4396 4400.output

* GB784803 (A)

Description: GB784803 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Mechanism to produce a tear-strip and to secure it to a wrapper

Description of GB784803 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 16, 1955. NA 17341/55 Application made in Italy on June 18, 1954 Complete Specification Published: October 16, 1957 Index at acceptance:-Class 94 ( 2), D( 4 E:7). Internat Eionpal Casnificasion:-131 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Mechanism to Produce a Tear-strip and to Secure it to a Wrapper We, ENZO SERAGNOLI and ARIOSTO SERAGNOLI, trading as SOCIETE "G D " IN ACCOMMANDITA SEMPLICE, of 10 Via Pomponia, Bologna, Italy, both of Italian nationality, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:The method of packing in which a tearstrip is secured to a wrapper, the tear-strip being free at one end, and which is pulled to open the package, thus tearing the wrapper, is known Such a style of packing is used, for example, in the wrapping of packets for cigarettes, biscuits and the like. In these known mechanisms, the tear-strip is cut from a tape wound on a reel, the tape having the same width as the tear-strip: the length of tape to be cut being equal to Zfle length of the tear-strip to be produced. Such mechanisms give rise to trouble caused by the difficulty in guiding the narrow tape and, furthermore, they require expensive reels of narrow tape. According to the invention a mechanism for producing a tear-strip and applying the tear-strip to a wrapper, comprises a cutter member for cutting the tear-strip from a band of suitable material, suction means associated with the cutter member for retaining a cut strip on the cutter member.

and means for moving the cutter member to cut a strip, bring it into contact with and secure it to the wrapper. According to the invention furthermore, a mechanism to secure a tear-strip to a wrapper, comprises means to cut a narrow strip from the end of a wide band the width of which is equal to the length of the tearstrip to be produced Thus, the length of material cut from the reel is equal to the width of the tear-strip to be produced which is cut at right angle. lPrice 3 s 6 d l The strip may also be cut obliquely, in which case the length of material and of the tear-strip cut are respectively greater than the width of the tear-strip and of the reel 50 The invention is diagrammatically illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which: Fig 1 is a front elevation of the mechanism; 55 Fig 2 is a cross section on the line 11-11 in Fig 1, looking in the direction of arrows 12. The preferred embodiment is particularly suitable for materials, both for the wrapper 60 and the tear-strip, which adhere to each other when compressed together and heated. The embodiment comprises, a device to feed the band 21 from which the tear-strip has to be cut; the band 21 having a width 65 equal to the length of the tear-strip to be produced; the feeding device comprising an idle compression roller 25 and a feeding roller 26, between which passes the band 21; means to rotate intermittently roller 26, so 70 as to advance the band 21, comprising an oscillating lever 29, a driving rod 30 hinged in an adjusting groove 31 of the lever 29, to impart the oscillating motion to the lever 29, the groove 31 enabling suitable adjust 75 ment to be made to the width of the oscillation; a catch 28, carried by the lever 29, engaging a toothed wheel 32 connected with the roller 26, so as to rotate the roller 26 in the direction of arrow 27 while lever 29 80 oscillates backwards to the left, but allowing the roller 26 to rest when lever 29 oscillates forwards; a stationary guide 33 and a stationary cutter 34, between which passes band 21; a mobile cutter 35, sliding on a 85 stationary guide 39 fixed to the frame of the mechanism, cooperating with the stationary cutter 34 to form a scissor; the mobile cutter is provided with grooves 36 which together with the cover 49 form ducts 90 t 1I. i . ,Brick 3 -, 784,803 ending on the upper face of the mobile cutter as suction ports 52; the ducts 50 and a flexible pipe 38 communicating with the ports 52 through the said cover 49 and elements 51, to communciate the ports with a suction device of any usual type; a stationary guide 40, on which feeding devices of known kind, not shown in the drawings, bring forward the band 41 of wrapping material to

