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NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 1NTT DOCOMO Confidential
3GPP LTE Enhancements and 5G
Satoshi NagataNTT DOCOMO, INC.
3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 Chairman
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 2NTT DOCOMO Confidential
3GPP LTE Enhancements
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 3NTT DOCOMO Confidential
Release of 3GPP specifications
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Release 99
Release 4
Release 5
Release 6
1.28Mcps TDD
HSDPA
W-CDMA
HSUPA, MBMS
2006 2007 2008 2009
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)
Release 8
2010 2011
LTE
Release 9
Release 10
Minor LTE enhancements
2012 2013
Release 11
ITU-R M.1457IMT-2000 Recommendation
LTE-AdvancedITU-R M.2012IMT-Advanced
Recommendation
2014
Release 12
To be frozen in Sep. 2014
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 4NTT DOCOMO Confidential
• Wider bandwidth (carrier aggregation)– To improve peak data rate and spectrum flexibility– To meet ITU-R requirements for bandwidth (>=40 MHz)– Spectrum/carrier aggregation based on component carrier (CC) concept to maintain backward
compatibility and allow smooth network migration
• Advanced MIMO techniques– To improve peak data rate and cell/cell-edge spectrum efficiency– To meet ITU-R requirements for DL cell spectrum efficiency– SU-MIMO with up to 8-layers for DL and 4-layers for UL– MU-MIMO with enhanced CSI feedback
• Enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC)– To improve cell-edge user throughput, coverage, and deployment flexibility– Interference coordination for layered cell deployment with different Tx power levels
• Relaying– To improve coverage and cost effective deployment– Type 1 relay node terminating up to layer 3, which can be seen as Release 8 eNodeB from Release
8 LTE terminal
• LTE Self Optimizing Network (SON) enhancements• HNB and HeNB mobility enhancements
100 MHz
fCC
Key Features in Release 10
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• Carrier aggregation (CA) enhancements– Different TDD UL/DL configuration on different band– Multiple timing advance (TA) for UL CA
• Enhanced downlink control channel (EPDCCH)– Enhanced DL control channel to support increased control
channel capacity, freq. domain ICIC, beamforming and/or diversity
• CoMP transmission and reception– CoMP for Homogeneous/Heterogeneous NW
• Enhancement on DL/UL reference signal, control signal• Channel state information feedback and measurement
• Further enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (FeICIC)
– Interference cancelation technique for UE (e.g., CRS canceller from Macro-cell)
• Improved minimum performance requirements for E-UTRA: Interference rejection
– Interference rejection combining (IRC) UE receiver
Optical fiber
Coordination
PDCCH
ePDCCH DM-RS
f
t
2Rx IRC receiver
Desired beam
Interfering beam
freqPcell Scell
Multiple TA
Key Features in Release 11Physical-layer aspects
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 6NTT DOCOMO Confidential
• Enhancement of Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT)– Intention is to provide mechanisms to collect radio measurements together with location
information from eNB/UE to reduce operator costs for performing manual drive tests– QoS measurements (e.g. throughput, traffic volume) added in Rel-11 specs
• RAN overload control for Machine-Type Communications (MTC)– Intention is to protect the NW from potentially very large number of MTC terminals– CN/RAN overload avoidance specific to MTC terminals added in Rel-11 specs
• Further self optimizing networks (SON) enhancements– Procedures for inter-RAT MRO added in Rel-11 specs
• Network Energy Saving– Procedures for inter-RAT energy saving added in Rel-11 specs
• LTE RAN Enhancements for Diverse Data Applications– Intention is to specify RAN improvements considering various data traffic, e.g. those
generated by smartphones– Signaling for optimization of terminal battery consumption specified in Rel-11
Key Features in Release 11Higher-layer aspects
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 7NTT DOCOMO Confidential
LTE Release 12
Small cell related enhancements•TDD-FDD CA (Carrier aggregation)•SCE (Small cell enhancement)•Dynamic TDD
Service oriented enhancements• D2D (Device to Device)
communication/discovery• MTC (Machine Type Communication)Enhancements for higher spectrum efficiency• NAICS (Network Assisted Interference
Cancellation and Suppression)• MIMO enhancement• eCoMP
Hotspot Network densification
x x
D2D
TDD-FDD CA
SCE
MIMOenhancement
NAICS
Freq.
Macro Small
Ex. 2GHz Ex. 3.5GHz
Dynamic TDD
Small cell• High capacity• High traffic fluctuation• Low Tx power node• (TDD with higher frequency band)
eCoMP
MTC
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 8NTT DOCOMO Confidential
Small Cell Enhancements (SCE)-PHY aspects-
• Objective– Spectrum efficiency improvements
• Higher order modulation (e.g.,256QAM)
– Efficient small cell operation• Efficient small cell discovery
• Small cell on/off
• Radio Interface-based sync.
