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Initial Environmental Examination
March 2013
NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and
Sanitation Sector Project- Vyas Town Project
Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 March 2013)
Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR)
NPR1.00 = $0.0115 $1.00 = NPR86.8000
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Village Development Committee WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
NOTES
(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011.
(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Government of Nepal
Ministry of Urban Development
Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
Second Small Towns Water Supply & Sanitation Sector Project
Project Management Office Panipokhari, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu
OOff
VVyyaass TToowwnn WWaatteerr SSuuppppllyy aanndd SSaanniittaattiioonn PPrroojjeecctt,, TTaannaahhuu
((BBaattcchh IIII,, PPaacckkaaggee IIII))
March 2013
IInniittiiaall EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall EExxaammiinnaattiioonn ((IIEEEE))
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
Executive Summary
Proponent
This IEE Report has been prepared for the construction of water supply and sanitation scheme in Vyas
Town. Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) of Government of Nepal,
Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) is the
executing agency and the proponent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study for Vyas
Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Tanahu District.
Background
In January 2000 the Government endorsed the 15-year Development Plan for Small Towns Water Supply
and Sanitation in order to improve health and economic and environmental living conditions of people in
small towns in Nepal. The project embraces the community managed demand responsive approach,
where the community is involved in all aspects of planning and implementation of the town projects.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been providing financial assistance to this sector project.
Project Description
The proposed Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project lies in Vyas Municipality, Tanahu district
of Gandaki zone and Western Development region of Nepal. The proposal is to provide water supply
facility to wards 2, 10 and 11 and partial portion of ward 1 of Vyas Municipality.
The Project comprises of two different sources of surface water viz. Gunadi Spring with gravity flow
system and Madi River with pumping system.
Relevancy of the Proposal
IEE preparation and approval is a legal requirement before its implementation as per the provision of
Rule 3, Schedule 1, Ai (Drinking Water Sector) of the Environmental Protection Rules, (EPR, 1997 with
amendments). Thus the IEE study of the Proposal is mandatory as per this provision.
Methodology
The findings and conclusions of the report are based on the analysis of the information collected from the
field by undertaking a walk-through environmental survey along the proposed area and secondary
information collected by the social and technical teams working in the detail survey. Public consultation
was done during the field visit with the local people living around the project area, members of WUSC,
teachers and local leaders.
Existing environmental condition
The project area is located within 27o59’18’ N, 84o15’40”E and 27o58’07”N, 84o16’25”E with average
elevation of 358 m and lies in Lesser Himalaya Zone in between Madi River and Buldi Khola which
finally drain to Seti River.
The Project area lies in Sub-Tropical Climatic Zone with mean maximum temperature of 29.7oC and
mean minimum temperature of 17.7oC. Average annual precipitation of the project area is 2151 mm.
Seti, Madi and Buldi Rivers are the major river of the project area and all the catchment water is drained
to Seti River which flows towards south of the Project area.
Major tree species in the forest are Sal (Shorea robusta), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) and Simal (Bombax
ceiba). Sal trees are the dominant species. Jackal (Canis aureus), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Malsapro
(Martes foina), Hare (Caprolaus hispidus), Monkey (Macaca mulatta) etc. are the animal species found
in the forest.
v
There are 2238 households in the project area (Survey year 2012). The total population is 17,765
including rental population (33.5%). The population of male comprises 49% and female population
comprises 51% which is almost equal. The average family size is 5.27.
The majority of the beneficiaries are Janajatis (51%) and Bramin/Chhetri (36%). Population of Dalits and
Others (Muslim and Madhesi) consists of 7% and 6%.respectively.
The main occupation of the people residing in the zone of influence (ZoI) is business and trade (31%).
People are also involved in different services (29%). Substantially high percentage (10%) of population
is dependent on remittance earned through foreign employment. Dependency on agricultural source of
income is very low (2 %) which indicates that the service area is remarkably urbanized.
Beneficial Impacts
Implementation of the Project will provide drinking water facility in Vyas Municipality. This will lead in
improved health and sanitation condition of the project area.
Adverse Impacts
No significant adverse environmental impact is envisaged by the implementation and operation of the
Project. Some minimal negative impacts are local in nature and low in magnitude. There are very little
possibilities of adverse impact on biological and socio economical environment of Project area. There
may be some impact due to air, water and noise pollution, soil erosion, and disturbances to community
during construction. During operation phase, there may be impact due to contaminated water in the
distribution system and toxic chemical hazards.
Mitigation Measures
Though small in magnitude, there are some possibilities of producing adverse environmental impacts,
which must be mitigated as possible. Use of labor intensive construction techniques, preservation of
vegetation, safe guarding of trees, allowing frequent movement of vehicles and pedestrian along the
existing roads within construction period etc. are some of the measures prescribed. Occupational health
and safety, insurance of workers, provision of clean drinking water and toilets in work camp and sites,
arrangement of first aid box and fire extinguishers with training to use them will be provided in the work
site.
Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring
An action plan with clear roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, time schedule and cost has been
prepared. The Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC), Water Users Committee (WUC), Project
Management Office (PMO), Contractors, Vyas Municipality office are some of the major stakeholders
responsible for implementation of the action plan.
A well defined mechanism for the monitoring of Environment Management Action Plan and the
indicators for the Monitoring of the work have been formulated.
Conclusion and Recommendation
The IEE study of the proposed water supply Project reveals that the benefits from the implementation of
the proposed Project are more significant and long term in nature against the adverse impacts most of
which could be mitigated or avoided. Therefore, this IEE is sufficient for approval of the proposed
Project. This Project is recommended for implementation with incorporation of mitigation measures and
environmental management plan and monitoring plan.
vi
Table of Contents
sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z.................................................................................................................................................... i
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... iv
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ vi
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ viii
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... viii
Annexes .................................................................................................................................................... viii
List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. ix
CHAPTER I ................................................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report .............................................. 1
1.1.1 Name of the Proposal .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.2 Name and Address of the Proponent ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Basis and Extent of the IEE Study ..................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 ADB Policy ................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines ..................................... 2
1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of Environmental Study ........................................................................... 6
1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project ............................................................................................................. 6
1.2.5 Approach and Methodology ........................................................................................................ 8
Chapter II ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Description of the Project .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Existing Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Infrastructure ...................................................... 10
2.1.1 Water Supply Facility ............................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Sanitation Facility ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.3 Drainage Facility ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.4 Solid Waste Management ......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Type, Category and Need of the Project .......................................................................................... 11
2.3 Size or Magnitude of Operation ....................................................................................................... 11
2.4 Proposed Schedule for Implementation ........................................................................................... 11
2.5 Description of Project ...................................................................................................................... 12
2.5.1 Water Source ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.5.2 Water Treatment Facilities ........................................................................................................ 12
2.5.3 Service Reservoirs .................................................................................................................... 13
2.5.4 Pipe Line ................................................................................................................................... 13
2.5.5 Other System Appurtenance ..................................................................................................... 14
Chapter III .................................................................................................................................................. 17
Description of the Environment ................................................................................................................. 17
3.1 Physical Resources ........................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.1 Topography ............................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.2 Geology and Soils, Seismology ................................................................................................ 17
vii
3.1.3 Hydrology and Climate ............................................................................................................. 17
3.1.4 Water Resources ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Ecological Resources ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas .......................................................................................... 17
3.2.2 Forests ....................................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Social and Cultural Resources ......................................................................................................... 18
3.3.1 Population and Communities .................................................................................................... 18
3.3.2 Health Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 18
3.3.3 Educational Facilities ................................................................................................................ 18
3.3.4 Socio-economic conditions ....................................................................................................... 18
3.3.5 Physical or Cultural Heritage .................................................................................................... 19
3.3.6 Employment .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.3.7 Slums and Squatter Settlements ................................................................................................ 19
3.4 Economic Development and Prospects for Growth ......................................................................... 19
3.4.1 Land Use ................................................................................................................................... 19
3.4 2 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................. 19
3.4.3 Economic Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 20
3.4.4 Development Organizations ...................................................................................................... 20
3.4.5 Major Environmental Problems ................................................................................................ 21
3.4.6 Health and Sanitation ................................................................................................................ 22
CHAPTER IV ............................................................................................................................................ 23
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .......................... 23
4.1 Beneficial Impacts ........................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.1 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.2 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 23
4.2 Adverse Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 24
4.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase ............................................................................................................. 24
4.2.2 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 25
4.2.3 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 28
CHAPTER V ............................................................................................................................................. 34
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS ........................ 34
5.1 Alternative in Project Location ........................................................................................................ 34
5.2 Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials .................................... 34
5.3 No Project Option ............................................................................................................................ 34
CHAPTER VI ............................................................................................................................................ 35
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION .................................... 35
6.1 Public Consultation .......................................................................................................................... 35
6.2 Information Disclosure .................................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER VII ........................................................................................................................................... 37
GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER VIII ......................................................................................................................................... 38
viii
MATTERS TO BE MONITORED DURING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ...................... 38
8.1 Mitigation and Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 38
8.1.1 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................... 38
8.1.2 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 38
8.2 Environmental Procedures and Institutions ..................................................................................... 45
8.3 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ............................................................................ 46
8.4 Reporting Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 46
8.5 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates ............................................................................................. 47
8.6 Work Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 47
CHAPTER IX ............................................................................................................................................ 49
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 49
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 50
List of Tables
Table 1: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as per Annex 1
and Schedule G and Annex 3 Schedule H of Environment Protection Regulation 1997 Amendment 2007
Compared with the Situation of the Project ................................................................................................. 7 Table 2: Infrastructures needed for the Project .......................................................................................... 14 Table 3: Salient Features of Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project ......................................... 15 Table 4: Climatological record of Tanahu ................................................................................................. 17 Table 5: Industries in Project Area ............................................................................................................ 20 Table 6: Hotels in Project Area .................................................................................................................. 20 Table 7: Governmental Offices in the service area .................................................................................... 20 Table 8: Banks in the service area ............................................................................................................. 21 Table 9: Cooperatives in the Project Area ................................................................................................. 21 Table 10: Evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impacts .................................................................... 29 Table 11: Mitigation measures, responsible agencies and cost required ................................................... 31 Table 12: Summary of Public Consultation ............................................................................................... 35 Table 13: Monitoring Plan and Cost during construction Phase ................................................................ 39 Table 14: Monitoring Plan and Cost during Operation Phase ................................................................... 43 Table 15: Annual Environmental Cost ....................................................................................................... 47 Table 16: Project implementation schedule ............................................................................................... 48 List of Figures
Figure 1: Flow Diagram for Treatment Plant ............................................................................................. 12 Figure 2: Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................................................. 37 Figure 3: Organization of EMP .................................................................................................................. 46
Annexes
Annex I: Approved TOR
Annex II: REA Checklist
Annex III: Location Map
Annex IV: Public Notice
Annex V: Deed of Inquiry
Annex VI: Minutes of Public Consultation
Annex VII: Recommendation Letter
Annex VIII: Survey Questionnaire
Annex IX: Water Quality Test Reports
ix
List of Abbreviations
ADB : Asian Development Bank
amsl : Above Mean Sea Level
CMA : Community Medical Auxiliary
DI : Ductile Iron
Dia. : Diameter
DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant
DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP : Environmental Management Plan
EPA : Environmental Protection Act
EPR : Environmental Protection Rule
GI : Galvanized Iron
GoN : Government of Nepal
HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe
HHs : Households
IEE : Initial Environmental Examination
lpcd : Liter per capita per day
lps : Liter per second
MoUD : Ministry of Urban Development
NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard
NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority
NGO : Non-government Office
Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
OD : Outer diameter
PMC : Project Management Consultant
PMO : Project Management Office
SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
TDF : Town Development Fund
VAT : Value Added Tax
VDC : Village Development Committee
WHO : World Health Organization
WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office
WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Name and Address of the Individual Institution Preparing the Report
1.1.1 Name of the Proposal
1. The Name of the Proposal is Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project
1.1.2 Name and Address of the Proponent
2. The Project proponent, Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (STWSSSP) of
Government of Nepal, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), Ministry of Urban
Development (MoUD), is responsible for the preparation of IEE report.
Name of Proponent:
Project Management Office
Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Department of Water Supply and Sewerage
Ministry of Urban Development
Government of Nepal
Address of the Proponent:
Panipokari, Kathmandu
Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348
Fax: 977 1 4413280
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np
1.2 Basis and Extent of the IEE Study
3. In January 2000 the Government endorsed the 15-year Development Plan for Small Towns Water
Supply and Sanitation in order to improve health and economic and environmental living conditions
of people in small towns in Nepal. The Project embraces the community managed demand responsive
approach, where the community is involved in all aspects of planning and implementation of the town
projects. Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been providing financial assistance to this sector
project.
4. The first phase of the Project, whose duration was 2001 – 2008, has already been completed and the
people of 29 small towns have been benefitted by the Project. Upon the completion of the first phase
and after finding positive impacts of the Project, Government of Nepal decided to implement the
second phase, with the name, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
(SSTWSSSP). For the implementation, formulation, and operation and maintenance of the Project,
SSTWSSSP aims to have full participation of the users of the respective towns. The cost will also be
shared equally by the users and GON.
5. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the implementing agency of the Project
whereas Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) is the executive agency. The Project has many
stakeholders such as WUSC, Project Management Office (PMO) of DWSS, District Division Office,
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Town Development Fund (TDF), Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC), and local NGO
responsible for social mobilization, health and hygiene programme and preparation of social profiles.
6. Both the Nepali law and ADB policy require that the environmental implications of individual
developments are taken into account in the planning and decision making processes and that action is
taken to reduce the impacts to acceptable levels. This is done through environmental assessment
process, which has become an integral part of lending operations and Project development and
implementation.
1.2.1 ADB Policy
7. ADB’s Environment Policy requires environmental considerations to be incorporated into ADB
operations. Environmental assessment is the primary administrative tool to integrate environmental
considerations into decision-making of all types of development initiatives such as formulating
policies, programs, and development plans or projects to ensure that proposed development will have
minimal environmental impacts and be environmentally sound.
8. The nature of the assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its
environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project, the sensitivity, scale,
nature and magnitude of its potential impacts, and the availability of cost-effective mitigation
measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to either
category A, B or C.
9. According to preliminary environmental screening and REA, the project is found to fall under
category B (Category B projects are those, which are judged to have some adverse environmental
impacts but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects). For these types of
projects IEE is required.
1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines
Law
Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)
10. The interim constitution of Nepal realized environmental protection as the policy of the state.
Clause (4) of Article (35) of the constitution states that ‘The State shall, while mobilizing the natural
resources and heritage of the country that might be useful and beneficial to the interest of the nation,
pursue a policy of giving priority to the local community’. The Clause (5) states that ‘The State shall
make necessary arrangements to maintain the natural environment. The State shall give priority to
special protection of the environment, and rare wildlife, and prevent further damage due to physical
development activities, by increasing awareness of the general public about environmental
cleanliness. Provision shall be made for the protection of the forest, vegetation and biodiversity, their
sustainable use and for equitable distribution of the benefits derived from them’.
Plan/Policies
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation National Policy, Strategy and Action Plan 2060 B.S. (2004
A.D.)
11. This provides guidance on water supply and sanitation service provision in rural areas using
community led participatory approaches. While partially relevant in the urban context,
particularly around the integration of inputs and local capacity building, it generally fails to
address the complex operational challenges to be faced by Municipal authorities in implementing
and managing urban services.
3
Second Three Year Interim Plan 2068-71 B.S.
12. The interim plan provides the most recent guidance on urban sector priorities highlighting, in
particular, the need to address the effects of rapid urbanization on service levels, water quality and
scheme maintenance. It proposes the full integration of sewerage, on-site sanitation and solid waste
management in all urban schemes and specially endorses cost recovery from consumers. Local
authorities are responsible for overseeing project implementation but with private sector organizations
playing increasing roles.
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Policy 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)
13. This policy was recently formulated to provide an overall policy support and guidance towards
achieving equity in service delivery by ensuring that the financially marginalized households within
the system areas are mainstreamed as valid customers of service through design and implementation
of financial incentives where so required.
ADB’s “Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS)” 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)
14. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Framework consists of three operational policies on the Environment,
Indigenous people and involuntary resettlement. It requires that (i) impacts are identified and assessed
early in the project cycle, (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the potential
adverse impacts are developed and implemented and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted
during project preparation and implementation
Acts and Regulations
Land Acquisition Act 2034 B.S. (1977 A.D.) and Rules 2026 (1969)
15. Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977) with amendment in 2049 (1993) guides the compulsory
acquisition of land in the country. The Land Acquisition Act and the Land Acquisition Rules are the
two main legal instruments that specify procedural matters of land acquisition and compensation.
Government can acquire land at any place in any quantity by giving compensation pursuant to the Act
for the land acquired for any public purposes or for operation of any development project initiated by
government institutions (Section 3 and 4). The powers given under these sections are very broad as
government is empowered to acquire any land in the name of public works. The Interim Constitution
of Nepal, 2007 in its Article 19 (2) directs the state to provide compensation for any property
requisitioned, acquired or encumbered by the State in implementing scientific land reform program or
in public interest in accordance with law.
Solid Waste Management Act 2011 (2068 BS)
16. The Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Centre has prepared a 'Solid Waste
Management Act' for managing increasing garbage in the city. The Act is related for sustainable
management of garbage and to minimize the negative impacts of garbage on environment and public
health. According to the act, the local agency will manage garbage under the public and private
partnership concept. The Act has provisions for segregation of garbage according to its nature and for
managing hazardous, industrial, medical and domestic wastes accordingly. Provisions of complete
responsibility to local bodies and strict punishment have also been proposed in the act for effective
monitoring system.
Water Resources Act 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.) and Regulation, 2050 B.S. (1993A.D.)
17. Water Resource Act is an umbrella act governing water resource management. It declares the
order of priority of water use; vests ownership of water in the state; prohibits water pollution; and
provides for the formation of Water User Association and system of licensing. The Regulation sets
4
out the procedure to register a WUA and to obtain a license and sets out the rights and obligations of
WUA and license holders.
Water Tax Act 2023 (1966)
18. Under the Act, the water user who use water through a tap distributed by the government is
obliged to pay water tax as fixed by prevalent laws and charges are levied if the tax is not paid
within the time as fixed by the law.
Labor Act 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.)
19. The Labor Act, 1992, which is executed by Ministry of Labor, is the main regulation regulating
the working environment. Chapter 5 of this Act deals with occupational health and safety. Section 27
of Chapter 5 requires the management to make certain arrangements such as the removal of waste
accumulated during production process and prevention of accumulation of dust, fume, vapor, and
other impure materials, which would adversely affect health of workers. Sections 28 and 29 require
management to provide protective clothing and devices to workers handling chemical substances and
other hazardous and explosive substances. In order to prevent accidents, section 30 of the Act requires
the proprietor to make arrangements for fire safety equipment and emergency equipment while
section 31 requires the placement of sturdy fences around hazardous machines and equipment
operated by energy.
Forest Act 2049 (1992 A.D.) and Regulations 2050 (1993 A.D.)
20. The Forest Act, 1992 (with amendments) and its Rules 1993 contains several provisions to ensure
the development, conservation, management and sustainable use of forest resources. The Act
categories the forest into five categories viz.; state managed forest, community forest, leasehold
forest, private forest and religious forest.
21. The Act in general, prohibits the use of forest areas for development projects, but its Article 68
empowers GoN to issue permission to use the required portion of forest for development with the
assurance that it does not significantly affect the environment. Based on Forest Legislation, GoN has
legally protected thirteen plant species. The Regulation further elaborates legal measures for the
conservation of forests and wild animals.
Environmental Protection Act 2053 B.S. (1997 A.D.) Regulations 2054 (1997 A.D.) with
Amendment
22. The act requirement prescribed developmental projects to carry out Initial Environmental
Examination and such projects cannot be implemented without approval from the Ministry of Urban
Development. The proponent is required to submit Proposal with the report and the Ministry has to
grant approval of the proposal after opinions and suggestions by the general-public and by an expert
committee formed by the Ministry. The act also has the provision such that nobody can create
pollution beyond prescribed limits or standards; or nobody can cause significant adverse impacts to
the environment to safeguard to public life and health. The EPR elaborates provisions to prepare and
submit the Terms of Reference (TOR) and IEE report for approval and includes public consultation
processes. As per the EPR, the Environmental Assessment report, in general, should include detailed
information on impacts and environmental protection measures, including implementation plan,
monitoring and evaluation. Public consultation is a pre-requisite in all the prescribed projects. The
provisions of the act and regulations are directly related to the project and hence these provisions have
been considered in the design and proposed implementation.
5
Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.) and Regulations 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.)
23. The Local Self-Governance Act, 1999 empowers the local bodies for the conservation of soil,
forest, and other natural resources and implementation of environmental conservation activities. The
Village Development Committees (VDCs), Municipalities and District Development Committees
(DDCs) are mandated to take up the responsibilities of formulation and implementation of programme
relating to protection of environment and bio-diversity, and to give adequate priority for the protection
of environment during the formulation of local level plans and programme. The Regulation has
provisions for VDCs, District Development Committee DDCs and municipalities to coordinate and
implement development projects/programs and to provide approval or clearance of the proposed
project.
Drinking Water Regulations 2055 B.S. (1998 A.D.)
24. This regulation regulates the use of drinking water and deals with the control of water pollution
and maintenance of quality standards for drinking water. It also sets out the conditions of service
utilization by consumers.
Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act 2056 B.S. (2001 A.D.)
25. Section 3 of the act prohibits a child from engaging in work, sub clause 1 of the clause 3 states
“Nobody shall engage in work a child who has not completed fourteen years of age as a labor and sub
clause 2 states “Nobody shall engage a child in a risk full occupation or work set forth in the
Schedule”. The section 4 states “Child not to be engaged in work against his will by temptation or fear
or pressure or by any other means”.
Town Development Act 2045 (1988 A.D.)
26. The Act has provisions about the formation of town development committee in any town area to
implement town planning and in carrying out the developmental and reconstruction work of that town.
27. Clauses 9 of town development act empowers the town development committee to regulate,
control or prohibit any act which has an adverse effect on public health or the aesthetics of the town,
or in any way pollutes the environment. It contains penalty provision in the form of fines for the
violation of the Act.
Nepal Water Supply Corporation Act 1989 (and amendments) & Water Supply Management
Board Act, 2006 & Water Supply Tariff Fixation Commission Act 2006
28. These acts facilitate the improved management of water and sanitation services. They establish
the legal basis for private sector management of schemes and independent fee setting and regulation
applicable to all urban schemes.
Standards and Guidelines
National EIA Guidelines 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.)
29. GON has developed and adopted National EIA guidelines in 1993, under which projects and
programs are categorized as either requiring Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This also includes scoping, preparation of ToR for
IEE/EIA, Methods of IEE/EIA report, Impact identification, prediction, impact mitigation measures,
review of draft EIA report, impact monitoring, evaluation of impact studies, impact auditing,
community participation and schedules & annexes to IEE and EIA. Environmental Protection Act,
1997 and the Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997, were brought into force aiming at
mainstreaming of the integration of environmental aspects in development projects and programs.
6
National Drinking Water Quality Standards 2062 B.S (2005 A.D.)
30. These standards provide details of the water quality standards to be applied to all water supply
schemes. These set out the water quality parameters, which the water suppliers should adhere to. The
directives also ensures that the water sampling, testing and analysis procedures used to certify that the
drinking water supplied or to be supplied conforms to the NDWQS and also sets the monitoring and
surveillance procedures to certify that the quality of supplied water conforms to the standards.
Water Resources Strategy, 2055 B.S. (2002 A.D.)
31. In order to make water resource development comprehensive, systematized and accelerate the
process of development, Government of Nepal issued Water Resource Strategy in 2002. With the goal
of meeting its water supply needs and achieving long-term sustainability, the Water Resources
Strategy aims to meet this need by providing a systematic framework for water resources
development and identifying action plans to avoid and resolve conflicts, and achieve Nepal’s water-
related development objectives.
1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of Environmental Study
32. The main objective of the IEE study is to identify the impacts of physical, biological,
socioeconomic and cultural environment of the project area and to propose mitigation measures to
avoid, mitigate, reduce and minimize such impacts. The specific objectives of the proposed IEE study
include to:
• To identify, predict and evaluate the potential beneficial and adverse impacts of the project on
the physical, biological and socio-economical resources in the project area • To suggest enhancement measures to augment the benefits of the project and to propose
suitable mitigation measures to avoid, minimize and compensate the adverse impacts of the
project • To prepare appropriate Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) • To inform public about the proposed project and its impact on their livelihood • To prepare an IEE as per the EPR, 1997
1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project
33. The Proposed Water Supply and Sanitation Project is intended to serve whole households of
wards 2, 10 and 11 and partial portion of ward 1 of Vyas municipality. It is expected that on
implementation of the project the users of the area will be able to avail from adequate amount of safe
drinking water and need not resort the use of unsafe water. The project needs to go through IEE
process as stipulated in EPR 1997 (Amendments 1999 and 2007). The proposed project shall rely on
spring and river water source. The Project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of
people or households, there is no need to settle any households above the gravity source, and
construction of river training works is also not required. The project is expected to benefit a design
population of about 33,085.
34. As the proposed project falls within the definitions provided in the EPR 1997 (Amendments 1999
and 2007) Annex 1(G) for drinking water projects; only an IEE shall be necessary. The regulation
stated in Annex 1 (H) shall only be applicable, if the proposal does not fall under categories (A)
through (H) of Annex 3. Table 2.1 compares the status of the project point by point against the
conditions defined by EPA 1997 and EPR 1997 (and its amendments 2007) for which a drinking
water would require IEE or EIA.