which the tear-strip 22 has to be secured, in the direction of the arrow 47; stationary heating means 43 heated by electrical resistances 44, placed above the mobile cutter 35, are provided and a groove 42 in the stationary guide 40, to allow the mobile cutter 35 to pass through it; means to set in motion the rod 30 which conveys the oscillating motion to the roller 26; means are provided to lift the mobile cutter 35 and means of any known type to apply and discontinue the suction to the suction ports 52. In the Figures, 48 indicates a tear-strip already secured to the band 41 of wrapping material, 45 and 46 indicate guides of the stationary cutter 34, for guiding the mobile cutter 35 while cutting; 37 indicates a groove in the mobile cutter 35 which communicates with the grooves 36 and ducts 50. The mechanism operates as follows: When the mobile cutter 35 is in the lower position shown in Fig 2, the feeding roller 26 is rotated and the band 21 moves forward being unwound from the reel 23, between the stationary cutter 34 and guide 33, until it protrudes from the cutter 34 to a length equal to the width of the tear-strip to be cut; this stage of operation is shown in Fig 2. Simultaneously the band 41, to which a tear-strip 48 has already been secured, moves to the position shown in Fig 1, so that the part of the band 41 to which another tearstrip has to be secured is above the cutter 35. Subsequently, the mobile cutter 35 is lifted, cutting the protruding part 22 of the band 21 which forms the tear-strip; at the same time, the ports on the upper part of O cutter 35 are subject to suction, thus holding the tear-strip on the upper face of the cutter 35. The cutter 35 then lifts the tear-strip against the band 41 of wrapping material and compresses both together against the heating means 43, sealing the tear-strip to the band 41 Suction is discontinued and the mobile cutter 35 leaves the tear-strip 22 and goes back to the position shown in Fig 2, after which the operation is repeated. In Fig 1 the heating means 43 is shown as being shorter than the tear-strip 22, so that the ends of tear-strip 22 will not be sealed to the band 41 It will be seen that the heating means 43 can be arranged so as to secure the whole length of the tearstrip with the exception of its ends to the band 41 Fig 1 shows the cutting edge of cutter 34 which is inclined in respect to the cutting edge of the cutter 35 as much as 70 would be necessary to cut the band 21 correctly; however, the upper face of cutter 35, the direction of band 41 and the lower face of the ironing means 43 are parallel, thus joining correctly the tear-strip to the band 75 41 It is obvious that the cutter 35 can be

guided in various ways; the important factor in the process is that the tear-strip is correctly joined to the band 41. In the drawings, the thickness of the tear 80 strip and of the band 41 have been magnified for the sake of clarity. Changes and alterations may be made without departing from the scope of the invention Thus the band of wrapping material 85 41 may be fed with known mechanism; the feeding direction of the band 41 may be at right angles or parallel to that of the band 21; also the wrapping material may be fed in sheets instead of as a band; the tear-strip 90 may be glued to the wrapping material, by inserting in the mechanism suitable glueing means; accordingly, the heating means 43 need not be heated; the feeding mechanism of the band 21 can be of any known type; 95 the ports on the upper face of the cutter 35 may be provided in any desired manner and in any number; the release of the tear-strip can be facilitated by blowing air through the ports at the appropriate time, the tear-strip 100 may be cut from the reel obliquely instead of at right angle.

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* GB784804 (A)

Description: GB784804 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Poultry batteries, laying cages and similar apparatus


COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Poultry Batteries, Laying Cages and Similar Apparats. We, R. J. PATCHETT LIMITED, a British Company, of Ryefield Works, Clayton Heights, Queensbury, Bradford, in the

County of York, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement :- The invention relates to poultry batteries, laying cages and similar apparatus of the kind utilising power-driven carriages or transporters for carrying food and water containers backwards and forwards along the side or sides of the apparatus, and has for its object to provide improv. ements in or a modification of the means for driving the said carriage which are described in the Specification of our former Patent No. 724,161. According to the invention poultry batteries, laying cages and similar apparatus having a carriage or transporter for housing food and water containers which is adapted to be driven backwards along the side of the apparatus by a unidirectionally driven endless cable or cables are characterised in that the carriage or transporter is coupled to the cable or cables by a bracket or brackets each articulated to a connecting rod or link whose opposite. end is pivotally attached to a sliding member mounted upon a relatively stationary rail secured to the carriage and furnished with a pair of stops. The stops are preferably adjustable upon their supporting rail in order that the predetermined length of the cessation of movement of the carriage at each end of the apparatus may be regulated. Other features of the invention will now be made clear during the following description. In order that the invention may be fully and clearly comprehended the same will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side view of the invention applied to a poultry battery. Figure 2 is a rear view of a connecting rod or link, constructed. according to the invention, for transmitting drive from a unidirectionally driven cable to a carriage or transporter of a poultry battery as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a plan of Figure 2. A substantially rectangular skeletal framework 1 is adapted to house and support tiers of cages (not shown) at both sides of the framework. A carriage or transporter 3 is arranged to straddle the framework and each dependent side of the carriage is constructed to support a number of food and water troughs or containers 4 and 5. Wheels 6 on the carriage engage longitudinal rails 7 on the top of the framework 1 which is furnished with-a pair of transverse shafts whose ends are adapted to carry grooved pulleys 9 arranged in suitable