Macro cellSmall cell
Discovery signal transmissions
Macro cell assists Small Cellfor battery-efficient discovery
DL DATA and reference signalCell #1
Cell #2
Cell #3
Discovery signalONOFF (DTX)ON
Macro-assisted measurement timing
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• Dual connectivity– UEs having dual connectivity to macro and small cell layers
served by different or same carrier
Small Cell Enhancements (SCE)-Higher layer aspects-
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MIMO EnhancementsRel-10 MIMO
2D MIMO enhancement
Elevation beam forming Full dimension-MIMO
• Max. 8-Tx Beam gain and interference
reduction using 3D beam
•Max. 8-Tx (Max. 4-Tx for FDD)•Achieves beamforming in azimuth angle
• More than 8-Tx (e.g., 16, 32, …)• Higher freq. (e.g., 3.5 GHz-)Progressive capacity enhancement
• 4-Tx codebook enhancement• Feedback enhancement for MU-
MIMO
Rel-12 MIMO3D MIMO using active antenna system
N
M
NxM antennas(Using higher
freq.)
Study of 3D channel model (3D UE distribution, 3D pathloss, fast fading, etc
Optimization forrealistic environment
Beamforming inazimuth/elevation angle
Enhancement of the number of antennas
Rel-13 target featuresRel-12 feature
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NW-Assisted Interference Cancellation and Suppression
• Study on a variety of receiver types and need of interference information– Interference suppression: Enhancement of Rel-11 receiver– Interference cancellation: Subtraction of interference replica from received signal, e.g., SIC
Rel. 11 Advanced receiver Rel. 12 Advanced receiverTarget for receiver Interference limited areas,
i.e., cell edgeAll areas including cell edge
Inter-UE interference for MU-MIMO
■Target for Advanced receiver
Severer interference for other scenarios
Inter-cell interference at cell edge
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 12NTT DOCOMO Confidential
TDD-FDD Joint Operation
FDD TDDFreq.UL DL UL/DL
eNB
UL/DL
UL/DL
UL/DL
PCell
SCell
SCell
SCell
SCell
• Objective– TDD-FDD carrier aggregation
• Either TDD or FDD as Pcell
– TDD-FDD joint operation (e.g., multi-stream aggregation, dual mode UE)
• Identify deployment scenarios of joint operation on FDD and TDD spectrum, and network/UE requirement
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 13NTT DOCOMO Confidential
eIMTA* (Dynamic TDD)
• Objective– TDD UL-DL reconfiguration
for traffic adaptation• Reconfiguration
mechanism• HARQ scheme
– Interference mitigation with TDD UL-DL reconfiguration
• UL power control
Cell 1Cell 2
Scheme 1 Scheme 2
Scheme 3 Scheme 4
Interference mitigation schemes
Cell clustering Schedulingenhancement
Interference mitigation based on (F)eICIC
Interference suppressingand mitigation
* eIMTA: Further enhancements to LTE TDD for DL-UL interference management and traffic adaptation
DL-to-UL interference
UL-to-DL interference
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Device to Device (D2D) proximity service
• Objective– Commercial use with NW coverage– Public safety/critical communication
with/without NW coverage– Two kinds of technical topics
• D2D discovery• D2D communication
Disaster, Terror
Outside NWWithin NW coverage
D2D
Current NWInternet
Discovery Discovery+ Communication
Streaming,Mail, etc.
Internet
Advertise, ITS, etc.
Comm. for public safety
Required both for public
safety & non-public safety
With NW coverage
Without NW coverage
Discovery
Commu-nication
Public safety only
Required at least for public
safetyPublic safety only
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 15NTT DOCOMO Confidential
• LTE-based unlicensed spectrum utilization technologies– Exploit unlicensed spectrum which is widely used by Wi-Fi,
e.g., 5 GHz– Try to achieve better traffic offloading and higher user
experience using LTE than those for Wi-Fi due to tighter interworking between licensed and unlicensed bands
Licensed Unlicensed band
Carrier aggregation mode
FreqLicensed Unlicensed band
Supplemental DL mode
Freq
Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) (1)(LTE over Unlicensed Spectrum)
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Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) (2)(LTE over Unlicensed Spectrum)
Press release, Aug 21th, 2014
https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/info/media_center/pr/2014/0821_00.html
DOCOMO and Huawei jointly tested on LAA over the 5GHz unlicensed spectrum.• The indoor test found that LAA leads to cell capacity of approximately 1.6
times greater than that of IEEE 802.11n.• LAA can be utilized as an enhancement of LTE/LTE-Advanced, i.e.,
higher-speed data communications and a higher cell capacity in dense traffic areas should be achievable by utilizing the 5GHz spectrum for LTE/LTE-A on a complementary basis in coexistence with wireless LAN.
