466. ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL AND METHOD OF STARTING AN EXPORT FIRM IN TEXTILE-SECTOR.doc

7/27/2019 466. ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL AND METHOD OF STARTING AN EXPORT FIRM IN TEXTILE-SECTOR.doc

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DISSERTATION REPORT SUBMTTED TOWARDS THEPARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF POST GRADUATE DEGREE

IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL AND METHOD OF STARTING

AN EXPORT FIRM IN TEXTILE-SECTOR

FACULTY GUIDE SUBMITTED BY:


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ch.-1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYCh.-2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 OBJECTIES OF THE STUDY

2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN2.! SCOPE OF THE STUDY2." LIMITATIONS

Ch.-!.0 CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE!.1.1 EXPORT PROCEDURE!.1.2 HOW TO EXPORT#!.1.! PRELIMNARIES FOR STARTING EXPORT $S%&&'() *+ ,( ,+++',&% /*'(% ),(',&'(.

$Ch'() ,+++',&% 3% 4 +%,&'($N,'() &h% B*'(%

$S%5%6&'() &h% 6+,(7 $M,8'() %44%6&'9% /*'(% 6%+(3%(6% $S%5%6&'() &h% ,8%&

$S%5%6&'() ++%6&'9% /*7% $S%5%6&'() 6h,((%5 4 3'&'/*&'( $N%)&',&'() :'&h ++%6&'9% /*7% $P6%'() ,( %;+& 3% $E(&%'() '(& %;+& 6(&,6& $E;+& +'6'() ,(3 6&'() $U(3%&,(3'() '8 '( '(&%(,&'(,5 &,3%!.1." REGISTERATION!.1.< DESPATCHING SAMPLES!.1.= APPOINTING SALES!.1.> SPECIMEN COPY OF AGREEMENT!.1.? AC@UIRE AN EXPORT LICENSE!.1. AC@UIRE EXPORT CREDIT INSURANCEECGC

!.1.10 ARRANGING FINANCE!.1.11 RATES OF INTEREST!.1.12 UNDERSTAND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES PROTECT AGAINST

THEIR ADERSE MOEMENT!.1.1! FORWARD CONTRACTS!.1.1" PROCURINGMANUFACTURING GOODS FOR EXPORT THEIR

INSPECTION BY GOERNMENT AUTHORITIES!.1.1< LABELING PACAGING PACING MARING GOODS!.1.1= NEW EXCISE PROCEDURE

Ch.-4.0 DOCUMENTATIONCh.-5.0 MODES OF ENTRY IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Ch.-6.0 FUNCTIONS OF AN EXORT FIRM

Ch.-!.0 TEXTILE INDUSTRY AN OVER VIEW

>.1 POTENTIAL AND STATUS OF MODERNISATION WITH INDIAN TEXTILEAND CLOTHING SECTORS

>.2 MEASURES THAT ARE TAEN POST MFA IN INDIAN TEXTILEINDUSTRY

>.! ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE INDUSTRY >." SWOT ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY >.< ROLE OF SE AND OTHER FREE TRADE ONES

Ch.-".0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Ch.-#.0 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAHY

Ch.-$0.0 CASE EXAMLES


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AC%NOWLEDGEMENT

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STUDENT


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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LIMITATIONS

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HOW TO EXORT'

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RELIMINARIES FOR STARTING EXORT BUSINESS

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SELECTING THE MAR%ETS

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&%,&%(& & +3*6& 4 3%9%5+'() 6*(&'% ,8%& +%(%&,&'( /7 6+%&'&'9%6*(&'% ,(3 +3*6& 3'&,(6% 4 +&%(&',5 ,8%& &,(+& +/5% 5,()*,)%+/5% &,'44 ,(3 ((-&,'44 /,'% 3'&'/*&'( '(4,&*6&*% '% 4 3%,(3 '( &h%,8%& %;+%6&%3 5'4% +,( 4 ,8%& ,(3 +3*6& %*'%%(& ,5% ,(3 3'&'/*&'(6h,((%5. F &h' +*+% 7* h*53 655%6& ,3%*,&% ,8%& '(4,&'( /%4%%5%6&'() (% % &,)%& ,8%&. Th% '(4,&'( 6,( /% 655%6&%3 4 9,'**6% 5'8% E;+& P&'( C*(6'5 EPCC3'&7 B,3 F%3%,&'( 4 I(3',(E;+& O),(',&'( FIEO I(3',( I(&'&*&% 4 F%')( T,3% IIFT I(3',( T,3%P&'( O),(',&'( ITPO I(3',( E/,'% A/,3 F%')( E/,'% '( I(3',I+& P&'( I(&'&*&'( A/,3 O9%%, Ch,/% 4 C%6% ,(3 I(3*&'%,'* D'%6&'% J*(,5 M,8%& S*9%7 R%+&.

SELECTING ROSECTIVE BUYERS

Y* 6,( 655%6& ,33%% 4 &h% ++%6&'9% /*7% 4 &h% 63'&7 4 &h%455:'() *6%

--E(*''% 4 4'%(3 ,(3 %5,&'9% &h% ,6*,'(&,(6% %'3'() '( 4%')(6*(&'%.

--''&'() +,&'6'+,&'() '( I(&%(,&'(,5 T,3% F,' ,(3 E;h'/'&'( '( I(3', ,(3 ,/,3.--C(&,6& :'&h &h% E;+& P&'( C*(6'5 C3'&7 B,3 ,(3 &h%

G9%(%(& A)%(6'%.--C(*5&'() I(&%(,&'(,5 Y%55: P,)% A P*/5'6,&'( 4 N%: Y8 /7 D*( B,3&%%& USA &h% Y%55: P,)% 4 3'44%%(& 6*(&'% 5'8% J,+,(D*/,' E&6.--C55%6&'() ,33%% 4 9,'* P'9,&% I(3',( P*/5'6,&'( D'%6&'% ,9,'5,/5% (6& ,& J,'( B8 A)%(67C- C((,*)h& P5,6% N%: D%5h'-1. PH. !!.--C55%6&'() '(4,&'( 4 I(&%(,&'(,5 T,3% D'%6&'% J*(,5+%'3'6,5,9,'5,/5% '( &h% 5'/,'% 4 D'%6&,&% G%(%,5 4 C%6',5 I(&%55')%(6% ,(3S&,&'&'6 IIFT EPC ITPO %&6.--M,8'() 6(&,6& :'&h T,3% R%+%%(&,&'9% 4 O9%%, G9&. '( I(3', ,(3 I(3',(T,3% ,(3 O&h% R%+%%(&,&'9% I(&%(,&'(,5 T,3% D%9%5+%(& A*&h'&'% ,/,3.

A 5'& 4 '(&%(,&'(,5 &,3% 3%9%5+%(& ,*&h'&'% ,/,3 5'8% F%')( Ch,/% 4C%6% %&6.

--R%,3'() /':%%857 4&(')h&57 (&h57 /*55%&'( *6h , I(3',( T,3% J*(,5 E;+&S%9'6% B*55%&'( B*55%&'( ,(3 M,),'(% '*%3 ,(3 +*/5'h%3 /7 F%3%,&'( 4E;+&% O),(',&'( ITPO EPC C3'&7 B,3 ,(3 &h% ,55'%3 ,)%(6'%.


13/82

--''&'() E/,'% C(*5,&% %&6. 4 &h% 6*(&'% ,(3 &,8'() (&% 4 ,33%% 4'+&% 4 +3*6& ++%3 & /% %;+&%3.

--A39%&''() '( (%:+,+% h,9'() 9%%, %3'&'( ,(3 &h% 4%')( (%:+,+% ,(3,),'(% %&6.

--C(*5&'() ITPO IIFT %&6.--C(&,6&'() ,*&h'%3 3%,5% '( 4%')( %;6h,()% :'&h :h %;+&% ' ,'(&,'('()/,(8 ,66*(&.