spaced relationship. One of the said shafts is adapted to be driven by a suitable prime mover such as an electromotor. Passing half round the pulleys 8 at each side of the apparatus is a cable 13 which is virtually endless because each end is bolted or otherwise connected to a bracket 14 having a lateral pivot pin or stud 15. Attached to the said pin or stud is one end of a connecting rod or link 16 whose opposite end has a slot 17 therein and is coupled by a pivot 18 to. a sliding member 19 supported on a rail 24 secured to the carriage. Secured by screws 20 to the bracket 14 are curved shoes 21 which act to prevent undue flexing of the cables and to clamp the latter. To facilitate the securing of the cable to the bracket 14 the latter and the shoes have grooves 22 formed therein. The inner edge of the bracket is shaped to register with the grooves of the pulleys 9. When the prime mover is started, the driving pulleys cause unidirectional movement of the cables in the direction of the arrows in the manner described in the Specification of Patent No. 724,161. Assuming the bracket 14 (on the upper span of the cable 13) and connecting rod 16 have reached the position illustrated in Figure 1 of the drawings, movement of the sliding member 19 and consequently of the carriage 3 ceases until the cable 13, bracket 14 and rod 16 have passed half way round the pulley 9. During this movement the bracket and rod progressively occupy the position indicated in broken lines in Figure 1, the slot 17 in the rod 16 enabling the latter to accommodate itself as required. When the bracket 14 and the outer end of the rod 16 have moved half way round the pulley 9 continued movement of the cable and bracket moves the sliding member 19 upon the rail 24 from left to right until the member 19 slides into engagement with the stop 23A, whereupon movement of the said cable 13, bracket 14 and rod 16 is transmitted to the carriage 3. The latter then moves to the right along the whole length of the battery framework 1 until a cable pulley at the opposite end of the apparatus is reached when the sequence of operations is repeated whilst the bracket 14 moves around the pulley to the top span of cable. Following a dwell or cessation of movement of the carriage whilst the slide 19 is moved from stop 23A to engage stop 23, the carriage then moves from right to left, and so on. The reason for halting and delaying the carriage at each end of its traverse is for the purpose of enabling poultry in the end cages to have sufficient time to feed. If such a halt were not provided the carriage would start moving in an opposite direction immediately it

reached the end of its traverse. The water trough may be automatically replenished during the pause of the carriage as described in the Specification of the aforesaid Patent. What we claim is :- 1. The improvement or modification of the invention set forth in the Specification of Patent No. 724,161 consisting of poultry batteries, laying cages and similar. apparatus having a carriage or transporter of housing food and water troughs or containers which is adapted to be driven backwards and forwards along the side of the apparatus by a unidirectionally driven endless cable or cables, characterised in that the carriage or transporter is coupled to the cable or cables by a bracket or brackets each articulated to a connecting rod or link whose opposite end is pivotally attached to a member slidably mounted upon a rail secured to the carriage and furnished with a pair of stops.


* GB784805 (A)

Description: GB784805 (A) ? 1957-10-16

A miniature vehicle system and miniature vehicles for use therein


PATENT SPECIFICATION 7 C 49 u 805 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 29 1955. Application made in Switzerland on July 29, 1954 Application made in Switzerland on January 14 1955 Complete Specification Published: October 16, 1957 No 22077/55 Index at acceptance:-Class 132 ( 3), 835.