LTE(LAA) Terminal × 4
WiFi Terminal × 4
Combiner/DistributerWiFi Access Point
LTE eNB(LAA)
Shared Antenna of LTE/WiFi
5GHz(20MHz Bandwidth)
1.6 times of capacity enhancement
1.6 times of capacity enhancement
RF cable
LTE(LAA)
WiFi(802.11n)
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 18NTT DOCOMO Confidential
5G Global Trends
• Discussions on 5G become active worldwide
Future IMT Vision in ITU-R WP5D
Vision2020/ Network2020
National/international projects on 5G
Special sessions on 5Gin international conferences
5GPPP
Global initiative to define operator requirements on “5G”
ARIB 2020 and Beyond AH
5G Project
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 19NTT DOCOMO Confidential
5G Trends and Requirements
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5G Requirements
Higher data rate Reduced Latency
Massive device connectivity
Energy saving & cost reduction
• 100x typical data rate(Even for high mobility)
• 100x connected devices(Even in crowded areas)
• Energy saving for NW & terminals• Reduced NW cost incl. backhaul
Higher systemcapacity
• RAN latency : < 1ms
• 1000x capacity/km2
5G
5G radio access will provide a total solution to satisfywider range of requirements for 2020 and beyond
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 21NTT DOCOMO Confidential
Directions of Evolution: “The Cube”
Spectrum extension
Network densification
Required performance
Spectrum efficiency
Current capacity
New cellular concept for cost/energy-efficient dense deployments
Non-orthogonal multiple access
Study for new interference scenarios
Dense urbanShopping mall
Hotspot
Cellular network assists local area radio access
Efficient use of higher spectrum bands
Tx-Rx cooperative access technologies
A set of radio access technologies is required to satisfy future requirements
Existing cellular bands Higher/wider frequency bands
Frequency
Very wide Super wide
Controller
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
3D/Massive MIMO,Advanced receiver
WiFi
Traffic offloading
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2014, All rights reserved. 22NTT DOCOMO Confidential
5G Definition, Capabilities and Deployments
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Evolution Paths for 5GP
erfo
rman
ce
~2015
Rel-10/11Rel-8/9
Pico/Femto
LTE
LTE-AdvancedRel-12/13
PotentialNew RAT
~2020 Year
5G Radio Access
Rel-14/15,…
• Further LTE enhancements– Small cell & general cellular
enhancements for beyond Release 12• Potential new RAT
– Should prioritize the achievement of more big gains over backward compatibility
– Consider new spectrum allocations of WRC-15 and beyond
Macro-assistedsmall cell enhancement
(Phantom cell)
CA/eICIC/CoMP for HetNet WRC-15
Further LTEenhancement
WRC-18
Big gain
Continuous evolution
5G = LTE enh. + New RAT
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NTT DOCOMO’s Activities Toward 5G
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Collaboration for 5G Trials
Existing Frequency Bands Wideband Transmission Over Higher Frequency Bands
Frequency
Low SHF3-6GHz
High SHF6-30GHz
EHF> 30GHz
EricssonExperiments on
new radio interface concept and
Massive MIMO(15GHz Band)
NokiaExperiments on
super-wideband single carrier transmission and beamforming
(70GHz Band)
Alcatel-LucentExperiments on
candidate waveforms to support mobile
broadband & M2M
SamsungExperiments on super-wideband
hybrid beamformingand beam tracking
(28GHz Band)
NECExperiments on time-domain beamforming
with very large number of antennas(5GHz Band)
FujitsuExperiments on
coordinated scheduling for super dense base stations
using RRH
UHFEx. 800MHz, 2GHz
DOCOMO to Conduct 5G Experimental Trials With World-leading Mobile Technology VendorsTOKYO, JAPAN, May 8, 2014 --- NTT DOCOMO, INC., a personalized mobile solutions provider for smarter living, announced today that it will conduct experimental trials of emerging 5G mobile communications technologies with six world-leading mobile technology vendors: Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, Fujitsu, NEC, Nokia, and Samsung.
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Proposal on 5G Standardization time plan
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
WRC15 WRC18/19
Rel. 12
Rel. 13
Rel. 14 Rel. 15
Spectrum < 6GHz Spectrum > 6GHz
5G launch
Study for 5G
Specification for 5G and 5G enhancements
Can/should we start specification work for spectrum above 6GHz
before WRC18/19?
?