the surface water

balance in Moldova. The distribution of the available ground



g

waters is not even across Moldova, because their major portionis concentrated in the high-water beds of the Dniester and the

Pruth.

Mineral Waters

There are 27 types of mineral water being approved for use

and certified in the Republic of Moldova; these are drawn from

47 table, table/therapeutic or therapeutic water springs;

furthermore, there are water sources with balneological (spa)

characteristics.

Industrial Waters

The industrial ground water available in Moldova contains



less-common extractable chemical elements, with the waterscontaining iodine, bromine, strontium, cesium, rubidium, boron

and helium being the most widespread.

Thermal Waters

Thermal water is common in the high-water bed of the Pruth

and in the southern regions of Moldova. The water temperatureis 20.0-80.00 C, and the water debit of the wells is 10-100 m3

per day.



Conclusion:

Hydrography of the Republic of

Moldova is favourable for the development of

tourism.

4. Tourist landscapes



Objectives: O1- to describe the main tourist landscapes of the Republic of

Moldova

Key words: landscape, tourist, heritage, culture

O1- to describe the main tourist landscapes of the

Republic of Moldova

Here are a lot of touristic objectives in Moldova, which had

preserved the traditions and cultural values during many



preserved the traditions and cultural values during many

centuries

Orheiul Vechi

Curchi



Cricova Cellars



Museums- the Republic of Moldova has many museums inthe care of the Ministry of Culture, local public authorities and

other organisations. The Republic of Moldova’s museums

are mostly housed in buildings of architectural importance

and feature rich collections of art



and feature rich collections of art.

Museum of Arts

Military Museum



Conclusion:



Conclusion:

The landscapes of Republic of Moldova

have a big touristic potential.

Theme 7. Man-made Tourist Resources ofthe Republic of Moldova



1. Historic erections

Objectives:

O1- to describe fortresses of the Republic of Moldova

Key words: Fortress

O1- to describe fortresses of the Republic of Moldova A network of fortresses was built in the medieval Moldova to

protect it from enemy attacks. Soroca fortress was part of a

huge Moldovan defensive system in the medieval times.



Tighina Fortress was first mentioned as an important customspost in a commerce grant issued by Moldavian hospodar

Alexandru cel Bun to merchants from Lvov on October 8 1408.



Conclusion:



The fortresses of Republic of Moldova

represent a true treasure for tourists.Their

beauty and amazing history makes them to

attract many visitors.

2. Religious erections



Objectives: O1- to describe the most famous monasteries of the Republic

of Moldova

Keywords: Monastery, church

O1- to describe the most famous monasteries of theRepublic of Moldova

Capriana monastery is one of the oldest monasteries in



Basarabia. It is situated only 35 km north - west of Chisinau,at the Isnovat locality.

Tipova Monastery is one of the oldest monasteries inthe Republic of Moldova is situated near the locality with the

same name. The monastery is spaded in stone on the

bunch of Nistru River.



Monastery, Vaslui



Saharna Monastery



Curchi Monastery is one of the most importantarchitectural monuments of Bessarabia, and it is also

considered to be one of the most beautiful and famous

monasteries of the region.



Conclusion:



Moldova is an orthodox country and has

a lot of religious erections which represent abig potential for tourism.

3. Cultural, sports and economic erections Objectives:



O1- to name and describe the most famous theatres of the

Republic of Moldova

O2- to name and describe the most important museums of the

Republic of Moldova

O3- to name and describe the most important sports erections

of the Republic of Moldova

Key words: Theatre, museum, sports erection

O1- to name and describe the most famous theatres of theRepublic of Moldova

The National Opera and Ballet Theatre of Moldova

in Chişinău, Moldova was founded in the mid-1940s.



The largest theater in Moldova is the National theaterMihai Eminescu. The theater was founded in 1920 and

used to be called the National Theater in Chisinau.



Theatre „Eugène Ionesco” is one of the mostimportant theatres in Chisinau; founded shortly after

Moldova has proclaimed its independence, on 11.09.1991.



Ginta Latina theatre was created on 1st august 1989 bySandri Ion Scurea. It is home to performances related to the

interests of young people and children.



O2- to name and describe the most important museums ofthe Republic of Moldova

The National Museum of Ethnography and Natural



History is the oldest museum in Moldova. It is located inChisinau and was founded in October 1889.

The National Museum of Fine Arts is located inChisinau.It was founded in November 1939 by Alexandru

Plămădeală and Auguste Baillayre.



Documents

4.Man-Made Tourist Resources