International Classification:-A 63 h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION A Miniature Vehicle System and Miniature Vehicles for use therein I, ROBERT FAVRE, a Swiss Citizen of 21, Avenue Vinet, Lausanne, Switzerland, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention concerns a miniature vehicle system and miniature vehicles for use therein. According to this invention there is provided a miniature vehicle system comprising at least one track of ferromagnetic material and at least one miniature vehicle movable along said track, said vehicle carrying a pilot magnet which cooperates magnetically with said track or tracks and is thereby oscillatable relatively to the vehicle to operate means on said vehicle for steering the same. The pilot magnet may be made to move albng the axis of a single ferromagnetic track or between two magnetic tracks fixed to a miniature roadway and in both cases the forces of magnetic coupling between the magnet and the track or tracks are made up of active and inactive forces, the former, which occur when the vehicle leaves the course assigned to it, being used for the direct or indirect control of the steering of the vehicle. Further features of the invention including forms of miniature vehicles, a form of fork junction, and so on, will become apparent from the following description given by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:Figure 1 is a diagrammatic elevation illustrating the principle of operation of one form of apparatus according to this invention; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic elevation illustrating the principle of operation of a second form of apparatus according to this invention; lPrice Figure 3 is an elevation of one embodiment of apparatus according to this invention; Figure 4 is a diagrammatic horizontal section of the apparatus of Figure 3; 50 Figure 5 is a section on the line V-V of Figure 4; Figure 6 is an elevation of a second embodiment of apparatus according to this invention; 55 Figure 7 is a section on the line VII-VII of Figure 6; Figures 8 and 9 are respectively an elevation and an end view of the pilot magnet of the apparatus of Figure 6; 60 Figure 10 is an elevation of the front axle of the apparatus of Figure 6; Figures 11 and 12 are respectively a horizontal section and a plan of a forkjunction for a roadway having a single 65 magnetic track, Figure 11 being a section on the line XI-XI of Figure 12. Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a miniature roadway with a single track P formed of a strip of ferromagnetic metal 70 Over this

track P moves a pilot magnet A, carried by a miniature vehicle (not shown). The pilot magnet A pivots round an axle O and thereby controls, either directly or indirectly and by any suitable means, the 75 steering of the vehicle The couple of the forces produced by the magnetic coupling between the pilot magnet A and the track P and the reaction of the pivot O causes the magnet A to incline to the right or the 80 left, depending on whether the vehicle is to go to the left or right, respectively, of the magnetic track P. The roadway followed by the miniature vehicle may instead comprise two parallel 85 magnetic tracks such as those shown at Pl and P 2, in Figure 2, the pilot magnet A then being placed in a neutral position in the middle of the two tracks Pl and P 2 In this case, the couple of the forces produced 90 I _ Am 784,805 by the magnetic coupling and the reaction of the pivot causes the magnet to rotate to the right or to the left, depending on whether the vehicle is to move to the right or the left, respectively, of the roadway. The imaginary line joining the poles of the pilot magnet may be perpendicular to the fore-and-aft axis of the vehicle, i e to the longitudinal axis of the magnetic track or tracks as shown in Figures 1 and 2, or alternatively, parallel to these axes The perpendicular position, however, possesses certain advantages, particularly at forkjunctions, which can be operated by a simple electromagnet without the assistance of any mechanical device. The direct control of the steering of the miniature vehicle by active forces acting on the pilot magnet requires the frictional forces to be reduced to a minimum and it is thus advantageous to use indirect control, which is not subject to this restriction. Figures 3 to 5 show an embodiment of apparatus according to this invention in which the steering is controlled by a servomechanism comprising two rollers gl and g 2 revolving in opposite directions and driven by an engine M constituting the driving means of the vehicle These rollers gl and g 2 are carried on a bracket E attached to the pilot magnet A and pivoting round axle O Depending on whether the pilot magnet is attracted by a couple of forces so as to turn to the right or the left, it is the left or the right roller which moves a disc D controlling the steering of the vehicle by means of a pinion I and a rack J. The rollers gl and g 2 are driven by driving shafts TI and T 2 respectively, formed, for example, by flexible steel wires or cardan shafts When not engaged by the rollers g I or g 2 the disc D is returned to its central position by a torsion wire F, one end of which is fixed and the other made fast to the axle O of the disc D The direction of rotation of the rollers indicated in Figure 5 is for a

