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So, to sum up that paragraph, the verb is the needed part in a Korean sentence. Everythingelse is extra.

Korean verbs can take many different forms, depending on who you are talking to. Korean still

has social status literally integrated into the language itself. The verb "to be" when speaking to an

older person or teacher will be slightly different than "to be" when speaking to your best friend.Most Korean verbs have the same root, regardless of who you are talking to, but you will change

the ending of the verb depending on who you are speaking with.

is the dictionary form of the verb "to eat." The dictionary form consists of the verb root, in

this example, and the ending. Go ahead, look up a few of your favorite verbs here or even

better, grab yourself a copy of Declan's Korean Flashcards (contains over 3600 words with audio,

arranged in vocabulary sets) to start building a strong foundation of Korean verbs. You will see all

forms they list end in . If you remove the ending, you will be left with the verb root. The verb

root of is . The verb root by itself has no meaning. You must remove the endingand it with a different ending depending on what you want to say and who you want to

say it to.

In my mind, I see three different, very distinct endings for speaking and writing. , ,

and .

For now, we will focus on the two most common styles of verbs you will use, polite and casual. As

you can see above, there are also two different endings for both polite and casual speech. The

way you decide which ending to choose is based on the verb root. If the last vowel in the verb

root is or then you choose the (polite) or (casual) ending. If the last vowel in the verb

root is anything other than or , then you choose the (polite) or (casual) ending. Look

at the following chart of commonly used verbs and compare the verb root to the ending to get a

better understanding of this. I will refer to the Formal ending section next.

Let's look at a couple. means "to have." is the verb root. The last vowel in is . Since

this is or then we know to choose the / endings depending on whether we will

need to be polite or if it is casual speech.

(~ ) has a verb root of . The final vowel in this root is , so we need to choose the

/ endings.

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If you look at , this has a verb root of with a final vowel of . So, since that is or , it

must take the / ending. Understand the general pattern?

Now, as you can see in the chart, there will be some situations that do not follow this exactly.

means "to go". If you remove the to get the verb root you are left with . Following this

pattern, you would add / to the verb root, and get something like . The real way is

just . It has been shortened because otherwise we just say two of the same vowel in a row.

Since that is a waste of time and breath, it is simply or .

The final verb is the chart above is . This is a very common verb in any language. This one

verb is irregular all on it's own. It doesn't follow a pattern, and you just need to memorize the

case. It shouldn't be too hard because you will see this all over the place. has a root of .

The polite form is and the casual form is . Just take a few minutes right now to memorize

this and then you will never have to worry about it again.

Done? Ok, let's move on. Below is a table of irregular verbs that follow a pattern. Briefly look over

the table and then continue on.

The first one is "To Drink" or . If we

remove the dictionary ending, we are left

with . Following normal patterns for the

polite form, we would have . To

make it easier and sound better, the real

polite form is . Any verb root thatends in will naturally take the /

endings gvG Nc o6 St sathee

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and say that. Now, try and say . That

is the correct way. When a verb root ends in

, we drop the , look at the last vowel in

the root that is left (not including the ) and

add the appropriate ending. For this

example, the last vowel would be . So,

when we drop the and add the

ending, we get . Other verb examples

that follow this pattern are - ,

- , - .

The next verb is . The verb root is

. You might be thinking, that ends in so

wouldn't it follow the above irregular pattern,

and become ? Indeed, it would,

except Koreans have decided if a verb root

ends in (not just ), then we will double

up the by adding a second to the end

of the syllable before the . And we

drop the . . We added a to

and got . We dropped the and got .

Together, we have . Other verb

examples using this pattern are -

, - , - .

The final verb in rb chart above is

. You should definitely be good with verb

roots by now and instantly know it is .