O+7+87 1/(+7 8, 9+ (,8+* ( 1,;(+* 89( h+ /(*7 9< h+

;())(>1,3 +h(*7:

--B7 6%+(3'() ,(3 %(3'() /6h*% ,(3 +3*6& 5'&%,&*% & ++%6&'9% 9%%,/*7%.--B7 *(3%&,8'() &'+ & 4%')( ,8%& ,(3 %&,/5'h'() +%(,5 ,++& :'&h 9%%,/*7%. Th% (*/% 4 &'+ :'55 3%+%(3 ( 7* /*3)%& ,(3 %*6%. B*& '& ' %%(&',54 5()-&% *66% '( '(&%(,&'(,5 ,8%&'() & %&,/5'h +%(,5 ,++&. F%')(

&'+ :'55 +9'3% 4'&-h,(3 '(4,&'( %),3'() &h% ,8%& 9%%, 6*&% &h%'%*'%%(& &,&% +%4%%(6% ,(3 /%&&% *& 6*('6,&'( 4 &h% %'& 4 %;+&%+3*6&.--P,&'6'+,&'( '( /*7%-%55% %%& ,(3 %%&'() &h% %/% 4 4%')( 3%5%),&'('(9'&%3 /7 E;+& P&'( C*(6'5 6(6%(%3.--P,&'6'+,&'( '( '(&%(,&'(,5 &,3% 4,' %'(,.--A39%&'%%(& ,(3 +*/5'6'&7 '( 9%%, %+*&%3 (%:+,+% ,(3 ,),'(%. F,6'5'&'%4 4%% +*/5'6'&7 6,( /% ,9,'5%3 4 I+& D%9%5+%(& C%(&%.

SELECTING CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION

Th% 455:'() 6h,((%5 4 3'&'/*&'( ,% )%(%,557 *&'5'%3 :h'5% %;+&'() & 9%%,,8%& $E;+& &h*)h E;+& C(&',$E;+& &h*)h C,(,5''() A)%(6'%$E;+& &h*)h O&h% E&,/5'h%3 M%6h,(& E;+&% E;+& H*% T,3'()H*%$D'%6& E;+&$E;+& &h*)h O9%%, S,5% A)%(6'%

NEGOTIATING WITH ROSECTIVE BUYERS

Wh,&%9% &h% 6h,((%5 4 3'&'/*&'( 4 %;+&'() & &h% 9%%, 6*(&'% ' ++%3

& /% ' *&'5'%3 '& ' %%(&',5 &h,& &h% %;+&% h*53 +% &h% (%6%,7 8'55 4(%)&',&'() :'&h &h% 9%%, 6h,((%5 4 3'&'/*&'(. Th% ,/'5'&7 & (%)&',&% %44%6&'9%57' (%%3%3 4 3'6*'( :'&h '+&% &,3% ,)%(&. Wh'5% 6(3*6&'() /*'(%(%)&',&'( &h% ++%6&'9% %;+&% h*53 ,9'3 6(45'6& 6(&9%7 ,(3 6'&'6'9'--9' &h% &h% +,&7. D*'() 6(9%,&'( &h% ,&&'&*3% h*53 /% & 6*('6,&%%44%6&'9%57. Th%% h*53 /% 6h%%(6% 6%,&'9'&7 6+'% 6(6%'(6(,5'&7 6(%(* 6'&%(& ,(3 6+%(,&'( '( /*'(% (%)&',&'(. Th%)%(%,5 +/5% 7* ,7 4,6% ' ,/*& +'6'(). Th% /*7% 6(&%(&'( ' &h,& +'6% ,%


14/82

& h')h. I& h*53 /% (&%3 &h,& &h*)h &h% +'6% ' (57 (% 4 &h% ,(7 '*% &h,& ,%3'6*%3 3*'() /*'(% (%)&',&'( '& '(45*%(6% &h% %(&'% (%)&',&'() +6%.S'(6% &h' ' &h% & %('&'9% '*% '( /*'(% (%)&',&'( '& h*53 /% &,6&4*557+&+(%3 *(&'5 ,55 &h% '*% h,9% /%%( 3'6*%3 ,(3 *&*,557 ,)%%3 *+(. A 4, ,&h% +'6% ' 6(6%(%3 7* h*53 &7 & 3%&%'(% &h% /*7% %,5 '(&%%& '( &h% +3*6&

4 &h% *&%& (57 &h%( , *'&,/5% 6*(&% ++,5 h*53 /% +%%(&%3. I& h*53 ,5/% %%/%%3 &h,& &h% /*7% ,7 %*%& 3'4'6,&'( '( +%%(&,&'( 4 &h% +3*6&.Y* h*53 h: &h% :'55'()(% & %%& *6h %*%& '4 +'/5% +9'3%3 &h,& '& :'55%*5& '( +4'&,/5% %;+& /*'(%. P'6% /%'() &h% & '+&,(& ,5% &5 '& h, & /%++%57 3%9%5+%3 ,(3 +%%(&%3.

Th%%4% '( 3% & 6%,&% , 4,9,/5% '+%'( '(''% 6&57 % ,(3 )%(%,&%%+%,&%3 /*'(%.

Th+ ;())(>1,3 /(1,7 7h()* 9+ =+/ 1, 1,* >h1)+ /+/81,3 h+ /1+ )17:

S*/'& , &7+%:'&&%( 5'& +'(&%3 ( &h% %)*5, /(3 +,+% ,(3 5,'3 *& '+57 ,(3

65%,57 :'&h ,& 5%,& ,( '(6h /%&:%%( 65*( ,(3 /%&:%%( )*+'()P'(%(&57 '(3'6,&% &h% (,% 4 7* 6+,(7 '& 4*55 ,33% &%5%+h(% ,(3 4,;(*/% '(65*3'() &h% 6*(&7 ,(3 6'&7 63%.F*557 3%6'/% &h% '&% /%'() *&%3. G*+ &h% '&% 5)'6,557 '.%. ,55 &h% 4,/'6&)%&h% ,55 &h% ,3%-*+ &)%&h% %&6..S+%6'47 :h%&h% h'++%3 /7 %, /7 ,' 4../. 6.'.4. ,(3 & :h,& +&.@*&% %;,6& ,*(& ,(3 (& *(3%3-44 4')*%.M%(&'( &h% 3,&% *+& :h'6h &h% +'6% *&%3 :'55 %,'( 9,5'3.Wh%% &h%% ' ,( '(&%(,5 %4%%(6% (*/% :h'6h *& /% *&%3 & 8%%+ '& h& &h%/*7% h, ( '(&%%& '( &h' 3%&,'5 ,(3 &h% % 6+5%; '& ' &h% )%,&% ' &h% '8 4%.

?EXORT RICING AND COSTING?

O(% ,'( +'(& %),3'() %;+& +'6'() ' &h,& :h'5% (%)&',&'() :'&h 9%%, /*7%7* ,7 (& %%/% &h% 6& 4 , +3*6&. I& ,7 ,5 /% 3'44'6*5& 4 7* &%%/% &h% +4'& ,)'( /*'5& '( 9,'* +'6% *&%3 /7 7*. A 65%, K&&'() 4 &h''(4,&'( ' (& 4%% 4 &h% '8 4 /%'() 5%,8%3 *& & &h% 6+%&'& & &h%9%%, /*7%.S% 63'() ' &h%%4% %%(&',5 4 &h% +'6% *&%3 /7 7* &h,& ,& ,(7&,)%+'(& 4 &'% 7* 6,( ,5:,7 *&'5'% &h% '(4,&'( %(,/5'() 7* & +4'&,/57(%)&',&% :'&h &h% 9%%, /*7%. Th' 6,( /% 3(% /7 ,')('() 63% & &h% 6& +'6%.

F ,')('() 63% & &h% 6& +'6% 7* ,7 %5%6& ,( E()5'h +,:3 6('&'() 410 %+,,&% 5%&&% %,6h 5%&&% & %+%%(& , (*%'6,5 4')*%. F %;,+5% CRAYMOUTH ' &h% +,:3 %5%6&%3 /7 7* :h%% CQ1 RQ2 AQ! Q" YQUQ? TQ HQ0. Th' +,:3 6,( /% *66%4*557 *%3 4 %6)(''() 9,'* '&% 4%;+& ,(3 &h%' 9,'%&'%.


15/82

Th* , /, 6,(35% &,(3 :h'6h ' /%'() *&%3 ,& R. 100,5% +'6% /*& :h% 6&+'6% & 7* ' R 2


16/82

$A/'&,&'( I& :'55 (& /% *& 4 +5,6% & %(&'( h%% &h% '+&,(6% 4 ,/'&,&'(65,*% '( ,( %;+& 6(&,6& C*& +6%%3'() 3 (& 44% , ,&'4,6&7 %&h3 4%&&5%%(& 4 6%6',5 3'+*&% , &h%7 '(959% '(%9'&,/5% 3%5,7 6& ,(3&%6h('6,5'&'%. O( &h% &h% h,(3 ,/'&,&'( +9'3% ,( %6('6 %;+%3'&'* ,(3'(4,5 %%37 4 %&&5%%(& 4 6%6',5 3'+*&%. A/'&,&'( +6%%3'() ,%

6(3*6&%3 '( +'9,67 ,(3 &h% ,:,3 ,% 8%+& 6(4'3%(&',5. Th% A/'&,& ' **,557 ,(%;+%& '( &h% */K%6& ,&&% 4 &h% 3'+*&%. Th% 3,&% 4 ,/'&,&'( %%&'() ,% 4';%3:'&h &h% 6(9%('%(6% 4 ,55 6(6%(%3. Th* ,/'&,&'( ' &h% & *'&,/5% :,7 4%&&5%%(& 4 6%6',5 3'+*&% ,(3 '& ,7 '(9,',/57 /% *%3 /7 /*'(%%( '(&h%' 6%6',5 3%,5'().