roadway having a double magnetic track In the case of a single track the direction of rotation of the rollers is reversed. In an alternative steering mechanism with indirect control of the steering used with a single magnetic track and shown by Figure 6 to 10, the pilot magnet comprises a magnetized bar C held between the polar parts M, M' by a non-magnetic tie E of inverted U-shape Cut-away portions L and L' are provided in the polar parts M and M' and in the tie E to take the front axle of the vehicle, which comprises a non-magnetic metal rod B, rectangular in section and ending in spindles Fl The front axle is attached to a box H, used for carrying the pilot magnet and on top of the box H there is provided a pivot P' round which the steering mechanism can revolve A cylindrical guide G provides the connection with the chassis of the vehicle solely in the longitudinal direction, so that the two front wheels are in permanent contact wih tihe roadway even when it is not perfectly fiat 70 A return spring R is attached to a rod T formed by a piece cut out of, and turned down from, box H. The pilot magnet is held pernanently in the plane of the axis of the front wheiels of 75 the vehicle, which are driven indirecr by an engine, by means of a braking device comprising lugs DI and D 2 fulfilli'ng the role played by the rollers gl and g 2 of the first embodiment A deviation of ule vehicle 80 to the left of the magnetic track causes the pilot magnet to incline to the lett and its lug D 2 to bear on the right wheel This rsuls in friction whichl is translated into a tangential force at the point of contact with 85 the ground, the moment of which round the pivoting axis G-P' (see Figure 7) brings the vehicle back onto the magnetic track. This alternative embodiment possesses the advantage of being more simple in con 90 struction than the first embodiment and, furthermore, since the friction at the joints is reduced to a minimum, the paower required to steer the vehicle is also redacz J. The steering mechanism could also be 95 controlled by driving it with an electromagnetic device whose excitation current is controlled by the pilot magnet. The magnetic track used in the invention can have remotely controlled fork-junctions, 100 which are of very simple construction One such fork-junction is shown in Figures il and 12 and includes, as a continuation of the track P an electromagnet F" excited by a coil B Depending on the polarity ' an 105 electromagnet, the magnetic steering circuit will be inclined in one direction or tilhe other, thus giving the required direction to the vehicle. In order to make the vehicle follow one 110 or other of the roads at the fork-junction, it is sufficient to produce a couple of forces on the pilot magnet in the required direction.

The magnetic track also makes it possible to use magnetic coupling forces to make 115 the vehicle hold the road and for this nurpose a magnet, not shown in the draw;ings, may be fixed to the back of the vehicle o prevent skidding The imaginary line joining the poles of this magnet should preferably 120 be parallel to the direction of movement of the vehicle, in order to reduce the magnetic braking effect. In order to ensure smoothness of the steering action of the pilot magnet, notches 125 could be made in the edges of the magnetic tracks, for example providing the latter with saw teeth This has the effect of making the movement of the pilot magnet progressive and is particularly suitable at curved parts 130 784,805 of the track.


* GB784806 (A)

Description: GB784806 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in anti dazzle head lamps for vehicles


PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: August 8 1955. Application made in Germany on Auguist 28, 1954 Complete Specification Published: October 16, 1957 Index at acceptance:-Class 75 ( 4), C 81-12. International Classification:-F 21 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Anti Dazzle Head Lamps for Vehicles 1, HELLMUTH HULVERSCHEIDT, of 6 Furstenplatz, Dusseldorf, Germany, a German citizen, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a

patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:This invention relates to improvements in anti dazzle headlamps of the type in which the beam traverses vanes for preventing the dazzling of occupants of approaching traffic in particular for motor cars, motor cycles, motor scooters, bicycles, ships, railway vehicles, aircraft and the like and aims at providing such a headlamp in which the dimming is effected without changing the intensity of the light through beam deflection by the vanes. As is known the principal danger in driving in darkness is the dazzling of the driver by the headlamps of approaching vehicles, the usual dimming and brightening by means of double filament lamps has the disadvantage that due to the weaker close range illumination of the dimmed lights, the driver loses sight of the roadway for a period of time, and during the whole of the time the light is dimmed has a severely curtailed range of vision. The solution of the problem of dimming by the polarisation of light is costly and in consequence of the necessary glasses it is inconvenient. Where it has been proposed that the beam of light of headlamps passes through a series of vanes for the prevention of the dazzling of approaching vehicles the vanes have had a shutter like arrangement by which the shutter can be more or less closed. Here there is the disadvantage that in the undimmed position the shutter cuts off a great deal of light and that the dimming is associated with a considerable reduction of the range and intensity of the illumination lPrice 3 s 6 d I of the road. According to the invention flexible vanes are mounted in the headlamp casing to normally lies around the periphery of the lamp casing and are adapted, for dipping the 50 beam, to be moved into positions traversing the beam which passes through slots formed between adjacent vanes. Flexible bands of suitable thickness and width and of a suitable number forming 55 vanes are preferably arranged between the front lens and the reflector of a headlamp and are movable from a neutral position not crossing the path of the beam to a position intersecting the path of the beam with 60 the wide surfaces of the vanes parallel with or substantially parallel with the direction of the beam Hence in the undimmed position the dimming arrangement does not detract from the volume of light and in 65 dimming the beam is deflected from the range of vision of the approaching driver without unduly detracting from the intensity of illumination of the road and the range of this illumination As the vane bands can 70 be very thin they only deflect the desired light emergence in the desired direction. The consequence thereof is that the strain on the driver by the change