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Table 1: Criteria for Requirement of IEE and/or EIA for Drinking Water Supply Projects as
per Annex 1 and Schedule G and Annex 3 Schedule H of Environment Protection Regulation
1997 Amendment 2007 Compared with the Situation of the Project
S.N. Condition described in the
Act and Regulations
IEE Required
as per the
Regulation
Annex 1 G
EIA Required
as per the
Regulation
Annex 3 H
Conditions in the
Project
1 River Control (Training) Up to 1
Kilometer
Over 1
Kilometer
NA
2 Channeling water from one
watershed to another
Applicable Applicable NA
3 Rain water collection and use
of spewing wetland
Up to 200
hectares
More than 200
hectares
NA
4 Supply of water in dry season
from surface water with a safe
yield of
Up to 1 cusec
and utilizing up
to 50% of the
available
quantity
More than 1
cusec and
utilizing the
total available
quantity
Within the Limit
5 Ground water Recharge Up to 50% of
total aquifer
More than 50%
of aquifer
NA
6 Water Treatment Up to 25 liter per
sec
More than 25
liter per sec
Within the Limit
7 Construction of tunnel for
Channeling drinking water
Tunnel
constructed
NA
8 Water Resource Development
which displaces people
permanent residents
25 to 100 people Over 100 people NA
9 Settlement of people upstream
of water source
Settlement of up
to 500 people
Settlement of
above 500
people
NA
10 Supply of water to a
population of
5,000 to 50,000 Over 50,000 The water supply
system is designed for
distribution of water
to a total of
population 33,085
11 Connection of New Source to
supply water to existing water
supply system for a population
of
More than
100,000
The current
population of the
project is 20,017 and
the design population
is 33,085
12 Operation of a drinking water
supply system with inclusion
of sewage disposal system
with sewage treatment system
Included NA
13 Extraction of ground water
from sources which are located
at point and non-point sources
of biological and chemical
Applicable NA
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pollution and/or their
influenced areas
14 Operation of water supply
project included in a
multipurpose project utilizing
a source of 25 liter per sec
water. (Construction of
Multiple Purpose Reservoir
Required)
Applicable This is not a
multipurpose project
and is solely for water
supply.
Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.
1.2.5 Approach and Methodology
35. The present Initial Environmental Examination report has been prepared based on the Terms of
Reference (TOR) approved by the Ministry of Urban Development, of the Government of Nepal. The
study has followed the provisions outlined in the Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and
Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997 and SPS, 2009 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
Data collection was initiated in January/February 2013 by the consultancy’s Environmental team
along with Civil engineer and Sociologist. The major activities undertaken during the preparation of
IEE are outlined below.
Desk Study and Literature Review
36. A desk review was carried out with the following steps:
Collection and review of secondary sources of information from various sources
37. Secondary information was collected through published and unpublished reports and
interpretation of maps and photographs. The sources of information were District Development
Committee (DDC), District Forest Office (DFO), other line agencies, related NGOs and other project
offices in the district.
Delineation of the geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence area on the topo-map
38. For the geographical boundary of the Zone of Influence (ZoI), whole area of wards 2, 10 and 11
and partial portion of ward 1 of Vyas municipality is taken. Construction areas including intake
structures, reservoir tanks, transmission and distribution pipes lying areas, office building and
operator/guard house are considered to be under direct influence area and remaining area is
considered to be under indirectly influenced area.
Preparation of a project specific checklist
39. A checklist was prepared as per REA checklist of ADB along with survey questionnaire to collect
physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment-related information in the field, as
given in Annex II and Annex VIII.
Field survey and Data Collection
40. Primary data was collected through the field survey within the different settlements of Vyas
Municipality. The following tools/research instruments were used for the collection of primary data:
• Public consultation - To conduct consultation with the local communities at different
settlements, with key informants and other knowledgeable persons. This was managed to
collect biological, socio-economic and cultural environment-related information. • Topographical map - This map was used to show environmental features on the map during
the walkthrough survey.
9
• Photographs - Necessary photographs were taken to show different environmental features
and affected structures.
Compilation of existing information, impact identification and prediction
41. The information collected from different sources were processed and analyzed according to the
physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment within the ZoI. The secondary data
collected was used as the major source for verification and crosschecking of primary data during the
field survey. The generated information from the primary source was analyzed and tabulated.
42. Based on identification of the impacts, their predictions were done to forecast the changes in local
environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by using various methods, such
as trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert judgment, etc.
Mitigation Measures and Management Plan
43. Based on the identified impacts, the mitigation and monitoring prescriptions were developed. A
realistic approach was applied for the application of the mitigation measures in the local context. An
environmental monitoring and management plan was developed to assess the effectiveness of the
mitigation measures and implementation status.
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Chapter II
Description of the Project
2.1 Existing Water Supply, Sanitation and Drainage Infrastructure
2.1.1 Water Supply Facility
44. In addition to the Damauli water supply system serving ward numbers 2, 10 and 11, there are a
number of schemes serving the population of other wards of the Municipality. DWSO is
implementing a number of projects to augment the supply and expand the distribution networks of
these schemes. But due to lack of adequate yearly budget the implementation progress is slow.
45. Two scheme viz. Gunadi gravity system and Madi River pumping scheme are supplying water in
the proposed service area. During Monsoon when the Madi River water pumping is stopped due to the
presence of heavy silt and turbidity, the Gunadi source water is the only source of water. Presently
Gunadi source is estimated to supply 7 lps of water in dry season and 11 lps of water in wet season.
Madi River source supply (pumping) is nil in Monsoons. In dry seasons 10 lps is pumped for 12 hours
to 20 hours depending on the load shedding hours. However this amount of water supply is inadequate
to meet the high demand rate of the town.
46. The proposed service area has properly managed and operated water supply system. The water
production, distribution, meter reading, revenue collection, routine repair and maintenance are a
regular feature of the system management. Primary treatment facilities consist of a sedimentation tank
followed by a roughening filter. However when the river water has high turbidity, this plant does not
function well. Though the visible surface leakages are timely repaired, the proper procedure of leak
repair is not followed and sub-surface leakages go unnoticed and hence left unrepaired.
47. Many households who are deprived of connection and/or have not enough water from their
connection have resorted to pumping water from sump well built along rivers are getting polluted
water.
2.1.2 Sanitation Facility
48. The household survey shows that all houses in the service area have toilet(s) and septic tanks as a
primary mean to treat and dispose the human waste. In fact it is mandatory to house owners to build
septic tanks in their premises to obtain Municipality approval for the construction of houses.
However, there is only one public toilet (near bus stop) and many more are needed to be built at
places of public assembly. Municipality had tried to construct a few public toilets in the past without
success due to strong opposition from the neighboring resident of the location proposed for toilet
construction.
49. The existing practice of human excreta and feces management is use of septic tanks. However, in
most cases the septic tanks are not properly designed and constructed. The sludge from the septic
tank, when full, is pumped out into a truck mounted tank and disposed in to open field and river banks
without any kind of treatment.
2.1.3 Drainage Facility
50. Surface drains exist on the sides of most of the black topped and graveled roads. As Damauli is
already an improved and fast growing municipality, the Municipality office has been improving road
surfaces and putting side drains along such roads. The surface drains are discharged in to Buldi and
Madi rivers. The topography of the town is suitable for efficient drainage.
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2.1.4 Solid Waste Management
51. Vyas Municipality Office is responsible to collect solid waste from the street and transport it to
the dumping sites along the Madi river banks to be washed away in Monsoon. According to the
sample survey results solid waste from 81.41 % of the households are collected by Municipality. The
private solid waste service provider collects solid waste from 6.53 % of the households and dump
along the Madi River and Buldi Khola banks. The rest of the households dump their solid wastes into
pits on their premises.
52. The streets and public places are manually swept for liters by municipal sweepers each day in the
early morning which are collected in a tractor drawn trailer for dumping. Households bring their
trashes out to dump into the garbage collection tractor.
2.2 Type, Category and Need of the Project
53. The Vyas Small Town WSP has been conceptualized as a piped, gravity water supply system,
considering surface water at Madi Khola and renovation of existing Gunadi Spring (surface water
source) as the source with conventional treatment system plan including grit removal chamber,
sedimentation tank and slow sand filter treatment system with ground reservoirs for distribution. The
system has been formulated to provide reliable and continuous 24 hours drinking water supply in
adequate quantity and quality to the consumers at desired service level.
54. With the expansion of the population due to rapid urbanization, the supply of water from existing
schemes has become too low as compared to the demand. The quality of water supplied is also not
satisfactory especially during the rainy season when the turbidity is very high.
55. The WUSC and members of different political parties expressed that need of drinking water is
their top priority and they assured that beneficiaries are ready to pay their part of contribution. The
study of the project area indicates that the community in the project area is aware of quality of water
for drinking purpose and are paying requisite tariff as affixed by WUSC. They are not satisfied in
terms of quality and quantity of water delivered.
2.3 Size or Magnitude of Operation
56. The scheme is designed for a base population of 13,545 (year 2015) and a design year population
of 20,489 (in the year 2029). Existing Gunadi water supply scheme will be renovated and beside this,
water will be tapped from Madi River for providing water to the service area.
2.4 Proposed Schedule for Implementation
57. Major project activities are construction and installation of
• Surface sources and intakes
• Generator and Generator shed
• Pumping system
• Transmission mains
• Treatment facilities
• Reservoirs
• Distribution mains
• House connection
• Water quality testing facility
• Office building
• Guard Quarter/Operator House
• Boundary wall etc.
12
58. The work will be contracted to a contractor, the standard procedure for selection and tendering
will be followed as per the norms of the Fiscal Act and Regulations. These will comprise of tendering
and approval of contract; presentation of security performance, field mobilization of workers,
technicians, and professional of the contractor; procurement and transportation of materials,
installation of structural works, mechanical works, pipe works and commissioning works.
2.5 Description of Project
2.5.1 Water Source
59. Two different surface water sources Gunadi Spring and Madi River will be used for this project.
In case of Gunadi Spring source, the existing water supply scheme will be renovated where as new
designs are needed for Madi River source.
60. The water quality test report shows presence of E-coli in both (Gunadi & Madi) sources.
Turbidity and Iron in Madi water sample exceeded the prescribed NDWQS. The water quality test
reports of samples collected at various points are attached in Annex IX.
2.5.2 Water Treatment Facilities
61. All urban water supplies must meet the National Drinking Quality Standards (NDWQS). In order
to meet the National Drinking Water Quality Standards, all sources of supply will require proper
treatment for the removal of turbidity, physical and chemical impurities and bacteriological removal
followed by disinfection by chlorination. One of the two sources, namely Madi River, will require
elaborate treatment to eliminate sand, silt and turbidity and bacteriological impurities. Both Madi and
Gunadi water source presence of e-coli bacteria which indicate fecal contamination.
62. The Madi river source water treatment plant will be located at Katpani owned by WUSC. The
treated water will be discharged into three water storage tank (one new 250 cum at the new site, one
new 400 cum at the existing site, and one old 500 cum at existing site and on new 100 cum at higher
ground above existing site.)
Figure 1: Flow Diagram for Treatment Plant
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Madi River → Sub-surface infiltration → Collector well/sump well → pumping (15 lps initially) →
plain sedimentation tank → roughening filter → slow sand filters → 4 balancing reservoirs
(250/400/500/100 cum) → chlorination → distribution
63. The Gunadi water treatment plant will be located at the existing sedimentation/roughening
filter/water storage tank site. (The treated water will be discharged into the existing 500 cum water
reservoir tank.)
Gunadi source (7 lps) → existing sedimentation tank → existing roughening filter → slow sand filter
→ existing storage reservoir (500 cum) → Chlorination → Distribution
2.5.3 Service Reservoirs
64. Three new service reservoirs are proposed to be constructed at different locations to serve
different part of the service area. The reservoirs will be partly underground and partly above ground
constructed of RCC in round shapes.
65. RVT 1: At the new treatment plant site a new service reservoir of 250 cum is proposed to serve
ward no 11. The water demand of the reservoir service area is 8.5 lps. Based on consumption patter
prescribed by the PMO design guidelines the calculated deficit of cumulative supply and demand is
233 cum. Therefore the reservoir tank size is kept at 250 cum. The size of the reservoir is filled in 10
hours at night.
66. RVT 2: At the existing reservoir site a new reservoir of 400 cum is proposed. The new reservoir
In combination with the existing 500 cum RCC storage tank will serve the lower area of ward number
2, 10 and 11 (the main consumption area). The water demand of the reservoir service area is 30.0 lps.
Based on consumption pattern prescribed by the PMO design guidelines the calculated deficit of
cumulative supply and demand for the service area is 821 cum. Therefore the reservoir tank size is
kept at 900 cum. The new and existing service reservoir will provide this capacity. The size of the
reservoir is filled in 10 hours at night.
67. RVT 3: At the upper ground of existing water storage tank site a new service reservoir of 100 cum
is proposed to serve upper settlement of ward no 11. The water demand of the reservoir service area is
2.5 lps. Based on the consumption patter prescribed by the PMO design guidelines the calculated
deficit of cumulative supply and demand is 69 cum. Therefore the reservoir tank size is kept at 100
cum. The size of the reservoir is filled in 10 hours at night.
68. The existing reservoir of capacity 500 cum will also be used for the project.
2.5.4 Pipe Line
69. Alignments of the proposed pipelines have been fixed. The distribution network follows the tracks
and roads as far as possible and no land acquisition is needed for the project.