Th% I(3',( C*(6'5 4 A/'&,&'( F%3%,&'( H*% T,(%( M,) N%: D%5h'. Ph.!!121" ' , +%6',5'%3 ,/'&,&'( '(&'&*&'( +9'3'() ,/'&,&'(4,6'5'&'% 4 ,55 &7+% 4 3%&'6 '(&%(,&'(,5 6%6',5 3'+*&%.

@BRIEF SECIMEN CONTRACT FORM FOR SALE URCHASE

TRANSACTIONS

EXORTS AND IMORTS

I.N,% ,(3 ,33% 4 &h% +,&'%.......&,&% 6%6& ,++%55,&'( ,(3 6+5%&% ,33% 4&h% +,&'%II.W% &h% ,/9% (,%3 +,&'% h,9% %(&%%3 '(& &h' 6(&,6& 4 &h% ,5%+*6h,%%&6. ....... &,&% /'%457 &h% +*+% 4 &h% 6(&,6& ( &h' ........3,&% ,& ........+5,6%.....*/K%6& & &h% 455:'() &% ,(3 6(3'&'(,. G3 ................/. @*,(&'&7 ...............@*,5'&7................. D%6'/% &h% *,(&'&7 *,5'&7 ,(3 &h% &h%+%6'4'6,&'( 4 &h% )3 +%6'%57 , +% &h% ,)%%%(&. A( ,)%(67 4

'(+%6&'(6%&'4'6,&'( 4 *,5'&7 ,(3 *,(&'&7 ,7 ,5 /% &'+*5,&%3.6. P'6%................ M3% 4 +,7%(& ...................@*&% &h% +'6% &% '.%. %;-:8FOB4%% ( /,3 CIFC& I(*,(6% F%')h& %&6. '( &h% 6*%(67 ,)%%3*+( ,(3 3%6'/% &h% 3% 4 +,7%(& '.%. +,7%(& ,),'(& LC5%&&% 4 6%3'&DA36*%(& ,),'(& ,66%+&,(6% DP36*%(& ,),'(& +,7%(&%&6. I& ' ,5 3%',/5% &%(&'( &h% %;6h,()% ,&%.3. Sh'+%(&...............S+%6'47 3,&% 4 3%5'9%7 ,(3 &h% ,;'* +%'3 *+& :h'6h3%5'9%7 6*53 /% 3%5,7%3 ,(3 4 :h'6h %,( +& 4 h'+%(& ,(3 3%5'9%7 h*53/% %(&'(%3.%. P,68'() ,(3 ,8'()...............R%*'%%(& & /% +%6'4'%3 +%6'%574. I(*,(6% .................S&,&% &h% &7+% 4 '(*,(6% 69% %*'%3 '.%. FPA4%% 4

+,&'6*5, ,9%,)%WA :'&h ,9%,)% A55 R'8 %&6. S&,&% ,5 &h% +,&7 %+('/5%4 '(*,(6%). B8%,)%C''( ........'4 ,(7 +,7,/5% ,7 /% %(&'(%3h. P,'() 4 &h% ++%&7 ,(3 4 '8. Th% ++%&7 :(%h'+ 4 &h% )3 ,(3 &h%'8 h,55 4'(,557 +, & &h% /*7% ,& *6h &,)% , &h% +,&'% ,7 ,)%% '.%. :h%( &h%)3 ,% 3%5'9%%3 ,& &h% %55% +5,6% 4 :8+, &h% h'+ ,'5,% 69%%3 /7'(*,(6% %&6. , +% ,)%%3 &%.


17/82

ARBITRATION

A/'&,&'( 65,*% %6%(3%3 /7 &h% I(3',( C*(6'5 4 A/'&,&'( A55 3'+*&% 3'44%%(6% :h,&%9% ,''() /%&:%%( &h% +,&'% *& 4 %5,&'() & &h% 6(&*6&'(%,('() ,(3 +%,&'( %44%6& 4 &h' 6(&,6& &h% /%,6h &h%%4 h,55 /% %&&5%3 /7

,/'&,&'( '( ,663,(6% :'&h &h% *5% 4 &h% ,/'&,&'( 4 &h% I(3',( C*(6'5 4A/'&,&'( ,(3 &h% ,:,3 ,3% '( +**,(6% &h%%4 h,55 /% /'(3'() ( &h% +,&'%.,(7 &h% ,/'&,&'( 65,*% &h,& ,7 /% ,)%%3 *+( /%&:%%( &h% +,&'%. ,(7 &h%+%6',5 6(3'&'( +%9,5%(& '( %5%9,(& & &h% +,&'6*5, 5'(% 4 &,3% &,(,6&'(,7 ,5 /% +%6'4'%3.S3-S%55%S3-B*7%

N(+7:Th% ,/9% +%6'%( 6(&,6& 4 3,:( *+ '( /'%4 %%(&',5 ' %,(& 4'+5% ,55 6,5% &,(,6&'( ,(3 ' '(&%(3%3 & 3,: &h% ,&&%(&'( 4 &h% +,&'% &'+&,(& ,+%6& 4 &h% &,3% 3%,5 '( 3,4&'() &h% 6(&,6&. Th% +,&'% ,% 4%% & ,33 &

3'47 &h% &% , +% &h% +%6*5', (,&*% 4 &h%' &,3% &,(,6&'(. Th%7 ,7 ,56(*5& :'&h ,39,(&,)% %;+%'%(6%3 6%6',5 ,/'&,&'( /3'% 4 &h% +*+% &*37 +*/5'h%3 5'&%,&*% ( &h% */K%6&. Th% *% 4 &h% ,/'&,&'( 65,*% '( 6%6',56(&,6& ' /%6'() '(6%,'()57 6( +,&'6*5,57 '( %;+&-'+& &,(,6&'(:'&h , 9'%: & +&'() &h ,(3 :'4& 45: 4 /*'(%. Th% I(3',( C*(6'5 4A/'&,&'( ICA :h'6h ' +,&57 4*(3%3 /7 &h% G9%(%(& 4 I(3', +9'3%6+%h%('9% '(&'&*&'(,5 ,/'&,&'( %9'6% & ,55 )9%(%(& 3%+,&%(& ,(3 +*/5'6*(3%&,8'() , :%55 , +'9,&% &,3% %;+&% ,(3 '+&% '( I(3', 4 ,'6,/5% ,(3*'68 %&&5%%(& 4 ,55 &7+% 4 6%6',5 3'+*&%. I& h, /%%( *))%&%3 /7 &h%M'('&7 4 C%6% &h,& ,55 6%6',5 ),(',&'( h*53 ,8% *% 4 &h%,/'&,&'( 65,*% 4 &h% C*(6'5 '( &h%' 6%6',5 6(&,6& :'&h I(3',( ,(3 4%')(

+,&'%.

EXORT RICING AND COSTING

E;+& +'6'() h*53 /% 3'44%%(&',&%3 4 %;+& 6&'(). P'6% ' :h,& :% 44% & &h%6*&%. C& ' &h% +'6% &h,& :% +,7'(6* 4 &h% +3*6&. P'6% '(65*3% * +4'&,)'( 6& '(65*3% (57 %;+%(% :% h,9% '(6*%3. E;+& +'6'() ' &h% &'+&,(& &5 4 +&'() ,5% ,(3 4,6'() '(&%(,&'(,5 6+%&'&'(. Th% +'6% h, &/% %,5'&'6,557 :8%3 *& &,8'() '(& 6('3%,&'( ,55 %;+& /%(%4'& ,(3 %;+%(%.H:%9% &h%% ' ( 4';%3 4*5, 4 *66%4*5 %;+& +'6'(). I& :'55 3'44% 4%;+&% & %;+&% 3%+%(3'() *+( :h%&h% &h% %;+&% ' , %6h,(& %;+&% ,,(*4,6&*% %;+&% %;+&'() &h*)h , 6,(,5''() ,)%(67. Y* h*53 ,5 ,%

&h% &%()&h 4 7* 6+%&'& ,(3 ,(&'6'+,&% &h% 9% 4 &h% 6+%&'& '( &h% ,8%&.P'6'() &,&%)'% :'55 3%+%(3 ( 9,'* 6'6*&,(&',5 '&*,&'(. Y* 6,( &'55 /%6+%&'&'9% :'&h h')h% +'6% /*& :'&h /%&&% 3%5'9%7 +,68,)% &h% ,39,(&,)%.