Now, with this irregular pattern, you must

remember two things. Often, when a verb

root ends in , you should drop the and

add . After that, you move to the second

step. If it ends in , when we pick a stylesuch as polite style, it should naturally take

the ending. This is another pattern

where we combine two characters to make it

smoother. and

t nco
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use the verbs in a much more general

manner than in English. Later we will see

how to add words such as "I" or "You" if

necessary to clear up the meaning of a

sentence.

Another example could be . This meansTo Be Good. If someone asks you how is

something, you can say ! Like, "Are

my new shoes ok? Do you like them? How

are they?" " !". Or, if you are having a

casual conversation about something with

your friend, and they say something and in

English you would just give the reply

"Good!" or something, you can just say

!(remember, it's a conversation with your

friend).

This whole concept about the verbs being so

general is hard to learn at first. Just try your

best! Casual verbs can have even more

meanings than other forms! If you say

you could be saying I'm going, you're going,

someone's going, let's go, are we going?,

etc. A lot of Korean is about what can be

assumed. If it can be assumed, there is no

need to say it in the language. One of the

most recommended Korean language

products, Rosetta Stone Korean Level 1,

makes learning this part a breeze. This

wraps up the intro to Korean verbs! It's time

for you to memorize a few, and to go back

and make sure you know the patternscovered on this page. There will definitely be

more to come on verbs later.

Lesson 4

Beginners Lesson Four is all about those

verbs in Korean that are just plain weird.

Irregular verbs in Korean are actually not too

bad though! In Beginners Lesson Three, you

were introduced to Korean verbs and the

irregular verb . The verbs on this

page are different. These verbs are

commonly used verbs, but either have more

than one meaning, are used weird, etc.

instead of being irregular . You will

see what I mean, right now!

The first irregular verb that I need to cover

here is definitely what many books and

courses will call the . Basically, it is

the verb of equality. Equality? What is

that?!? In English, we may say "It is a book."

"It" is equal to "book". It is pretty much the

verb "to be." If you look in a dictionary, you

will see

The verb root is
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As you see, this is like "book-to be". The structure is different, but you will get used to it as you

see more and more of it. means "It is a book." Let's see a couple more examples.

Remember, you don't need to remember every noun you see yet. Memorize what you find on the

homework page.

means pencil. It ends in which is also a consonant. If we combine this with the polite

ending and keep the correct word order, we get , meaning "It is a pencil."

means car. It ends in which is a vowel. Because it ends in a vowel, the correct spelling of

would be . The sentence would be , meaning "It is a car."

Do you understand it a little better now? If so, then let's look at this, and then there will be some

practice problems.

Many resources choose to teach you mostly one style first, usually polite style, and then much

later return to teach you the other commonly used style. I feel it is best to teach you them both

from the start, because they both are very important if you plan on learning Korean well. If we putoff one, you will not be as strong with it. If we teach both, you will learn at a slower pace at first,

but will learn faster later on and the whole time you will be learning more efficiently. So, here it is!

has two polite forms, depending on whether it follows a consonant or vowel, and so does the

casual form.

If follows a consonant, it is spelled .

If follows a vowel, it is spelled .

Lets use the same three examples as above so that you may compare the two forms. The first

one used the word , or book, in the example. The polite style was . Since ends in

, a consonant, the casual style form should be . If we put this with , we get .

and mean the exact same thing! The only difference is who we are speaking with. As

previous lessons covered, if we speak with someone older or a teacher or anyone who deserves

more respect, we would use the polite form . If we are speaking with our close friends,

we can just use . That is the only difference! It is something you will get used to as you

learn Korean.

The second example sentence was , meaning "It is a pencil." This ends in , a

consonant, so we will add to this one as well. is correct. and

also mean the same thing, and are only different because of who we may be speaking to.

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was the final example sentence. ends in a vowel, so we only add instead of .

When we form the new sentence, we get . As you can guess, this is equal to .

I think you probably understand this pretty well by now and are ready to take on anything like this!

Here are a few practice problems. If you can get these, then you know the irregular verb and

are one step closer to knowing Korean!