Transmission Line
70. The existing transmission pipes (two parallel lines of 110 mm dia HDPE) of Gunadi source will
be left intact except for partial replacement at the intake and reservoir ends. The Gunadi water will be
discharged to existing water storage tank by gravity as before. At the intake end, about 1125 m length
of exposed worn out pipes of both lines laid along the water rivulet will be replaced with 125 mm OD
of HDPE and 400 m of GI pipes of dia 125 mm. Similarly about 675 m of one of the pipeline, which
has been use by WUSC for carrying water pumped from the existing tube well, will be replaced by
HDPE pipe of 125 mm OD.
14
71. The existing 150 mm diameter GI transmission pipe used to carry pumped water from the Madi
River will be abandoned completely and a new transmission pipe line will be constructed to deliver
pumped water to new treatment plant site. Most of the length of new pipe will take the new route and
will be longer than the existing transmission pipeline. The existing pipe at the common route is also
un-usable because the size is not adequate to carry new design demand and the pipes are already old
enough requiring replacement
Distribution Networks
72. The existing distribution network is proposed to be replaced by a new network designed for the
design year demand of water for the projected population. New unserved area has also been provided
with new distribution pipelines. The existing distribution pipelines comprising of mostly HDPE pipes
will not be able to sustain higher design pressure as they have been joined by traditional technique of
hand pressure (lately mechanical jack were used) and heating plate (burner lamp or electrically
heated). New pipes will be joined by electro-fusion technique using a hydraulic jack in order to make
them able to withstand rated high water pressure.
73. The pipes will be of HDPE varying in sizes from 50 to 160 mm OD in varying pressure rating as
per NS. The smallest pipe diameter used will be 50 mm and the lowest pressure rating of pipes will be
6 kg/sqcm provided that they are available (smaller pipe sizes are available in pressure ratings higher
than 6 kg/sqcm). The total length of distribution network is 63 km.
74. As far as possible the distribution pipelines will be laid on both sides of the black top roads. They
will be located at the outer edges of the road surfaces. The foot paths shall be used later for laying
small bore sewers.). As most of the road surfaces in Damauli are black topped, high cost of road
surface reinstatement will be involved.
2.5.5 Other System Appurtenance
75. The distribution network is small in comparison to any big size town and cities, therefore the
concept of district metering will not be feasible and desirable. Provision of metering at the outlet of
distribution reservoirs and the billed amount of water will be able to give a good picture of non-
revenue water in the distribution network. Desired numbers of control scour and air valves will be
provided in the network for smooth network operation.
Table 2: Infrastructures needed for the Project
Infrastructure Function Description Location
Intake Structures Tapping and diversion of
water from surface water
source
A Weir to take in
water from the stream
and a settlement
tank/sump well for
insoluble particles
Existing at Gunadi river
near Gunadi Village and
new at Madi river 100 m
upstream from Madi
Bridge
Treatment Facilities Remove turbidity and
bacteria from water
Different chambers
and tanks like Grit
removal tank,
Sedimentation Tank,
Roughening Filter and
Slow Sand Filter for
surface water and
Aeration and Pressure
Filter for ground
Treatment facility for
Madi River water at
Katpani and for Gunadi
stream at existing
sedimentation/roughening
filter/water storage tank
site
15
water
Reservoirs Collect and store water Covered RCC tanks RVT 1 at Katpani, RVT 2
and 3 at existing reservoir
site
Transmission Mains Transfer water from the
source to the Treatment
/storage tank
GI, DI and HDPE
pipes of size 100 to
250 mm
From source to
treatment/storage tank
Distribution Mains Transmission of water
from the
Storage/distribution
tanks to the service area
houses
GI, DI and HDPE
pipes of size 50 to
300 mm
All over service area
House Connection Connecting households
with distribution mains
GI pipe of size 15 to
25 mm
All over service area
Office Building Administrative purpose One and half storey
building with five
rooms
Ward 11 near exising
reservoir tanks
Guard/Operator
House
House for guard and
other operating works
Two one storey
building with three
rooms including toilet
One near existing
reservoir tank and one at
Katpani
Table 3: Salient Features of Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project
1. Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
2. Scheme Name: Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Damauli
3. Service Area: Includes the settlements of Vyas Municipality as follows:
Wd No 1 Settlements named as Galbubesi
Wd No 2 All Settlements such as Male Bagar, Bag Bazaar, Bhorle Chowk, Ganesh Man
Chowk, Dangre Kholsi, Naya Sadak, Padam chowk, Satyabati tole, Malpot line, Safa sadak ko
Pashchim (west), Kalika Marg, Prithvi Highway Area, Sadak Parivar, Purano Bank etc.
Wd No 10 All settlements like Bishghare, Shanti Nagar, Bidhut (NEA) office area, Nim
chowk area, Southern area of Nagarpalika, DSP Office to Vetinary office line, Eastern area of
the Safa sadak, Deuralinagar, Parasar etc.
Wd No 11 Settlements like Bagbhanjhyang, Chure Khola, Biral tar, Simal Tar, Jure
Pani, Bagbajar, Birta Chhetra, Chhurekhola chhetra, Jal devi tole, Water supply Tank tole
(Sankhar area), Prithvi High way line area, Menaka Cinema hall area, Northern area of Bhorle
tar ckowk, NEA sub-station area and Barahi (Kankai) boarding School area.
4. Scheme Type: Gravity and Pumping system for both options.
5. Design Flow (base year):
15 Lps 24 Hr. Pumping per day from Madi River and 7 LPS from gravity
6. Source Discharge Measurement
Proposed Sources
Measured Discharge
(LPS)
Safe Yield
(LPS) Taps Flow (LPS)
Gunadi Source
Madi Source
12 lps
Plenty
8 lps
Plenty
7 lps
34.0 lps
7. Designed Period: 15 years (1 year preparation, 2 year construction and 15 years design period)
8. Household No. Survey Year: 2751
9. Growth rate: 3% per Annum
10. Permanent population:
Survey Year 2012 Base Year 2015 Design Year 2029
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12,396 13,545 20,489
11. Water Demand at design year (lpd) Domestic: 28, 67,633 liters
Non – domestic demand (adopts 10 % of domestic demand, which includes demand for rental
population, Institutional, Industrial/commercial, fire demand etc.):- 2, 86,763 Liters
Leakage and wastage (Approximately 10% of total demand etc.): 3, 50,488 Liters
Total: 35, 04,885 Liters
12. Structure Required
Description Quantity
Spring Intake maintenance 1
Collector Well with Radial Pipe 1
Sump Well for Lifting water 1
Generator house(no) 1
Operator / Guard house 2
Fire Hydrant 4
Boundary wall for compounding 1
Sedimentation tank 1
Roughening Filter 1
Slow sand filter for Madi & Gunadi source 2
Chlorine Dosing Unit 2
Transmission main (KM) 2.8
Distribution Main (KM) 63
Pipeline for Gunadi (KM) 1.8
Size of Transmission Main
GI main(mm) 100 – 125
HDPE(mm) 110-160
DI(m) (mm) 150-250
Size of Distribution Line
GI main(mm) 15-100
HDPE(mm) 50-160
DI(m) (mm) 150-250
Ground Storage Tank (400 Cum) 1
Ground Storage Tank(250 Cum) 1
Ground Storage Tank(100 Cum) 1
Concrete valve chamber(No) 37
Pipe valve box (No) 173
HH fully plumb and yard connection (Base year) 3006
Institutional Connection 69
WUSC/Office/Lab building(no.) 1
Electrical Works 1
Mechanical Works 1
Re-instate of Black Topped Road (KM) 17
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Chapter III
Description of the Environment
3.1 Physical Resources
3.1.1 Topography
76. The project area is located within 27o59’18’ N, 84
o15’40”E and 27
o58’07”N, 84
o16’25”E with
average elevation of 358 m in between Madi River and Buldi Khola which finally drain to Seti River.
The project area is densely populated and is the district headquarter of Tanahu District. The area is
located in between Mugling and Pokhara. Prithvi Highway passes across the project area.
3.1.2 Geology and Soils, Seismology
77. The project area lies in Lesser Himalaya Zone. Dolomite is the predominant rock of the project
area. Slate, Phyllite and quartzite are also found within the project area. No landslide is noticed in the
nearby vicinity.
3.1.3 Hydrology and Climate
78. The Project area lies in Sub-Tropical Climatic Zone. Climatological data of Tanahu is given in
table 4 below
Table 4: Climatological record of Tanahu
Mean Temperature oC Precipitation mm (1971-2000) Rainfall in mm
2007 2008 2009 2010 Annual Monsoon Winter Pre monsoon Post monsoon 2007 2008 2009 2010
23.7 23.3 23.8 23.8 2328.8 1707.3 67.1 464 90.4 2151 2122 2979 1877
Source (Dept. of Hydrology & Meteorology)
79. Seti, Madi and Buldi Rivers are the major rivers of the project area and all the catchment water is
drained to Seti River which flows towards south of the Project area.
3.1.4 Water Resources
Surface water and Quality
80. In case of surface water, Madi River is the major source of water within the project area where all
the catchment water is drained and lies towards the west. Buldi river is also a good source for water.
However water quality of these rivers is not good enough for utilizing as drinking water purpose
without some treatment facilities. There are few springs within the project area yielding sufficient
water that can be harnessed for municipal supply. The only reliable source is Gunadi spring which is
utilized at present.
Water quality of surface water is given in Annex IX. The project area does not have good ground
water source.
3.2 Ecological Resources
3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas
81. There are no National Parks or protected areas within the Project area. However the Project lies
near some community forests.
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3.2.2 Forests
82. All the project activities lie in the settlement region. However it is noticed that there are some
community forests within the municipality that can be affected by project activities if not monitored
strictly.
Flora
83. Major tree species in the forest are Sal (Shorea robusta), Chilaune (Schima wallichii) and Simal
(Bombax ceiba). Other trees like Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Kyamun (Hadychium ellipticum), Amala
(Phyllanthus emblica) and Valayo (Semecarpus anacardium) are also found in few numbers. Sal trees
are the dominant species.
Fauna
84. Jackal (Canis aureus), Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Malsapro (Martes foina), Hare (Caprolaus
hispidus), Monkey (Macaca mulatta) etc. are the animal species found in the nearby forest.
3.3 Social and Cultural Resources
3.3.1 Population and Communities
85. The project area is highly urbanized and consists of dense settlements covering whole households
of wards 2, 10 and 11 and partial portion of ward 1 of Vyas Municipality. In total 2238 households are
being benefited by the project with total population of 17,765 including rental populations (33.5%).
The population of male comprises 49% and female population comprises 51% which is almost equal.
The average family size is 5.27. The majority of the beneficiaries are Janajatis (51%) and
Bramin/Chhetri (36%). Population of Dalits and Others (Muslim and Madhesi) consists of 7% and
6%.respectively.
3.3.2 Health Facilities
86. There are nine hospitals with outdoor patient services and 4 hospitals with indoor and outdoor
facilities in the service area. There are sufficient medical stores and private clinics in project area. In
case of serious health problem local people go to Pokhara, Bharatpur and Kathmandu for treatment.
3.3.3 Educational Facilities
There are 6 higher secondary schools, 7 secondary level schools, 2 lower secondary school and 10
primary level schools in the project area. The status of literacy of the project area is better than the
national figure. The illiterate percentage of the population is only 8%.The majority of the population
have secondary level education status. Similarly, the population with graduation is 11% and
population with Master degree is 5%.
3.3.4 Socio-economic conditions
87. Most of the households are dependent on business and trade. The study (socio economic survey-
2069) shows 31% households are fully dependent on business and trade. Similarly 29% of the people
are depended on different services.
88. Land ownership status of household is satisfactory, i.e. 87% have land ownership. Similarly, 44%
of houses belong to price group of more than 50 lakhs and 16% households belong to 35-49 lakhs
price category. Only 2% of houses belong to price group of less than 4 lakhs. The income level of
people is also better, 71% household have more than Nrs.15000 monthly income and 11% households
have average income in between Nrs. 10000 to Nrs. 15000. Similarly, 9% households have average
monthly income in between of Nrs.6001 to 10,000.
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3.3.5 Physical or Cultural Heritage
89. There are no remarkable cultural and physical heritage sites within the project area.
3.3.6 Employment
90. The project area consists of an urban setting and hence employment nature of people are also
influenced by the urban environment. Most of the people (31%) are involved in trade and business.
Similarly 29% of the people are being engaged in various services. 10% of the people are depended
on remittance and 5% are involved as wage labor. Only 2% of the people within the service area are
involved in agriculture.
3.3.7 Slums and Squatter Settlements
91. The Project area is over crowed but no slums and squatter settlements exists.
3.4 Economic Development and Prospects for Growth
3.4.1 Land Use
92. The agriculture land is being fragmented due to population growth, land plotting for house
construction, construction of roads, market centers and public facilities. Settlements are being
developed along the highway, urban roads and potential growth centers. Most of the private land is
used as built up area.