18/82

Th+ /1+7 >1)) 9+ *++1,+* 9< h+ ;())(>1,3 ;8(7:

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F%*%(67 4 +*6h,% P%*%3 %5,&'(h'+ /%&:%%( *,5'&7 ,(3 +'6% S+%6',5&7 9,5*% )3 ,(3 )'4& '&% C%3'& 44%%3 P%4%%(6% +%K*3'6% 4 +3*6& ')'(,&'() 4 , +,&'6*5, *6% A))%'9% ,8%&'() ,(3 ,5% +&'( P+& ,66%+&,(6% ,(3 %&&5%%(& 4 65,' U('*% 9,5*% )3 ,(3 )'4& '&%

E;+& C&'() ' /,'6,557 C& A66*(&,(& K/. I& 6('& 4 4';%3 6& ,(3 9,',/5%6& 6+''() 9,'* %5%%(&. I& ' ,39',/5% & +%+,% ,( %;+& 6&'() h%%& 4

%9%7 %;+& +3*6&.

A %),3 *&'() &h% +'6% & &h% 9%%, /*7% &h% ,% ,% *&%3 '( &h% 455:'()'(&%(,&'(,557 ,66%+&%3 &%

E-W(=7: E;-:8 %,( &h,& 7* %+('/'5'&7 ' & ,8% )3 ,9,'5,/5% & &h%/*7% ,& :8 4,6&7. Th% 4*55 6& ,(3 '8 '(959%3 '( /'()'() &h% )3 4 &h'+5,6% & &h% 3%'%3 3%&'(,&'( :'55 /% /(% /7 &h% /*7%. Th' &% &h* %+%%(& &h%'('* /5'),&'( 4 7*. I& ' &57 *%3 4 ,5% 4 +5,(&,&'( 63'&'% *6h ,&%, 644%% ,(3 66,.

F++ (, R81)FOR: F++ (, T=FOT:Th%% &% ,% *%3 :h%( &h% )3 ,% &/% 6,'%3 /7 ,'5 /*& &h%7 ,% ,5 *%3 4 ,3 &,(+&. Y* /5'),&'( ,% 4*54'55%3:h%( &h% )3 ,% 3%5'9%%3 & &h% 6,'%.

F++ A)(,371*+ Sh1/ FAS:O(6% &h% )3 h,9% /%%( +5,6%3 ,5()'3% &h% h'+ 7*/5'),&'( ,% 4*54'55%3 ,(3 &h% /*7% (&'4'%3. Th% /*7% h, & 6(&,6& :'&h &h% %,6,'% 4 &h% 6,',)% 4 &h% )3 & &h% 3%&'(,&'( ,(3 +,7 &h% 4%')h&. Th% /*7% h,& /%, ,55 6& ,(3 '8 4 5 3,,)% & &h% )3 h%%,4&%.

F++ (, B(8* FOB:Y* %+('/'5'&7 %(3 &h% %(& &h% 6(&,6&%3 )3 ,%+5,6%3 ( /,3 &h% h'+ 4%% 4 6& & &h% /*7% ,& , +& 4 h'+%(& (,%3 '( &h%

,5% 6(&,6&. O( /,3 %,( &h,& , R%6%'9%3 4 Sh'+%(& BL B'55 4 L,3'() '(& *44'6'%(&. S*6h BL '4 '*%3 *& /% 6(9%&%3 '(& Sh'++%3 ( B,3 BL /7*'() &h% &,+ Sh'++%3 ( B,3 ,(3 *& /%, ')(,&*% 4 &h% 6,'% h',*&h'%3 %+%%(&,&'9% &)%&h% :'&h 3,&% ( :h'6h &h% )3 :%% /,3%3.

C(7 8,* F+13h CF:Y* *& ( 7* :( '8 ,(3 (& , ,( ,)%(& 4 &h% /*7%6(&,6& 4 &h% 6,',)% 4 &h% )3 & &h% +& 4 3%&'(,&'( (,%3 '( &h% ,5% 6(&,6&,(3 +,7 &h% 4%')h&. Th' /%'() , h'+%(& 6(&,6& &h% +'(& 4 3%5'9%7 ' 4';%3 & &h%


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h'+ ,'5 ,(3 &h% '8 4 5 4 3,,)% & &h% )3 ' &,(4%%3 4 &h% %55% &&h% /*7% ,& &h,& 9%7 +'(&. A :'55 /% %%( &h*)h 7* /%, &h% 6& 4 6,',)% & &h%(,%3 3%&'(,&'( &h% '8 ' ,5%,37 &,(4%%3 & &h% /*7% ,& &h% +& 4 h'+%(&'&%54.

C(7 I,78,+ F+13h CIF:Th% &% ' /,'6,557 &h% ,% , CF /*& :'&h &h%,33'&'( &h,& 7* h,9% & /&,'( '(*,(6% ,& 7* 6& ,),'(& &h% '8 4 5 3,,)%& &h% )3 3*'() &h% 6,',)%.

F+13h ( C8183+ 81* DC:Wh'5% CF ' *%3 4 )3 :h'6h ,% & /% 6,'%3/7 %, &h% &% DCP ' *%3 4 5,(3 &,(+& (57 '(65*3'() (,&'(,5 ,(3'(&%(,&'(,5 &,(+& /7 ,3 ,'5 ,(3 '(5,(3 :,&%:,7. Y* h,9% & 6(&,6& 4 &h%6,',)% 4 &h% )3 & &h% ,)%%3 3%&'(,&'( (,%3 '( &h% 6(&,6& 4 &h% ,5% ,(3 +,74%')h&. Y* /5'),&'( ,% 4*54'55%3 :h%( &h% )3 ,% 3%5'9%%3 & &h% 4'& 6,'% ,(3(& /%7(3. I( 6,% &h% /*7% 3%'% 7* & '(*% &h% )3 &'55 &h% 3%&'(,&'( h%:*53 ,33 '(65*3'() '(*,(6% /%4% &h% :3 P,'3 '( F%')h& C,',)% P,'3 &.

EXSEX-Sh1/: Th' ' ,( ,'9,5 6(&,6& ,(3 %,( &h,& 7* ,8% &h% )3 ,9,'5,/5%& &h% /*7% '( &h% h'+ ,& &h% (,%3 +& 4 3%&'(,&'( , +% ,5% 6(&,6&. Y* h,9%& /%, &h% 4*55 6& ,(3 '8 '(959%3 '( /'()'() &h% )3 &h%%. Y* /5'),&'( '4*54'55%3 /%4% &h% 6*& /3% 4 &h% 4%')( 6*(&7 ,(3 '& ' 4 &h% /*7% & /&,'((%6%,7 '+& 5'6%(% ,& h' :( '8 ,(3 %;+%(%.

EXE-8


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FAOFOB A1/(:FOB A'+& ' /,%3 ( &h% ,% ,'( +'(6'+5% , &h% 3'(,7FOB &%. Y* 4*54'55 7* /5'),&'( /7 3%5'9%'() &h% )3 & &h% ,' 6,'% ,& &h%,'+& 4 3%+,&*%. W'&h*& &h% /*7% ,++9,5 3%5'9%7 ,& , &:( &%'(,5 *&'3% &h%,'+& ' (& *44'6'%(& 7* /5'),&'( :'&h %+%6& & 6& ,(3 '8 3 (& %;&%(3 &&h% ,'9,5 4 &h% )3 ,& &h% 3%&'(,&'(.

F++ C81+ N8+* (1, FRC:Th% &% h, /%%( 3%')(%3 +,&'6*5,57 & %%& &h%%*'%%(& 4 3%( &,(+& 5'8% *5&'-3,5 &,(+& , 6(&,'(% 55-(-55-44 &,44'6 /7 &,'5% ,(3 4%'%. Th% +'(6'+5% ( :h'6h &h% &% ' /,%3 ' ,%, ,++5'6,/5% & FOB %;6%+& &h,& &h% %55% &h% %;+&% 4*54'55 h' /5'),&'( :h%( h%3%5'9% &h% )3 '(& &h% 6*&37 4 &h% 6,'% ,& &h% (,%3 +'(&.

