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In the name of Allah the most the gracious most merciful

From water we have created

everything alive

Allah is the most

truthful.

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Contents of the lecture

Cooling Operation in the human body

The factors affecting the process of sweat evaporation

The factors affecting the individual response to

the heat exhaustion

The behavioral and health Symptoms of heat

Prevention from the heat

exhaustion

The size of the problem

Definition of the Heat Exhaustion

Aims

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Aims

Understanding the extent of heat exhaustion

influence on the human body

Understanding how the human body deals with

the heat exhaustion

Method of preventing the effects of the heat

exhaustion

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What is the temperature

exhaustion?

It is a group of symptoms resulting

from the increase of exposing to the

heat or the exhaustion at work under

harsh weather conditions.

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What is the size of the problem?

The problem aggravates in the summer

season.

One case of death at America in 2002

Short of data at Kuwait

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Cooling operations in

the human body

Evaporation The body

temperature

causes sweat

which scatters

when it transfers

from liquid to

vapor.

Breath

Heat load The body loses its

temperature to the

atmosphere surrounding it to

be replaced by a cold air.

Radiation The body loses its

temperature in the cold

things neighboring the

body without touching

them directly Connection

The body loses its

temperature to the

neighboring cold

things when touching

the same directly

Methods of scattering heat from the

human body

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Cooling operations in the human body

Hypothalamus (thermostat)

Coordination center for temperature

organizing operations

Sending instructions to the body organs

to perform cooling operations

It locates at the lower

part of the brain

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Sweat glands

Skin

EVAPORATION

Cont... Cooling operations

in the human body

Heating

blood Flowing

into the

head

The hot blood reaching the

hypothalamus

nervous

signal

Opening

the sweat

glands

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in the human body

The person loses a rate of 1.5

liter/ hour of liquids

Continuous liquids losing

leads to dryness.

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Difficulties faced by

the fireman


in the human body

The temperature amount which is generated by his

body 70%

The external temperature absorption forms 30%

which includes:

Whether and humidity temperature

Fire temperature

طرق انتقال الحرارة إلى جسم الإنسان.ppt

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The factors affecting the operation

of sweat evaporation

The skin surface exposed to

the environment

The relative temperature and

humidity degree of the air.

The air current movement

around the body

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The factors affecting the individual

response to the heat exhaustion

Weight Physical fitness

Heart diseases Aging

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Medicines Diabetes

Food Quality Non-adaptation

Cont… the factors affecting the individual

response to the heat exhaustion

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The behavioral and health

symptoms of heat

The behavioral symptoms resulting

from the heat exhaustion

Aggressive

behavior

Recklessness Slowness in work

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Health symptoms

Heat wearing out

Cont… The behavioral and health symptoms of heat

It is a dryness case which is suffered by the man as a

result of losing a great amount of liquids and salts

because of exposing to the heat or the hard work

excessively.

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Sings of heat wearing out

Headache Nausea

weakness Anxiety


Cont.. The health symptoms

Vomiting

Muscles contractions

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Aiding the afflicted with heat wearing out

Taking rest Cold place Providing with

liquids



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Sunstroke

It is a case which threatens the

man’s life, caused by exposing

to high temperature or humidity.

The human temperature

increases to reach 41 C – 43 C

so that it causes damage in the

central nervous system of the

body.



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The symptoms

Increase in the body

temperature

Heat and skin

dryness Mental confusion

Unconsciousness Coma Death



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Taking off the

clothes entirely Immersing or sprinkling

him using cold water

Massaging the limbs of

the affected person.

Taking him to the

hospital immediately

Aiding the affected person

Medical

emergencies



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Prevention from heat

exhaustion

Dryness symptoms

Thirst

Skin

dryness

Bad temper

Exhaustion

confusion Lack of

Coordination

Decrease of

urinary rate

Increase of

temperature

degree

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Cont… Prevention from heat

exhaustion

Risks of losing liquids in the human body

2% dryness occurrence

4% non-ability to work

7% vomiting or fainting

10% of death rates.