3.4 2 Infrastructure
Transportation
93. The service municipality lies along the Prithvi Highway and urban roads are also being upgraded
from earthen to gravel and black topped. Almost all settlements are linked by roads.
Drinking Water Supply
94. The existing water supply system serves 80% households with private connection. Similarly, 11%
households fetch water from public taps, 7% from wells and 2% households depend on streams.
During the household survey most of the people showed dissatisfaction regarding to quality,
availability and service quality of the existing water supply system. Most of the people rely on Madi
and Buldi khola for washing clothes and bathing.
Surface Drainage, Sanitation and Sewerage
95. Most of the urban roads do have facility for surface drainage but are inadequately designed for
handling monsoon rains. Similarly, almost all houses have toilet facilities but with inappropriate
septage tank and soak pit system which leads to soil and ground water contamination. There are few
public toilets to handle the high influx of people. Due to the rapid population growth in the service
area, upgradation of the facilities of surface drainage, sewerage and solid waste management is a
significant requisite for healthy and hygienic environment.
Electricity
96. The service area is connected with the national grid of NEA.
Communications
97. The network of mobile phone is of moderate quality. Landline phones are available along with
internet facility. There is one post office within the project area.
20
3.4.3 Economic Characteristics
Industries
98. There are no big industries within the project area besides some cottage industries. The name,
location and types of industries established in project area are illustrated in Table 5.
Table 5: Industries in Project Area
SN Name of Industry No of Staff
1 Vyas Blovk Udhyog 7
2 Karki Cement Block Udhyog 9
3 Kalika block Udhyog 11
4 Amrit Dalmoth Udhyog 4
5 Vyas Sweet and Pickle Udhyog 3
6 Gandaki Food Production 6
7 Sulba Dalmoth Udhyog 5
8 Milan Shoes Udhyog 3
9 Laxmi chalk Udhyog 2
The project area comprises of many hotels and lodges too (Table 6)
Table 6: Hotels in Project Area
Ward No. No of hotels No. of Beds
1 3 19
2 39 468
10 13 117
11 20 280
Total 75 884
Agricultural Development
99. The project is located in the urban area and there are few agricultural land with low percentage of
people (2%) involved in agricultural activities.
Mineral Development
100. No extraction of mineral resources are noticed within the Project area.
Tourism Development
101. The Project area is not suitable for tourism development. However there are some tourism
development centers near the project area like Vyas cave and Chabdi Barahi temple.
3.4.4 Development Organizations
102. There are many development organizations within the project area. Major organizations are
mentioned in tables 7 to 9.
Table 7: Governmental Offices in the service area
SN Name Ward No. of Staff
1 District Administration Office Vyas 10 17
2 Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office Vyas 2 20
3 Office of District development Committee Vyas 2 45
4 District Technical Office Vyas 10 18
5 District Forest Office Vyas 11 13
6 District Agriculture Development Office Vyas 11 17
21
SN Name Ward No. of Staff
7 District Soil Conservation Office Vyas 2 11
8 Kosh Tatha Lekha Niyantrak Office Vyas 10 9
9 District Livestock Service Center Vyas 10 18
10 Western region irrigation office Vyas 10 16
11 District Post Office Vyas 10 12
12 District Handicraft and Domestic Industries Vyas 10 15
13 Western Road Division Office Vyas 10 25
14 Cooperative Division Vyas 10 11
15 District Education Office Vyas 10 25
16 District Court Office Vyas 10 13
17 District Napi Office Vyas 10 15
18 Women and Children Development Office Vyas 10 16
19 Jilla Karagar Vyas 10 30
20 Nepal Telecom Vyas 10 15
21 District Atithi Griha Vyas 10 5
22 Academic Training Center Vyas 10 12
23 Office of Municipality Vyas Vyas 10 27
24 District Advocate Office Vyas 10 8
25 District Police Office Vyas 10 45
Total 487
Table 8: Banks in the service area
SN Name Location/Ward No. of Staff
1 Nepal Bank Limited Vyas 10 12
2 MachhapucheBank Vyas 2 9
3 Kist Bank Vyas 2 10
4 SBI Bank Vyas 10 8
5 Gandaki Bikas Bank Vyas 11 9
6 Sunrise Bank Vyas 11 13
7 Lumbinin Bikas Bank Vyas 11 9
8 Pashuimancha bikas Bank Vyas 11 8
9 Himalyayan Bank Vyas 10 13
Total 91
Table 9: Cooperatives in the Project Area
SN Name of Institutions Ward No.
1 Dovan Jaibik Krishi cooperative Ltd Vyas 2
2 Satyawoti Saving and credit Coopertive Vyas 10
3 Shree shramik Saving and Credit cooperative Vyas 10
4 Sarva Kalyan Saving and credit cooperative Vyas 2
5 Nava Jagaran Krishi cooperative Vyas 2
6 Mel milap krishi cooperative Vyas 2
3.4.5 Major Environmental Problems
103. Haphazard urbanization, unmanaged disposal of solid waste, vehicular emission, uncontrolled
use of polythene bags etc. are the major environmental problems in the service area.
22
3.4.6 Health and Sanitation
104. The field study shows high a prevalence of water borne diseases in the project area. 33% of
the households within the project area are spending more than Nrs. 5000 per year, 15% households
Nrs.3001 to 5000, 19% households Nrs.2001 to 3000 and the rest are spending up to Nrs. 2000 for the
treatment of diarrhea per year.
105. In case of annual expenses for treatment of other diseases (except water borne disease), 13%
household are spending more than NRs.5000, 35% households are spending Nrs.3001 to 5000 and
25% households are spending up to Nrs 2000.
23
CHAPTER IV
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
106. Environmental impacts on physical, biological and socio - economic and cultural aspects are
identified based on the existing environmental condition with respect to the proposed project
interventions. The proposed Vyas Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project by size and
technology is a small one, which will improve sanitation facilities with minimum physical
interventions. It is assessed that there will be minimal impact on environment, which can be easily
mitigated.
107. None of the components of the scheme encroaches through main forest areas of the municipality.
There are no wetlands, historic/cultural monuments, building of heritage value in the project area.
Resettlement is also not required as WSUG has already purchased/managed the land required for the
project. The route for transmission/distribution pipe has been designed through the existing roadways
or through areas where there are no tree coverage.
4.1 Beneficial Impacts
108. Development of water and sanitation facilities will have numerous beneficial impacts to
individuals as well as to the entire community. Availability of clean and adequate drinking water and
sanitary facility are basic human needs. Also any development efforts aimed at improving water and
sanitation needs of an area will significantly contribute towards improving the quality of life of that
area.
109. Some of the major beneficial impacts of the project and their maximization measures are
described below.
4.1.1 Construction Phase
Generation of employment
110. Impact: The Project will require 51,099 person days of skilled and 157,239 person days of
unskilled labors.
111. Enhancement Measures: Implementation of the Project will directly provide employment
opportunities at local level by awarding priority to local people for employment.
4.1.2 Operation Phase
Improvement in Health and Sanitation
112. Impact: After the water supply and sanitation project is completed, people living within the
project area will benefit from the supply of good quantity and quality water in their own house
premises with improved sanitary conditions.
113. Enhancement Measures: Regular maintenance of the water supply system will be done by the
users group
Women Empowerment
114. Impact: Women households in the project area are under pressure for managing low quantity of
water. Furthermore contaminated water can lead to infection by several dieses. Women from
households have to spend considerable time to care for the sick in the family. With the improvement
24
of water supply there will be marked reduction in the occurrence of infectious dieses within the
households of the project area.
115. Enhancement Measures: Beneficial impacts to women and girls can be enhanced by
conducting health and awareness programs to the local community.
Increment in local economy and commercial activities
116. Impact: Unavailability of safe drinking water could be one of the reasons for some persons to
opt for conducting their business from a different location. Consequently this trend will be
discouraged with the availability of safe drinking water and improved sanitation system provided
through the development of this project. Availability of supply of drinking water will induce
multiplier effects to promote areas for multipurpose development of this region.
117. When this infrastructure is available such persons would be attracted to this place for their
operation. The land price would increase due to the availability of reliable safe drinking water and
sanitation system. The availability of good supply of drinking water will accelerate the rate of
development of this place as a leading market centre of this region.
118. Enhancement Measures: Local people will be made aware that high value lands are acceptable
to the banks and microfinance institutions to provide loans for them to start their own economic/social
ventures. DDC/municipality shall manage planned growth with required infrastructure facilities for
healthy and hygienic environment in the market areas.
4.2 Adverse Impacts
4.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase
Environmental Impacts due to Project Design
Damage to utility lines, community services and infrastructure
119. Impact: Design of the Project can have impact on existing water supply system and other
infrastructures. Natural drainage pattern may be disturbed. If not reviewed properly, project location
near forest can damage vegetation and cause habitat loss. The project can have impact on land use,
particularly agricultural land, thus reducing production and benefits of farmers.
120. Mitigation Measure: The design of the project shall be prepared in such a way that it will cause
minimal impact on environment. The location of project structures and transmission/distribution line
will be selected with minimum loss of vegetation and agricultural land.
121. The proposed structures of the project do not appear to disturb any physical or social
infrastructure in the area. It will be scrutinized to see that it does not damage or obstruct any
government and private buildings, social and cultural establishments, schools, colleges, medical
service establishments that exist in the service area. Structures of the project will be designed to avoid
relocation of electric poles.
Increased Production of Waste Water
122. Impact: Due to the project there will be adequate supply of water. Hence more water will be
used, thus increasing amount of used wastewater.
123. Mitigation Measure: Proper mechanism for disposal of wastewater will be considered by the
design. Design of septage drying beds will be done to restrict direct disposal of wastewater in natural
stream.
25
Inadequate disposal of sludge from reservoirs and treatment plant
124. Impact: Some amount of sludge will be generated from reservoirs and treatment plants.
125. Mitigation Measure: Sludge generation rate and disposal plan will be prepared in the project
design.
Source dispute and water use conflicts
126. Impact: While extracting water from its source, care will be given on its existing users. They
will be consulted properly to avoid disputes and water use conflicts. Similarly, issues related with
priority rights will be given due importance.
127. Mitigation Measure: Consultation and agreement with water users groups and municipality
have been done. There are no impacts related with source dispute and water use conflicts in the
project.
4.2.2 Construction Phase
Physical Environment
Air, water and noise pollution
128. Impact: The project area is connected by road in most of the places. Trucks and tractors may be
used for the transportation of construction materials. The excavation and quarrying activities may
release dust and particulate matters. The drilling machine and other mechanical equipment may emit
some quantity of dust and smoke, but they may be of negligible quantity. Water pollution during
construction phase may be due to
• Haphazard disposal of solid waste by workers nearby the construction site.
• Excavated soil transported to the water bodies by rainwater.
• Leakage and disposal of oil and grease from construction equipments.
129. Mitigation Measure: Equipment, which produces heavy noise, will not be used. Gaseous
pollutants will be emitted by construction equipment in very limited quantity, which will be carefully
monitored and old and polluting machines will not be used. Noise will be monitored to keep within
permissible levels. Workers working in high noise area will be provided ear mufflers. Haphazard
disposal of waste by workers will be restricted. Leakage and disposal of oil and grease will be
checked regularly and prevent them to pollute natural water body by using proper grease trap.
Impacts on Quarry and Spoil disposal site
130. Impact: Construction work will require sand, gravel, boulder and other types of construction
materials. The extraction of materials from inappropriate places or in excessive amounts may cause
environmental concerns. The potential adverse impacts of quarrying are accelerated erosion,
disturbance in natural drainage patterns, water logging and water pollution. Quarry site of the project
is located in Madi River.
131. Mitigation Measure: Unstable sites, erosion prone areas, dense forest areas, settlements and
fertile farm land will be avoided for quarry operation. After the extraction is completed, the quarry
site will be closed and rehabilitated to suit the local landscape
132. Impact: Excavated soil particularly during reservoir construction need to be disposed in
appropriate locations without causing contamination of water bodies, erosion, pollute water and
damage to farmlands, crops and property. If not properly and timely addressed, the impacts from spoil
disposal will be direct and of high magnitude, site-specific and long-term in nature.
26
133. Mitigation Measure: Excess spoils will be disposed in specified tipping sites in a controlled
manner. Spoils will not be disposed on farmland, marshy land, forest areas, natural drainage path,
canals and other infrastructures. After the disposal, the site will be provided with drainage, vegetation
and adequate protection against erosion.
Impacts to traffic
134. Impact: Trench failure, slope disturbances, vibrations, excavation and removal of excavated
material can affect the local land system. Excavated earth for laying distribution system may obstruct
pedestrian and traffic movement because most of the pipelines pass along the roadside.
135. Mitigation Measure: Care will be taken while excavating and laying pipes, excavated soil will
be stored in outer side of trench opposite to roadside and backfilling will be done properly.
Construction during rainy season will be avoided
Biological Environment
Impacts due to Forest clearance, loss of vegetation and wildlife habitat
136. Impact: Loss of vegetation will be minimal because the project site is not located in forest area.
There will be no impact due to forest clearance as no trees will be cut down. Similarly there will be no
damage to wildlife habitat due to project construction activities.