F+13h C8183+ 8,* I,78,+ 81* CI:Th% &% ' ''5, & F%')h& C,',)%P,'3 &. H:%9% '( 6,% 4 CIP 7* h,9% ,33'&'(,557 & +6*% &,(+& '(*,(6%,),'(& &h% '8 4 5 3,,)% & &h% )3 3*'() &h% 6,',)%. Y* 6(&,6& :'&h &h%'(*% ,(3 +,7 &h% '(*,(6% +%'*.

UNDERSTANDING RIS%S IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Wh'5% %55'() ,/,3 7* ,7 *(3%) &h% 455:'() '8. C+*1 17=

1. C+,< 17=

11. C8183+ 17=

111. C(,< 17=

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9%%, /*7%. A( ,+++',&% +5'67 4 E;+& C%3'& ,(3 G*,,(&%% C+,&'( 4I(3', L&3. 6,( ,5 /% /&,'(%3 4 &h' +*+%. C(,< 17=7,% ,5 69%%3 /7 &h%ECGC. A %),3 6*%(67 '8 '.%. +'/5% 5 3*% & ,39%% 45*6&*,&'( '( %;6h,()%,&% Y* h*53 /&,'( 4:,3 69% 4 7* /,(8 ,*&h'%3 & 3%,5 '( 4%')(%;6h,()%. A5&%(,&'9%57 7* h*53 /&,'( %;+& 3% '( I(3',( *+%%. C8183+ 17='.%. +'/5% 5 4 6,) '( &,('& 6,( /% 69%%3 /7 &,8'() , ,'(% '(*,(6% +5'674 &h% )%(%,5 '(*,(6% 6+,('%.

REGISTRATION

$ R+31781(, >1h R+7++ B8,= O; I,*18:N 5()% %*'%3. P' & 1.1.1> '&

:, 6+*57 4 %9%7 %;+&% & /&,'( ,( %;+&% 63% (*/% 4 &h% R%%9%B,(8 4 I(3', /%4% %(),)'() '( %;+&. Th' h, '(6% /%%( 3'+%(%3 :'&h ,(3%)'&,&'( :'&h &h% 5'6%('() ,*&h'&'% ' *44'6'%(& /%4% 6%(6'() %;+& '+&.$ R+31781(, >1h R+31(,8) L1+,71,3:A*&h'&'% /&,'('() IEC C3% N*/% Th%C*& A*&h'&'% :'55 (& ,55: 7* & '+& %;+& )3 '(& 4 I(3',*(5% 7* h53 , 9,5'3 IEC (*/%. F /&,'('() IEC (*/% 7* h*53 ,++57 &R%)'(,5 L'6%('() A*&h'&7 5'& )'9%( '( A++%(3'; 2 '( 3*+5'6,&% '( &h% +%6'/%3


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I4 &h% ,++5'6,&'( 4 %)'&,&'( ' ),(&%3 &h% EPC FIEO h,55 '*% &h% RCMC'(3'6,&'() &h% &,&* 4 &h% ,++5'6,(& , %6h,(& %;+&% ,(*4,6&*% %;+&%. Th%RCMC h,55 /% 9,5'3 4 4'9% 7%, %(3'() !1& M,6h 4 &h% 5'6%('() 7%,. Th%6%&'4'6,&% h,55 /% 3%%%3 & /% 9,5'3 4 1& A+'5 4 &h% 5'6%('() 7%, '( :h'6h '&:, '*%3.

R+31781(, W1h S8)+7 T8 Ah(11+7:G3 :h'6h ,% & /% h'++%3 *& 4 &h%6*(&7 4 %;+& ,% %5')'/5% 4 %;%+&'( 4 /&h S,5% T,; ,(3 C%(&,5 S,5% T,;.F &h' +*+% 7* h*53 )%& 7*%54 %)'&%%3 :'&h &h% S,5% T,; A*&h'&7 4 7*&,&% ,4&% 455:'() &h% +6%3*% +%6'/%3 *(3% &h% S,5% T,; A6& ,++5'6,/5% & 7*S&,&%.

REGISTRATION FORM:-


23/82

DESATCHING SAMLES

A &h% 9%%, /*7% )%(%,557 '('& 4 &h% ,+5% /%4% +5,6'() 6(4'%3 3%

'& ' %%(&',5 &h,& &h% ,+5% ,% ,&&,6&'9% '(4,&'9% ,(3 h,9% %&%(&'( ,(3 %'(3%9,5*%. B%'3% &h% %;+&% h*53 8(: &h% G9%(%(& +5'67 ,(3 +6%3*% 4%;+& 4 ,+5% 4 I(3',. H% h*53 ,5 /% ,:,% ,/*& &h% 6h%,+%& 3% 4%(3'() ,+5%.

I( &h' 6((%6&'( '& ' ,39'%3 &h,& &h% +&,5 6h,((%5 ' 6+,,&'9%57 6h%,+% &h,(%(3'() ,+5% /7 ,'. Wh'5% %(3'() ,+5% &h*)h +&,5 6h,((%5 3*% %),3 h*53/% )'9%( & :%')h& ,(3 3'%('( 4 &h% +& +,6%5 , +&,5 ,*&h'&'% h,9%+%6'/%3 ,;'* :%')h& ,(3 3'%('( 4 &h% +& +,6%5 h,(35%3 /7 &h%. Wh%%'& ' (& +'/5% & %(3 &h% ,+5% /7 +& +,6%5 &h% ,% ,7 /% %(& /7 ,'. S 4,, &h% G9%(%(& +5'67 %),3'() %;+& 4 ,+5% ' 6(6%(%3 3'&'(6&'( h, /%%(

,3% /%&:%%( %;+& 4 6%6',5 ,+5% ,(3 )'4& +,6%5. I( &% 4 P,, 11." 4&h% I+& E;+& P5'67 , 3'4'%3 *+& !1.!.1 )3 '(65*3'() %3'/5% '&% 49,5*% (& %;6%%3'() R.100000 '( , 5'6%('() 7%, ,7 /% %;+&%3 , , )'4&. I&%%(&'(%3 , %&'6&%3 4 %;+& '( &h% ITC HS C5,'4'6,&'( 4 E;+& I+&I&% h,55 (& /% %;+&%3 , , )'4& :'&h*& , 5'6%(% %;6%+& '( &h% 6,% 4 %3'/5% '&%.E;+& 4 /(,4'3% &,3% ,(3 &%6h('6,5 ,+5% h,9'() '(3%5'/5% ,8'() , ,+5% (&4 ,5% ' ,55:%3 4%%57 :'&h*& ,(7 5''&. H:%9% '( *6h 6,% :h%% '(3%5'/5%,8'() ' (& ,9,'5,/5% &h% ,+5% ,7 /% ,55:%3 4 , 9,5*% (& %;6%%3'() US 10000 +% 6(')(%(&. I( ,33'&'( &h% %;+&% h, &h% +&'( & ,9,'5 &h% 4,6'5'&7 44%% ,+5% *+& US


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25/82

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'+&%.''. Th% %;+&% ,)%% &h,& ,(7 3% %(*''% %5,&'() & &h% +%6'4'%3 &%'&7%6%'9%3 /7 h' 3*'() &h% 6*%(67 4 &h' ,)%%%(& :'55 /% +,%3 ( & &h% '+&%& 3%,5 :'&h.'''. Th% %;+&% ,)%% &h,& h% :'55 ,8% h'+%(& 4 ,55 3% %6%'9%3 4 &h%'+&% /7 %,5'%& h'++'() ++&*('&7 *(5% +%9%(&%3 4 3'() /76'6*&,(6% /%7(3 &h% 4% 6(&5.'9. Th% %;+&% ,)%% & 6h,)% &h% '+&% 4 ,55 )3 3%%3 3*'() &h% 6*%(674 &h' ,)%%%(& &h% +'6% 3%&,'5%3 '( P'6% L'& N. ......... ,++%(3%3 & &h' ,)%%%(&*(5% ,(7 3% ' %6%'9%3 ,& 5%,& (% (&h ,4&% (&'4'6,&'( 4 +'6% 6h,()% /7 &h%%;+&% & &h% '+&%.

