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. 4 W ha t d oe s un r e li a b l e m e a n1 . 5 D e s c r i b e m e d i a . 6 W h a t p o r ti o n of t h e

IP .1 What a re th ree methods o f .2 What a re the 3 main i s suesAddress ManagementWhat is a networkbroadcast?A broadcast is a message sent from one hostto all other hosts

on the network.What is broadcast domain?The network area in which all hosts receivebroadcastsIs it good or bad

to increasethe number of broadcastdomains in your network?Good5 . 2 . 3 W h a t i s t h e

m a j o r advantage of dividingnetworks by ownership?access to and from resources outside eachnetwork can beprohibited, allowed, or monitored5 .2 .4 Wh at e f f i c i en cy do es dividing large networks intoseparate

networks provideto the hosts?hosts who need to communicate are groupedtogether reduces the unnecessary

overhead of all hosts needing to know all addresses.What is the device calledthat hosts send informationto thatmust travel outsidetheir network?Gateway5. 2. 5 W ha t is hi er ar ch ic al addressing?A hierarchical

address uniquely identifies eachhost. It also has levels that assist in forwardingpackets across internetworks, which

enables anetwork to be divided based on those levels.What is the examplepresented that describeshierarchicaladdressing inour daily lives?Zip codes and house addresses5.2 . 5 Ho w ma ny b i ts are in a nIPv4

address?32How is the ip addressdivided?IPv4 addresses are divided in four groups of eight bits (octets)What

portion of the IPaddress does a router use?Network5. 3. 1 Wh at is th e act ua l ad dr es sused for a

default gateway?The router interface IP address at the edge of the network.What is the route that therouter

forwards a packet tocalled?Next-hop address5 .3. 2 Wh at de ci si o ns d o r ou t er s make as a packetenters aninterface?Is the network directly connected or not. Yesforward to that network. No forward to thenext-

hop router.5 . 3 . 3 How i s t h e d ef au l t ga t ewa yconfigured on a hostrunning windows?On aWindows computer, the Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) Properties tools are used to enter thedefault gateway IPv4

addressWhat portion of the IPaddress must be the samefor the host and gateway?Network and

Subnetwork5.3.3.2What command is issued atthe command prompt ofipconfig


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windows to see the defaultgateway setting?5.3.3.3What is it called when arouter makesforwardingdecisions?RoutingWhat is the map called thata router uses to makeforwarding decisions (Hint:look at

the figure)?Routing Table5.3.4 What does a routing tablecontain?The routing table stores

information aboutconnected and remote networks.What are the 3 mainfeatures of routes in arouting

table?Destination networkNext-hopMetricWhat happens if the packetdoes not have an addresscontained in theroutingtable?The packet is droppedWhat is a default route usedfor?The default route is used when the

destinationnetwork is not represented by any other routein the routing table.5.3.4.2What is the command toview

the routing table for ahost?NetstatWhat is the destinationnetwork IP address andsubnet mask for thedefaultnetwork interface?0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0What three commands arelisted that allow you tochange the routing

table?route ADDroute DELETEroute CHANGE5 .3 .5 Wha t do es t h e ad d re s s in the routing table

represent?represents a range of host addresses andsometimes a range of network and hostaddressesIf more thanone routeexists in the routing table for an address, which one willbe selected?The route that is most specific for that

IPaddress5.3.5.2When is the default routeused?When the IP address does not match anyother entry in the routing

table5 .3 .6 What i s the nex t -hop? the address of the device that will process thepacket nextWhy does

a directlyconnected device not havea next-hop?There are no intermediary devices and thepacket is directly

forwarded5.3.7.1What are the threedecisions a router can makeabout a packet?Forward it to the next-hoprouter Forward it to the destination hostDrop itWhich layer does a router 3


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process packets at?What layer is the packetencapsulated at before itleaves the router?Data Link Layer25.3.7.2What is another name for adefault gateway?Gateway of last resortWhy would a packet take adifferent

route than another packet that is part of thesame data stream?Rotuers may learn a new path betweenpacketsWhy

are default routes soimportant to routers?because the gateway router is not likely tohave a route to every possible

network on theInternet.5.3.7.3What happens if a router has not route for the packetand does not have adefaultroute?The packet is droppedWhydoesnt IP have error notification?It would reduce efficiency and add

overhead5. 4. 1 Wh at do es a ro ut er ne ed to forward a packet?Next-hopWhat happens if

routingtable are not up to date?that packets may not be forwarded to the mostappropriate next-hop, causing delaysor packetlossWhat are two ways a router can learn about routes?route information can be manually configuredon

the router or learned dynamically from other routers in the same internetwork5 .4 .2 Wh a t i s a s t a t i c

rou te? A manually configured routeWhat must be done if theinternetwork changes?Static routes must bereconfigured5 .4 .3 What i s t he d e f i n i t i on of adynamic routing protocol?set of rules by which

routers dynamically sharetheir routing informationWhat happens when arouter receives informationabout changes

in routes?It updates its routing tableWhat are 3 common routingprotocols?Routing Information Protocol

(RIP)Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP)Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)What are the 2 costs

listedwith using a dynamicprotocol?Overhead that consumes network bandwidthProcessing capacitynecessaryWhat advantages are listedfor static routing?No network overhead producedNo processing capacity

usedAdministrative distance is configured to ensureefficient and effective routing


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