of light from bright to dark and therefore the necessary 75 accommodation time for the change is done away with As the illumination of the road and the visible range are substantially unimpaired by dimming no invisible obstacles can endanger the driver 80 The vane bands may consist of any suitable material such as steel, rubber, synthetic plastic or the like material. Preferably the vanes are inclined relative to the axis of the beam by a slight angle in 85 the direction of the beam and a thickening of the central areas of the vanes is provided. The vanes are under the action of a restoring force tending to hold them layered on one another in the neutral peripheral 90 7849806 No 22717/55 2 8,0 position on the inside of the headlanmp casing and a pulling member is provided which engages the vanes to draw them into the position crossing the beam against the action of the restoring force The pulling force may be mechanical, electromagnetic, hydraulic or pneumatic. With the flexible construction of the vanes their resiliency can serve as the restoring force It is also possible to make the outer vanes quite thin and to restore the bands to the neutral position by the resiliency of thicker inner vanes. It is also possible to make only the innermost vanes resilient and the other vanes flexible but not resilient or only slightly resilient In this case the innermost vanes press the remaining vanes into the neutral position when the pulling force moving them into the active position ceases to ac This has the advantage that the remaining vane bands can be kept very thin like foil so that they have only a slight influence on the amount of light emerging. For receiving the vane bands in the neutral position a concave ring open towards the headlamp axis may be provided located either on the inside or on the outside of the headlamp casing In consequence of the slight necessary depth of the ring this does not adversely affect the appearance of the headlamp. The vane bands are placed with their free ends fixed to one side of the headlamp casing and at the other side of the casing are guided, by guides lying opposite the fixing points, to a casing slot common to all bands and serving as the point of engagement of the operating means. Another preferred embodiment consists in that each vane band forms two vanes and is fixed at each end at points on one side of the casing the apices of each vane band forming projecting loops at the other side of the casing for the application of an operative pulling force. According to the invention two sets of vanes or vane bands may also be provided crossing the beam at an angle to each other and where these are disposed horizontally and vertically the headlamp light undergoes

not only a guiding and deflection in the vertical direction but also in both lateral directions whereby dazzle prevention is further controlled. To obtain vanes crossing one another two groups of vane bands are provided vwhich are displaced relative to one another around the headlamp by 90 . It is recommended to provide for the two groups of vane bands one means operating them simultaneously. By the operation of the dimming arrangement according to the invention by electromagnets, hydraulic, pneumatic or the like means an almost instantaneous dimming or brightening can be attained. Several embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 70 Fig 1 shows a side view of a headlamp partly in section, Fig 2 is a front view of the headlamp shown in Fig 1 in the dimmed position, Fig 3 is a representation of the undimmed 75 headlamp corresponding to Fig 2, Fig 4 illustrates a method of operation of a pair of headlamps, Fig 5 illustrates an operation of the dimming arrangement for a pair of headlamps 80 by a common operating rod, Fig 6 is a further example of the operation of a dimming arrangement, Fig 7 shows a front view of a headlamp with two sets of vane bands crossing one 85 another, Fig 8 is a side elevation of Fig 7, Fig 9 shows a headlamp with vanes inclined to the undimmed direction of the beam, 90 Fig 10 shows the light beam from a headlamp according to the invention, Fig 11 shows vanes with thickened centres. Between the reflector 1 and the front lens 95 2 a headlamp is provided with vane bands 3 which in their effective position cross the light beam and in which the wide suraczs of the vanes are parallel or substantiall? parallel to the direction of the beam 100 According to Fig 9 the vane bands 3 may be inclined at a slight downward angle to the direction of the undimmed beam. In Fig 1 1 the vanes are thickened at their central areas 105 The vanes 3 are formed of vanebands which may consist of any suitable flexible material, each vaneband forming two vanes. In the embodiment according to Fig 2 the vane bands 3 with the exception of the 110 innermost vane bands 31 are of thin flexible material Only the innermost vanes 31 are resiliently flexible and consist for example, of thin steel They have the tendency to rebound from the position shown in Fig 2 115 to the position illustrated in Fig 3 The ends of the vane bands shovn in F;i 2 are fixed at points 4 arranged on the left side of the headlamp casing The fixing points are spaced apart from one another a dis 120 tance corresponding to the desired distance separating the vanes from one another in the operative position At points in the other half of the headlamp-opposite the fixing points-the vane bands are guided 125 over