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ACUIRE EXORT LICENSE

E/(7 ;++ ,)+77 +3)8+*:Th% 6*%(& E;+& L'6%('() P5'67 4 &h% G9%(%(&4 I(3', ' 6(&,'(%3 '( &h% (%: I+& E;+& P5'67 ,(3 P6%3*% 1>-2002 ,,%(3%3 *+& !1.!.1. Th% P5'67 ,(3 P6%3*% ,% ,%(3%3 4 &'% & &'% ,(34 5,&%& +'&'( 8'(357 %4% &. H:%9% 4 &h% ,8% 4 '(4,&'( 4 &h% ++%6&'9%%;+&% '& ,7 /% &,&%3 &h,& ,55 )3 ,7 /% %;+&%3 :'&h*& ,(7 %&'6&'( %;6%+&& &h% %;&%(& *6h %;+& ,% %)*5,&%3 /7 &h% ITC HS C5,'4'6,&'( 4 E;+& ,(3I+& '&% ,(7 &h% +9''( 4 &h' +5'67 ,(7 &h% 5,: 4 &h% &'% /%'() '(46%. Th% D'%6& G%(%,5 4 F%')( T,3% ,7 h:%9% +%6'47 &h*)h , P*/5'6N&'6% *6h &% ,(3 6(3'&'( ,663'() & :h'6h ,(7 )3 (& '(65*3%3 '( &h% ITCHS C5,'4'6,&'( 4 E;+& ,(3 I+& '&% ,7 /% %;+&%3 :'&h*& , 5'6%(%. S*6h

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27/82

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S6h%3*5% 2 A++%(3'; < ,(3 S6h%3*5% 2 A++%(3'; = %+%6&'9%57 4 &h% /8 + > ! &'&5%3ITCHS C5,'4'6,&'( 4 E;+& ,(3 I+& '&% ( &h% /,' 4 )*'3%5'(% '*%3 '(&h' %),3 4 &'% & &'%.

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T8*+ F817Eh1911(,7:A(7 I(3',( :'h'() & ),('% ,(7 T,3% F,'E;h'/'&'( '(I(3', ,/,3 :*53 /% %*'%3 & /&,'( , 6%&'4'6,&% 4 ,( 44'6% 4 &h% ,(8 (&/%5: &h,& 4 ,( U(3% S%6%&,7 & &h% G9%(%(& 4 I(3', '( &h% M'('&7 4

C%6% ,( O44'6% 4 I(3', T,3% P&'( O),(',&'( 3*57 ,*&h'%3 /7 '&6h,',( '( &h' /%h,54 & &h% %44%6& &h,& *6h %;h'/'&'( 4,' , &h% 6,% ,7 /%''5, h: 3'+5,7 h, /%%( ,++9%3 +(%3 /7 &h% G9%(%(& 4 I(3', '(&h% M'('&7 4 C%6% &h% I(3', T,3% P&'( O),(',&'( ,(3 &h% ,% '/%'() h%53 '( +*/5'6 '(&%%&.

G1;7S/8+7R+/)8++, G((*7:F %;+& 4 )'4& '(3')%(*'+&%3 +,% ,(3%+5,6%%(& )3 '( %;6% 4 &h% +%6'/%3 6%'5'()+%'3 ,( ,++5'6,&'( ,7 /%,3% & &h% D'%6& G%(%,5 4 F%')( T,3%.

E/( h(3h C(1+ S+1+:I+&E;+& &h*)h , %)'&%%3 6*'% %9'6% '

+%'&&%3 , +% &h% N&'4'6,&'( '*%3 /7 &h% D%+,&%(& 4 R%9%(*%. H:%9%'+&,/'5'&7%;+&,/'5'&7 4 *6h '&% h,55 /% %)*5,&%3 '( ,663,(6% :'&h &h% +5'67.


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F /&,'('() , +5'67 7* h*53 ,++57 & &h% (%,%& 44'6% 4 &h% ECGC '( &h%+%6'/%3 F (.121 /&,'(,/5% 4 ECGC ,5() :'&h &h% 455:'() 36*%(&'. B,(8 C%&'4'6,&% ,/*& &h% 4'(,(6',5 +'&'(''. A++5'6,&'( 4 4 4';'() &h% 6%3'& 5''&'''. N,%,33% 4 4%')( /*7% 4';'() */-5''&

A4&% %;,'('() &h% ++,5 ECGC :*53 %(3 &h% %;+&% ,( 44% 5%&&% &,&'() &h%&% 4 '& 69% ,(3 +%'* ,&%. Th% +5'67 :'55 /% '*%3 ,4&% &h% %;+&%6(9%7 h' 6(%(& & &h% +%'* ,&% ,(3 +,7 , ((-%4*(3,/5% +5'67 4%% 4 R. 1004 +5'6'% :'&h ,;'* 5',/'5'&7 5''& + > ! *+& R. < 5,8h R. 200 /%&:%%( R. ! (& ,9,'5&h%%59% 4 +,68'() 6%3'& 4,6'5'&7 ,),'(& &h% ,% &,(,6&'( 4 &h% ,% +*+%&'55 &h% ')'(,5 +,68'() 6%3'& ' 5'*'3,&%3. C+'% 4 I(6% T,;W%,5&h T,;,%%(& O3% 4 &h% 5,& 2-! 7%, '( &h% 6,% 4 5% ++'%&,7 ,(3 +,&(%h'+4'.

C+7 4 E;+&% C3% N*/% CNX. C+7 4 , 9,5'3 RCMC R%)'&,&'(-6*-M%/%h'+ C%&'4'6,&% h%53 /7 7* ,(3 &h% E;+&T,3'()S&,T,3'() H*%C%&'4'6,&%. A+++',&% +5'67)*,,(&%% 4 &h% ECGC.A(7 &h% 36*%(& %*'%3 /7 &h% B,(8. F %(6*,)'() %;+& R.B.I. h,'(&*6&%3 &h% /,(8 & ),(& +%-h'+%(& ,39,(6% ,& , 6(6%'(,5 ,&% 4 '(&%%&. Th%+%%(& ,&% 4 '(&%%& ' 10 +.,. 4 +%-h'+%(& ,39,(6% *+& ,( '('&',5 +%'3 4 1?03,7. P%-h'+%(& ,39,(6% 4 , 4*&h% +%'3 4 0 3,7 ' )'9%( ,& &h% 6(6%'(,5,&% 4 1! +.,. B,(8 ,% 4%% & 3%&%'(% &h% '(&%%& ,&% 4 ,39,(6% /%7(3 2>03,7 ,(3 *+& !=0 3,7.

F())(>1,3 7/+18) 7h++7 8+ 8)7( 881)89)+ 1, +7/+ (; /+-7h1/+, ;1,8,+:

@E1 B8,=?7 7h++ ; ),(& 4 4%')( 6*%(67 +%-h'+%(& 6%3'& & %;+&% 44'(,(6'() 6& 4 '+&%3 '(+*& 4 ,(*4,6&*% 4 %;+& +3*6&.S6h%% 4 %;+& +,68'() 6%3'& & */-*++5'% 4 %;+& 3%.P,68'() 6%3'& 4 3%%%3 %;+&.P%-h'+%(& C%3'& '( F%')( C*%(67 PCFC.

(7 Sh1/+, F1,8,+

P&-h'+%(& 4'(,(6% ' &h% 4'(,(6% +9'3%3 ,),'(& h'++'() 36*%(&. I& ' ,5

+9'3%3 ,),'(& 3*&7 3,:/,68 65,'. I& ' +9'3%3 '( &h% 455:'() 4

h87+ (; E/( D(+,7 *8>, ,*+ E/( O*+:P*6h,% 3'6*(&4,6'5'&'% '( %+%6& 4 %;+& /'55 3,:( *(3% 6(4'%3 %;+& 3% ,% )%(%,557),(&%3 & &h% 6*&% :h ,% %(K7'() B'55 P*6h,%D'6*(&'() 5''& 4 &h%B,(8. A '( 6,% 4 +*6h,% 3'6*(&'() 4 %;+& 36*%(& 3,:( *(3% %;+&3% &h% %6*'&7 44%%3 *(3% LC /7 :,7 4 */&'&*&'( 4 6%3'&-:&h'(% 4 &h%/*7% /7 &h% '*'() /,(8 ' (& ,9,'5,/5% &h% /,(8 4'(,(6'() ' &&,557 3%+%(3%(& *+(&h% 6%3'& :&h'(% 4 &h% /*7% '.%. &h% '+&% , :%55 , &h,& 4 &h% %;+&% &h%/%(%4'6',7. Th% 36*%(& 3,:( ( DP /,' ,% +,&%3 :'&h &h*)h 4%')(6%+(3%(& (57 :h%( +,7%(& ' %6%'9%3 :h'5% '( 6,% 4 DA /'55 36*%(&

'(65*3'() &h,& 4 &'&5% & &h% )3 ,% +,%3 ( & &h% 9%%, '+&% ,),'(& &h%,66%+&,(6% 4 &h% 3,4& & ,8% +,7%(& ( ,&*'&7. DA /'55 ,% &h* *(%6*%3. Th%/,(8 4'(,(6'() ,),'(& %;+& /'55 ' +%( & &h% '8 4 ((-+,7%(&. B,(8 '( 3% &%(h,(6% %6*'&7 )%(%,557 +& 4 ECGC +5'6'% ,(3 )*,,(&%% :h'6h ,% '*%3 '(4,9 4 &h% %;+&%/,(8 & +&%6& &h%' '(&%%& ( +%6%(&,)% /,' '( 6,% 4 ((-+,7%(& 3%5,7%3 +,7%(& :h'6h ' (& ( ,66*(& 4 '6h'%4 '&,8% (%)5')%(6%( &h% +,& 4 %;+&%. W'&h'( &h% &&,5 5''& 4 +5'67 '*%3 & &h% 6*&% 3,:%%-:'% 5''& ,% )%(%,557 4';%3 4 '(3'9'3*,5 6*&%. A& &h% &'% 4 +*6h,'() &h%


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/'55 /,(8 h, & ,6%&,'( &h,& &h' 3,:%% 5''& ' (& %;6%%3%3 , & ,8% &h% /,(8'(%5')'/5% 4 65,' '( 6,% 4 ((-+,7%(&.

