* 6 Week industrial Training Presentation

AT

400/220/132KV SUB-STATION,SULTANPUR

Mayank mishraEE-final year0906520016

ELECTRICAL SUB-STATIONS

INTRODUCTION

Electric power is generated in Generating Stations. The voltage at which

the power is generated in generating stations lies between 11KV to 33KV. This

voltage is not suitable for bulk power transmission over long distances as it results in

increased transmission line losses.

For reduces these losses the generated terminal voltage is stepped up to

Transmission Voltage (Say, 132K.V./ 220 K.V. /400 K.V. and 765kv).

Sultanpur UPPCL substion

Sultanpur UPPCL sub-station is completed during 1973-1974. This is a 400kv substation in ASIA. The whole sub-station is divided in three parts 400kv,220kv and 132kv switchyard.For 132kv & 220kv swithyard a common control room is used and for 400kv switchyard a separate control room used.

400kv switchyard

ICT-1st – Obra to 400kv sultanpur receive supply

ICT-2nd – Anpra to 400kv sultanpur receive supply

ICT-3rd – 400kv sultanpur to lucknow sending supply

220kv switchyard

NTPC Tanda to 220kv substation sultanpur

phulpur Allahabad to 220kv substation sultapur

132kv switchyard

220kv are reduced to 132kv by 40MVA transformer and give supply to the

Pratapgarh

Transformer :-Substation bus (rigid or strain bus) :-Switches (Vertical, side, center, double, etc. break):- Switchgear :-Bus Support Insulators :-Suspension insulators :-Wave Trapper:-Lightning Arresters :-Circuit Breakers :- Isolators:- Current transformers:- Potential Transformers:- Capacitors Bank:-Other :-

MAIN EQUIPMENTS OF SUB STATION

 A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductor-the transformer coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. The varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF)or voltage in the secondary winding . this effect is called mutual induction.The rating of transformer is 240MVA which installed in 400kv switchyard which converted to 400kv into 220kv.

 

TRANSFORMER

Cooling system ONAN

Conservator tank

H.V bushing C.T

L.V bushing CTs

• We use cooling fans for forced air cooling of transformer.Total six fans are use for each 100MVA transformer and total eight fan use for 240MVA transformer. But all fans never start at same time. It start in apair.

COOLING FANS

Fogging near transformer due to fire operation protection system

#Wave trap are used in power system for carrier communication. #It trap the higher frequency above 50Hz. #It is the effort to utilize the same transmission line between two substation for the purpose of communications

WAVE TAPPER

LIGHTHNING ARRESTOR

The overvoltage protection is

obtained by the use

of lightning / surge arresters.

Lightning Arresters or Surge Arresters

are always connected in Shunt to the

equipment to be protected, they

provide a low impedance path for

the surge current to the ground.

Mostly in present days zinc oxide (ZnO)

gapless arresters are in use.

Circuit Breaker

A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch.

In Simple Words, A C.B is an equipment which can open/close a circuit under all conditions i.e. no load, full load, fault conditions.

ISOLATOR

A disconnector or isolator switch is used to make sure that an electrical circuit can be completely de-energized for service or maintenance

.

Earthing Switch Is Used To Discharge The Voltage On The Circuit To Earth For SafetyHigh voltage electrical isolation switches are used to allow in electrical substation to allow the isolation of apparatus such as circuit breaker,transformer and transmission line for maintenance.

Current Transformers A current transformer (CT) is used for the measurement of electric currents.

When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be connected to measuring and recording instruments.

Capacitor banks can improve the power factor if the load is leading, which is unusual. Typically in substations capacitor banks are employed to reduce over voltage.

Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve the quality of the electrical supply and the efficient operation of the power system and provide capacitive reactive compensation and power factor correction.

CAPACITOR BANK

#Shunt Reactor is a thyristor controlled high impedance transformer.

#A stable bus voltage can be maintained by providing variable reactive power based on the bus voltage deviations due to the load variations#.

SHUNT REACTOR

#A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step-down extra high voltage signals and provide low voltage signals either for measurement or to operate a protective relay.

#The device has at least four terminals, a high-voltage terminal a ground terminal and at least one set of secondary terminals. #CVTs are typically single-phase devices

CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

VIEW OF CONTROL PANEL

EARTHING SYSTEM

Purpose of earthing……

Safety of the living beings around the vicinty of the substation

Proper functioning of the protection system under fault condition

To limit the touch and step potential within tolerable limits

Thank you