guide pins 10 to a slot 11 in the casing. The horizontal axis of symmetry of the head lamp is indicated at 5 The vane bands form central loops 6 which come out of the headlamp casing into a lateral extension 130 784,806 784,806 thereof, and have their apices 7 at a corm mon point when the vanes are in the dim E med position A pulling means 8 engages E the loops for the operation of the vane bands The deflection of the vane bands intoi the loop is effected over rubber rollers 9 which may also serve to prevent the ingress of dust and dirt through the extension However as a rule the covering of the vane loops 0 and the close fitting of the covering on the headlamp casing give a sufficient sealing so that the rollers 9 need only act as guide rollers. The neutral position of the vane bands JS in which they leave the whole cross section of the headlamp unobstructed can be seen in Fig 3 In the neutral position the vane bands lie in juxtaposition around the inner circumference of the headlamp casing in a peripheral hollow ring 12 (Fig 1) of the casing open towards the inside of the headlamp The peripheral hollow ring 12 may also project outside the headlamp casing. The resilient flexible innermost vane band has a tendency to return to the neutral position and thereby carry the remaining vane bands into the neutral position In the neutral position the apices or loops of the vane bands are staggered in the lateral extension of the casing (Fig 3). As Fig 4 shows, the vane bands can be operated electromagnetically In this case the pulling rods 8 are connected to the cores 14 of electromagnets the coils 13 of which can be energised as required by means of a switch located in the vehicle The drawing of the vane bands into the operative, dimming, position is assisted by compression springs 15. -40 According to Fig 5 the dimming arrangement of both headlamps is operated by an operating rod 17 common to both which is linked to the pulling rods 8 via two links 16. By pulling the operating rod the pulling rods are drawn towards one another The vane bands follow this movement and thus reach the operative position crossing the headlamp. In the embodiment according to Fig 6 the vane bands do not form loops at the point of engagement with the pulling means but are divided and the ends are attached to bars 27 slidably mounted in slots 28 in a tube 18 The slots carrying the bars to which inner vanes are attached are smaller than the slots corresponding to outer vanes so as to provide varying degrees of lost motion to compensate for the greater distance moved by inner vanes in moving from the neutral to the operative position The innermost vanes are attached direct to the tube

18. Lifting of the tube by an electromagnet 19 causes the vanes to be pulled and thereby brought into the operative position crossing he headlamp and lowering of the tube, assisted by a spring 20 causes their release so that they return to the neutral position. According to Figs 7 and 8 the headlamp is provided with two groups of vane bands 70 3 and 21 arranged at 90 to each other so that the vane bands may be brought into the dimming position with vanes crossing one another as shown in Fig 7 The electromagnetic operating arrangement for one 75 group of vane bands is indicated at 22 and the electromagnetic operating arrangement for the other group of vane bands is indicated at 23 Both arrangements work simultaneously and are operated by one switch 80 In Fig 10 the level of vision of the driver is indicated by the broken arrow line 24 whilst the distance fully illuminated by the headlamp during dimming by means of the vane bands has the reference 26 The 85 length of this distance measured from the vehicle has the reference 25 and is preferably about 250 yards.