A*8,+7 8381,7 E/( B1))7 S+, (, C())+1(,: I& ,7 %&'% /% +'/5% &,9,'5 ,39,(6% ,),'(& %;+& /'55 %(& ( 655%6&'(. I( *6h 6,% &h% %;+& /'55 ,%

%(& /7 &h% /,(8 ( 655%6&'( /,' , ,),'(& &h%' +*6h,%3'6*(&'() /7 &h% /,(8.A39,(6% ,),'(& *6h /'55 ' ),(&%3 /7 :,7 4 , %+,,&% 5,( **,557 &%%3 , +&-h'+%(& 5,(. Th' 4,6'5'&7 ' '( 4,6& ,(&h% 4 4 +&- h'+%(& ,39,(6% ,(3 ',(6&'(%3 /7 &h% /,(8 ( &h% ,% &% ,(3 6(3'&'( , ,++5'6,/5% & &h% 4,6'5'&7 4N%)&',&'(P*6h,%D'6*(& 4 %;+& /'55. A ,)'( 4 10 & 2


32/82

D,:/,68 R*5% 1++:h%% %&&5%%(& ' (& +'/5% *(3% &h% '+5'4'%3 +6%3*% %;+&% ,7

/&,'( ,39,(6% ,),'(& 65,' 4 3*&7 3,:/,68 , +9''(,557 6%&'4'%3 /7 6*&.N%)&',&'( 4 E;+& 36*%(& D,:( *(3% LC Th' ,+%6& h, /%%( 3'6*%3 '(&h% 6h,+&% ( S+%6',5 C,% 4 (%)&',&'( 4 E;+& D6*%(& *(3% L%&&% 4 C%3'&.

RATES OF INTEREST

Th% ,&% 4 '(&%%& 3%+%(3 ( &h% (,&*% 4 &h% B'55 '.%. :h%&h% '& ' , 3%,(3 /'55 *,(6% /'55. L'8% +%-h'+%(& +&-h'+%(& 4'(,(6% ' ,5 ,9,'5,/5% ,& 6(6%'(,5,&% 4 '(&%%&. P%%(& R,&% 4 '(&%%& ,% , *(3%

D+8,* B1))74 &,('& +%'3 N& %;6%%3'() , +%6'4'%3 /7 FEDAI 10 +.,.

U78,+ B1))74 &&,5 +%'3 6+''() *,(6% +%'3 4 %;-+& /'55 &,('& +%'3 ,+%6'4'%3 /7 FEDAI ,(3 ),6% +%'3 :h%%9% ,++5'6,/5%,. U+& 0 3,7 10 +.,./. B%7(3 0 3,7 ,(3 *+& '; 12 +.,.(&h 4 &h% 3,&% 4 h'+%(&.6. B%7(3 '; (&h 4 &h% 20 3,&% 4 Sh'+%(& M'('*A),'(& 3*&7 3,:/,68 %&6. %6%'9%- N& %;6%-9,/5% 4 G9%(%(& 69%%3 /7,33'() 10ECGC )*,,(&%% *+& 0 3,7 +.,. ". A),'(& *(3,:( /,5,(6% *+& 03,7 -- 3 --


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F(;811,3 F1,8,+ ;( EXIM B8,=:A (%: 4'(,(6'() +&'( 4 &h% I(3',( %;+&%' ,9,'5,/5% *(3% &h% 44,'&'() 4'(,(6% S6h%% %6%(&57 '(&3*6%3 /7 &h% EXIM B,(8.F4,'&'() ' , 4 4 &,3% 4'(,(6% '(959'() 3'6*(&'() 4 %3'*-&% %;+&%6%'9,/5% :'&h :'&h*& %6*% & &h% %;+&%. Th% ,,()%%(& %(9',)%3'6*(&'() /7 I(3',( %;+&% 4 /'55 4 %;6h,()%+'7 (&% %5,&'() & %;+&

&,(,6&'( :h'6h ,% )*,,(&%%3 /7 &h% /*7% /,(8% :'&h 9%%, 44,'&'(),)%(6'% ( :'&h*& %6*% /,'.

E;+&% '('&',&% (%)&',&'( :'&h &h% ++%6&'9% 9%%, /*7% :'&h %),3 & &h%/,'6 6(&,6& +'6% +%'3 4 6%3'& ,&% 4 '(&%%& %&6. A4&% *66%4*5 (%)&',&'(h% 4*('h% &h% %5%9,(& +,&'6*5, *6h , (,% ,(3 6*(&7 4 9%%, /*7%6(&,6& 9,5*% (,&*% 4 )3 &%(*% 4 6%3'& (,% ,(3 6*(&7 4 )*,,(&%%'()/,(8% & &h% E;' B,(8 ,(3 %*%& 4 ,( '(3'6,&'9% 3'6*(&'() *&%. E;' B,(8/&,'( &h% '(3'6,&'9% *&% 4 44,'&'() 3'6*(& &)%&h% :'&h 6'&%(& 4%% ,(3&h% 6h,)% '4 ,(7 & /% +,'3 /7 &h% %;+&% 4 ,( 9%%, 44,'&'() ,)%(67.

O( %6%'+& 4 &h% '(3'6,&'9% *&% 4 &h% E;' B,(8 &h% %;+&% 4'(,5'% &h% &%4 &h% 6(&,6& 5,3'() &h% 3'6*(& ,(3 &h% 6h,)% '( &h% 9,5*% ,(3 ,++,6h% E;'B,(8 4 /&,'('() , 4' *&%. E;' B,(8 ,,()% & )%& &h% ,% 4 ,(,+++',&% 9%%, 44,'&'() ,)%(67 ,(3 4*('h% &h% ,% & &h% %;+&%. A& &h'&,)% %;+&% :*53 /% %*'%3 & 6(4' ,66%+&,(6% 4 &h% ,,()%%(& & E;'B,(8 :'&h'( , +%6'4'6 +%'3 , &'+*5,&%3 /7 &h,& B,(8.

Th% %;+& 6(&,6& 65%,57 '(3'6,&% &h,& &h% 9%%, /*7% h,55 +%+,% , %'% 4)*,,(&%%3 P'7 N&% '( 4,9* 4 &h% %;+&% ,(3 h,(3 &h% 9% ,),'(& &h%h'++'() 36*%(& & h' /,(8%. Th% P'7 N&% :'55 /% %(3%3 :'&h &h%:3 :'&h*& %6*% /7 &h% %;+&% ,(3 h,(3%3 9% & h' /,(8% '( I(3', 4

(:,3 &,(''( & &h% E;' B,(8.

A5&%(,&'9%57 &h% %;+& 6(&,6& ,7 +9'3% 4 %;+&% & 3,: , %'% 4 B'55 4%;6h,()% ( &h% 9%%, /*7% :h'6h :'55 /% %(& :'&h &h% h'++'() 36*%(& &h*)h5,&&% /,(8% 4 ,66%+&,(6% /7 &h% 9%%, /*7%. O9%%, /*7% /,(8% :'55h,(39% &h% 36*%(& ,),'(& ,66%+&,(6% 4 B'55 4 E;6h,()% /7 &h% /*7% ,(3')(,&*% 4 ,9,5 &h% )*,,(&%%'() /,(8. A9,5'%3 ,(3 ,66%+&%3 /'55 4 %;6h,()% :'55/% %&*(%3 & &h% %;+&% &h*)h h' /,(8%. E;+&% :'55 %(3% ,9,5'%3 B'55 4E;6h,()% :'&h &h% :3 :'&h*& %6*% ,(3 %&*( &h% & h' /,(8% 4 (:,3&,(''( & &h% E;' B,(8.