How do you say, "It is a ____"?

answer This also works for people and their names, as in "It's Joe" or if you were referring to yourself. In

the next lesson we will see how to specify who we are referring to.

- Root is , Polite style is , Casual style is . Meaning - To have or To be

(location).

is a special verb because it has a couple of different meanings. I feel it is a verb worth

mentioning because it is an extremely common verb. Let's look at the two meanings you will see.

This is a very common verb in all languages. "I have chicken." "I have a car." "Do you have a

car?" All of these deal with possesion of something. So does . We could say to

mean "I have a car" or "she has a car".

This is a fairly simple

verb when looking at it from this position, and is easy to understand with this meaning alone.

could mean "I have a pencil." In written Korean, you can turn this statement into a

question asking "Do you have a pencil?" by simply adding a question mark on the end.

? In spoken Korean, it is the tone of your voice that determines this. Nothing else in the

sentence changes.

can also mean To Be, when used for location. For example, using the same sentence,

? could also mean "Is there a pencil?" For this sentence as it is, it pretty much means the

same thing. You are wanting a pencil and are asking if there is one or if they have one or

whichever. Later, you will see the difference easier as we learn how to make our sentences

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longer and more complex. If we said "(In the room) ?" then we can automatically

assume it is talking about location. If we say "(Anna) ?" Then we can automatically

assume we are talking about possession.

Try the following practice problems. They should not be difficult, but should help you to see more

examples of the use of .

Anna ?

At-Home ?

2 Blocks away .

See Answers Here

I think this is the perfect place to stop for now. Also, if you would review and memorize this

section on the homework page, it will be of great help to you! It will contain a few basic nouns that

I will use often in examples and problems. Once the word has appeared on a homework page, I

will not always include the English word next to it. You may always go back and look at anything

you need to, and may print whatever you need :) (Homework pages especially!)

- root is , Polite style is , casual style is . Meaning - To Do.

has an irregular spelling when used as you learned in Lesson Three. Keep in mind itis and not . This verb is not as irregular as with and , but I would still

like to briefly talk about it.

is a verb you will soon know perfectly, as you will see it forms many other verbs.

What I mean by this is, Korean verbs are simply formed by taking a word and

simply adding on the end of it. The verb "To Make a Phone Call" is made by sticking

the word for "phone" and the verb (To Do) together. Phone is . The verb "To

Make a Phone Call" is .

Shower is . "To Shower" is simply .

Homework is . "To Do Homework" is .

This is why you will see this verb a lot. Many verbs are formed using it. When you

conjugate them, it is done the same as . , , etc. You will have no

problem with .

Homework
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Normal Takes

Normal not Takes

Ends in Combine to ~

Ends in Combine to

Ends in Drop g

Ends inDouble the

g

Ends in Simply add )

Ends in Combine to

Memorize These first 10 common verbs and forms. To form casual style,simply drop the from the polite style.

To Do

To Have

) ) To Not Have

To Go

To Eat

To Dri nk

To Get Up

To Sl eep

To See

To Be Go od

Memorize The Verb in the present tense for both polite and casualstyles.

Verb Meaning Style After Vowel After Consonant

Copula, To B e Poli te

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Copula, To B e Casual

Memorize the verb and its two meanings.

Verb Meaning 1 Meaning 2 Polite Casual

Possession Location

Memorize these 10 common words. If it has a (p) next to it, it means polite. A (c) means casual.

English Korean

Hangul

Ca r

Pencil

House

Water

Bread

Friend

Yes )

No )

Hello )

ANSWER

penyieyo / Pen He's /

He's but it will do / belongs to

it's toothpaste / tooth paste 's Phone 's /

It's

aennayeyo / aennaya Michael 's

/ Michael 's a train a train but it will do belongs to tooth paste's Phone's Michael's Michael's

car ( Car ) ?

Is There a chair ( Chair ) at Home ?

It is Two blocks Away . Does Anna have (Car)? (Chair) Home? Away.

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