* GB784807 (A)

Description: GB784807 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to aerials


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PATENT SPECIFICATION 7 $ 49807 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: August 18 1955. Application made in Germany on August 21 1954 Comiplete Specification Published: October 16, 1957 Index at accept e-Cnsses 40 {( 5), QLA; and d M O ( 7), AE( 31:V 53 W:i Pl:4 V 2 A:6 D 6 EH:6 R). Internat 5 o 2 nan Ch iicne ion:-Ri id, h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Iipovehneuit mi o T relating to Aerals We, PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Spencer House, South Place, Finsbury, London, E C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to coiled aerials such as are sometimes built into wireless receivers Such aerials for the reception of medium waves and long waves are usually made in the form of frame aerials and are provided, if desired, with a ferromagnetic core. As is well-known, the optimum length of a dipole aerial is approximately equal to a half wavelength The total length of such an aerial is still comparatively great, for example 1 1/2 metres, even for ultrashort-wave aerials intended, for example, for the reception of waves having a frequency of about 100 mcs/sec It follows that a dipole of such size cannot be rotatably arranged inside the cabinet of a wireless receiver For this reason, built-in ultrashort wave dipoles are, as a rule, fixed in the cabinet in the form of elongated conductors or strips If the dimensions of the dipole are reduced to such an extent that the dipole can rotate, its captive power is comparatively low In this case, the aerial is difficult to match to the receiver due to its radiation impedance being low and the reactive component of the input impedance being high. Fixed ultra-short-wave aerials are also known comprising two strips connected together by means of an inductance from which the supply lead for the aerial is branched.

The present invention provides an advantageous solution of the problem A rotary aerial according to the invention comprises a continuous helical winding with lPrice 3 s 6 d l open ends, the conductor of which has a length approximately equal to a half wavelength, the supply lead for the aerial being connected to two tappings on the winding positioned symmetrically with respect to its 50 centre. It is to be noted that a shortwave dipole aerial comprising a coil having a wire length approximately equal to a quarter of a wave length and in which the voltage is 55 derived from one end is already known per se Such an aerial is difficult to match to a receiver due to its input impedance being very low, since the aerial is electrically equivalent to a series resonant circuit tuned 60 to a resonance and the radiation resistance is very low. In order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, certain embodiments will now be described in detail, by way of 65 example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a first embodiment of an aerial according to the invention Reference numeral 1 indicates a 70 solenoid aerial in the form of a dipole comprising a continuous helical winding with open ends A twin feeder 2 is connected to the helical winding at two tappings 3 and 4 positioned symmetrically with respect to the 75 centre thereof The overall length L is preferably approximately equal to 1/20-1/10 of the wavelength for which the aerial is used and the diameter D corresponds approximately to 1/200-1/100 of the wave 80 length The length of the conductor of the solenoid is approximately equal to half wavelength, the coil thus being at least substantially in resonance. In order to ensure a less sharp variation 85 of the resonance curve, a damping resistor may be connected across the ends of the solenoid The electrical substitution diagram of the aerial may be represented by a parallel resonance circuit The input impedance 90 No 23836/55 2 784,807 of the aerial may be adjusted to any value desired in practice by suitable choice of the tappings 3 and 4 The current traversing the solenoid is distributed approximately sinusoidally over its length The radiation resistance is, for example, more than 1 6 times higher than that of a dipole aerial comprising straight strips, the current increasing linearly from the ends towards the centre. In Figure 2, a solenoid aerial as shown in Figure 1 is arranged on a disc 7 which can rotate on a vertical shaft 8 inside the cabinet of a wireless receiver Secured to the rotary disc 7 are a solenoid directional dipole 10 and a reflector dipole 11 This rotary arrangement which is intended more particularly for the reception of waves having a frequency of several hundreds of mc/s gives a very sharp directional characteristic.

Figure 3 shows in perspective an embodiment of a rotary aerial system for a plurality of wave ranges In a cabinet 12 of a receiver, a non-metallic bracket 13 is secured on a rotary shaft 8, an aerial rod 14 of ferromagnetic material being arranged between the limbs thereof The aerial rod 14, carries a coil 15 for medium-wave reception and a coil 16 for longwave reception The flexible leads to the coils 15 and 16 are designated 21 and 22 The limbs of the bracket I 3 also support a thin rod 17 of non-conductive material, in this example of ceramic material, which supports a solenoid aerial 1 The solenoid 1 is secured to the rod 17 by glueing. The aerial cable 2 is connected to two points 3 and 4 on the solenoid 1 and mechanically secured to the bracket 13 The shaft 8 carries a pulley driven by means of a rope 19 by a driving shaft 20 projecting through the front of the receiver cabinet 12 Both the magnetic directional aerials for medium waves and long waves and the solenoid dipole aerial for ultrashort waves may thus 45 be adjusted by the same driving mechanism.


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