E;' B,(8 :'55 4:,3 &h% B'55 4 E;6h,()%P'7 N&% ,4&% 9%'4'6,&'( & &h%44,'&'() ,)%(67 4 3'6*(&'() /7 &h% 5,&&%.

E;' B,(8 :'55 ,,()% & 655%6& &h% 3'6*(&%3 +6%%3 4 P'7 N&%B'55 4E;6h,()% 4 &h% 9%%, 44,'&'() ,)%(67 ,(3 %44%6& +,7%(& & &h% (& ,66*(&4 &h% %;+&% /,(8 , +% &h% 5,&&% '(&*6&'(.


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UNDERSTAND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES ROTECT AGAINST

THEIR ADVERSE MOVEMENT

I. Eh8,3+ R8+7:E;+& 6(&,6& ,% 6(65*3%3 %'&h% '( I(3',( *+%% '( 4%')(6*%(67. Wh%% &h% 6(&,6& ,% '( I(3',( *+%% &h% %5,&%3 36*%(& ,% ,5

+%+,%3 '( I(3',( *+%% ,(3 ( 6(9%'( ' '(959%3. H:%9% :h%% &h% /'55 '3,:( '( 4%')( 6*%(67 5'8% US DM %&6. 7* :'55 )%& I(3',( *+%% (57 ,4&% &h%6(9%'( 4 4%')( 6*%(67 ,& &h% ,+++',&% %;6h,()% ,&%. Th* &h% %;6h,()% ,&%/%6% 9%7 '+&,(& & 3%&%'(% &h% I(3',( *+%% +,7,/5%. A 4,9,/5% %;6h,()%,&% :'55 4%&6h 7* % *+%% ,(3 9'6%-9%,. I& &h%%4% /%6% %%(&',5 4 7* &),'( % /,'6 8(:5%3)% ,/*& %;6h,()% ,&% &h% :8'() *& 4 '& *&,&'( /7 &h%/,(8 &h% 4,6& 3%&%'('() &h% %;6h,()% ,&% '( &h% ,8%& ,(3 &h% +%6,*&'( 7*h*53 &,8% , & ,9'3 +'/5% 5% '( 4*&*% 3*% & ,39%% 9%%(& 4 &h%%;6h,()% ,&%. I( &h% 455:'() +,,),+h :% h,55 %(3%,9 & %;+5,'( &h%% '*%.Th% ,&% ,++5'%3 /7 &h% /,(8 4 6(9%&'() 4%')( 6*%(67 '(& I(3',( *+%% ,(39'6% 9%, ,% 8(:( , %;6h,()% ,&%. I( &h% :3 %;6h,()% ,&% ' &h% ,&% ,&

:h'6h (% 6*%(67 6,( /% %;6h,()%3 4 ,(&h%.

Th++ 8+ >( 7


36/82

6*%(67 /*7'() ,&% ,(3 , ,&% ,& :h'6h &h% /,(8 %55 4%')( 6*%(67 %55'() ,&%.B,(8 3 %;+%6& % +4'& '( %;6h,()% +%,&'( ,(3 &h%% ' ,5:,7 % 3'44%%(6%'( /*7'() ,(3 %55'() ,&%. H:%9% &h% ,;'* +%,3 ,9,'5,/5% & /,(8 '%&'6&%3 '( &% 4 6%'5'() '+%3 /7 R%%9% B,(8 4 I(3',. A55 %;6h,()% ,&% /7,*&h'%3 3%,5% ,% *&%3 '( &% 4 &h%' 6,+,6'&7 , /*7% %55%.

D1;;++, 7+7 (; +h8,3+ 8+7 8+ 8//)1+* ;( 81(7


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A& &'% 4%')( /*7% 5,7 3:( &h%' :( &,(3,3 +%6'4'6,&'( :h'6h ,7 ,7(& /% '( 6((,(6% :'&h &h% I(3',( &,(3,3. Th%7 ,7 ,5 '('& *+( '(+%6&'( /7&h%' :( ('(,&%3 ,)%(6'%. Th%% '*% h*53 /% &%3 *& /%4% 6(4',&'( 43%. S+%6'4'6 +9''( h,9% ,5 /%%( ,3% 4 6+*57 '(+%6&'( 4 &%;&'5%)3.

P3*6& h,9'() ISI C%&'4'6,&'( ,8 A),8 ,% (& %*'%3 & /% '(+%6&%3 /7,(7 ,)%(67. Th%% +3*6& 3 (& 4,55 :'&h'( &h% +*9'%: 4 &h% %;+& '(+%6&'(,)%(6'% (%&:8. Th% C*& A*&h'&'% ,55: %;+& 4 *6h )3 %9%( '4 (&,66+,('%3 /7 ,(7 +%-h'+%(& '(+%6&'( 6%&'4'6,&% +9'3%3 &h%7 ,% &h%:'%,&'4'%3 &h,& &h% )3 6,7 ISI C%&'4'6,&'( &h% A),8.

D%+%(3'() *+( &h% (,&*% 4 +3*6& )3 %,(& 4 %;+& ,% '(+%6&%3 4 *,5'&7'( &h% 455:'() ,((% C(,713,+, ( C(,713,+, I,7/+1(,E,6h '(3'9'3*,56(')(%(& ' '(+%6&%3 /7 &h% E;+& I(+%6&'( A)%(67 C3'&7 B,3 ,(36%&'4'6,&% 4 '(+%6&'( ' '*%3. Th% ,++5'6,&'( 4 '(+%6&'( 4 )3 h, & /%

*/'&&%3 :%55 '( ,39,(6% /%4% &h% %;+%6&%3 3,&% 4 h'+%(& 4 &h% 6(')(%(&.I(+%6&'( 4 &h% 6(')(%(& ' )%(%,557 6,'%3 *& %'&h% ,& &h% +%'% 4 &h%%;+&% +9'3%3 ,3%*,&% 4,6'5'&'% %;'& &h%%'( 4 '(+%6&'( ,& &h% +& 4h'+%(&. Th% %;+& '(+%6&'( ,)%(67 h, , ')h& & %;%6'% *+%9''( 4 '(+%6&%36(')(%(& ,& ,(7 +5,6% &'%.

Th% ,++5'6,&'( h*53 /% ,3% '( 3*+5'6,&% '( &h% (%: +%6'/%3 4 I(&',&'( 4I(+%6&'( , +% &,(3,3'%3 +%-h'+%(& %;+& 36*%(& & &h% (%,%& 44'6% 4&h% %+%6&'9% E;+& I(+%6&'( A)%(67 ,5() :'&h &h% 455:'() 36*%(&P,&'6*5, 4 &h% 6(')(%(& '(&%(3%3 & /% %;+&%3.A 6%3 6h%*%3,4& 4 &h% ,*(& 4 %*''&% '(+%6&'( 4%% ,( I(3',( P&,5

O3%.O C+7 4 &h% C%6',5 I(9'6%.O C+7 4 5%&&% 4 6%3'&.O D%&,'5 4 +,68'() +%6'4'6,&'(.O C+7 4 &h% %;+& 3%6(&,6& '(3'6,&'() '(&% ,5', &h% /*7% %*'%%(& &h,&)3 ,% &'6&57 ,663'() & &h% +%6'/%3 +%6'4'6,&'( , +% ,+5% %&6.

A4&% ,&'47'() '&%54 &h,& &h% 6(')(%(& 4 %;+&,/5% )3 %%& &h% %*'%%(&&'+*5,&%3 '( &h% %;+& 6(&,6&3% &h% '(+%6&'( ,)%(67 '*% )%(%,557 :'&h'(4* 3,7 4 %6%'+& 4 '(&',&'( 4 '(+%6&'( &h% (%6%,7 6%&'4'6,&% 4 '(+%6&'( &&h% %;+&% '( &h% +%6'/%3 P4, '( 4'9% 6+'%. Th% 6%&'4'6,&% ' '*%3 '( &h%

&,(3,3'%3 4 :h'6h ' ,5')(%3 +%-h'+%(& %;+& 36*%(&. Th%% 6+'% 4%;+&% ')'(,5 6+7 4 6*& *% &h% %6(3 6+7 4 &h% *% 4 &h% 4%')( /*7%,(3 &h% &h'3 6+7 4 &h% %;+&% *% 4*&h 6+7 4 D,&, B,(8 E;+& I(+%6&'(C*(6'5 N%: D%5h' ,(3 &h% 4'4&h 6+7 ' %&,'(%3 :'&h &h% ,)%(67 4 &h%' :( 44'6%%63.


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