137. Mitigation Measure: The project will support community forest users group in replantation for
any tree cleared from forest following the directions of Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation,
2063 B.S.
Possible Firewood extraction and Timber/NTFP Exploitation
138. Impact: Labor may exert pressure on the local forests of the surrounding areas for cooking and
heating.
139. Mitigation Measure: For construction labors stationed at the camp, contractor will provide
kerosene or gas for cooking and heating. Use of forest wood will be restricted and respective
provisions will be included in the contract agreement document with contractor.
Impacts due to Hunting and Poaching of Wild life by workforce
140. Impact: The proposed area is not a significant habitat for wildlife and bird species. However, as
the project area lies near community forests, there may be illegal hunting and poaching of wild life by
workers.
141. Mitigation Measure: Workers will be prohibited to enter the forest and their activities will be
regularly monitored while working near the forest area.
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Impacts on Land acquisition, Resettlement, Relocation and Compensation
142. Impact: All the infrastructures will be built on public land and hence there will not be any
impact related to land acquisition. Similarly there will not be impacts related to resettlement,
relocation and compensation.
Disturbances to Community activities
143. Impact: Disturbance to community activities, public/social/cultural important sites/schools may
occur due to generation of noise, vibrations, power horns and access due to excavations and vehicle
movements. Similarly festivals and social events may be affected due to project related activities.
Excessive noise can affect peace, serenity, health and sleeping time in the neighborhood of the Project
27
areas. Additionally, business activities may not run smoothly due to obstructions imating from the
project construction works.
144. Mitigation Measure: Information about the work schedule will be provided to the public so that
able to adjust their individual work schedule time to the project requirements. Noise levels will be
regularly monitored and speed limits will be determined for vehicles. Use of power horns will be
banned. Operation of plants and construction vehicles between 7 PM to 6 AM in residential areas will
be prohibited. Similarly working at sensitive times (during religious festivals in the area) will be
avoided. The work force in sensitive areas will be increased so as to finish the work quickly. Wooden
bridges will be provided for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow access across open
trenches.
Social Disputes and Dissatisfaction
145. Impact: During the construction works, some workforce from outside is also required so there
will be interaction between local labor and the outside workforce. During this interaction some
disputes may arise between two workforces resulting to social and cultural conflicts. This may also
lead to social and cultural transition, whereas on the other hand there will also be increased
interdependence among diverse social groups and inter-linkages between different geographical areas,
which will promote social cohesion and a culture of tolerance amongst people.
146. Mitigation Measure: The local communities of the project area will be made aware of values
and importance of culture and religion through awareness raising campaigns. In order to minimize
disputes between local labor and outside work force law and order will be enforced strictly among the
workers. Regular inspection will be done by the contractor to find out if there is any dispute arising
between the workers. In case of disputes and misunderstandings the project in association with the
local communities will look for consensus to settle the issues.
Occupational health and safety impact
147. Impact: Since the labor forces require undertaking works especially in hazardous materials
handling, heavy equipment operations, bitumen works etc. they are exposed to various safety risks
and health hazards works undertaken without adequate safety measures will be discouraged. Health
risk is also commonly associated with the poor labor camp conditions, use of unsafe water supply
sources, poor sanitation conditions (lack of latrines and washing facilities) also cause the risk of
endemic diseases that includes dysentery, diarrhea, cholera etc. Contagious diseases HIV/AIDS, STDs
etc may surface up conspicuously and spread over extensively among local and in-migrant labor force
that may be infected with diseases and become sexually active.
148. Mitigation Measure: This risk will be minimized by properly adopting necessary safety
measures. Before construction begins the contractor will inform and provide training to its workers on
the potential occupational health and safety impacts/hazards and mitigation measures to be used
during construction. Proper sanitation system will be developed to reduce the air and water pollution.
Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be established at construction sites to control
open defecation and pollution of water bodies by the workers. Personal protective equipments (PPE)
and basic first aid will be provided to construction workers during construction of the project.
Besides, the project will provide insurance facility for injuries or death of workers.
Community Health and Safety
149. Impact: During construction phase, there may be possibility of the spread of communicable
diseases among the community due to poor sanitation and living conditions, sexual transmission and
vector-borne infections in construction labor camps, spread of food borne diseases due to street side
hawkers, possibility of the spread of vector-borne diseases due to stagnant water pools (creating
28
mosquito breeding habitats). There may also be possibility of accidents to the people of the
community due to trench excavations.
150. Mitigation Measure: To avoid risks from accidents on site due to the movement of the public
and workers health and safety measures execution will be part of the contract which will includes:
• Following standard and safe procedures e.g. shoring in trenches;
• Prohibit entry at construction sites to the public; barricade the area and provide warning signs;
• Provide PPE to the workers;
• Avoid manual cleaning in very deep and narrow sections of the drains to avoid hazardous
working conditions;
• Provide First Aid kits at the site;
• Keep records of accidents; and
• Provide health and accident insurance to the workers.
151. Impact: Construction activities could be a nuisance to the public/social/cultural important
sites/schools due to generation of noise, vibrations, power horns and access due to excavations and
vehicle movements.
152. Mitigation Measure: Mitigating measures are to:
• Provide information to the public about the work schedule;
• Monitoring of noise levels regularly at site to meet the noise standards (Appendix 6);
• Fit mufflers in vehicles to control noise;
• Limit the speed of vehicles;
• Ban the use of power horns in vehicles;
• Regular maintenance of equipment and vehicles;
• Prohibit the operation of plants and construction vehicles between 7 PM to 6 AM in
residential areas;
• Compensate the damages caused by vibration to structures if caused by construction
activities;
• Avoid working at sensitive times (during religious festivals in the area);
• Increase the work force in sensitive areas so as to finish the work quickly; and
• Provide wooden bridges for pedestrians and metal sheets for vehicles to allow access across
open trenches.
4.2.3 Operation Phase
Risk of Contaminated water in the distribution system
153. Impact: In general suboptimal operation of the Project will create hazards in terms of
overall delivery of the outputs and safety of the personnel. In this condition, the very existence of
the Project will be at risk. The people consuming water from such source will be at higher risk as
the majority of the population will be consuming same water. Any contamination of water is
likely to cause epidemics with water borne disease. Since the consumers believe getting safe
29
water they will not be taking the precautions that they were taking prior to the project
implementation. Subsequently, any case of neglect/mistake in this aspect from the project
operators can result in serious consequences.
154. Mitigation Measure: The risks of contaminated water in the distribution system could be
mitigated by regular O&M of chlorinators; regular water quality monitoring of water in the
distribution system; immediate action in case of water quality problems; and training and
operational supervision of system staff.
Toxic Chemical Hazard
155. Impact: Chlorine and Bleaching Powder are toxic to humans. Ingestions, inhalations,
application to body parts, especially to such parts as eyes, nose, and mouths are of extreme hazard.
156. Mitigation Measure: Storage, in-plant handling and dosages of chlorine (bleaching powder)
will be monitored regularly and procedures set up and guidelines developed for its handling and first
aid measures to be introduced for emergencies, and training and operational supervision of system
staff.
Table 10: Evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impacts
Project Stage Anticipated
Impacts
Significance of the Impacts
Type Magnitude Duration
Beneficial Impacts
Construction Phase Generation of
employment
Local Moderate Temporary
Operation Phase Improvement in
Health and
Sanitation
Local Significant Permanent
Women
Empowerment
Local Small Permanent
Increment in local
economy and
commercial
activities
Local Moderate Permanent
Adverse Impacts
Pre-Construction
Phase
Damage to utility
lines, community
services and
infrastructure
Local Significant Permanent
Increased
Production of Waste
Water
Local Moderate Permanent
Inadequate disposal
of sludge from
reservoirs and
treatment plant
Local Significant Permanent
Source dispute and
water use conflicts
Local Small Temporary
Construction Phase Physical Environment
Air, water and noise
pollution
Regional Moderate Temporary
Impacts on Quarry
and Spoil disposal
site
Local Moderate Temporary
30
Project Stage Anticipated
Impacts
Significance of the Impacts
Type Magnitude Duration
Impacts due to Soil
erosion and possible
land surface
disturbances
Local Small Temporary
Biological Environment
Impacts due to
Forest clearance,
loss of vegetation
and wildlife habitat
Local Small Temporary
Possible Firewood
extraction and
Timber/NTFP
Exploitation
Local Small Temporary
Impacts due to
Hunting and
Poaching of Wild
life by workforce
Local Small Temporary
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Impacts on Land
acquisition,
Resettlement,
Relocation and
Compensation
No impact observed No impact observed No impact observed
Disturbances to
Community
activities
Local Moderate Temporary
Social Disputes and
Dissatisfaction
Local Small Temporary
Occupational health
and safety impact
Local Significant Temporary
Community Health
and Safety
Local Significant Temporary
Operation Phase Risk of
Contaminated water
in the distribution
system
Local Significant Permanent
Toxic Chemical
Hazard
Local Significant Permanent
Basis of the categorization of impacts:
157. Type: The impacts on the environment are limited to a small area around the point of the activity
which is classified as local. If the effect is anticipated to be in the whole region it is classified as
regional. If the effect can be felt beyond the boundaries of the country then it is classified as global.
158. Magnitude: If the effect is not so significant and minor it is classified as small. If it is highly
significant to cause a high degree of change, then it is classified as significant. Any effect that comes
in a middle range is termed as moderate.
159. Duration: If the effect does not last for a long time it is termed as temporary. If the effect is
recoverable after some time is termed as temporary.
31
Table 11: Mitigation measures, responsible agencies and cost required
Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)
Pre-Construction/Design Phase
Damage to utility lines, community
services and infrastructure
The location of project structures will avoid electric poles, power
supply structures and infrastructures
People will be notified and services restored as soon as possible to
overcome public inconvenience
Letter of approval and agreements will be obtained
DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC Included in
Design Cost
Risk from increased production of waste
water due to availability of increased water
supply
Design of drainage facilities and septage pumping facilities (from
latrines) to meet the new requirements
DSC Included in
Design Cost
Inadequate disposal of sludge from
reservoirs and treatment plant will cause
nuisance to properties
Design of sludge disposal from reservoir and identification of
appropriate locations.
DSC Included in
Design Cost
Source dispute and water use conflicts Consultation and agreement with water users groups DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC and
different water user groups
No extra cost
required
Construction Phase
Physical Environment
Air, water and noise pollution Dust suppression at the site will be done by sprinkling water at
regular intervals.
No equipment, which will produce heavy noise, will be used
Haphazard disposal of waste by workers will be monitored.
Leakage and disposal of oil and grease will be checked regularly
and repaired immediately if noticed.
Provision of green stickers vehicles
Contractor To be included in
BOQ
Impacts on Quarry and Spoil disposal site Unstable and erosion prone sites will be avoided and only
approved quarrying sites will be used
Quarrying activities from rivers/streams will not be done so as to
change the river cross sections and longitudinal profiles
Quarry site will be leveled to suit the local landscape after
extraction is complete
Dumping of excavated soil in outer side of trench opposite to
roadside and backfilling
Contractor To be included in
BOQ
32
Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)
Erosion and land surface disturbance Excavated soil will be placed against erosion
Reuse of excavated soil and backfilling of trenches will be done
As far as possible construction activities will be avoided in the
rainy season.
Temporary diversions and signboards will be provided for the
pedestrians
Contractor To be included in
BOQ
Biological Environment
Loss of vegetation The location of reservoir and route of the transmission line from
the intake at the stream to the storage tank has been planned to
avoid main forest.
CFUs will be supported in plantation
DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC/CFUGs 70,000
Possible Firewood extraction and
NTFP/Timber Exploitation, Hunting and
Poaching of Wild life
Use of fuel wood and timber collection will be prohibited
Illegal collection of NTFPs and trade will be prohibited.
LPG/kerosene will be provided to the workforce.
The local community will be encouraged with all required support
to control illegal hunting and poaching of wildlife and smuggling
of forest resources.
Awareness raising programmes will be organized to educate local
people in wild life preservation and forest conservation.
Contractor/DSC/CFUGs To be included in
BOQ/50,000
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Employment generation and increase in
income
Priority to local people particularly unprivileged group will be
given
On job training will be given whenever necessary
Contractor/DSC To be included in
BOQ/50,000
Disturbance to community activities Traffic Management Plan will be developed and work will be
conducted as quickly as possible to minimize disturbance
Residents will be consulted and informed about the disturbances in
advance
Contractor/DSC 25,000
Social dispute and dissatisfaction Local people will be given priority for the employment
All the workers will be instructed to act in a responsible manner
Awareness on ill effects of alcohol, gambling
Contractor No extra cost
required
Occupational Health and Safety Provide training to its workers on the potential occupational health
and safety impacts/hazards and mitigation measures to be used
during construction
Contractor To be included in
BOQ
33
Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)
First aid will be kept at hand in working area
Use of PPEs
General public will be excluded from all construction sites
Insurance will be provided to the workers
Community Health and Safety Required hygienic conditions will be maintained in the labor
camps.
