400kv substation.pptx

7/16/2019 400kv substation.pptx

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A REPORT

ON

SUBSTATION LAYOUT AND ACCESSORIES

&

BUSBAR ARRANGEMENT

BY:-

AMIT KUMAR SINGHNEJAMUL HOQUEHEMENDRA KUMARRAJPUT

SUB. TO:-Mr. S P JAISWAL



CONTENTS

Part A : “SUBSTATION LAYOUT• S!"#$% $!"% !a#ra' S()*tat!+" S,!t/ar A%**+r!%*• L!#t"!"# Arr%*t+r• C0T• Eart!"# *,!t

• Wa1% tra2• I*+$at+r• C(rr%"t tra"*3+r'%r• C!r(!t Br%a4%r• P+,%r Tra"*3+r'%r

• C(rr%"t tra"*3+r'%r• R%at+r* a" a2a!t+r*• Ot%r S,!t/ar E5(!2'%"t*



• PLCC

• SCADA

PART B: “BUSBAR ARRANGEMENT S!"#$% )(* */*t%'

S!"#$% )(* */*t%' ,!t )(* *%t!+"a$!6%r

D+()$% )(* */*t%'

D+()$% )r%a4%r )(* */*t%'

O"% a" a a$3 )r%a4%r )(* */*t%' Ma!" a" tra"*3%r )(* */*t%'

D+()$% )(* */*t%' ,!t )/2a** !*+$at+r

R!"# 'a!" )(* */*t%'



PART-

ASWITCHYARDLAYOUTING



CLASSI7ICATION O7 SUBSTATIONS

• Based on workingI. Generating substation (step up s/s)

II. Grid substation

III. Switching substation

IV. Secondary substation -- a) sub transission!o"tage

b) priarydistribution c) distribution

substation

•. Based on structureI. #utdoor con!entiona" air insu"ated substation ($IS)

II. Indoor substation

III. %opressed air insu"atedIV. G I S



SI&G' 'I& I$G*$+



LIGHTNINGARRESTOR

$ $!#t"!"# arr%*t%r is a de!ice used on e"ectrica" power

systes to protect the insu"ation on the syste ro the daagingeect o "ightning.

+eta" oide !aristors (+#Vs) ha!e been used or power systeprotection since the id 0123s.

4he typica" "ightning arrester a"so known as surge arrester has ahigh !o"tage terina" and a ground terina".

Current from the surge is diverted around the protected insulation in most cases

to earth.



PICTURES O7 SURGE DI0ERTER8LIGHTNING ARRESTOR9



C0T

Ca2a!t+r 0+$ta#% Tra"*3+r'%r (%V4)5Ca2a!ta"% C+(2$% 0+$ta#%Tra"*3+r'%r(%%V4)

o 4o step down etra high !o"tage signa"sand pro!ide a "ow !o"tage .o 6or easureent or to operatea protecti!e re"ay.



EARTHING SWITCH

•arth Switch is used todischarge the !o"tage on thecircuit to the earth or saety.

•arth switch is ounted on therae o the iso"ators.•It is "ocated or each incoertransission "ine and each sideo the busbar section.



8WA0E TRAP9

%onnected in series with the power (transission) "ine. It b"ocks the high re7uency carrier wa!es (89 ;< to=33 ;<) and "et power wa!es (=3 ;< - >3 ;<) to passthrough. It is basica""y an inductor o rating in +i""i henry (appro0 i""i ;enry or 883 V 08=3 $p.).It has three ain coponents:- 0. +ain coi".8. 4uning e!ice.?. 'ightning $rrestor.



ISOLATOR

• D!*+""%t+r or I*+$at+r*,!t is used to ake surethat an e"ectrica" circuit can becop"ete"y de-energised or

ser!ice or aintenance.

• Iso"ator is an of-load de!ice.

• 4ypes o Iso"ators are0. %entra" rotating5 hori<onta"swing8. %entre-Break?. Vertica" swing9. @antograph type



CURRENT TRANS7ORMER

C(rr%"t tra"*3+r'%r* ar%(*% 3+r St%22!"# +,"(rr%"t 3+r '%a*(r%'%"t

2r+t%t!+" a" +"tr+$.