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Benefits of providing with liquids

Organizing the body temperature.


exhaustion

Providing with liquids

Compensating the liquids amount

lost.

Vital organs performing their

functions entirely

Compensating the lost salts.

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Outside the house

Drinking half liter of water before leaving

the house (garden – sport…etc.)


exhaustion

Providing with liquids

Drinking quarter liter of water during

working outside the house.

Lessening of drinking liquids which

contain Caffeine substance.

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At the fire station

Drink water all day long


exhaustion

Avoid drinking caffeine

Urine periodically to

avoid the bladder

being full.

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Start drinking water during heading

for the accident site.

At the accident site


exhaustion

Drink water during replacing the air

cylinder.

When the accident period becomes

longer than an hour, drink water

lightened by juices inasmuch as half

of the same.

Drink water during coming back to

the station

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The common belief before 1971

The adaptation period is from 4-6 days

(temperature degree- heart pulses rate- skin)


exhaustion

Adaptation – adapting with the air

temperature.

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A study conducted by American Navy in 1971:

Non-sufficiency of the period 4-6 days (gullet temperature-

contracting& stretching pressure- artery pressure)

7 days

How long does the man need to be

adapted with the air temperature?


exhaustion

Cont… Adaptation – adapting with the air

temperature.

14 days

21 days

45 %

79%

99.6%

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How to be adapted

Started to work in hot weathers at the

beginning of the season


exhaustion

Working for short and varying periods.

Taking a sufficient amount of rest and

having liquids before , during and after

work.

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It helps the body to endure the heat

burdens.

Its benefits


exhaustion

Physical fitness:

Provide a capacity for the heart

which is required to maintain the

body temperature organized.

It activates and widens the blood

circulation , increases the blood size

and passes great amount of the

same in the blood vessels to help in

cooling the body.

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It helps him to sweat rapidly in order to make

the fireman works at a low heart beats and

temperature rates.

Cont… its benefits


exhaustion

Cont… Physical fitness:

It makes him adapt with the temperature two

times more than the fireman having a weak

physical fitness.

The fireman having a high physical fitness

loses adaptation slowly and retrieve it rapidly.

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The good nutrition system helps to avoid

dryness occurrence.

Cont… Prevention from heat exhaustion

The nutrition system

Keeping away from fats and salts.

Increasing in eating fibers, fruits and

vegetables.

الهرم الغذائي.ppt

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References

Georgia State University, Nutrition Education for New Americans

Projects. By Erin Atkerson, RD, LD Project Coordinator.

Guyton, Arthur C., Basic Human Physiology: Normal Function and

Mechanisms of Disease, W.B. Saunders Co, 1971.

Temperature Regulation of the Human Body. By

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatreg.html

The Physiological Effects of Heat Stress. By

http://www.coolbandanas.com/heatstress.htm

U.S. Fire Administration, 102 United States Firefighter Fatalities in

2002. Issued date: January 9, 2003.

http://www.usfa.fema.gov/inside-usfa/media/03-005.shtm

Understanding Heat Stress by Shan Raffel.

http://www.uq.net.au/~zzsraffe/Articles_Papers/understanding

_heat_stress.htm

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Firefighter Hydration by Firefighter Rodger Broome’, June 2, 1998.

http://www.geocities.com/hotsprings/villa/4787/ffhydration.html

You’re an Athlete-So Drink Like One, by Kathryn A. Parker,

R.D.,L.D. Nutrition Consultant.

http://www.cityofgainesville.org/hosted/lifequest/drinkathlete.htm

Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine: Chapter 3: Ventilation and

Thermal Stress Ashore and Afloat: Section III. Physiological

Principles, By Department of the Navy Bureau of Medicine and

Surgery. The University of Iowa 1997-2003.

http://www.vnh.org/PreventiveMedicine/Chapter3/3.09.html

References

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Best regards

Public Safety and Professional

Health Supervision

Wishing you

Safety and Good Health continuously

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