Drinking water facility and temporary pit latrine will be
established at construction sites to control open defecation and
pollution of water bodies by the workers.
Awareness raising campaigns will be conducted related to
community health and safety to the local people
Contractor
DWSS/SSTWSSP/DSC
To be included in
BOQ
50,000
Operation and Maintenance Phase
Improvement in Health and Sanitation Regular operation and maintenance of the water supply and
sanitation system
WUSC/DWSS/Municipality No extra cost
required
Women empowerment Health and awareness raising programmes to the local people WUSC/Municipality 30,000
Increment in Local economy and
commercial activities
Regular supply of potable drinking water and sanitation facility WUSC/Municipality No extra cost
required
Risk of contaminated water in the
distribution system
Regular testing and maintenance of the aeration plant, pressure
filter and chlorinator and testing of residual chlorine will be done
on a routine basis and recorded
Regular water quality monitoring of water of the distribution
system
System staff will be trained and supervised
WUSC/DWSS 1,00,000
Toxic chemical hazard Usage, handling and storage of chlorine will be prescribed and
guidelines developed
First aid measures will be located in emergencies
WUSC/DWSS 50,000
34
CHAPTER V
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT
PROJECT SITUATIONS
160. The alternative analysis of the project in terms of project location, technology, implementation
procedures, and the raw materials used have been studied and analyzed. Similarly, comparison
between with and without project or the "No action option" also has been studied and analyzed.
5.1 Alternative in Project Location
161. Different project locations have been analyzed. Places for intake structures, reservoirs, and
treatment area are chosen so that there will be minimal impact in physical, biological and social
environment. Similarly pipe lines are aligned along the existing roads to achieve minimal impact.
Public opinion and interest have also been considered for locating each structure during field
observation visit of the project area.
5.2 Alternative in Technology, Implementation Procedure and Raw Materials
162. Most of the technologies proposed in the project are labor intensive. Minimum mechanical
equipments will be used during construction work. All major construction work will be done by labor
force without any mechanical equipment.
163. The working procedures proposed will be one of participatory process. For each and every
activities of the project, the beneficiaries have indicated to participate actively. The project has
awarded priority to use local raw materials as far as possible. Except for some mechanical equipment
necessary for pipe fitting, most of the construction materials will be local. The local raw materials
comprising steel and cement will be procured from the local market.
5.3 No Project Option
164. This analysis has also been done with and without project scenario. The implementation of the
proposed project will create substantial positive impacts on health and hygiene of people, public
environment and socio-economic status of the community. Provision of potable drinking water and
sanitation facilities will help to enhance the quality of life of the people. The project will also help to
create job opportunities at local level to considerable number of people. The implementation of the
proposed project will produce only negligible and insignificant environmental impacts; which can be
mitigated through the mobilization of local communities and resources.
165. On the other hand, if the project is not implemented, the people of the project area will have to
continue to suffer from inadequate water supply and of unsatisfactory quality.
35
CHAPTER VI
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND
PARTICIPATION
6.1 Public Consultation
166. In order to ensure public involvement, the following procedures have been followed for IEE
report preparation. For ease of comprehension, the activities outlined below were undertaken to
address public opinion towards the project.
167. Publication of notice- a 15 days public notice was published on January 9, 2013 in Rajdhani, a
national daily newspaper (Annex IV) seeking written opinion from concerned municipality, DDC,
schools, health posts and related local organizations. A copy of the public notice was also affixed in
the notice boards of the above mentioned organizations and deed of inquiry (muchulka) was collected
(Annex V)
168. IEE team conducted interaction meetings with the local communities and other concerned project
stakeholders comprising District Forest Office, District Water Supply and Sanitation Office, etc.
during field survey to collect the public concerns and suggestions (see Annex VI for meeting
minutes).
169. Draft IEE report was forwarded to Vyas Municipality for Public disclosure. Recommendation
letters were also obtained from Vyas municipality as given in Annex VII. A copy of Draft IEE will
also be kept in information centre of DDC, Tanahu for Public disclosure. After reviewing Draft IEE
report and incorporating the suggestions from the concerned stakeholders, this final IEE report has
been prepared and submitted to PMO for approval from MOUD.
Table 12: Summary of Public Consultation
Date Location Participants Issue raised
Male Female
2069/7/27 Vyas Municipality,
ward 11
122 30 Quality of river water and distributed water
Project duration
Cost of the project and loss
Proper drainage, sanitation and solid waste
management
6.2 Information Disclosure
170. A copy of final IEE will be kept at the information centre of Vyas municipality for public
disclosure. Information will also be disseminated through person to person contacts and interviews
and group discussions. Available institutions at the local level were informed through notice
distribution and pasting of notice on notice boards of the concerned municipality, school, health posts
and public places. The approved IEE report will be accessible to interested parties and general public
through websites of www.sstwsssp.gov.np. for the dissemination of information flow following
offices will be provided IEE report:
36
• District Technical Office, Tanahu • District Development Committee, • District Project Office, Tanahu • District Implementation Support Team, Tanahu • Vyas Municipality • Ministry of Urban Development • Asian Development Bank, Nepal Resident Mission
37
CHAPTER VII
GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM
171. The project aims to facilitate a grievance and redress mechanism to address the environmental
and social concern of the community who may be affected by the project activities. The proposed
project does not require resettlement of any community, and a Resettlement Plan that addresses the
Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is not necessary. However, all the stakeholders are to be made
aware of the project-specific GRM so that there is an appropriate channel of communication and a
formalized procedure to settle dispute.
172. The process requires a GRM committee to be established at the local level to assure accessibility
to the Affected Person or Stakeholder. The committee should consist of members with sufficient
knowledge about the project, with technical know-how and expertise and someone aware about the
socio-cultural dynamics of the community. The GRM requires that issues and comments are first
lodged with the local level GRM committee for handling of grievances at the project site. The GRM
committee should conduct their meeting within 3 weeks of receipt of complaint and solution need to
be provided at meeting or within 3 weeks.
173. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, the GRM committee needs to submit it to
the PMO. The PMO with assistance from the Environmental Specialist and WUSC experts should
resolve the grievance. If the grievance cannot be solved by the PMO, it will be referred to the
Municipality and district DWSS.
174. In case the district DWSS cannot solve the problem it will be referred to the relevant court of
law.
Figure 2: Grievance Redress Mechanism
Affected
Person
Municipality
GRM
Committee
PMO
WUSC Environmental and
Social Safeguard
Specialist
DWSS
Redress
Grievances
Court of Law
Grievance/ Complaint
38
CHAPTER VIII
MATTERS TO BE MONITORED DURING
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT
8.1 Mitigation and Monitoring
175. The environmental management plan (EMP) has been prepared to guide the implementation of
mitigation measures and monitoring requirements. It includes institutions and their roles,
environmental management activities, environmental management organizational structure and budget
for mitigation measures.
176. The EMP should be implemented in such a way that the contractor is monitored during the
construction phase (to see if the work is being done according to the contract documents where
mitigation measures are specified). The mitigation measures required is outlined in chapter IV of this
report. The EMP will require regular monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during project
operations over the years following project completion. The impacts that have been monitored will be
compared with the anticipated impacts at the time of the preparation of the project.
177. The following are the monitoring indicators during the construction and operation stages:
8.1.1 Construction Phase
178. Environmental Management Plan along with monitoring plan and associated cost during
Construction Phase are given below in Table 13
8.1.2 Operation Phase
179. Environmental Management Plan along with monitoring plan and associated cost during
Operation Phase are given below in Table 14
39
Table 13: Monitoring Plan and Cost during construction Phase
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
Physical Environment
Damage to utility lines,
community services
and infrastructure
Location of project
structures avoid electric
poles, power supply
structures and
infrastructures
People will be notified and
services restored as soon as
possible to overcome public
inconvenience
Letter of approval and
agreements will be obtained
Number of
infrastructures
damaged
Disagreements with
local people
Within project
construction
activities
Observation,
consultation with
local people
DWSS/SSTWSSSP Weekly
during
construction
No extra
cost
required
Air, water and noise
pollution
Dust suppression at the site
by sprinkling water at
regular intervals.
No equipment, which will
produce heavy noise will be
used
Haphazard disposal of
waste by workers will be
monitored. Leakage and
disposal of oil and grease
will be checked regularly
and repaired immediately if
noticed.
Dust problem within
the locality
Degradation of surface
and ground water
Noise levels
Areas within
construction
activities
Observation,
sprinkling of water;
DO, oil and grease,
turbidity etc. in
surface and ground
water;
Amount of noise
levels in dB
PMO/DSC Monthly 30,000
Impacts on Quarry and
Spoil disposal site
Avoiding unstable and
erosion prone sites
Quarrying activities from
rivers/streams will not be
Condition of quarry
sites
and spoil disposal sites
Quarry sites
and spoil
disposal sites
Observation DSC/WUSC Monthly No extra
cost
required
40
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
allowed so as to change the
river cross sections and
longitudinal profiles
Quarry site will be levelled
to suit the local landscape
after extraction is complete
Dumping of excavated soil
in outer side of trench
opposite to roadside and
backfilling
Erosion and land
surface disturbance
Excavated soil will be
placed against erosion
Reuse of excavated soil and
backfilling of trenches will
be done
As far as possible
construction activities will
be avoided in the rainy
season.
Temporary diversions and
signboards will be provided
for the pedestrians
Excavated soil reused,
Condition of land
exposed
Excavation
sites
Observation and
records on amount
of land excavated
and excavated soil
reused
DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra
cost
required
Biological Environment
Loss of vegetation The location of reservoirs
and route of the
transmission line from the
intake at the stream to the
storage tank has been
planned to avoid main
forest.
Amount of trees fell
and ground vegetation
cleared, Status of
community forest
Community
forest
Observation,
Consultation with
CFUGs
DFO/DSC Daily while
working
inside forest
area
No extra
cost
required
41
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
CFUs will be supported in
afforestation
Possible Firewood
extraction and
NTFP/Timber
Exploitation, Hunting
and Poaching of Wild
life
Use of fuel wood and
timber collection will be
prohibited
Illegal collection of NTFPs
and trade will be prohibited.
LPG/kerosene will be
provided to the workforce.
Encourage and support the
local community to control
illegal hunting and poaching
of wildlife and smuggling of
forest resources.
Awareness raising
programmes will be
organized to educate local
people in forest
conservation.
Amount of illegal
collection and harvest
of fuel wood, timber
and NTFP
Records on hunting
and poaching of
wildlife
Forest and
nearby project
area
Observation,
Records and
consultation with
local people and
CFUGs
DFO/DSC Monthly No extra
cost
required
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
Source dispute and
water use conflicts
Consultation and agreement
with water users groups
Agreements with
different water users
groups
Project area Consultation with
different water users
groups
DWSS/SSTWSSSP Once during
Design Phase
No extra
cost
required
Employment
generation and increase
in income
Priority to local people
On job training
Number of local
people employed
Number and
effectiveness of on job
training provided
Camp site Consultation with
local people,
employment records
PMO/DSC Monthly No extra
cost
required
Disturbance to
community activities
Traffic Management Plan
will be developed and work
Traffic disturbance
during construction
High traffic
areas
Observation and
Consultation with
DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra
cost
42
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
will be conducted as quickly
as possible to minimize
disturbance
Residents will be consulted
and informed about the
disturbances in advance
local people required
Social dispute and
dissatisfaction
Local people will be given
priority for the employment
All the workers will be
instructed to act in a
responsible manner
Prohibition of alcohol,
gambling
Number of conflicts
and social disputes
aroused
Construction
area
Observation,
Consultation with
local people
DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra
cost
required
Occupational Health
and Safety
Provide training to workers
on the potential
occupational health and
safety impacts/hazards and
mitigation measures to be
used during construction
First aid will be kept at hand
in working area
General public will be
excluded from all
construction sites
Insurance will be provided
to the workers
Use of occupational
health and safety
measures, first aid box
at camps and
construction sites,
insurance papers
Construction
sites and camp
sites
Observation and
consultation with
labors and local
people
PMO/DSC Weekly No extra
cost
required
Community Health and
Safety
Required hygienic
conditions will be
maintained in the labor
camps.
Hygienic condition of
the community and
labor camps
Community
and labor
camps
Observation DSC/WUSC Weekly No extra
cost
required
43
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
Drinking water facility and
temporary pit latrine will be
established at construction
sites to control open
defecation and pollution of
water bodies by the
workers.
Awareness related to
community health and
safety to the local people
Table 14: Monitoring Plan and Cost during Operation Phase
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
Improvement in
Health and Sanitation
Regular operation and
maintenance of the water
supply and sanitation system
Adequacy and
quality of water
supplied and
sanitation system
Users
committe,
individual hh
Consultation with local
people, site observation,
water quality test
DWSS/WUSC/
Municipality
Annually 10,000
Women
empowerment
Health and awareness raising
programmes
Number of
awareness
programs
launched
Women in the
community
Consultation with women
and different
groups/organizations
involved in women
empowerment
WUSC/
Municipality
Annually No extra
cost
required
Increment in Local
economy and
commercial activities
Regular supply of potable
drinking water and sanitation
facility
Increase in income
level, market
development etc.