C(rr%"t tra"*3+r'%r* ar% +3t,+ t/2%*

;. Pr+t%t!1% CT<. M%a*(r!"# CT



%I*%AI4 B*$*S

$ C!r(!t )r%a4%r is an autoatica""y operated e"ectrica"switch designed to protect an e"ectrica" circuit ro daagecaused by o!er"oad or short circuit. Its basic unction is todetect a au"t condition and5 by interrupting continuity5 toiediate"y discontinue e"ectrica" ow.

All circuit breakers have common features in their operation, althoughdetails vary substantially depending on the voltage class,

current rating and type of the circuit breaker.

Once a fault is detected, contacts within the circuit breaker must open tointerrupt the circuit.

Small circuit breakers may be manually operated; larger units

have solenoids to trip the mechanism, and electric motors to restore energy

to the springs.





Different techniues are used to e!tinguish the arc: Lengthening / deflection of the arc

: Intensive cooling (in jet chambers)

: Division into partial arcs : Zero point uenching

: Connecting capacitors in parallel !ith contacts in DC circuits

;igh-!o"tage breakers are broad"y c"assiCedby the ediu used to etinguish the arc

•"ul# oil•$inimum oil

•%ir blast•&acuum

•'



BUSBAR

Busbars recei!epower ro incoingcircuits and de"i!erpower to outgoingcircuits.



POWER TRANS7ORMERS

@ower 4ransorers are used to step up or stepdown a.c. !o"tages and to transer e"ectrica"power ro one !o"tage "e!e" to another.



S;A&4 *$%4#*S

• Shunt *eactors are used or "ong ;V transission "ines tocontro" !o"tage during "ow D "oad period.

• Shunt reactors is a"so used to copensate shuntcapacitance o transission "ine during "ow "oad periods.

• Asua""y Shunt reactors are unswitched.



SEREIS REACTORS

Series reactors areused to "iit short D

circuit current and to"iit current surgesassociated withuctuating "oads.

• Series reactors are"ocated at the strategic"ocations such that theau"t "e!e"s are reduced.



SHUNT CAPACITORS

• Shunt capacitors are used or copensating reacti!e power

o LP7.

• 4hey are used or ipro!ing the power actor. It is a"so usedor !o"tage contro" during hea!y "agging power actor "oads.

• 4hey are "ocated at the recei!ing stations and distributionsubstations.

• 4hey are switched on during hea!y "oads and switched oduring "ow "oads.



SERIES CAPACITOR

• Series %apacitors are used or soe "ong ;V a.c. "ines toipro!e power transerabi"ity.

• 4hey "ocated at the sending end / recei!ing end o the "ines.

• 4hey are pro!ided with by pass circuit breaker and

protecti!e spark Dgaps.



NEUTRAL GROUNDINGEQUIPMENT

•&eutra" Grounding7uipent are *esistors and

reactors.• 4hey are used to "iit theshort circuit current duringground au"t.• 4hey are connectedbetween neutra" point andground.



#4;* SEI4%;Y$* FAI@+&4S

. +$*S;$''I&G I#SS

. S4$4I#& $*4;I&G SYS4+

. @#E* %$B'S

. %#&4*#' %$B'S

. I&SA'$4#*S

. +4*I&G5 *'$Y $& %#&4*#'

@$&'. SA@@'Y SYS4+



PLCC is ain"y used or te"ecounication5 te"e-protection andte"e-onitoring between e"ectrica" substations through power "ines

at high !o"tages5 such as 003 k!5 883 k!5 933 k!.

4he !oice signa" is con!erted/copressed into the ?33 ;< to9333 ;< range.

It !* 4"+," a* :- P+,%r $!"% D!#!ta$ S()*r!)%rL!"% (PDSL)

'a!"* +''("!at!+" 2+,%r $!"% t%$%+' (PLT) 2+,%r $!"% "%t,+r4!"# (PLN) Br+a)a" +1%r P+,%r L!"%*

(BPL)

POWER LINE CARRIERCOMMUNICATION



WHAT IS SCADA ?

• S%$$ stands or Super!isory %ontro" $ndata $c7uisition.

• It is not a u"" contro" syste5 but ratherocuses on the super!isory "e!e".

• It is a pure"y sotware package that ispositioned on top o hardware to which it isinteraced. ( !ia @rograab"e 'ogic%ontro""ers(@'%s)) .



4he S%$$ systes are arranged to peror theo""owing tasks.

ata %o""ection (ata $c7uisition) ata transission (te"eetry) Scanning5 Indication5 +onitoring5 'ogging.