Commercial
areas
Site observation, consultation
with local people
Municipality Annually No extra
cost
required
Risk of contaminated Regular testing and Quality of water Water supply Testing of water quality of DWSS/WUSC Monthly 25,000
44
Impacts/Project
Activities Monitoring Plan
Environmental
Impact
Mitigation Measures Parameters to be
Monitored
Location Measurements Responsibility Frequency Cost
water in the
distribution system
maintenance of the aeration
plant, pressure filter and
chlorinator and testing of
residual chlorine will be done
on a routine basis and
recorded
Regular water quality
monitoring of water of the
distribution system
System staff will be trained
and supervised
supplied from the
water supply
scheme
Trainings
provided to staffs
facility supplied drinking water
Records of training provided
to staffs
Toxic chemical
hazard
Usage, handling and storage
of chlorine will be prescribed
and guidelines developed
First aid measures will be
located in emergencies
Knowledge on
handling toxic
chemicals
including chlorine
Provision of First
aid measures
Water
Treatment
Plant
O&M manual.
O&M records
DWSS/WUSC Once in
Three
month
No extra
cost
required
45
8.2 Environmental Procedures and Institutions
180. Responsibility for environmental management associated with the proposed water supply project
involves a number of parties, each with specific responsibilities for particular activities. Main parties
responsible for the implementation of environmental safeguards measures prior to -, during – and
following - proposed water supply project are:
• MOUD • DWSS • SSTWSSSP • Project Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC) • Contractor – construction
181. Within this water supply sector, MOUD has the overall responsibility for ensuring whether
environmental safeguards are being respected.
182. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), as the main proponent, has the ultimate
responsibility for the supervision of proposed project including environmental safeguards to be fully
respected. Implementation of proposed water supply project in Vyas Municipality will be under the
responsibility of SSTWSSSP which will undertake responsibility including environmental assessment
(study) for the proposed project, provide advice related to environmental augmentation and
mitigation, for monitoring of the implementation in proposed project.
183. Design and Supervision consultant (DSC) has prepared final detail designs of the proposed water
supply scheme, conducted necessary environmental study, and ensures that EMAP recommendations
are incorporated in the design. DSC will also oversee entire activities of proposed water supply
project including day to day supervision of construction undertaken by the contractor, making sure
environmental safeguards fully respected as a part of constructions. This will ensure full compliance
of all aspects of work related to EMAP specifications by the contractor, with reporting direct to
SSTWSSSP and DWSS.
184. Construction contractor will be responsible for undertaking all project works assigned to him in
accordance with contract document, including specified conditions in EMAP. Consultant contractor
will prepare an Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) before the work starts and get it
approved. Contractor will work closely with the supervising consultant in order to ensure that
proposed water supply project works are undertaken according to EMAP specified standards.
185. The DWSS and MOUD will evaluate the monitoring results, as and when necessary. The Project
intends to invite an independent monitoring team to safeguard its environmental image. The
environmental agencies will have a number of opportunities to visit and monitor the Project activities
as a part of compliance monitoring. Hence, environmental monitoring is an additional commitment of
the Proponent to best implement the mitigation measures and make the project environment-friendly.
DWSS staff will work alongside with the construction and operation personnel to ensure that the
measures and requirements outlined in the EMP are carried out effectively.
46
MOUD
• District Forest Office • District Agriculture
Office • District Irrigation Office
• CFC • CDO • DDC/Municipality • District Survey Office • Local consultative Forum
(LCF)
DWSS
SSTWSSSP
Consultant
Contractors
NGOs/CBO
Figure 3: Organization of EMP
8.3 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures
186. Potential Environmental enhancement measures required for this project are Enhancement of
Community Development Services, Women Empowerment, use of local labor and their Skill
enhancement, Enterprise development and business promotion, Appreciation of land value and
Support to Community forests. Mitigation measures for these enhancement measures are already
mentioned in chapter IV. DWSS will be responsible for monitoring with incorporation of Potential
Environmental Enhancement Measures for the Project.
8.4 Reporting Procedure
187. It is necessary to have a mechanism in order to put together the entire mitigation operation plus
the reports on progress and status of all mitigation activities undertaken in the project.
188. The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented during
construction. The contractor will develop in consultation with supervision consultant an
Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) based on the EMP provided in the IEE report. The
contractor shall report weekly about the progress of work with safeguard compliances to the
supervision consultant.
189. The supervision consultant then shall ensure that all the procedures and mitigation measures are
being compiled by the contractor. The supervision consultant shall be responsible to check the weekly
progress report of the contractor and conduct field verification to ensure if the mitigation measures as
designed in EMEP are being implemented.
47
190. The supervision consultant shall prepare an environmental monitoring section to be inserted in
the monthly and routine periodic reports based on the weekly status report. The Environmental
Specialist of the PMO will review the status and recommendations and act accordingly to take
corrective measures.
191. Routine progress reports, including biannual and annual reports on the implementation of EMP
will be produced by the PMO on a regular basis and submit to ADB for review. The report should
contain information of all the activities conducted within the given time including the non-
compliances and any corrective measures undertaken.
8.5 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates
192. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates will be prepared including mitigation measures and EMP
as mentioned in this IEE report. This will make contractors and other stakeholders responsible for
adopting mitigation measures as mentioned in this reoprt.
193. Most of the costs related to the mitigation and monitoring activities are either included in the
construction cost estimates in accordance with the contract specification or covered in the operation
and maintenance costs and thus are not detailed here.
194. Further funds are needed mainly for developing the capacity and facilities of the WUSC for
environmental monitoring and for conducting environmental training and awareness campaigns. The
estimate is presented in table 15.
Table 15: Annual Environmental Cost
S.N Activities Estimated Cost
(NRs.)
Remarks
1 Training for WUSC staff 20,000 During operation period
2 Environmental Awareness
Campaigns
50,000 During construction and operation
periods
Total 70,000
8.6 Work Plan
195. The agencies responsible, period and frequency of monitoring for the implementation of the
required mitigation measures have been outlined in the above sections with consolidated summary
below.
196. During the design phase PMO and the consultant should see that mitigation measures are
included in the design and contract documents in compliance with Environment Protection Act and
Regulations.
197. During the construction phase the parties involved should see that all mitigation measures and
precautions that are required to be taken by the contractor are written explicitly SPSC and WUSC
shall be responsible to see that works carried out by the contractor are according to the contract
documents and mitigation measures are taken accordingly with the overall guidance of the DWSO
and the PMO.
198. During the operation phase, DWSO, and WUSC should monitor the system for leakage, water
quality, pump maintenance and disease outbreak etc. and prepare a monthly report should be sent to
DWSS via the Regional Directorate.
199. If impacts other than those mentioned in the report are observed, they shall be mitigated at the
project cost.
48
200. Following table shows the proposed implementation schedule for the project:
Table 16: Project implementation schedule
49
CHAPTER IX
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
201. It is expected that the planned water supply and sanitation project for Vyas Municipality will
have only minor adverse impacts on the environment which can be easily and cheaply mitigated
through adequate mitigation measures and regular monitoring during the design, construction and
operation phases.
202. Due to this Project, there will be significant improvement in personal, household and community
hygiene practices, and environmental sanitation thereby increasing the quality of life and community
health.
203. From this IEE, it can be seen that no adverse or harmful impacts of any significance are expected
and hence a full scale EIA is not required. The project falls under Category B (no major
environmental impacts expected) for which only an IEE is required.
204. Hence the project is recommended along with implementation of mitigation measures and
management framework mentioned in this IEE report.
50
REFERENCES
ADB (2003): Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Asian Development Bank
ADB (2009): Safeguard Policy Statement. Asian Development Bank
HMG/N (1996): Environmental Protection Act (with amendments). His Majesty‟s Government of
Nepal
HMG/N (1997): Environmental Protection Rules (with amendments). His Majesty‟s Government of
Nepal
Draft Detailed Design Report of Vyas Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Tanahu (Batch II,
Package II).
Initial Environmenal Examination (IEE) Report on Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Project, Phidim
Initial Environmenal Examination (IEE) Report on Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Project, Phidim
National EIA Guidelines 2050 B.S.
Uprety, B. K. 2003: Environmental Impact Assessment: Process and Practice.
www.lawcommission.gov.np
Annexes
Annex I: Approved TOR
Annex II: REA Checklist
Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is
to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.
(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are
adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.
(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential
impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: Sector Division:
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
A. Project Siting Is the project area…
Densely populated? √ The project area consists of dense settlements with total of 2238 households
Heavy with development activities?
√ The service area of the project has urban setting with development activities
Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?
• Cultural heritage site
√ There are no remarkable cultural heritage sites except few newly constructed temples and Vyas cave near project area. The project activity does not have any impact on these sites
• Protected Area
√ There are no environmentally sensitive areas within the project area
• Wetland
√
• Mangrove
√
• Estuarine
√
• Buffer zone of protected area
√
• Special area for protecting biodiversity
√
Vyas Small Town Water Supply Project
Water Supply and Sanitation
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
• Bay
√
B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…
pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and soil erosion runoff?
√
impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?
√
hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water pumping?
√ The project does not include ground water extraction
social conflicts arising from displacement of communities ?
√ No any communities will be displaced due to project
conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters?
√ Madi river has sufficient water quantity
unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)?
√ The raw water quality in the area will be treated to meets the National Drinking Water Quality Standards.
delivery of unsafe water to distribution system?
√ Treated water will be supplied which will be under NDWQS
inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to pollution of water supply?
√ The subproject includes fencing and other protection works of water intakes to prevent pollution of water supply, and will be accessible only to authorized persons. The water will also be regularly monitored to ensure only treated water is distributed.
over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?
√
excessive algal growth in storage reservoir?
√ Storage reservoirs are only for treated water. The water will be chlorinated and the reservoirs covered to prevent algal growth
increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of community facilities?
√ Only manageable amount of sludge will be generated
inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants?
√ Disposal of sludge to be done at designated sites as per the EMP.
inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and protect facilities?
√ Adequate amount of buffer zone along with plantation has been designed around treatment plants. submersible pumps and noiseless generators will be used
impairments associated with transmission lines and access roads?
√ Expected during pipe-relaying but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Good construction practices to mitigate transmission line impairments and to be specified in the EMP. A section-wise approach will also limit impairments to traffic and businesses during construction.
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals.
√ Handling of hazardous materials associated with treatment facilities addressed in the EMP. O&M manual will specifically deal with the handling and storage of chlorine.
health and safety hazards to workers from handling and management of chlorine used for disinfection, other contaminants, and biological and physical hazards during project construction and operation?
√ Personal protective equipment will be provided to workers. Regular training will also be conducted to ensure that workers are aware of the health hazards of chemicals. O&M manual will be developed which will specifically deal with the handling and storage of chlorine and emergency response.
dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?
√ No any dislocation or involuntary resettlement is required for the project
disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?
√ The subproject will not affect indigenous peoples or other vulnerable groups. It will be beneficial to women and children as water will be available in their home and fetching water will no more be a problem. The contractor will be encouraged to hire local workers from the local labor force.
noise and dust from construction activities?
√ Expected but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Good construction practices to mitigate noise and dust and to be specified in the EMP.
increased road traffic due to interference of construction activities?
√ Expected but impacts will be temporary and short in duration. Traffic management plan to form part of the EMP
continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations?
√ Good construction practices to mitigate soil erosion and silt runoff and to be specified in the EMP.
delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems?
√ Any distributed water to comply with the National Drinking Water Quality Standards and addressed in the EMP
delivery of water to distribution system, which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals?
√ The O&M manuals will include maintenance schedules and monitoring program.
accidental leakage of chlorine gas?
√ Not applicable as calcium hypochlorite will be used in the chlorination process and chlorine gas will not be used.
excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users?
√ Only sustainable amount (around 50%) of surface water will be diverted for project
competing uses of water? √ No competing users are noticed
increased sewage flow due to increased water supply
√ Sewage flow will be increased but within normal range
increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment plant
√ Sullage and sludge will be increased but within normal range
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?
√ Priority in employment will be given to local residents. Construction contractors will be required to provide a worker’s camp, if required, with basic facilities.
social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?
√ Priority in employment will be given to local residents.
risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction?
√ Construction will not involve use of explosives and chemicals. Trenching will be done manually.
community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?
√ Construction areas will be clearly demarcated and access controlled. Only workers and project staff will be allowed to visit operational sites.
* Hazards are potentially damaging physical events
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.
Yes No Remarks
• Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)?
√ Not applicable
Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (e.g., changes in rainfall patterns disrupt reliability of water supply; sea level rise creates salinity intrusion into proposed water supply source)?
√ Not applicable
Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g.,high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?
√ Not applicable
Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by using water from a vulnerable source that is relied upon by many user groups, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?
√ Not applicable
Annex III: Location Map
Annex IV: Public Notice
Annex V: Deed of Inquiry
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Annex VI: Minutes of Public Consultation
Annex VII: Recommendation Letter
Annex VIII: Survey Questionnaire
Annex IX: Water Quality Test Reports