%ontro" and indication. nsure se7uentia" e!ents. ata presentation5 disp"ay5 reporting

ecution o operating5 coands:on/o5raise/"ower.

&etwork super!ision5 a"ars and reportany uncoon change o state.



PART B

BUS BARARRANGEMENT



CONDUCTOR USED FOR BUSES

• $"" $"uinu conductor ($$%)

• $"" $"uinu a""oy conductor ($$$%)

• $"uinu conductor with a"uinu a""oyreinorced ($%$*)

• $"uinu conductor with stee" reinorced($%S*)



SINGLE BUS SYATEM

A1a"ta#%*:;.S!'2$% !" D%*!#"<.L%** E=2%"!t(r%

D!*a1a"ta#%*:;.I" a*% +3 )(* 3a($t +r )(* )ar !*+$at+r 3a($t +r'a!"t%"a"% t+ta$ S()*tat!+" !* +(t +3 *%r1!%.<.I" a*% +3 'a!"t%"a"% +3 tra"*3+r'%r !r(!t)r%a4%r t% a**+!at% tra"*3+r'%r a* a$*+ t+ )%*(t-+,". S!'!$ar$/ 3+r L!"% a$*+.



SINGLE BUS WITH BUSSECTIONALISER

A1a"ta#%*:0. #ne cop"ete section can betaken out or +aintenance withoutdisturbing the continuity o othersection.8. I a au"t occurs on one section othe Bus5 that au"ty section a"onewi"" be iso"ated.

D!*a1a"ta#%*:It wi"" be a "itt"e ore cost"y with the addition o one iso"ator andsoe cases with %ircuit breaker5 %.4s and %H* pane".



DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM

A1a"ta#%*:: oub"e Bus Bar $rrangeentincreases the eibi"ity o syste.

D!*a1a"ta#%*::4he arrangeent does not perit breakeraintenance with out interruption.



DOUBLE BREAKER BUSSYSTEM

A1a"ta#%*: 4here is no need o bus coup"er asbecause the operation is done bybreakers instead o iso"ator

D!*a1a"ta#%*:+ost epensi!e as it in!o"!es additiona"

breaker5 %4 Iso"ators etc or eachcircuit.



ONE AND A HAL7 BREAKER BUSSYSTEM

A1a"ta#%*:uring any au"t on any one o the buses5 that au"ty bus wi"" bec"eared instant"y without interrupting any eeders in the systesince a"" eeders wi"" continue to eed ro other hea"thy bus.

D!*a1a"ta#%*: 4his schee is uch epensi!e due toin!estent or third breaker.



MAIN AND TRANS7ER BUSSYSTEM

S,!t!"# +2%rat!+":0.6irst c"ose the iso"ators at both sideo the bus coup"er breaker.8. 4hen c"ose the bypass iso"ator o theeeder which is to be transerred totranser bus.

?. &ow energi<ed the transer bus byc"osing the bus coup"er circuit breakerro reote.

9.$ter bus coup"er breaker is c"osed5 now the power ro ain busows to the eeder "ine through its ain breaker as we"" as buscoup"er breaker !iatranser bus.=. &ow i ain breaker o the eeder is switched o5 tota" powerow wi"" instantaneous"y shit to the bus coup"er breaker and hencethis breaker wi"" ser!e the purpose o protection or the eeder.>. $t "ast the operating personne" open the iso"ators at both sides

o the ain circuit breaker to ake it iso"ated ro rest o the "i!esyste.



DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM WITHBYPASS ISOLATOR

A1a"ta#%*:It perits breaker aintenance withoutinterruption o power which is not possib"ein doub"e bus syste but it pro!ides a""the ad!antages o doub"e bus syste.

D!*a1a"ta#%*:It howe!er re7uires one additiona" iso"ator (bypass iso"ator) oreach eeder circuit and introduces s"ight cop"ication insyste "ayout.



RING BUS SYSTEM

A1a"ta#%*:It pro!ides a doub"e eed to each eedercircuit5 opening one breaker underaintenance or otherwise does notaect supp"y to any eeder. But thissyste has two aor disad!antages.

0. 6"eibi"ity or breaker aintenance8. ach breaker reo!ab"e without

disconnecting "oad?. #n"y one breaker needed per branch59. ach branch connected to network by two

breakers=. $"" change-o!er switching done with

circuit-breakers H hence eib"e.



THANK YOU

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400kv substation.pptx